Academic literature on the topic 'Classical range succession model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Classical range succession model"
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Steer, Philippe, Thomas Croissant, Edwin Baynes, and Dimitri Lague. "Statistical modelling of co-seismic knickpoint formation and river response to fault slip." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 3 (July 24, 2019): 681–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-681-2019.
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Abstract. Most landscape evolution models adopt the paradigm of constant and uniform uplift. It results that the role of fault activity and earthquakes on landscape building is understood under simplistic boundary conditions. Here, we develop a numerical model to investigate river profile development subjected to fault displacement by earthquakes and erosion. The model generates earthquakes, including mainshocks and aftershocks, that respect the classical scaling laws observed for earthquakes. The distribution of seismic and aseismic slip can be partitioned following a spatial distribution of mainshocks along the fault plane. Slope patches, such as knickpoints, induced by fault slip are then migrated at a constant rate upstream a river crossing the fault. A major result is that this new model predicts a uniform distribution of earthquake magnitude rupturing a river that crosses a fault trace and in turn a negative exponential distribution of knickpoint height for a fully coupled fault, i.e. with only co-seismic slip. Increasing aseismic slip at shallow depths, and decreasing shallow seismicity, censors the magnitude range of earthquakes cutting the river towards large magnitudes and leads to less frequent but higher-amplitude knickpoints, on average. Inter-knickpoint distance or time between successive knickpoints follows an exponential decay law. Using classical rates for fault slip (15 mm year−1) and knickpoint retreat (0.1 m year−1) leads to high spatial densities of knickpoints. We find that knickpoint detectability, relatively to the resolution of topographic data, decreases with river slope that is equal to the ratio between fault slip rate and knickpoint retreat rate. Vertical detectability is only defined by the precision of the topographic data that sets the lower magnitude leading to a discernible offset. Considering a retreat rate with a dependency on knickpoint height leads to the merging of small knickpoints into larger ones and larger than the maximum offset produced by individual earthquakes. Moreover, considering simple scenarios of fault burial by intermittent sediment cover, driven by climatic changes or linked to earthquake occurrence, leads to knickpoint distributions and river profiles markedly different from the case with no sediment cover. This highlights the potential role of sediments in modulating and potentially altering the expression of tectonic activity in river profiles and surface topography. The correlation between the topographic profiles of successive parallel rivers cutting the fault remains positive for distance along the fault of less than half the maximum earthquake rupture length. This suggests that river topography can be used for paleo-seismological analysis and to assess fault slip partitioning between aseismic and seismic slip. Lastly, the developed model can be coupled to more sophisticated landscape evolution models to investigate the role of earthquakes on landscape dynamics.
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Lee, Seung-Joon, George T. Yates, and T. Yaotsu Wu. "Experiments and analyses of upstream-advancing solitary waves generated by moving disturbances." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 199 (February 1989): 569–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112089000492.
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In this joint theoretical, numerical and experimental study, we investigate the phenomenon of forced generation of nonlinear waves by disturbances moving steadily with a transcritical velocity through a layer of shallow water. The plane motion considered here is modelled by the generalized Boussinesq equations and the forced Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) equation, both of which admit two types of forcing agencies in the form of an external surface pressure and a bottom topography. Numerical results are obtained using both theoretical models for the two types of forcings. These results illustrate that within a transcritical speed range, a succession of solitary waves are generated, periodically and indefinitely, to form a procession advancing upstream of the disturbance, while a train of weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive waves develops downstream of an ever elongating stretch of a uniformly depressed water surface immediately behind the disturbance. This is a beautiful example showing that the response of a dynamic system to steady forcing need not asymptotically tend to a steady state, but can be conspicuously periodic, after an impulsive start, when the system is being forced at resonance.A series of laboratory experiments was conducted with a cambered bottom topography impulsively started from rest to a constant transcritical velocity U, the corresponding depth Froude number F = U/(gh0)½ (g being the gravitational constant and h0 the original uniform water depth) being nearly the critical value of unity. For the two types of forcing, the generalized Boussinesq model indicates that the surface pressure can be more effective in generating the precursor solitary waves than the submerged topography of the same normalized spatial distribution. However, according to the fKdV model, these two types of forcing are entirely equivalent. Besides these and some other rather refined differences, a broad agreement is found between theory and experiment, both in respect of the amplitudes and phases of the waves generated, when the speed is nearly critical (0.9 < F < 1.1) and when the forcing is sufficiently weak (the topography-height to water-depth ratio less than 0.15) to avoid breaking. Experimentally, wave breaking was observed to occur in the precursor solitary waves at low supercritical speeds (about 1.1 < F < 1.2) and in the first few trailing waves at high subcritical speeds (about 0.8 < F < 0.9), when sufficiently forced. For still lower subcritical speeds, the trailing waves behaved more like sinusoidal waves as found in the classical case and the forward-running solitary waves, while still experimentally discernible and numerically predicted for 0.6 > F > 0.2, finally disappear at F ≈ 0.2. In the other direction, as the Froude number is increased beyond F ≈ 1.2, the precursor soliton phenomenon was found also to evanesce as no finite-amplitude solitary waves can outrun, nor can any two-dimensional waves continue to follow, the rapidly moving disturbance. In this supercritical range and for asymptotically large times, all the effects remain only local to the disturbance. Thus, the criterion of the fascinating phenomenon of the generation of precursor solitons is ascertained.
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Krone, Stephen M., and Claudia Neuhauser. "A spatial model of range-dependent succession." Journal of Applied Probability 37, no. 04 (December 2000): 1044–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200018210.
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We consider an interacting particle system in which each site of the d-dimensional integer lattice can be in state 0, 1, or 2. Our aim is to model the spread of disease in plant populations, so think of 0 = vacant, 1 = healthy plant, 2 = infected plant. A vacant site becomes occupied by a plant at a rate which increases linearly with the number of plants within range R, up to some saturation level, F 1, above which the rate is constant. Similarly, a plant becomes infected at a rate which increases linearly with the number of infected plants within range M, up to some saturation level, F 2. An infected plant dies (and the site becomes vacant) at constant rate δ. We discuss coexistence results in one and two dimensions. These results depend on the relative dispersal ranges for plants and disease.
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Krone, Stephen M., and Claudia Neuhauser. "A spatial model of range-dependent succession." Journal of Applied Probability 37, no. 4 (December 2000): 1044–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1014843082.
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We consider an interacting particle system in which each site of the d-dimensional integer lattice can be in state 0, 1, or 2. Our aim is to model the spread of disease in plant populations, so think of 0 = vacant, 1 = healthy plant, 2 = infected plant. A vacant site becomes occupied by a plant at a rate which increases linearly with the number of plants within range R, up to some saturation level, F1, above which the rate is constant. Similarly, a plant becomes infected at a rate which increases linearly with the number of infected plants within range M, up to some saturation level, F2. An infected plant dies (and the site becomes vacant) at constant rate δ. We discuss coexistence results in one and two dimensions. These results depend on the relative dispersal ranges for plants and disease.
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Brown, David R., Lisa A. Cassis, Dennis L. Silcox, Laura V. Brown, and David C. Randall. "Empirical and theoretical analysis of the extremely low frequency arterial blood pressure power spectrum in unanesthetized rat." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 291, no. 6 (December 2006): H2816—H2824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00135.2006.
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The slope of the log of power versus the log of frequency in the arterial blood pressure (BP) power spectrum is classically considered constant over the low-frequency range (i.e., “fractal” behavior), and is quantified by β in the relationship “1/ fβ.” In practice, the fractal range cannot extend to indefinitely low frequencies, but factor(s) that terminate this behavior, and determine β, are unclear. We present 1) data in rats ( n = 8) that reveal an extremely low frequency spectral region (0.083–1 cycle/h), where β approaches 0 (i.e., the “shoulder”); and 2) a model that 1) predicts realistic values of β within that range of the spectrum that conforms to fractal dynamics (∼1–60 cycles/h), 2) offers an explanation for the shoulder, and 3) predicts that the “successive difference” in mean BP (mBP) is an important parameter of circulatory function. We recorded BP for up to 16 days. The absolute difference between successive mBP samples at 0.1 Hz (the successive difference, or Δ) was 1.87 ± 0.21 mmHg (means ± SD). We calculated β for three frequency ranges: 1) 0.083–1; 2) 1–6; and 3) 6–60 cycles/h. The β for all three regions differed ( P < 0.01). For the two higher frequency ranges, β indicated a fractal relationship (β6–60/h = 1.27 ± 0.01; β1–6/h = 1.80 ± 0.16). Conversely, the slope of the lowest frequency region (i.e., the shoulder) was nearly flat (β0.083–1 /h = 0.32 ± 0.28). We simulated the BP time series as a random walk about 100 mmHg with ranges above and below of 10, 30, and 50 mmHg and with Δ from 0.5 to 2.5. The spectrum for the conditions mimicking actual BP time series (i.e., range, 85–115 mmHg; Δ, 2.00) resembled the observed spectra, with β in the lowest frequency range = 0.207 and fractal-like behavior in the two higher frequency ranges (β = 1.707 and 2.057). We suggest that the combined actions of mechanisms limiting the excursion of arterial BP produce the shoulder in the spectrum and that Δ contributes to determining β.
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Schneider, Linda, Christian Barthlott, Corinna Hoose, and Andrew I. Barrett. "Relative impact of aerosol, soil moisture, and orography perturbations on deep convection." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 19 (October 7, 2019): 12343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12343-2019.
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Abstract. The predictability of deep moist convection depends on many factors, such as the synoptic-scale flow, the geographical region (i.e., the presence of mountains), and land surface–atmosphere as well as aerosol–cloud interactions. This study addresses all these factors by investigating the relative impact of orography, soil moisture, and aerosols on precipitation over Germany in different weather regimes. To this end, we conduct numerical sensitivity studies with the COnsortium for Small-sale MOdelling (COSMO) model at high spatial resolution (500 m grid spacing) for 6 days with weak and strong synoptic forcing. The numerical experiments consist of (i) successive smoothing of topographical features, (ii) systematic changes in the initial soil moisture fields (spatially homogeneous increase/decrease, horizontal uniform soil moisture, different realizations of dry/wet patches), and (iii) different assumptions about the ambient aerosol concentration (spatially homogeneous and heterogeneous fields). Our results show that the impact of these perturbations on precipitation is on average higher for weak than for strong synoptic forcing. Soil moisture and aerosols are each responsible for the maximum precipitation response for three of the cases, while the sensitivity to terrain forcing always shows the smallest spread. For the majority of the analyzed cases, the model produces a positive soil moisture–precipitation feedback when averaged over the entire model domain. Furthermore, the amount of soil moisture affects precipitation more strongly than its spatial distribution. The precipitation response to changes in the CCN concentration is more complex and case dependent. The smoothing of terrain shows weaker impacts on days with strong synoptic forcing because surface fluxes are less important and orographic ascent is still simulated reasonably well, despite missing fine-scale orographic features. We apply an object-based characterization to identify whether and how the perturbations affect the structure, location, timing, and intensity of precipitation. These diagnostics reveal that the structure component, comparing the size and shape of precipitating objects to the reference simulation, is on average highest in the soil moisture and aerosol simulations, often due to changes in the maximum precipitation amounts. This indicates that the dominant mechanisms for convection initiation remain but that precipitation amounts depend on the strength of the trigger mechanisms. Location and amplitude parameters both vary over a much smaller range. Still, the temporal evolution of the amplitude component correlates well with the rain rate. Our results suggest that for quantitative precipitation forecasting, both aerosols and soil moisture are of similar importance and that their inclusion in convective-scale ensemble forecasting containing classical sources of uncertainty should be assessed in the future.
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Da Silva, F. W. O., and A. S. T. Pires. "Short-Range Order in the Quasi-One-Dimensional Classical Heisenberg Model." physica status solidi (b) 130, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): K117—K120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.2221300255.
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Gupta, Shamik, and David Mukamel. "Quasistationarity in a model of classical spins with long-range interactions." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2011, no. 03 (March 14, 2011): P03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2011/03/p03015.
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Sarkanych, P., Yu Holovatch, and R. Kenna. "Classical phase transitions in a one-dimensional short-range spin model." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 51, no. 50 (November 15, 2018): 505001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aaea02.
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Bell, Graham, and Étienne Fortier-Dubois. "Trophic dynamics of a simple model ecosystem." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1862 (September 13, 2017): 20171463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1463.
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We have constructed a model of community dynamics that is simple enough to enumerate all possible food webs, yet complex enough to represent a wide range of ecological processes. We use the transition matrix to predict the outcome of succession and then investigate how the transition probabilities are governed by resource supply and immigration. Low-input regimes lead to simple communities whereas trophically complex communities develop when there is an adequate supply of both resources and immigrants. Our interpretation of trophic dynamics in complex communities hinges on a new principle of mutual replenishment, defined as the reciprocal alternation of state in a pair of communities linked by the invasion and extinction of a shared species. Such neutral couples are the outcome of succession under local dispersal and imply that food webs will often be made up of suites of trophically equivalent species. When immigrants arrive from an external pool of fixed composition a similar principle predicts a dynamic core of webs constituting a neutral interchange network, although communities may express an extensive range of other webs whose membership is only in part predictable. The food web is not in general predictable from whole-community properties such as productivity or stability, although it may profoundly influence these properties.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Classical range succession model"
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Moleele, Nkobi Mpho, and n/a. "Ecological change and piospheres : can the classical range succession model and its modifications explain changes in vegetation and soil around boreholes in eastern Botswana?" University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Science, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061018.144247.
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There is concern that the communal rangelands of Botswana are overstocked with
cattle, and that this has led to unwanted ecological changes. These changes are
assumed to be most prominent around boreholes. This study describes vegetation and
soil piospheres around boreholes in Eastern Botswana and investigates factors
associated with their development.
The classical range succession model and its modifications, the bush encroachment
theories and the soil-nutrient transfer model, have been applied here to explain
changes in vegetation and soil variables with distance from artificial water points.
Data on soil texture, soil nutrients, vegetation species composition and cover, dung
weight and bare ground were collected from boreholes of different ages, with different
numbers of cattle using them.
Piosphere patterns were observed. However, some of the patterns were not in
accordance with the classical range succession model and the bush encroachment theories. The frequent occurrence of palatable grasses (Panicum maximum, Setaria
verticiliata and Digitaria milanjiand) nearer to water points where the grazing
pressure is highest, and of unpalatable ones (Aristida congesta and Eragrostis
rigidior) further away, where the grazing pressure is minimal, contradicts the classical
range succession model. Total tree cover along the gradient did not show any changes,
which contradicts bush encroachment theory (two-layer soil moisture model). The
concentration of soil nutrients and dung weight close to boreholes was well predicted
by the soil-nutrient transfer model. The frequency of Acacia tortilis and Dicrostachys
cinerea and bare patches, increased towards boreholes. Grass cover, occurrence of
Terminalia sericea, Boscia albitrunca and Combretum apiculatum increased with
distance from water points.
The results suggest that the range succession model and its modification, the twolayer
soil moisture model, cannot satisfactorily explain vegetation changes with
distance from water points. Species composition at a point may be affected by the
growth, survival, recovery and reproductive strategies of different species, fire,
selectivity of browsers and nutrients status, as well as grazing disturbance. Therefore,
the 'state and transition' model is recommended, as it considers factors that are ignored
by the classical range succession model, and is appropriate for analysing vegetation
change under highly variable rainfall.
The adverse impacts of grazing around boreholes could be reduced by controlling
cattle distribution on the range as a whole.
Books on the topic "Classical range succession model"
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Schiff, David. A Modernistic Education (1924–1935). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190259150.003.0004.
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Carter’s formative years in New York, Harvard, and Paris brought him into contact with a broad range of contending and often contradictory aesthetic ideas and musical movements, including primitivism, expressionism, ultra-modernism, and neo-classicism. While in high school he encountered the ideas and music of American ultra-modernists and European modernists, often of an experimental or mystical nature, but at Harvard he was taught the classicist ideas of T.S. Eliot and sang with the Harvard Glee Club in the American premiere of Stravinsky’s neo-classical opera-oratorio Oedipus Rex. While Carter’s neo-classical leanings were encouraged by Walter Piston and Nadia Boulanger, the visionary romantic poetry of Hart Crane presented a different model for an artist’s life and work.
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Borodin, Alexei, and Leonid Petrov. Integrable probability: stochastic vertex models and symmetric functions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797319.003.0002.
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This chapter presents the study of a homogeneous stochastic higher spin six-vertex model in a quadrant. For this model concise integral representations for multipoint q-moments of the height function and for the q-correlation functions are derived. At least in the case of the step initial condition, these formulas degenerate in appropriate limits to many known formulas of such type for integrable probabilistic systems in the (1+1)d KPZ universality class, including the stochastic six-vertex model, ASEP, various q-TASEPs, and associated zero-range processes. The arguments are largely based on properties of a family of symmetric rational functions that can be defined as partition functions of the higher spin six-vertex model for suitable domains; they generalize classical Hall–Littlewood and Schur polynomials. A key role is played by Cauchy-like summation identities for these functions, which are obtained as a direct corollary of the Yang–Baxter equation for the higher spin six-vertex model.
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Cherbuliez, Juliette. In the Wake of Medea. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823287826.001.0001.
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This book explores the rhetorical, literary, and performance strategies through which violence appears and persists in early modern French tragedy, a genre long understood as passionless and refusing all violence. The mythological figure of Medea, foreigner who massacres her brother, murders kings, burns down Corinth, and kills her own children, can serve as a paradigm for this violence. An alternative to western philosophy’s ethical paradigm of Antigone, the Medean presence offers a model of radically persistent and disruptive outsiderness—for classical theater and its wake in literary theory. In the Wake of Medea explores a range of artistic strategies integrating violence into drama: rhetorical devices like ekphrasis, dramaturgical special effects, and shifts in temporal structures. The full range of this Medean presence appears in literal treatments of Medea (Médée, La Conquête de la Toison d’Or) and in tragedies figuratively invoking a Medean presence (Hercule mourant, Phèdre, Athalie). Of interest to specialists, political theorists, and students of theater, it explores works by well-known dramaturges (Racine, Corneille) alongside a breadth of neoclassical political theater (spectacular machine plays, Neo-Stoic parables, didactic Christian theater). In the Wake recognizes the Medean force within these tragedies, while also exploring why violence remains so integral to literature and arts today.
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Allen, Michael P., and Dominic J. Tildesley. Statistical mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803195.003.0002.
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This chapter contains the essential statistical mechanics required to understand the inner workings of, and interpretation of results from, computer simulations. The microcanonical, canonical, isothermal–isobaric, semigrand and grand canonical ensembles are defined. Thermodynamic, structural, and dynamical properties of simple and complex liquids are related to appropriate functions of molecular positions and velocities. A number of important thermodynamic properties are defined in terms of fluctuations in these ensembles. The effect of the inclusion of hard constraints in the underlying potential model on the calculated properties is considered, and the addition of long-range and quantum corrections to classical simulations is presented. The extension of statistical mechanics to describe inhomogeneous systems such as the planar gas–liquid interface, fluid membranes, and liquid crystals, and its application in the simulation of these systems, are discussed.
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Levin, Frank S. The Hydrogen Atom and Its Colorful Photons. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808275.003.0010.
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The energies, kets and wave functions obtained from the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom are examined in Chapter 9. Three quantum numbers are identified. The energies turn out to be the same as in the Bohr model, and an energy-level diagram appropriate to the quantum description is constructed. Graphs of the probability distributions are interpreted as the electron being in a “cloud” around the proton, rather than at a fixed position: the atom is fuzzy, not sharp-edged. The wavelengths of the five photons of the Balmer series are shown to be in the visible range. These photons are emitted when electrons transition from higher-excited states to the second lowest one, which means that electronic-type transitions underlie the presence of colors in our visible environment. The non-collapse of the atom, required by classical physics, is shown to arise from the structure of Schrödinger’s equation.
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Link, Bruce G., Jo C. Phelan, and Greer Sullivan. Mental and Physical Health Consequences of the Stigma Associated with Mental Illnesses. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.26.
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People with mental illnesses experience physical illness and premature mortality at much higher rates compared to people without such illnesses. This chapter proposes that the stigma of mental illness comprises an important set of causes of this physical health disparity. It draws on classical and modified labeling theory from sociology for insights and propositions as to why mental illness stigma might affect physical health. The chapter proposes that the stigma of mental illness might affect not only the future experience of mental illness but also a broad range of physical illnesses, thereby contributing to the substantial physical health disparity that people with mental illnesses experience. The chapter develops a conceptual model that places at its center stigma processes including structural, interpersonal, social psychological, and internalized processes. Stigma processes at these levels induce stress and reduce resources, which in turn compromise physical health to produce large physical health disparities.
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Yust, Jason. Organized Time. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.001.0001.
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This book presents a theory of temporal structure for music, making two main arguments. The first is that a single model of temporal structure, expressible in the form of a certain type of mathematical network, is common to all modalities, particularly rhythm, tonality, and form. As a result, we can develop tools to talk about the experience of musical time in abstraction from any particular modality, and make analogies from structural phenomena in one modality to another (e.g., formal counterpoint). The second argument is that each of these modalities is in principle independent: it has its own set of structuring criteria, and it may lead to structures that agree or disagree with each other. The resulting coordination or disjunction between modalities is of more direct aesthetic importance, typically, than anything that can be said about one isolated parameter alone. These claims have deep ramifications for theories of rhythm, tonality, and form: for instance, that it is possible to discuss formal structure without necessary reference to tonal features. Theories of harmony, key, formal function, hypermeter, and closure are developed in conjunction with analysis of a wide range of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century composers, surveys of classical repertoire, and observations about the history of musical styles. A number of mathematical tools for temporal structure are also proposed.
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Pelgrom, Jeremia, and Arthur Weststeijn, eds. The Renaissance of Roman Colonization. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850960.001.0001.
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The colonization policies of Ancient Rome followed a range of legal arrangements concerning property distribution and state formation, documented in fragmented textual and epigraphic sources. Once antiquarian scholars rediscovered and scrutinized these sources in the Renaissance, their analysis of the Roman colonial model formed the intellectual background for modern visions of empire. What does it mean to exercise power at and over distance? This book foregrounds the pioneering contribution to this debate of the great Italian Renaissance scholar Carlo Sigonio (1522/3–84). His comprehensive legal interpretation of Roman society and Roman colonization, which for more than two centuries remained the leading account of Roman history, has been of immense (but long disregarded) significance for the modern understanding of Roman colonial practices and of the legal organization and implications of empire. Bringing together experts on Roman history, the history of classical scholarship, and the history of international law, this book analyses the context, making, and impact of Sigonio’s reconstruction of the Roman colonial model. It shows how his legal interpretation of Roman colonization originated and how it informed the development of legal colonial discourse, from visions of imperial reform and colonial independence in the nascent United States of America, to Enlightenment accounts of property distribution, culminating in a specific juridical strand in twentieth-century Roman historiography. Through a detailed analysis of scholarly and political visions of Roman colonization from the Renaissance until today, this book shows the enduring relevance of legal interpretations of the Roman colonial model for modern experiences of empire.
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Parker, Joanne, and Corinna Wagner, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Victorian Medievalism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669509.001.0001.
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Victorian medievalism physically transformed the streets of Britain. It lay at the root of new laws and social policies. It changed religious practices. It deeply coloured national identities. And it inspired art, literature, and music that remains influential to this day. Sometimes driven by nostalgia, but also often progressive and future-facing, this wide-reaching movement, which reached its peak during the reign of Queen Victoria, looked back to a range of different peoples and historical periods spanning a thousand years, in order to inspire and vindicate cultural, political and social change. Medievalism was pervasive in Victorian literature, with texts ranging from translated sagas to pseudo-medieval devotional verse, to triple-decker novels. It became a dominant architectural mode – transforming the English landscape, with 75% of new churches built on a ‘Gothic’ rather than a classical model, as well as museums, railway stations, town halls, and pumping stations. It was appealed to by both Whigs and Tories. But it also permeated domestic life – influencing the popularity of beards, the naming of children, and the design of homes and furniture. This landmark study is an attempt to draw together for the first time every major aspect of Victorian medievalism, and to examine the phenomenon from the perspective of the many disciplines to which it is relevant, including intellectual history, religious studies, social history, literary history, art history, and architecture. Bringing together the expertise of 39 experts from different subject areas, it reveals the pervasiveness and multi-faceted character of the movement in the nineteenth century, and explains its continuing legacy today.
Book chapters on the topic "Classical range succession model"
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Picco, P. "On the absence of breakdown of symmetry for the plane rotator model with long range unbounded random interaction." In Stochastic Aspects of Classical and Quantum Systems, 148–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0101542.
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Zimmermann, Reinhard. "Mandatory Family Protection in the Civilian Tradition." In Comparative Succession Law, 648–706. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850397.003.0022.
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The chapter traces the development of mandatory family protection from Roman law through the ius commune to the modern civilian codifications. The Justinianic reform of 542 AD having failed to streamline and simplify the rules of classical Roman law, it was left to the draftsmen of the codifications from the end of the eighteenth century onwards to tackle that task. Particularly influential were the French Code civil of 1804 and the Austrian Civil Code of 1811. Germany adopted the Austrian model of a ‘compulsory portion’ (ie a personal claim for the value of a part of the estate). Elsewhere the French model of ‘forced heirship’ (part of the testator’s property is reserved to his closest relatives) was extremely influential, although in modern times some of the Romanistic countries have changed from forced heirship to compulsory portion. The chapter also considers the post-socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the Nordic countries, and the codifications in the Americas. A number of lines of development can be traced in comparative perspective, among them a tendency to weaken the position of the deceased’s closest family members (by granting them merely a personal claim in money rather than the position of co-heirs, by reducing the quotas to which they are entitled, and by drawing the range of the deceased’s relatives entitled to mandatory protection more narrowly). The surviving spouse’s position, on the other hand, has been strengthened. Characteristic for a number of civilian legal systems is the endeavour in various ways to render to law of mandatory family protection more flexible. The implementation of the concept of a needs-based claim for maintenance is one of the devices attesting to the quest for increased flexibility.
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Margolus, Norman H. "Universal Cellular Automata Based on the Collisions of Soft Spheres." In New Constructions in Cellular Automata. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195137170.003.0013.
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Fredkin’s Billiard Ball Model (BBM) is a continuous classical mechanical model of computation based on the elastic collisions of identical finite-diameter hard spheres. When the BBM is initialized appropriately, the sequence of states that appear at successive integer time steps is equivalent to a discrete digital dynamics. Here we discuss some models of computation that are based on the elastic collisions of identical finite-diameter soft spheres: spheres which are very compressible and hence take an appreciable amount of time to bounce off each other. Because of this extended impact period, these Soft Sphere Models (SSMs) correspond directly to simple lattice gas automata—unlike the fast-impact BBM. Successive time steps of an SSM lattice gas dynamics can be viewed as integer-time snapshots of a continuous physical dynamics with a finite-range soft-potential interaction. We present both two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of universal CAs of this type, and then discuss spatially efficient computation using momentum conserving versions of these models (i.e., without fixed mirrors). Finally, we discuss the interpretation of these models as relativistic and as semiclassical systems, and extensions of these models motivated by these interpretations. Cellular automata (CA) are spatial computations. They imitate the locality and uniformity of physical law in a stylized digital format. The finiteness of the information density and processing rate in a CA dynamics is also physically realistic. These connections with physics have been exploited to construct CA models of spatial processes in Nature and to explore artificial “toy” universes. The discrete and uniform spatial structure of CA computations also makes it possible to “crystallize” them into efficient hardware [17, 21]. Here we will focus on CAs as realistic spatial models of ordinary (nonquantum- coherent) computation. As Fredkin and Banks pointed out [2], we can demonstrate the computing capability of a CA dynamics by showing that certain patterns of bits act like logic gates, like signals, and like wires, and that we can put these pieces together into an initial state that, under the dynamics, exactly simulates the logic circuitry of an ordinary computer.
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Doebeli, Michael. "Evolutionary Branching in a Classical Model for Sympatric Speciation." In Adaptive Diversification (MPB-48). Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691128931.003.0002.
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This chapter begins by considering the Maynard Smith model. Much of this work concentrated on the genetic mechanisms for assortative mating and reproductive isolation, based on the assumption that the underlying niche ecology would generate disruptive selection. However, understanding the conditions under which disruptive selection arises in the first place is equally important, and indeed necessary for assessing whether diversification is a general outcome in the Maynard Smith model. The chapter then shows that disruptive selection and polymorphism are scenarios that occur generically, that is, for a wide range of parameters, in a classical and widely used speciation model. It also provides an introduction to some of the basic concepts of adaptive dynamics theory.
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Saha, Ritam, and Mrinal Kanti Bhowmik. "Active Contour Model for Medical Applications." In Handbook of Research on Natural Computing for Optimization Problems, 937–59. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0058-2.ch038.
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Recent developments in medical imaging techniques have brought an entirely new research field. Medical images are frequently corrupted by inherent noise and artifacts that could make it difficult to extract accurate information, and hence compromising the quality of clinical examination. So accurate detection is one of the major problems for medical image segmentation. Snakes or Active contour method have gained wide attention in medical image segmentation for a long time. A Snake is an energy-minimizing spline that controlled by an external energy and influenced by image energy that pull it towards features such as lines and edges. One of the key difficulties with traditional active contour algorithms is a large capture range problem. The contribution of this paper is that to in-depth analysis of the existing different contour models and implementation of techniques with minor improvements that to solve the large capture range problem. The experiment results of this model attain high accuracy detection and outperform the classical snake model in terms of efficiency and robustness.
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Saha, Ritam, and Mrinal Kanti Bhowmik. "Active Contour Model for Medical Applications." In Medical Imaging, 655–78. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0571-6.ch025.
Full textAbstract:
Recent developments in medical imaging techniques have brought an entirely new research field. Medical images are frequently corrupted by inherent noise and artifacts that could make it difficult to extract accurate information, and hence compromising the quality of clinical examination. So accurate detection is one of the major problems for medical image segmentation. Snakes or Active contour method have gained wide attention in medical image segmentation for a long time. A Snake is an energy-minimizing spline that controlled by an external energy and influenced by image energy that pull it towards features such as lines and edges. One of the key difficulties with traditional active contour algorithms is a large capture range problem. The contribution of this paper is that to in-depth analysis of the existing different contour models and implementation of techniques with minor improvements that to solve the large capture range problem. The experiment results of this model attain high accuracy detection and outperform the classical snake model in terms of efficiency and robustness.
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Nitzan, Abraham. "The Spin–Boson Model." In Chemical Dynamics in Condensed Phases. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198529798.003.0018.
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In a generic quantum mechanical description of a molecule interacting with its thermal environment, the molecule is represented as a few level system (in the simplest description just two, for example, ground and excited states) and the environment is often modeled as a bath of harmonic oscillators. The resulting theoretical framework is known as the spin–boson model, a term that seems to have emerged in the Kondo problem literature (which deals with the behavior of magnetic impurities in metals) during the 1960s, but is now used in a much broader context. Indeed, it has become one of the central models of theoretical physics, with applications in physics, chemistry, and biology that range far beyond the subject of this book. Transitions between molecular electronic states coupled to nuclear vibrations, environmental phonons, and photon modes of the radiation field fall within this class of problems. The present chapter discusses this model and some of its mathematical implications. The reader may note that some of the subjects discussed in Chapter 9 are reiterated here in this more general framework. In Sections 2.2 and 2.9 we have discussed the dynamics of the two-level system and of the harmonic oscillator, respectively. These exactly soluble models are often used as prototypes of important classes of physical system. The harmonic oscillator is an exact model for a mode of the radiation field and provides good starting points for describing nuclear motions in molecules and in solid environments. It can also describe the short-time dynamics of liquid environments via the instantaneous normal mode approach. In fact, many linear response treatments in both classical and quantum dynamics lead to harmonic oscillator models: Linear response implies that forces responsible for the return of a system to equilibrium depend linearly on the deviation from equilibrium—a harmonic oscillator property! We will see a specific example of this phenomenology in our discussion of dielectric response in Section 16.9.
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Mack, Peter. "Renaissance Epics: Ariosto, Tasso, and Spenser." In Reading Old Books, 97–135. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691194004.003.0004.
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This chapter takes a look at Orlando Furioso (1516, 1532), Gerusalemme Liberata (1581), and The Faerie Queene (1596), which are the recognized epic masterpieces of their eras. They draw in succession on each other and on a wide range of classical and romance texts, many of them known to the first audiences of these three poems. The chapter investigates the ways in which Ludovico Ariosto, Torquato Tasso, and Edmund Spenser used their predecessors and the different effects they achieved from a shared heritage. It examines the ways in which a series of authors used both their immediate predecessors and their sense of a long tradition of epic writing to create something new. The chapter argues that Ariosto aimed to shock and surprise his audience. Tasso reacted to Ariosto by combining a more serious and unified epic on the lines of the Iliad. Spenser's idea of devoting each book to a hero and a virtue presents a structure which is easier to comprehend than Ariosto's, yet looser and more open to surprises than Tasso's.
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Hawkins, Robert D., Craig H. Bailey, and Eric R. Kandel. "The Neuronal Circuit for Simple Forms of Learning in Aplysia." In Handbook of Brain Microcircuits, edited by Gordon M. Shepherd and Sten Grillner, 245–62. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190636111.003.0020.
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The gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia is a simple defensive behavior that is mediated in part by a monosynaptic pathway. Despite this remarkable simplicity, the reflex can be modified by several forms of learning, including habituation, dishabituation, sensitization, and classical and operant conditioning. The forms of learning that have been explored in research studies exhibit many of the behavioral properties of learning in mammals, suggesting that they may involve similar neuronal mechanisms. In 1984, we proposed cellular mechanisms for several higher-order features of conditioning and incorporated those ideas in a quantitative model that simulated a broad range of behavioral properties. In this chapter, we summarize the current body of knowledge about the behavior, circuitry, and cellular and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory of the reflex. We then review our original model and suggest how recent advances may explain some of the behavioral properties that this model could not.
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Rapisarda, Andrea, and Vito Latora. "Nonextensive Effects in Hamiltonian Systems." In Nonextensive Entropy. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159769.003.0011.
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The Boltzmann-Gibbs formulation of equilibrium statistical mechanics depends crucially on the nature of the Hamiltonian of the JV-body system under study, but this fact is clearly stated only in the introductions of textbooks and, in general, it is very soon neglected. In particular, the very same basic postulate of equilibrium statistical mechanics, the famous Boltzmann principle S = k log W of the microcanonical ensemble, assumes that dynamics can be automatically an easily taken into account, although this is not always justified, as Einstein himself realized [20]. On the other hand, the Boltzmann-Gibbs canonical ensemble is valid only for sufficiently short-range interactions and does not necessarily apply, for example, to gravitational or unscreened Colombian fields for which the usually assumed entropy extensivity postulate is not valid [5]. In 1988, Constantino Tsallis proposed a generalized thermostatistics formalism based on a nonextensive entropic form [24]. Since then, this new theory has been encountering an increasing number of successful applications in different fields (for some recent examples see Abe and Suzuki [1], Baldovin and Robledo [4], Beck et al. [8], Kaniadakis et al. [12], Latora et al. [16], and Tsallis et al. [25]) and seems to be the best candidate for a generalized thermodynamic formalism which should be valid when nonextensivity, long-range correlations, and fractal structures in phase space cannot be neglected: in other words, when the dynamics play a nontrivial role [11] and fluctuations are quite large and non-Gaussian [6, 7, 8, 24, 26]. In this contribution we consider a nonextensive JV-body classical Hamiltonian system, with infinite range interaction, the so-called Hamiltonian mean field (HMF) model, which has been intensively studied in the last several years [3, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19]. The out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the model exhibits a series of anomalies like negative specific heat, metastable states, vanishing Lyapunov exponents, and non-Gaussian velocity distributions. After a brief overview of these anomalies, we show how they can be interpreted in terms of nonextensive thermodynamics according to the present understanding.
Conference papers on the topic "Classical range succession model"
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Challa, Ravi, V. G. Idichandy, C. P. Vendhan, and Solomon Yim. "An Experimental Study on Rigid-Object Water-Entry Impact and Contact Dynamics." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20658.
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The dynamics of a generic rigid water-landing object (WLO) during water impact is presented in this paper. Tests from a range of drop heights were performed in a wave basin using a 1/6th-Froude scale model of a practical prototype using different drop mechanisms to determine the water impact and contact effects. The first experimental case involved dropping the WLO by using a rope and pulley arrangement, while the second case employed an electromagnetic release to drop the object. Hydrodynamic parameters including peak acceleration, touchdown pressure and maximum impact/contact force were measured using the two different drop mechanisms. The WLO was assumed as rigid, so the experimental results could be correlated with von Karman and Wagner closed form solutions and the maximum accelerations predicted are bounded by these classical analytical solutions. The major purpose of this study are to use the experiments to determine trends that occur when the object is dropped from successive heights using different drop mechanisms by varying the entry speed, angle of impact and the weight of the object. The predictions from the experimental results were used for subsequent numerical studies. Results from the drop tests show that the impact acceleration and touchdown pressure increases practically linearly with the increase in the height of the drop and the data provides conditions of drop mechanism that keep impact accelerations under specified limits for the WLO prototype.
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Timoshok, E. N. "Peculiarities of forming and functioning of the high-mountain forests of the Severo-Chuiskiy range (Central Altai)." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-38.
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Larch forests are most common in the modern high-mountain forests of the Altai. Some relic old-growth Siberian stone pine forests are ingrained to them. Our investigations are fetched out the modern Siberian stone pine forests is the final stage of post-fire succession but the reaching of the stage was possible only in periods with high precipitation levels. The cause which prevents forming of such forests in the modern period in a long time required for the succession as post-fire succession is developing by the inhibition model: successional predecessor species (larch) prevent colonization of successor species (Siberian stone pine) until the disturbance will damage the predecessor population. As a result reaching of the stone pine tree stage may require several hundred years. The fires are usually prevent reaching of this stage.
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Lopez, P., and Y. Bayazitoglu. "A Note on Modeling of Nano-Scale Thermal Flow via the Lattice Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89923.
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Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method models have been demonstrated to provide an accurate representation of the flow characteristics in rarefied flows. Conditions in such flows are characterized by the Knudsen number (Kn), defined as the ratio between the gas molecular Mean Free Path ( MFP, λ) and the device characteristic length (L). As the Knudsen number increases, the behavior of the flow near the walls is increasingly dominated by interactions between the gas molecules and the solid surface. Due to this, linear constitutive relations for shear stress and heat flux, which are assumed in the Navier-Stokes-Fourier (NSF) system of equations, are not valid within the Knudsen Layer (KL). Fig. 1 illustrates the characteristics of the velocity field within the Knudsen layer in a shear-driven flow. It is easily observed that although the NSF equations with slip flow boundary conditions (represented by dashed line) can predict the velocity profile in the bulk flow region, they fail to capture the flow characteristics inside the Knudsen layer. Slip flow boundary conditions have also been derived using the integral transform technique [1]. Various methods have been explored to extend the applicability of LB models to higher Knudsen number flows, including using higher order velocity sets, and using wall-distance functions to capture the effect of the walls on the mean free path by incorporating such functions on the determination of the local relaxation parameters. In this study, a high order velocity model which contains a two-dimensional, thirteen velocity direction set (e.g., D2Q13), as shown in Fig. 2, is used as the basis of the current LB model. The LB model consists of two independent distribution functions to simulate the density and temperature fields, while the Diffuse Scattering Boundary Condition (DSBC) method is used to simulate the fluid interaction with the walls. To further improve the characterization of transition flow conditions expected in nano-scale heat transfer, we explored the implementation of two wall-distance functions, derived recently based on an integrated form of a probability distribution function, to the high-order LB model. These functions are used to determine the effective mean free path values throughout the height of the micro/nano-channel, and the resulting effect is first normalized and then used to determine local relaxation times for both momentum and energy using a relationship based on the local Knudsen number. The two wall-distance functions are based on integral forms of 1) the classical probability distribution function, ψ(r) = λ0−1e−r/λ0, derived by Arlemark et al [2], in which λ0represents the reference gas mean free path, and 2) a Power-Law probability distribution function, derived by Dongari et al [3]. Thus, the probability that a molecule travels a distance between r and r+dr between two successive collisions is equal to ψ(r)dr. The general form of the integral of the two functions used can be described by ψ(r) = C − f(r), where f(r) represents the base function (exponential or Power Law), and C is set to 1 so that the probability that a molecule will travel a distance r+dr without a collision ranges from zero to 1. The performance of the present LB model coupled with the implementation of the two wall-distance functions is tested using two classical flow cases. The first case considered is that of isothermal, shear-driven Couette flow between two parallel, horizontal plates separated by a distance H, moving in opposite directions at a speed of U0. Fig. 3 shows the normalized velocity profiles across the micro-channel height for various Knudsen numbers in the transition flow regime based on our LB models as compared to data based on the Linearized Boltzmann equation [4]. The results show that our two LB models provide results that are in excellent agreement with the reference data up to the high end of the transition flow regime, with Knudsen numbers greater than 1. The second case is rarefied Fourier flow within horizontal, parallel plates, with the plates being stationary and set to a constant temperature (TTop > TBottom), and the Prandtl number is set to 0.67 to match the reference data based on the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method [5]. Fig. 4 shows the normalized temperature profiles across the microchannel height for various Knudsen numbers in the slip/transition How regime. For the entire Knudsen number range studied, our two LB models provide temperature profiles that are in excellent agreement with the non-linear profile seen in the reference data. The results obtained show that the effective MFP relationship based on the exponential function improves the results obtained with the high order LB model for both shear-driven and Fourier flows up to Kn∼1. The results also show that the effective MFP relationship based on the Power Law distribution function greatly enhances the results obtained with the high order LB model for the two cases addressed, up to Kn∼3. In conclusion, the resulting LB models represent an effective tool in modeling non-equilibrium gas flows expected within micro/nano-scale devices.
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Li, Minghao, Holly Freedman, David Dell’Angelo, and Gabriel Hanna. "A model platform for rapid, robust, directed, and long-range vibrational energy transport: Insights from a mixed quantum-classical study of a 1D molecular chain." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS (ICWOMAA 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5012286.
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Waldherr, Christian U., and Damian M. Vogt. "An Extension of the Classical Subset of Nominal Modes Method for the Model Order Reduction of Gyroscopic Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76742.
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In the structural dynamics design process of turbomachines, Coriolis effects are usually neglected. This assumption holds true if no pronounced interaction between the shaft and disk occurs or if the radial blade displacements are negligible. For classical rotordynamic investigations or for machines where the disk is comparatively thin or weak, Coriolis effects as well as centrifugal effects like stress stiffening and spin softening have to be taken into account. For the analysis of complex structures the finite element method is today the most commonly used modeling approach. To handle the numerical effort in such an analysis, the aim of the present work is the further development of an existing reduced order model, which also allows the consideration of Coriolis effects without the loss of accuracy for a wide range of rotational speeds. In addition to the investigation of the tuned design of the bladed disk using cyclic boundary conditions, the described method is also appropriate to investigate mistuning phenomena including Coriolis effects. Due to the fact that the computation time can be reduced by two orders of magnitude, the method also opens up the possibility for performing probabilistic mistuning investigations including Coriolis effects.
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Nielson, Andrew J., and Larry L. Howell. "Compliant Pantographs via the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/mech-5930.
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Abstract This paper uses a familiar classical mechanism, the pantograph, to demonstrate the utility of the pseudo-rigid-body model in the design of compliant mechanisms to replace rigid-link mechanisms, and to illustrate the advantages and limitations of the resulting compliant mechanisms. To demonstrate the increase in design flexibility, three different compliant mechanism configurations were developed for a single corresponding rigid-link mechanism. The rigid-link pantograph consisted of six links and seven joints, while the corresponding compliant mechanisms had no more than two links and three joints (a reduction of at least four links and four joints). A fourth compliant pantograph, corresponding to a rhomboid pantograph, was also designed and tested. The test results showed that the pseudo-rigid-body model predictions were accurate over a large range, and the mechanisms had displacement characteristics of rigid-link mechanisms in that range. The limitations of the compliant mechanisms included reduced range compared to their rigid-link counterparts. Also, the force-deflection characteristics were predicted by the pseudo-rigid-body model, but they did not resemble those for a rigid-link pantograph because of the energy storage in the flexible segments.
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Hansen, Hans Fabricius, and Henrik Kofoed-Hansen. "An Engineering-Model for Extreme Wave-Induced Loads on Monopile Foundations." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62317.
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An extension of the classical Wheeler’s method is here presented and validated. Just as the Wheeler’s method, it relies solely on the measurement of surface elevation in a point to make predictions of the wave induced loads. These measurements may be made in the field, but more often they will be generated in a laboratory wave basin. The classical Wheeler stretching plus Morison load model is augmented by a slamming load model for steep near-breaking and breaking waves, based on work published earlier by Nestegård et.al. (2004). The new model thereby spans the entire range from non-breaking waves to severely breaking overturning waves with a gradual transition. The model has been validated against surface elevations and wave loads measured in a laboratory wave tank and is found to reproduce wave load distributions over a range of sea state conditions well. Examples are given for typical design sea state conditions for offshore wind turbines at exposed locations in Northern Europe. The loads are compared to loads obtained using the stream function wave theory in combination with the Morison’s equation. The stream function wave theory loads are found to generally be lower than the loads predicted using the simple wave load model presented here. This is the case even for mildly non-linear non-breaking waves but becomes much more pronounced for steep near-breaking and breaking waves. Another striking feature of the comparison to regular wave theory is the different distribution of loads. The stream function loads below still water level are often higher than the loads from the simple model, but much lower than the simple load model loads above still water level.
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Diaconeasa, Mihai A., Ali Mosleh, Andrey Morozov, and Ann T. Tai. "Model-Based Resilience Assessment Framework for Autonomous Systems." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12288.
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Abstract While automation technologies advance faster than ever, gaps of resilience capabilities between autonomous and human-operated systems have not yet been identified and addressed appropriately. To date, there exists no generic framework for resilience assessment that is applicable to a broad spectrum of domains or able to take into account the impacts on mission-scenario-level resilience from system-specific attributes. In the proposed framework, resilience is meant to describe the ability of a system, in an open range of adverse scenarios, to maintain normal operating conditions or to recover from degraded or failed states in order to provide anticipated functions or services to achieve mission success. The term resilience is introduced in relation with classical terms such as fault, error, failure, fault-tolerance, reliability, and risk. The proposed model-based resilience assessment framework is based on a resilience ontology that enables the use of system models into reliability and risk models for transparent, persistent, and up-to-date modeling and quantification. A SysML profile and associated OWL ontology are defined to enable the use of a range of resilience mechanisms into the design and operation of a system.
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Galpayage Dona, Kalpani Nisansala Udeni, Jia Liu, Yuhao Qiang, E. Du, and A. W. C. Lau. "Electrical Equivalent Circuit Model of Sickle Cell." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70677.
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Mature red blood cell (RBC) consists of cytoplasm, mainly normal hemoglobin (HbA) within a plasma membrane. In sickle cell disease, abnormal sickle hemoglobin (HbS) molecule polymerizes and forms into rigid fibers at low oxygen tension, which contributes to variation in the biophysical properties of sickle cells from healthy RBCs. This paper presents an electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) model of sickle cell that considers the phase transition of oxy-HbS solution to deoxy-HbS polymers. Briefly, we model the oxy-HbS solution following healthy RBCs using a resistor and deoxy-HbS fibers as a capacitor. To validate the model, electrical impedance measurements of cell suspensions for normal RBCs and sickle cells are performed, using a multi-channel lock in amplifier in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 10 MHz in a customized microfluidic chamber. Quantitative measurements of the classical components of EEC model are extracted using the developed EEC sickle cell model, allowing us to better understand the biophysics of cell sickling event in sickle cell disease.
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Clavijo, Cristian E., Julie Crockett, and Daniel Maynes. "Analytical Model of Post-Impact Droplet Spreading on a Micro-Patterned Superhydrophobic Surface With Surface Slip." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21648.
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Several analytical models exist to predict droplet impact behavior on superhydrophobic surfaces. However, no previous model has rigorously considered the effect of surface slip on droplet spreading and recoiling that is inherent in many superhydrophobic surfaces. This paper presents an analytical model that takes into account surface slip at the solid-fluid interface during droplet deformation. The effects of slip are captured in terms that model the kinetic energy and viscous dissipation and are compared to a classical energy conservation model given by Attane et al. and experimental data from Pearson et al. A range of slip lengths, Weber numbers, Ohnesorge numbers, and contact angles are investigated to characterize the effects of slip over the entire range of realizable conditions. We find that surface slip does not influence normalized maximum spread diameter for low We but can cause a significant increase for We > 100. Surface slip affects dynamical parameters more profoundly for low Oh numbers (0.002–0.01). Normalized residence time and rebound velocity increase as slip increases for the same range of We and Oh. The influence of slip is more significantly manifested on normalized rebound velocity than normalized maximum spread diameter. Contact angles in the range of 150°–180° do not affect impact dynamics significantly.
Reports on the topic "Classical range succession model"
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.
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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).