Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Classical and postclassical languages'
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Wingren, Jakob. "“Bridging the Lonely Distances”: A Study of Metaphorical and Physical Voice in Don DeLillo’s The Names from the Perspective of Post-Classical Narratology." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21627.
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This paper explores narratology with a focus on metaphorical and physical voice in Don DeLillo’s 1982 novel, The Names. Beginning with an overview of previous criticism on the novel and an exploration of its post-modern qualities, I progress into a discussion of meaning, and how it can be found in the narratological voice. The concepts of semantic and vocal form of meaning are taken into consideration. Moreover, it is demonstrated how language in The Names is both representational and experiential.Analysing the novel both in print and in audiobook format, I study voice from the perspective of post-classical narratology. With the use of audionarratological theory, I illustrate how voice in The Names is transformed into an explicit and amplified presence when encountered in its audiobook form. In this context, ideological characteristics of the voice are explored, and I look at how they are semiotically communicated.Finally, since criticism of post-modern fiction usually focuses on representational and metafictional qualities of language, this paper advocates for future research on the experiential qualities of language and asks for this mindset to be applied when analysing post-modern fiction. It is illustrated how the experience of listening to an audiobook version can add to the interpretation of a printed work.
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Atzemoglou, George Philip. "Higher-order semantics for quantum programming languages with classical control." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9fdc4a26-cce3-48ed-bbab-d54c4917688f.
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This thesis studies the categorical formalisation of quantum computing, through the prism of type theory, in a three-tier process. The first stage of our investigation involves the creation of the dagger lambda calculus, a lambda calculus for dagger compact categories. Our second contribution lifts the expressive power of the dagger lambda calculus, to that of a quantum programming language, by adding classical control in the form of complementary classical structures and dualisers. Finally, our third contribution demonstrates how our lambda calculus can be applied to various well known problems in quantum computation: Quantum Key Distribution, the quantum Fourier transform, and the teleportation protocol.
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Alfozan, Abdulrahman Ibrahim. "Assimilation in classical Arabic : a phonological study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1144/.
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This thesis deals with the phenomenon of assimilation, a natural phonological process, in classical Arabic. It consists of three chapters: The first chapter of the thesis deals with the Arabic sounds in isolation: their points of articulation and manners of articulation with reference to the views of both Arab linguists and scholars of Tajw{=i}d. Secondary sounds, both accepted and rejected, are mentioned too. A brief discussion is devoted to the distinctive features, with particular reference to those that seem to have been described inaccurately by some early or modern linguists. The second chapter deals with the definition and different types of assimilation. The term idgh{= a}m, which has been rendered as `lq assimilation is, in fact, narrower in application than the English term; other topics and sub-topics in Arabic grammar that subsume aspects of assimilation are also discussed. The direction of assimilation, whether the influence comes regressively or progressively or in both directions is dealt with, with detailed examples, mostly from the Qur'{= a}n. A brief discussion of both complete and partial assimilation is given followed by a discussion of distant assimilation, with particular attention being given to the so called `lq al-Idgh{= a}m al-Kab{=i}r. The last sub-chapter here deals with the history of sound changes in Arabic. The third chapter is the main part of the thesis. It deals with Arabic sounds in combination. Consonants are discussed first, from two points of view: the occurrence or non-occurrence of certain consonants with each other within the same roots, and the influence of certain sounds upon others when these occur adjacently. Vowels are then discussed in detail, particularly with respect to the best-known phenomena associated with them: im{= a}lah, vowel harmony, lengthening and shortening, and tafkhim. Under im{= a}lah, we consider whether the alif al-im{= a}lah is an independent phoneme, a dialectal variant, or an allophone of the actual /= a/. When this alif is likely to occur and when it is likely to be inhibited is also seen. In the section on vowel harmony the question as to whether there is systematic harmony is confronted. In the section on lengthening and shortening, the circumstances in which these two phenomena occur are discussed, with particular attention to the over-lengthened vowels. Finally, alif at-tafkh{=i}m is investigated, to see whether this vowel /bar >/ is an independent phoneme, a dialectal variant, or an allophone of the actual /=a/.
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Lamberto, Katie Ann. "The power dynamics of sound in Dionysiac cult and myth." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3725944.
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A particular range of sounds express the presence and power of the god Dionysos. &Bgr;ϱóμιoς, an epithet almost exclusively applied to Dionysos, especially connotes powerful sounds from the natural world, frenetic sounds, and sounds construed as foreign. The kind of noise conveyed by the name &Bgr;ϱóμιoς is created in the ecstatic worship of Dionysos, generating an aurally-defined mobile and temporary Dionysiac space that blurs boundaries and infringes upon other types of spaces. Dionysiac sound conveys the vitality associated with Dionysos and provides a mechanism for his epiphany.
Accounting for Dionysos’ relationship with sound allows for new readings of Bacchae and Frogs. The aural aspects of Bacchae provide a counterpoint to its rich visual imagery. Pentheus threatens to silence Dionysos and remains oblivious to the importance of sound in Dionysiac worship. When he dresses as a maenad, he assumes only the visual aspects of the cult. Pentheus’ screams are incorporated into the Dionysiac soundscape before he dies, silenced forever. Aristophanes’ Frogs subverts the usual relationship between Dionysos and sound in a way that emphasizes the comical stereotype of the god as weak and incompetent. In particular, both choruses present Dionysiac sound to an oblivious Dionysos. He is irritated by the frogs and enthralled by the initiates.
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Johnson-Freyd, Philip. "Properties of Sequent-Calculus-Based Languages." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23191.
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Programmers don't just have to write programs, they are have to reason about them. Programming languages aren't just tools for instructing computers what to do, they are tools for reasoning. And, it isn't just programmers who reason about programs: compilers and other tools reason similarly as they transform from one language into another one, or as they optimize an inefficient program into a better one. Languages, both surface languages and intermediate ones, need therefore to be both efficiently implementable and to support effective logical reasoning. However, these goals often seem to be in conflict.
This dissertation studies programming language calculi inspired by the Curry-Howard correspondence, relating programming languages to proof systems. Our focus is on calculi corresponding logically to classical sequent calculus and connected computationally to abstract machines. We prove that these calculi have desirable properties to help bridge the gap between reasoning and implementation.
Firstly, we explore a persistent conflict between extensionality and effects for lazy functional programs that manifests in a loss of confluence. Building on prior work, we develop a new rewriting theory for lazy functions and control which we first prove corresponds to the desired equational theory and then prove, by way of reductions into a smaller system, to be confluent. Next, we turn to the inconsistency between weak-head normalization and extensionality. Using ideas from our study of confluence, we develop a new operational semantics and series of abstract machines for head reduction which show us how to retain weak-head reduction's ease of implementation.
After demonstrating the limitations of the above approach for call-by-value or types other than functions, we turn to typed calculi, showing how a type system can be used not only for mixing different kinds of data, but also different evaluation strategies in a single program. Building on variations of the reducibility candidates method such as biorthogonality and symmetric candidates, we present a uniform proof of strong normalization for our mixed-strategy system which works so long as all the strategies used satisfy criteria we isolate.
This dissertation includes previously published co-authored material.
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Mwepu, Patrick Kabeya. "Idéologie et esthétique littéraire dans l'Œvre d'Henri Lopes." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7902.
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Summary in English.|Bibliography: leaves 390-404.Henri Lopes, from Congo Brazzaville, is one of the most fully rounded writers in the field of modern African literature. This research is concerned with an analysis of the way in which the ideology, which he has embraced, has permeated all his work, with the result that he expresses an ongoing, unequivocal opposition to part of his own society, while it is in the midst of mutating from its traditional origins to a form of Western modernity.
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Margerison, Angus. "Le Français en Afrique du sud :étude portant sur la province du cap occidental." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9985.
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Includes bibliographical references.It is not unusual for a student to study French from secondary school to university level and still not be able to cornrnunicate effectively with a native speaker. In addition, for many years, apart from translation diplomas, the traditional Bachelor of Arts degree in French prepared students for little more an teaching the language. In South African universities, the introduction of courses in Business French is relatively recent. An individual might be motivated to learn a foreign language because of its aesthetic value or practical use. However, in South Africa, the decision to allocate state funds and school-learning hours towards the promotion and teaching of a foreign language has deeper implications, particularly when there are eleven official languages competing for recognition. In India in early 1900, Michael West had attempted to establish why Indian people should learn English ("in order to read") and how they should learn English ("through reading"). Abbot (1981: 12) called this random teaching of a foreign language "TENOR (teaching English for no obvious reason)". Similarly, the question as to why South Africans should be taught French or) any other foreign language needs to be answered. If not, we risk falling into he same trap as "TENOR" except in this case we will be teaching French for no apparent reason. While the purpose of this research is not to discredit those students who desire to learn French for personal reasons, the main argument presented in this thesis is based on whether South Africans should learn French in order to trade more effectively with Francophone countries. Combining qualitative and quantitative research, preliminary conclusions indicate that an in-depth cost and benefits analysis might prove the link: French language acquisition with economic expansion. However, within the limitations of this research, there is insufficient justification for the allocation of state funding for foreign language acquisition over and above the need for other mainstrearn school disciplines. A more viable solution would be to train and to empploy South Africa's new language resource, that of the Francophone refugees currently living in the country, assuming that they are willing to remain in this country.
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Bentley, Gillian Granville. "Post-classical performance culture and the Ancient Greek novel." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/postclassical-performance-culture-and-the-ancient-greek-novel(a9f2b1a7-b48d-4686-9f99-62fadb0422bd).html.
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Scholars have focused mainly on the sophisticated and specifically literary elements of the novel, revealing a staggering amount of intertextual traffic between the novels and canonical authors from Homer to Herodotus to Plato to Menander. While this (very successful) endeavour has raised the value of the novels’ ‘cultural capital’, it has generally neglected another important aspect of the genre—the so-called ‘low’, ‘sub-literary’ influences on the novels. No work of art exists in a cultural vacuum—as work on intertextuality has shown, novelists like Achilles Tatius and Chariton were familiar with not only Homer and Plato but with contemporary intellectual culture. It seems more than possible that their knowledge would have extended beyond the textual and into the performance culture of the time. The principle concern of my thesis is the question of why the novel is so performative and theatrical. I explore the performance culture influences on three ancient Greek novels—the Callirhoe of Chariton of Aphrodisias, Leucippe and Clitophon of Achilles Tatius, and the Aethiopica of Heliodorus. Each novel makes use of ‘theatre’ metaphorically but also practically and narratologically. The impact of performance culture extends beyond the influence of scripted literary dramatic texts and engages with the broader forms of performance—from mime and pantomime to public speaking. I demonstrate that ‘sub-literary’ performance serves as vibrant, important dialogic partner for the novels, a voice to be heard among the medley of other ‘languages’ (Bahktin’s heteroglossia), if we but listen. By no means do I reveal any uncontaminated evidence for mime or pantomime within the novels, but multiply filtered reflections of popular performance traditions. I suggest that the novel authors composed with performance models in mind or with a sustained, explicit dialectic with performative intertexts.
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Sharland, Suzanne Jane. "Horace in dialogue : a Bakhtinian study of speakers, interlocutors, addressees and audiences in the moralising satires of horace sermones books one and two." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7824.
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Bibliography: leaves 320-347.This thesis examines a selection of poems from both books of Horace's Satires against a backdrop of the dialogic theoretical system conceptualised by the Russian thinker Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (1895-1975). The thesis proposes examining Horatian satire or sermo, as Horace himself termed his genre, as the 'conversation' that this name implies it is. Bakhtin himself observed that Horace's Satires were one of the works that could be considered ancient forebears of modern novelistic dialogic discourse, although he failed to elaborate on this. The thesis takes its cue from here, and seeks to explore the ways in which Bakhtinian theory can elucidate the many dialogic facets of the Satires of Horace.
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Yung, Lawrence Kwan-chee. "The China which is here : translating classical Chinese poetry." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36378/.
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The thesis proposes to address how the tradition of translating Chinese poetry in the English speaking world developed in the early twentieth century and has continued. Problems relating to this issue, such as the great change in poetics and intellectual atmosphere since 1915 when Cathay appeared, its impact on the translation of Chinese poetry, and the universe of discourse of the two cultures involved, those of the Chinese and the English speaking world, as well as the constraints of the target system on the translations, will also be discussed. The introduction provides an overview of the poetics that valued traditional metres at the turn of the century, and applies polysystem theory to explain the lack of enthusiasm for translations of classical Chinese poetry before 1915. Chapter 2 discusses the constraints of language, the poetics and universe of discourse in the target system, suggesting that these constraints handicapped the widespread transfer of classical Chinese poetry before 1915. Chapter 3 examines xing, the poetic device in Chinese poetry that emphasizes the poet's spontaneous response to nature and the merging of scene and feeling. The very nature of xing defies any attempt to make it explicit. The chapter is divided into two parts, discussing xing in the encoding and decoding process respectively. Readerresponse criticism and phenomenology are also incorporated in the discussions. The chapter is followed by an analysis of various attempts to translate poems that are presented with zing in Chapter 4, which shows that there is a tendency on the part of some translators to add logical links between the scene and the feelings expressed. Chapter 5 looks at the translation strategies of Arthur Waley, investigating the traditions of translating classical Chinese poetry that he has helped to build up. The kind of smooth grammatical lines he uses and the Chineseness he conveys have had great influence on subsequent translators. Chapter 6 studies Ezra Pound, with special focus on his innovative work Cathay, and his juxtaposition techniques. Chapter 7 studies Kenneth Rexroth's translations of Du Fu, while Chapter 8 examines Gary Snyder's translations of Cold Mountain. The vehicle of translating Chinese poetry in general-- language and poetics-- was close to that of modern poetry in the target culture. Chapter 9, the conclusion, asserts that various strategies are adopted for various purposes. It tries to place the position of the translators discussed in a polysystem context. In the target system, poems are appreciated more for their charm than their being supposedly faithful to an original. The image of China created through translators remains distant. To the reader in the West, China is always far out "there," not here.
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Scarborough, Julia Crosser. "The Silent Shepherd: Pastoral as a Tragic Strategy in Virgil's Aeneid." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11611.
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Virgil's Aeneid departs from his earlier pastoral poetry in featuring herdsmen as agents of violence. His Eclogues characterize herdsmen as musicians who are helpless against the violence of outsiders. In the Aeneid, in contrast, herdsmen both unwittingly catalyze and deliberately take part in acts of war; they never make music. In similes in the epic, the hero Aeneas is compared to a herdsman engaged in activities that are not typically pastoral. Partial studies of pastoral elements in the epic have focused on evaluating Aeneas in moral or political terms or on the aesthetic function of pastoral motifs in "reducing" the subject matter of heroic epic to an Alexandrian scale. I take a different approach, examining pastoral motifs in the Aeneid in relation to Greek models in epic and tragedy. The tragedians regularly use pastoral figures, language, landscapes, and music to set up ironic contrasts between peace and its violation. Identifying this tragic use of pastoral offers insight into Virgil's strategy of intensifying the shocking effect of violence by juxtaposing it with images of pastoral peace. Virgil develops the tragic ambiguity of characters, landscapes, and musical language with pastoral associations to express the underlying tragic tension between Aeneas' constructive aims as a leader and his inevitably destructive methods.The Classics
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Belz, Elisabeth Helen Rosemarie. "Styles and Themes Supporting a Feminist Perspective in 'Verfuehrungen.' by Marlene Streeruwitz." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05302008-131609/.
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This paper discusses the themes and styles Marlene Streeruwitz uses to support a feminist perspective. The themes discussed are silence, motherhood, oppression, and the body. Streeruwitz's text brings the historical and contemporary silence of women to light and exposes personal and social oppression. By including aspects of women's lives, such as the role of mother, Streeruwitz provides a new literary perspective of women. This is further enhanced by the text's insight into the physical aspects of womanhood. Finally, Streeruwitz's writing style, which is characterized by minimalistic sentence structures and phrases, as well as unusual punctuation, endorses a form of writing that is more representative of women's experiences in opposition to the vast history of literature formed from the male's perspective in a patriarchal society.
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Mottram, Robert Earl. "Material and Social Relations in Friedrich von Hardenberg's Heinrich von Afterdingen." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06172008-150908/.
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In an attempt to widen interpretations, this study first explores the myths associated with Friedrich von Hardenberg, commonly known as Novalis, which have resulted in the neglect of material interpretations of his works. After an introduction to Hardenberg's theory of the Self and Karl Marx's theory of alienation, an analysis of Hardenberg's most widely read work, Heinrich von Afterdingen, demonstrates how Hardenberg was as concerned with the material and the social relations among human beings and their labor as he was with their spiritual endeavors. The self-development of Heinrich, the main character in Afterdingen, is chronicled in this study with special attention given to his material existence as well as the material existence of the people he encounters. This study demonstrates that Afterdingen can be read as a handbook for the development of the Self according to the theories of Hardenberg and Marx, in which the Self cannot favor the spiritual realm, or inner existence, at the expense of its material and social relations. Rather, these two spheres are both important for full self-development.
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Chandler, Clive. "Philodemus on Rhetoric books 1 and 2 : translation and exegetical essays." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10252.
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Bibliography: leaves 227-237.This thesis attempts to elucidate Philodemus' approach to one aspect of paideia, that of rhetoric as treated in the first two books of his On Rhetoric, and to account for this approach within the broader tradition of Epicurean thiking on this discipline. As a preliminary to the investigation of this topic a complete English translation is provided of the most recent edition of the text (Longo Auricchio [1977]). The subsequent study takes the form of series of three essays which seek to clarify Philodemus' conception of the problem and through a close reading, to provide an exegetical commentary on the most important features of Philodemus' approach, especially the way he manages citations from the works of the Founders of Epicureanism in support of his own views.
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Rainsberg, Bethany Rose Banister. "Rewriting the Greeks: The Translations, Adaptations, Distant Relatives and Productions of Aeschylus’ Tragedies in the United States of America from 1900 to 2009." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274473610.
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Wright, Mark B. "The Liber Amicus: Studies in Horace Sermones I." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406208303.
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Harrison, Elizabeth Anne. "Instructional choices of Mississippi foreign language teachers." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11082006-165055.
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Guvelioglu, Recep. "The Practice Of Pr In The Public Sector, The Case Of Turkish Airlines: A Critical Appraisal." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607817/index.pdf.
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This study starts with the explanations of importance, principles, management stages,
targets and tools of public relations in general and gives detailed information on its
theoretical base. The first two chapters are designated to provide detailed information
about public relations. In the third chapter the evaluation of public relations in the
public sector which is the main goal of the research is presented. It is obvious that
public relations is a management function which creates a mutual understanding
between the corporation and its publics or audience. But this isnÕt the case all of the time in the public sector. THY is taken as a case in order to provide clear examples of the mentality and practices in public relations in the public sector. The detailed information about the corporation and its public relations units are given to explain the PR activities of the corporation. THY as a state economic corporation, has a socially responsible approach in its service
on the other hand, it is a profit-making entity as well. From the number of assigned personnel to the sub-structural matters and the principles of promotional activities, THY administrationÕ
s approach to public relations is evaluated in this study. v In the selected year of 2003, THY administration was at the edge of changing mentality in public relations issues. Three cases such as the Diyarbak&
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r plane crash, SARS crisis and the starting flights to New Delhi are taken to explain the traditional mentality and the new business like mentality in public relations. The public relations in THY is compared with British Airways and Lufthansa in their websites.
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Vendel, Agnes. "Discontinuous Noun Phrases in Classical Latin Prose : A Case Study of Cicero's Pro Milone." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-163275.
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Studies on the phenomenon of hyperbaton (or discontinuous noun phrases) in Latin have traditionally suffered from over-generalizing descriptions and categorizations drawing on examples from a variety of sources. This thesis attempts a different approach, closely examining the totality of instances in a single text, Cicero’s Pro Milone, in view of establishing a preliminary typology and to investigate the motivations behind it. It also consistently compares the discontinuous data with continuous examples, in order to rule out as many alternative motivations as possible. The results suggest that the discursive value of the components is crucial for whether hyperbaton occurs or not: in particular a combination of a pragmatic function (Topic or Focus) and Contrast, and connects this to some recent theoretical proposals.
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Roussou, Stephanie. "Pseudo-Arcadius' Epitome of Herodian's Περὶ καθολικῆς προσῳδίας : with a critical edition and notes on Books 1-8." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:235409a4-7f6c-4495-83b3-41f8291f46d4.
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This thesis is a new edition of the Preface and Books 1-8 of Pseudo-Arcadius’ Epitome of Herodian’s Περὶ καθολικῆς προσῳδίας. It includes an introduction, critical apparatus, apparatus of parallel passages and notes on the text, and is intended as a contribution to modern Herodianic studies. Most of our knowledge of Greek accentuation is due to Herodian’s lost Περὶ καθολικῆς προσῳδίας. The main sources for this work, an epitome misattributed to Arcadius and another by John Philoponus, do not have modern critical editions. Lentz’s only collected edition of Herodian’s works (1867-70) is difficult to work with, because Lentz attempts to reconstruct Herodian’s work rather than to lay out the surviving evidence. The new critical edition of Pseudo-Arcadius’ Epitome is a response to the need for new and separate editions of the sources for the Περὶ καθολικῆς προσῳδίας. A new edition of this text is important because the previous two editions (Barker 1820, Schmidt 1860) have many weaknesses; neither editor examined all the surviving manuscripts, and they did not read the manuscripts themselves but used copies made by other people. My new examination of all the surviving manuscripts, excepting some very late and uncontroversially derivative manuscripts, comes to a new conclusion about their interrelations. The two manuscripts which I am the first to employ turn out to be the only non-derivative manuscripts, and therefore by far the most important. They enable us to improve the text significantly. My introduction includes a substantial new evaluation of the interpolated or doubtful sections in the epitome, whose study is impeded by confusion as to their date and relationships to other works. It also discusses the authorship of this epitome, and its grammatical terminology and concepts. Another innovation is the apparatus of parallel passages. The collection of other texts that have derived material from Herodian shows the extent of Herodian’s influence on later grammatical texts. The parallel passages, as witnesses to Herodian’s text in some form, often enable us to correct the text of Pseudo-Arcadius’ Epitome. A further contribution of my thesis consists of the commentary, which discusses corrupt passages, features of the text that have never been explained before, and places where specific details of the epitomator’s methods can be identified. The commentary also provides argumentation supporting decisions taken in editing the text, and other helpful information for the understanding of the text.
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Kritz, Hanna. "Nadrat al-afaq fi jaza'ir al-waqwaq : At the border of knowledge in classical Arabic literature." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42480.
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'Waqwaq' is something that is often attested in classical Arabic literature and that does not always refer to the same thing. In some cases it can be an island or even more than one. Sometimes it is a piece of land, sometimes a tree, sometimes a group of people and sometimes a bird. Waqwaq is for example found in medieval Arabic geographical texts that claims to describe the inhabited world and the end of it, which varied a lot. Today we have a geographical end to the world we live in. We know how far we can travel and we more or less know what we are going to find. But how was it in the Arabic speaking world during the Middle Ages? Where was the end of the world located and what was to be found there? This Magister's Thesis is about finding the characteristics for the Arabic geographical myth through waqwaq as a case study.
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Francès, Guillem. "Effective planning with expressive languages." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456319.
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Classical planning is concerned with finding sequences of actions that achieve a certain
goal from an initial state of the world, assuming that actions are deterministic,
states are fully known, and both are described in some modeling language. This work
develops effective means of dealing with expressive modeling languages for classical
planning. First, we show that expressive languages not only allow simpler problem
representations, but also capture additional problem structure that can be leveraged
by heuristic solution methods. We develop heuristics that support functions and
existential quantification in the problem definition, and show empirically that they
can be more informed and cost-effective. Second, we develop a novel width-based
algorithm that matches state-of-the-art performance without looking at the declarative
representation of actions. This is a significant departure from previous research,
and advances the use of expressive modeling languages in planning and the scope
and effectiveness of classical planners.La planificació clàssica consisteix en trobar una seqüència d’accions que meni d’un cert estat inicial fins a un estat desitjat, on les accions són deterministes, els estats perfectament coneguts, i ambdós elements són descrits en algun llenguatge formal. En aquest treball desenvolupem mitjans efectius de tractar amb llenguatges expressius de planificació clàssica. Primer, mostrem que un llenguatge més expressiu no només permet obtenir representacions compactes, sinó que permet capturar també estructura del problema aprofitable mitjançant mètodes heuristics, desenvolupem heurístiques que suporten funcions i quantificació existencial en la definició del problema, i demostrem empíricament que poden ser més informades i efectives. En segon lloc, desenvolupem un nou algorisme que ofereix rendiment similar a l’estat de l’art sense necessitat de cap representació declarativa de les accions. Això suposa una innovació significativa respecte a la recerca anterior, i un avenç en l’ús de llenguatges expressius i en l’abast i efectivitat dels planificadors clàssics.
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Ghūl, Maḥmūd Alī Al-Ghul Omar. "Early southern Arabian languages and classical Arabic sources a critical examination of literary and lexicographical sources by comparison with the inscriptions /." Irbid, Jordan : Yarmouk University Publications, Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies, 1993. http://books.google.com/books?id=42tjAAAAMAAJ.
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Кобяков, Олександр Миколайович, Александр Николаевич Кобяков, Oleksandr Mykolaiovych Kobiakov, and В. Степанов. "Класичні мови в світлі філологічної парадигматики." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40057.
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Навчати вчитися – це принцип, лейтмотив і фундаментальна мета будь-якої вищої освіти. Це відомо кожному критично талановитому читачеві. Дана тема може здатися дещо банальною, але шалений темп нашого сьогодення, коли життя спільноти дедалі вкорінюється у внутрішньому єстві людини, психічний стан індивідууму стає загрозливим суспільним чинником вселенських розмірів.
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Piantanida, Cecilia. "Classical lyricism in Italian and North American 20th-century poetry." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4422c01a-ba88-4fe0-a21f-4804e4c610ce.
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This thesis defines ‘classical lyricism’ as any mode of appropriation of Greek and Latin monodic lyric whereby a poet may develop a wider discourse on poetry. Assuming classical lyricism as an internal category of enquiry, my thesis investigates the presence of Sappho and Catullus as lyric archetypes in Italian and North American poetry of the 20th century. The analysis concentrates on translations and appropriations of Sappho and Catullus in four case studies: Giovanni Pascoli (1855-1912) and Salvatore Quasimodo (1901-1968) in Italy; Ezra Pound (1885-1972) and Anne Carson (b. 1950) in North America. I first trace the poetic reception of Sappho and Catullus in the oeuvres of the four authors separately. I define and evaluate the role of the respective appropriations within each author’s work and poetics. I then contextualise the four case studies within the Italian and North American literary histories. Finally, through the new outlook afforded by the comparative angle of this thesis, I uncover some of the hidden threads connecting the different types of classical lyricism transnationally. The thesis shows that the course of classical lyricism takes two opposite aesthetic directions in Italy and in North America. Moreover, despite the two aesthetic trajectories diverging, I demonstrate that the four poets’ appropriations of Sappho and Catullus share certain topical characteristics. Three out of four types of classical lyricism are defined by a preference for Sappho’s and Catullus’ lyrics which deal with marriage rituals and defloration, patterns of death and rebirth, and solar myths. They stand out as the epiphenomena of the poets’ interest in the anthropological foundations of the lyric, which is grounded in a philosophical function associated with poetry as a quest for knowledge. I therefore ultimately propose that ‘classical lyricism’ may be considered as an independent historical and interpretative category of the classical legacy.
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Caswell, Fuad Matthew. "The Qiyan in the early Abbasid period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:07aceede-1eff-429b-83e6-2c2d5c60f9d0.
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The thesis deals with the legal status of the qiȳan as slaves in Islam; describes their nationalities, education and training as singers, instrumentalists and versifiers. It considers their place in the cultural life of the host society. A substantial part of their poetry with particular attention to some of the leading figures is reproduced in translation. A review of that poetry is included, showing the bulk of it to consist of clever epigrams exchanged in public or semi-public maj̄alis, bearing the hallmark of virtuosity and social jousting or party games. Another theme is that the introduction of the qiȳan into the Abbasid cultural life led to the development of elegiac-erotic poetry. A parallel review of the musical scene, with special reference to some leading exponents, shows the influence of the qiȳan in the development of new “popular”, unconventional styles of singing. The institution of the qiȳan in all its artistic manifestations is viewed as essentially a business catering for men in pursuit of pleasure: caliphs, aristocrats and, most commonly, the class of cultured well-to-do chancery scribes. The bulk of the poetry which the established men poets composed in praise of the qiȳan is seen as publicity material, and substantially produced to commission. The effect of the qiȳan on the free-born women of their age, as well as historically, is considered; and some comparison is drawn between them as poets and singers. By way of further comparison the geisha and the hetaira of Ancient Greece are alluded to. A chapter is devoted to the decline and fall of the qiȳan institution in the East and its partial transfer to Arab Spain.
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Wenzel, Aaron Walter. "Pots of Honey and Dead Philosophers: The Ideal of Athens in the Roman Empire." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243876996.
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Brandt, Lindsey. "The Elusive "Poem of the World": The Task of the Reader and the Problem of Knowledge in Heinrich von Kleist's Novellas "Die Marquise von O..." and "Das Erdbeben in Chili"." The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06222009-143532/.
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The literary works of Heinrich von Kleist (17771811) have long been an important influence on thinkers and writers interested and engaged in the German cultural tradition, particularly due to the enigmatic and highly problematic nature of his narrative approach. In recent years, however, there has been a notable surge of interest in Kleists works, which has led to the production of several articles, papers, and even entire conference panels dedicated to the investigation of his oeuvre from various angles. Why does Kleist still fascinate his readers so much, and what is it about his texts that allow for such a large and varied body of interpretation? In this thesis, I will argue that it is crucial to examine closely the interface of text and reader when analyzing Kleists novellas, specifically "Die Marquise von O" and "Das Erdbeben in Chili." I will then attempt to establish a link between Kleists unique reaction to the philosophical debates concerning epistemology and aesthetics that were taking place during his short lifetime and the experience of the reader when confronting Kleists texts. I will examine these questions first with the aid of narratology and reader-response theory, particularly by examining the issues of closure and focalization in the two narratives. Furthermore, I will illustrate how a narratological/reader-response approach to Kleists work can also inform a feminist critical approach and, likewise, how a feminist analysis can complement the former. In the final chapter, I will conduct a feminist analysis, focusing on both form and content in the two novellas to show how Kleists work both structurally and thematically challenges male Enlightenment values such as order and logic. These analyses ultimately illustrate how Kleist displaced the philosophical questions with which he was grappling into the realm of the text-reader interface, thus emulating and illuminating with this relationship the selfs quest for knowledge and meaning in the world.
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Paule, Maxwell Teitel. "Canidia: A Literary Analysis of Horace's Witch." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343685076.
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Fonseca, Jassyara Conrado Lyra da. "Figuras carnavalizadas na 'Cena Trimalchionis', de Petrônio e em Trimalchio, de F. Scott Fitzgerald /." Araraquara, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151127.
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Orientador: Márcio ThamosBanca: Maria Clara Bonetti Paro
Banca: Cláudio Aquati
Banca: Álvaro Luiz Hattnher
Banca: Elaine Cristina Prado dos Santos
Resumo: Esta pesquisa desenvolve-se em torno da análise comparada das obras "Cena Trimalchionis" - ou "O Banquete de Trimalquião" - episódio inserido no Satyricon, de Petrônio (? -65d. C.) e Trimalchio, uma primeira versão da obra The Great Gatsby, de F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940). A aproximação dos textos é feita pelo narrador de Trimalchio que compara Gatsby a Trimalquião, e acentua-se no título dado à versão publicada em 2000, que declara o caráter intertextual da narrativa, que aqui será pensado com Julia Kristeva (1974). Partimos dessa relação para a observação de um tema comum às duas obras: o da carnavalização, desenvolvido por Bakhtin (1981;1986;1993). A partir da investigação de aspectos típicos do carnaval encontramos similaridades na composição de personagens e cenários e estudamos tal composição por meio de figuras que vemos repetidas na duas obras. Para o estudo dessas figuras nos valemos da teoria semiótica da figuratividade, seguindo, principalmente, os preceitos de Bertrand (2003), apoiando-nos também nas análises de Fiorin (2014). A inovadora obra de Petrônio desafia os estudiosos na classificação de seu gênero, todavia é possível observar importantes características da sátira menipeia, o que ratifica o caráter carnavalizado da narrativa. O romance de Fitzgerald, inegavelmente autônomo, ganha um novo realce ao dialogar com o texto latino.
Abstract: This research develops around the comparative analysis of the piece "Cena Trimalchionis" - or "Trimalchio's Feast", episode inserted in Petronius' (?-65d.C.) Satyricon; and Trimalchio, a first version of the novel The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940). The parallel between the texts is made by the narrator of Trimalchio who compares Gatsby to Trimalchio, and is emphasized in the title given to the version published in 2000, which declares the intertextual character of the narrative, which will be thought here with Julia Kristeva (1974). We start from this relation for the observation of a theme common to both works: the one of carnivalization on literature, developed by Bakhtin (1981, 1986, 1993). From the investigation of typical aspects of carnival we find similarities in the composition of characters and scenarios and study this composition through figures that we see repeated in both works. For the study of these figures we use the semiotic theory of figurativity, following mainly the precepts of Bertrand (2003), also supporting this research in the analyzes of Fiorin (2014). The innovative work of Petronius challenges the scholars in the classification of its genre, however it is possible to observe important characteristics of the menippean satire, which confirms the carnavalized disposition of the narrative. Fitzgerald's novel, undoubtedly autonomous, gains a new accent when dialoguing with the Latin text.
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Kruse, Marion Woodrow III. "The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1436456307.
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Marshall, Laura Ann. "Uncharted Territory: Receptions of Philosophy in Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu150330016014072.
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Rigolio, Alberto. "Beyond schools and monasteries : literate education in Late Roman Syria (350-450 AD)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:85ff7460-1425-418e-8718-652473a371e6.
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The subject of the present work is the provision of higher literate education in late Roman Syria (c. 350 - c. 450). The difference that Christianity made to literate education has always been in danger of being explained with the introduction and the development of a new kind of instruction provided in monasteries. A rigid dichotomy between secular schools and Christian monasteries, however, finds limited validation in our sources for literate education. While early Christian literature often presented monasteries as providers of education, documentary evidence offers a more blurred picture. On the one hand, studentsʼ papyri show the penetration of Christianity into schools, and, on the other, secular instructional texts have been found in the excavations of early monasteries in Egypt. This thesis presents a neglected corpus of Christian instructional texts that call into question an oppositional understanding of scholastic and monastic education in the Syrian region during late Antiquity. The corpus consists of the Syriac translations of six literary pieces by (or attributed to) Plutarch, Lucian, and Themistius that bring together features of rhetorical education with an interest in Christian asceticism (ch. 2). While the contents and the transmission of the Syriac translations reveal the link to Christianity and Christian ascetic practice (ch. 3), the textual form and the choice of the texts unearths the underlying connection to traditional literate education (ch. 4). These documents, which will be put in relation to instructional literature composed in Greek, Latin, and Syriac in the same period, challenge the existence of a neat line dividing scholastic and monastic education in the Syrian region during late Antiquity. A fresh analysis that is not constrained by a preconceived model of monastic instruction better accounts for the involvement of early Christian leaders in higher education and prompts a new investigation of their conduct on the social scene. Their agency now appears much closer to that of their non-Christian counterparts, sophists in primis, and raises the broader question of the extent to which they owed their considerable success to the implementation of strategies ultimately derived from the world of professional paideia.
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Billings, Joshua Henry. "The theory of tragedy in Germany around 1800 : a genealogy of the tragic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:de67c4ef-2ddc-4a7a-8177-c55602c401f9.
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The thesis focuses on the theory of tragedy in Germany around 1800, and has two primary aims: to demonstrate the importance of idealist thought for contemporary approaches to tragedy and the tragic; and to revise the intellectual historiography of the classic phase in German letters. It traces reflection on Greek tragedy from the Querelle des anciens et des modernes in France around 1700 through the aesthetic systems formulated in Germany around 1800. Two intellectual developments are emphasized: the historicist consciousness that develops throughout the eighteenth century and places Greek tragedy more radically in its cultural context than ever before; and the idealist philosophy of art, which seeks to restore a measure of universality to the ancient genre, seeing it as the manifestation of a timeless quality of ‘the tragic.’ These two impulses, historicizing and universalizing, it is argued, are fundamental to modern understanding of Greek tragedy. The genealogical method seeks to establish a greater continuity with earlier eighteenth-century thought than is generally recognized, and to refute the teleologies that dominate accounts of idealist thought. A reconstruction of the central texts of Schiller, Schelling, Hegel, and Hölderlin reveals that the theory of tragedy around 1800 is in large part a reflection on history, an effort to understand how ancient literature can be meaningful in modernity. Greek tragedy becomes the ground for an engagement with the pastness of antiquity and its possible presence. Idealist theories, far from dissolving particularity in abstraction, seek a mediation between philological historicism and philosophical universalism in considering Greek tragedy. A genealogy of the tragic suggests that such mediation remains a vital task for scholars of the Classics.
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Geisz, Camille H. "Storytelling in late antique epic : a study of the narrator in Nonnus of Panopolis' Dionysiaca." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7b323af8-0512-407e-8aed-a0a7970a49ef.
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This thesis is a narratological study of Nonnus of Panopolis' Dionysiaca, focussing on the figure of the narrator whose interventions reveal much about his relationship to his predecessors and his own conception of story-telling. Although he presents himself as a follower of Homer, whom he mentions by name in his poem, the Dionysiaca are clearly influenced by a much wider range of sources of inspiration. The study of narratological interventions brings to light the narrator's relationship with Homer, between imitation and innovation. The way he renews and transforms epic narratorial devices attests to his literary skills as he strives for ποικιλία in his poem. His interventions hint at sources of inspiration other than Homer, such as lyric poetry, historiography, and didactic epic. Another innovation is the way the narrator intervenes not to draw the narratee's attention to the contents of his text, but to underline his own role as story-teller. Some interventions signal a change in tone or the integration of another genre; the expected proems and invocations to the Muse become spaces for a display of ingeniousness, a discussion of the sources and a reflection on the role of the poet. The efforts made by the Nonnian narrator to renew well known devices also denotes his mindfulness of his narratee, whom he involves in the story through metaleptic devices, or by drawing on a shared cultural background to enhance the narrative with allusions to extradiegetic references. The study of narratorial interventions proves that the Dionysiaca were not written only in an attempt to recreate a Homeric epic, but are a compendium of influences, genres, and myths, encompassing the influence of a thousand years of Greek literature.
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Kennedy, Scott Kennedy. "How to write history: Thucydides and Herodotus in the ancient rhetorical tradition." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523138844396422.
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Trott, Daniel. "Tense and aspect in Old Japanese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:127733e2-fc21-460f-afab-f19f6d4b373a.
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This thesis analyses the nine main tense–aspect constructions in Old Japanese in more detail than ever before, exploiting the research possibilities created by the Oxford Corpus of Old Japanese. The commitment to close textual reading and the interpretation of examples in context that is characteristic of traditional Japanese scholarship is combined with a determination to explain the distributional data revealed by the Corpus. Large samples are used to produce quantitative semantic analyses, allowing a new perspective on multifunctional constructions from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. All findings are placed within the wider perspective of cross-linguistic studies of tense and aspect, an approach often missing in Old Japanese scholarship. This thesis is the most comprehensive analysis of Old Japanese tense and aspect to date. Some traditional conclusions are challenged, and light is shed on many previously unexplained phenomena. Resultative constructions are discovered to be even more pervasive in Japanese than previously thought, with at least five of the nine con-structions I look at hypothesized to have begun as resultative constructions. In most cases these constructions have broadened to also denote ongoing activities, another characteristic of Japanese. This thesis thereby contributes to the cross-linguistic understanding of resultative constructions, and to the question of the validity and nature of the distinction between activities and states. It also shows the potential of an exemplar-based model of linguistic storage, which is seen to be a powerful tool for explaining both the multifunctionality of grammatical constructions and semantic change.
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Raye, Lee. "The forgotten beasts in medieval Britain : a study of extinct fauna in medieval sources." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/93165/.
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This thesis identifies and discusses historical and literary sources describing four species in the process of reintroduction: lynx (Lynx lynx), large whale (esp. Eubalena glacialis), beaver (Castor fiber) and crane (Grus grus). The scope includes medieval and early modern texts in English, Latin, and Welsh written in Britain before the species went extinct. The aims for each species are: (i) to reconstruct the medieval cultural memory; (ii) to contribute a cohesive extinction narrative; and (iii) to catalogue and provide an eco-sensitive reading of the main historical and literary references. Each chapter focuses on a different species: 1. The chapter on lynxes examines some new early references to the lynx and argues that the species became extinct in south Britain c.900 AD. Some hard-to-reconcile seventeenth century Scottish accounts are also explored. 2. The chapter on whales attributes the beginning of whale hunting to the ninth century in Britain, corresponding with the fish event horizon; but suggests a professional whaling industry only existed from the late medieval period. 3. The chapter on beavers identifies extinction dates based on the increasingly confused literary references to the beaver after c.1300 in south Britain and after c.1600 in Scotland, and the increase in fur importation. 4. The chapter on cranes emphasises the mixed perception of the crane throughout the medieval and early modern period. Cranes were simultaneously depicted as courtly falconers’ birds, greedy gluttons, and vigilant soldiers. More generally, the thesis considers the levels of reliability between eyewitness accounts and animal metaphors. It examines the process of ‘redelimitation’ which is triggered by population decline, whereby nomenclature and concepts attached to one species become transferred to another. Finally, it emphasises geographical determinism: species generally become extinct in south Britain centuries before Scotland.
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Reuter, Victoria. "Penelope differently : feminist re-visions of myth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4f1ffe10-d690-441d-8726-7fe1df896cb4.
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This thesis examines feminist rewritings of the Penelope myth and the intersections between poetry, myth, and feminist theory. The theoretical framework develops from Rosi Braidotti’s theory of memory and subjectivity which has its roots in the work of Michel Foucault. In Braidotti’s understanding, subjectivity is constructed through narratives of the past including myth. In order to support new, minority, and dissident subjectivities, a re-remembering of mythical narratives needs to happen. This process is linked to Judith Butler’s recent work on narrating the self and to Adrienne Rich’s idea of “Re-vision”. What Butler’s theory adds to Braidotti’s is the notion of dispossession: that as subjects we do not own our identities. We are, instead, dependent on others for recognition. This co-dependence based notion of subjectivity has ethical implications for how we interact with one another and what kind of narratives we iterate and reiterate. The writers discussed in this thesis, namely, Francisca Aguirre, Katerina Anghelaki-Rooke, Gail Holst-Warhaft, and Margaret Atwood, not only rewrite Penelope, but perform Re-visions of the myth. They look back at it with a critical eye and remake it. This thesis further contends that Re-vision provides contemporary feminist writers with a reading and writing strategy that allows them to engage with myth in a way that parallels feminist theory’s efforts to construct new forms of subjectivity. Chapter 1 frames feminist appropriations of myth in a contemporary context and discusses Adrienne Rich’s theory of Re- vision. The next four chapters focus on specific writers who carry out a sustained dialogue with Penelope; they each take an element of the myth and tease it out towards a modern relevance. In looking at how Penelope is revised, this thesis demonstrates that women writers are engaged in a process of remaking canonical, mythic texts in such a way that speaks to contemporary issues of ethical subjectivity and self-making.
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Shalom, Naama. "Ends of the Mahābhārata." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:eef9d82e-859c-40f1-afc5-c0a9041c011b.
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The assertion that the Mahābhārata (MBh) narrative is innately incapable of achieving a conclusion has attained the status of a disciplinary truism in the epic’s study. My thesis challenges this prevalent assumption by proposing an un-investigated path of inquiry into the philological, historical, literary and semantic aspects of the epic. The thesis discusses the ending of the MBh, the Svargārohaṇa parvan (SĀ) by exploring several trajectories: the study of the SĀ in epic scholarship; its reception in the later tradition in Sanskrit literature; and finally, the problematic aspects of the SĀ and its relation to the rest of the narrative. It first points out that in comparison to other MBh episodes, the SĀ has been received with significant disregard or suppression in the literature commenting on the epic. Second, it characterizes the nature of the suppression of the SĀ in each of the three literary strands commenting on the MBh (epic scholarship, Sanskrit adaptations and theoretical discourses). It argues that all of these considerations, which are external to the MBh, have tended, in various modes, to suppress, ignore or overlook the importance of the SĀ. The thesis then proceeds to argue that on the most significant and internal level of the text itself, the SĀ is intrinsically consistent with the rest of the MBh narrative, and that this makes it thematically integral to the text as a whole. This argument derives from the importance with which this study addresses the moment of the condemnation of dharma in the SĀ, and is furthered by a philological and semantic study, as well as textual analyses of the multiple occurrences of the Sanskrit verb garh throughout the MBh. The use of this verb by the epic protagonist, Yudhiṣṭhira, in condemning his father, Dharma, at the last scenes of the SĀ comprises a key moment that bears significant and myriad implications upon the understanding of this pivotal concept (dharma), to which the entire epic is devoted.
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Ekron, Anna Cecilia. "Vocabulary : it's all about words working together : an interactive multimedia program to improve senior phase English first additional language learners’ functional vocabulary through an increased understanding of everyday authentic texts and classical and contemporary poetry." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1829.
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Thesis (MPhil (Modern Foreign Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.The continuing decline in Matriculation pass rates is a matter of concern for government, educators, parents and students in South African schools. According to official statistics, only 8% of South Africans are mother-tongue English speakers, yet English is the chief language of learning and teaching in South African schools. Researchers relate the poor pass rate to inadequate proficiency in English of both English First Additional Language learners and some of their teachers. Research has further revealed a significant positive correlation between reading comprehension and academic achievement. Consensus exists among researchers about the necessity of a basic vocabulary (variously estimated at 2000 to 3000 words and more) for developing the necessary reading comprehension. Theories and approaches regarding the development of vocabulary, however, are sometimes diametrically opposed to one another. Among the most conflicting theories are those which advocate the acquisition of vocabulary by guessing the meanings of words from the context as opposed to those favouring conscious and deliberate vocabulary teaching, which may include lists of words. The current study briefly investigates underlying problems, theories, methods and approaches to enhancing learners’ vocabularies. Conclusions are applied to the development of an interactive, multimedia program for improving learners’ functional vocabularies. The content of the program is based on authentic texts and simulations of situations which call for language interaction. This is supplemented with extracts from classical literary works and poetry and entertaining verses which present possibilities for use in vocabulary building.
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Conley, Brandon W. "Minore(m) Pretium: Morphosyntactic Considerations for the Omission of Word-final -m in Non-elite Latin Texts." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent149253496962922.
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Todd, Helen Elizabeth. "Rewriting the Egyptian river : the Nile in Hellenistic and imperial Greek literature." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ed3c2d53-f7d6-4208-8a4c-cb84b5c27854.
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This thesis explores Hellenistic and imperial Greek texts that represent or discuss the river Nile. The thesis makes an original contribution to scholarship by examining such texts in he light of the history of Greek discourse about the Nile and in the context of social, political and cultural changes, and takes account of relevant ancient Egyptian texts. I begin with an introduction that provides a survey of earlier scholarship about the Nile in Greek literature, before identifying three themes central to the thesis: the relationship between Greek and Egyptian texts, the tension between rationalism and divinity, and the interplay between power and literature. I then highlight both the cultural significance of rivers in classical Greek culture, and the polyvalence of the river Nile and its inundation in ancient Egyptian religion and literature. Chapter 1 examines the significance of Diodorus Siculus' representation of the Nile at the beginning of his universal history; it argues that the river's prominence constructs Egypt as a primeval landscape that allows the historian access to the distant past. The Nile is also seen to be useful to the historian as a conceptual parallel for his historiographical project. Whereas Diodorus begins his universal history with the Nile, Strabo closes his universal geography with Egypt; the second chapter demonstrates how Strabo incorporates the Nile into his vision of the new Roman world. Chapter 3 presents a diachronic study of Greek discourse concerning the two major Nilotic problems, the cause of the annual inundation and the location of the sources. It examines first the construction of the debates, and second the transformation of that tradition in Aelius Aristides' Egyptian Oration. The functions of the Nile in Greek praise-poetry are the subject of chapter 4; it is shown that the Nile and its benefactions are used by poets to lay claim to political, religious or cultural authority, and to situate Egypt within an expanding oikoumene. The fifth and final chapter turns to Greek narrative fictions from the imperial period. The chapter demonstrates that the Nile is more familiar than exotic in these texts. It is shown that Xenophon of Ephesus and Achilles Tatius play with the trope of 'novelty' in this very familiar literary landscape, while Heliodorus articulates a more profound disruption of the expected Egyptian tropes, and ultimately replaces Egypt with Ethiopia as a new Nilotic environment.
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Smith-Laing, Tim. "Variorum vitae : Theseus and the arts of mythography in Medieval and early modern Europe." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0f4305c6-3c62-4f89-a3b2-d8204893fdfb.
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This thesis offers an approach to the history of mythographical discourse through the figure of Theseus and his appearances in texts from England, Italy and France. Analysing a range of poetic, historical, and allegorical works that feature Theseus alongside their classical and contemporary intertexts, it is a study of the conceptions of Greco-Roman mythology prevalent in European literature from 1300-1600. Focusing on mythology’s pervasive presence as a background to medieval and early modern literary and intellectual culture, it draws attention to the fragmentary, fluid and polymorphous nature of mythology in relation to its use for different purposes in a wide range of texts. The first impact of this study is to draw attention to the distinction between mythology and mythography, as a means of focusing on the full range of interpretative processes associated with the ancient myths in their textual forms. Returning attention to the processes by which writers and readers came to know the Greco-Roman myths, it widens the commonly accepted critical definition of ‘mythography’ to include any writing of or on mythology, while restricting ‘mythology’ to its abstract sense, meaning a traditional collection of tales that exceeds any one text. This distinction allows the analyses of the study’s primary texts to display the full range of interpretative processes and possibilities involved in rewriting mythology, and to outline a spectrum of linked but distinctive mythographical genres that define those possibilities. Breaking down into two parts of three chapters each, the thesis examines Theseus’ appearances across these mythographical genres, first in the period from 1300 to the birth of print, and then from the birth of print up to 1600. Taking as its primary texts works by Giovanni Boccaccio, Geoffrey Chaucer, John Lydgate and William Shakespeare along with their classical intertexts, it situates each of them in regard to their multiple defining contexts. Paying close attention to the European traditions of commentary, translation and response to classical sources, it shows mythographical discourse as a vibrant aspect of medieval and early modern literary culture, equally embedded in classical traditions and contemporary traditions that transcended national and linguistic boundaries.
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Bowden, Chelsea Mina. "Isocrates' Mimetic Philosophy." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1331049173.
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Bueno-Soler, Juliana 1976. "Multimodalidades anodicas e catodicas : a negação controlada em logicas multimodais e seu poder expressivo." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280387.
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Orientador: Itala Maria Loffredo D'OttavianoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o papel da negação no âmbito das modalidades, de forma a poder esclarecer até que ponto a negação pode ser atenuada, controlada ou mesmo totalmente eliminada em favor da melhor expressabilidade lógica de certas teorias, asserções ou raciocínios que sofrem os efeitos da negação. Contudo, atenuar ou eliminar a negação tem um alto preço: métodos tradicionais em lógica podem deixar de ser válidos e certos resultados, como teoremas de completude para sistemas lógicos, podem ser derrogados. Do ponto de vista formal, a questão central que investigamos aqui e até que ponto tais métodos podem ser restabelecidos. Com tal finalidade, iniciamos nosso estudo a partir do que denominamos sistemas anódicos" (sem negação) e, a posteriori, introduzimos gradativamente o elemento catódico" (negações, com diversas gradações e diferentes características) nos sistemas modais por meio de combinações com certas lógicas paraconsistentes, as chamadas lógicas da inconsistência formal (LFIs). Todos os sistemas tratados são semanticamente caracterizados por semânticas de mundos possíveis; resultados de incompletude são também obtidos e discutidos. Obtemos ainda semânticas modais de traduções possíveis para diversos desses sistemas. Avançamos na direção das multimodalidades, investigando os assim chamados sistemas multimodais anódicos e catódicos. Finalmente, procuramos avaliar criticamente o alcance e o interesse dos resultados obtidos na direção da racionalidade sensível à negação.
Abstract: The present work aims to investigate the role of negations in the scope of modalities and in the reasoning expressed by modalities. The investigation starts from what we call anodic" systems (without any form of negation) and gradually reaches the cathodic" elements, where negations are introduced by means of combining modal logics with certain paraconsistent logics known as logics of formal inconsistency (LFIs). We obtain completeness results for all treated systems, and also show that certain incompleteness results can be obtained. The class of the investigated systems includes all normal modal logics that are extended by means of the schema Gk;l;m;n due to E. J. Lemmon and D. Scott combined with LFIs. We also tackle the question of obtaining modal possible-translations semantics for these systems. Analogous results are analyzed in the scope of multimodalities, where anodic as much as cathodic logics are studied. Finally, we advance a critical evaluation of the reach and scope of all the results obtained to what concerns expressibility of reasoning considered to be sensible to negation. We also critically assess the obtained results in contrast with problems of rationality that are sensible to negation.
Doutorado
Doutor em Filosofia
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McDonald, Matthew William McDonald. "The Good, the Bad, and the Grouch: A Comparison of Characterization in Menander and the Ancient Philosophers." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461335881.
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Ruiz, Mestre Hermelindo. "GUITAR ARRANGEMENTS OF SELECTED DANZAS OF JUAN F. ACOSTA, WITH NEW CONSIDERATIONS OF HIS MUSIC AND MUSICAL LIFE." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/125.
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Juan Francisco Acosta (1890-1968) was a prolific composer, band conductor, and educator from Puerto Rico who created 1,256 original compositions. Even though his activities and influence were integral to the musical life of Puerto Rico in the twentieth century, many details of his life and works remain unknown.
This project centers on Acosta’s contribution to the Puerto Rican tradition of the danza—a dance-based genre originating in the nineteenth century—through the study and arrangement of five of Acosta's danzas. Although Acosta composed most danzas for piano, he adapted them for performances by the municipal bands that he led in various towns. This practice of modifying his works for different instruments, as well as the importance of the guitar in Latin America, underpins the author’s choice to arrange his piano music for varied types of guitar combinations, including solo, duo, trio, and quartet. The five works are Bajo la sombra de un pino, Mercedes, Eres una santa, Dulce María, and In memoriam.
The guitar arrangements of these five danzas are preceded by important information on the composer within the Puerto Rican music world, with emphasis on the intersections of the band and danza traditions. To enhance the study of these works, this document discusses basic stylistic features, including a comparison of forms, rhythms, and dance characters, and relates Acosta's treatment of the danza puertorriqueña to approaches of his Puerto Rican contemporaries. This document also includes performance guidelines to introduce Acosta's danza style to student and professional players.
Based on primary biographical and musical sources, this study presents a foundation for a clearer understanding of the life and works of Acosta upon which further research, analysis, and criticism can be conducted. The arrangements offer a fresh look at new guitar repertoire using the peculiarities of rhythms and traditions of Puerto Rican and Carribean heritage. The arrangements also serve a pedagogical purpose by adding to the existing repertoire of ensemble music for the classical guitar.
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Nelli, María Florencia. "Studies in the demonstrative pronouns of early Greek." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b61ae3df-f234-42ad-b69d-95187f1196e7.
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This study identifies and describes constituents, patterns and distribution of the system –or systems- of demonstratives of a representative selection of early Greek dialects, namely the “Arcado-Cyprian” group: Arcadian and Cyprian, including a short analysis of Pamphylian as well as a discussion of the particle νι/νυ and a brief note on Mycenaean; the “Aeolic” group: Lesbian, Boeotian and Thessalian; and a selection of West Greek dialects, including both “Doric” and “Northwest Greek” dialects: Elean, Cretan, Laconian, Cyrenaean and Theran. It also examines, describes and compares the syntactic functions and, where possible, pragmatic uses of the series of demonstratives in operation in the selected dialects, providing a classification capable of accounting for all uses cross-dialectically, as well as a succinct account of the evolution of the system of demonstratives from Indo-European to “Ancient Greek”. Additionally, it offers a glimpse of the way in which deixis and anaphora seem to have worked in early Greek dialectal inscriptions, addressing the issue of defining demonstrative pronouns, as well as deixis and anaphora in general terms. Finally, this thesis provides the basis for a cross-dialectal comparison of the structure and operation of the different systems of demonstratives, and corrects some general misconceptions about the scope, usage and inter-dialectal connections of some series of demonstratives, particularly with regard to Arcadian and Cyprian. The results of such a study might contribute towards the discussion of the classification and history of the evolution of early Greek dialects.
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Rodrigues, Tarcísio Genaro. "Sobre os fundamentos de programação lógica paraconsistente." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278897.
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Orientador: Marcelo Esteban ConiglioDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A Programação Lógica nasce da interação entre a Lógica e os fundamentos da Ciência da Computação: teorias de primeira ordem podem ser interpretadas como programas de computador. A Programação Lógica tem sido extensamente utilizada em ramos da Inteligência Artificial tais como Representação do Conhecimento e Raciocínio de Senso Comum. Esta aproximação deu origem a uma extensa pesquisa com a intenção de definir sistemas de Programação Lógica paraconsistentes, isto é, sistemas nos quais seja possível manipular informação contraditória. Porém, todas as abordagens existentes carecem de uma fundamentação lógica claramente definida, como a encontrada na programação lógica clássica. A questão básica é saber quais são as lógicas paraconsistentes subjacentes a estas abordagens. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estabelecer uma fundamentação lógica e conceitual clara e sólida para o desenvolvimento de sistemas bem fundados de Programação Lógica Paraconsistente. Nesse sentido, este trabalho pode ser considerado como a primeira (e bem sucedida) etapa de um ambicioso programa de pesquisa. Uma das teses principais da presente dissertação é que as Lógicas da Inconsistência Formal (LFI's), que abrangem uma enorme família de lógicas paraconsistentes, proporcionam tal base lógica. Como primeiro passo rumo à definição de uma programação lógica genuinamente paraconsistente, demonstramos nesta dissertação uma versão simplificada do Teorema de Herbrand para uma LFI de primeira ordem. Tal teorema garante a existência, em princípio, de métodos de dedução automática para as lógicas (quantificadas) em que o teorema vale. Um pré-requisito fundamental para a definição da programação lógica é justamente a existência de métodos de dedução automática. Adicionalmente, para a demonstração do Teorema de Herbrand, são formuladas aqui duas LFI's quantificadas através de sequentes, e para uma delas demonstramos o teorema da eliminação do corte. Apresentamos também, como requisito indispensável para os resultados acima mencionados, uma nova prova de correção e completude para LFI's quantificadas na qual mostramos a necessidade de exigir o Lema da Substituição para a sua semântica
Abstract: Logic Programming arises from the interaction between Logic and the Foundations of Computer Science: first-order theories can be seen as computer programs. Logic Programming have been broadly used in some branches of Artificial Intelligence such as Knowledge Representation and Commonsense Reasoning. From this, a wide research activity has been developed in order to define paraconsistent Logic Programming systems, that is, systems in which it is possible to deal with contradictory information. However, no such existing approaches has a clear logical basis. The basic question is to know what are the paraconsistent logics underlying such approaches. The present dissertation aims to establish a clear and solid conceptual and logical basis for developing well-founded systems of Paraconsistent Logic Programming. In that sense, this text can be considered as the first (and successful) stage of an ambitious research programme. One of the main thesis of the present dissertation is that the Logics of Formal Inconsistency (LFI's), which encompasses a broad family of paraconsistent logics, provide such a logical basis. As a first step towards the definition of genuine paraconsistent logic programming we shown, in this dissertation, a simplified version of the Herbrand Theorem for a first-order LFI. Such theorem guarantees the existence, in principle, of automated deduction methods for the (quantified) logics in which the theorem holds, a fundamental prerequisite for the definition of logic programming over such logics. Additionally, in order to prove the Herbrand Theorem we introduce sequent calculi for two quantified LFI's, and cut-elimination is proved for one of the systems. We also present, as an indispensable requisite for the above mentioned results, a new proof of soundness and completeness for first-order LFI's in which we show the necessity of requiring the Substitution Lemma for the respective semantics
Mestrado
Filosofia
Mestre em Filosofia