Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Classe ouvrière – Canada – 19e siècle'
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Bui, Tran Anh-Dao. "The Birth of a Bridge. The Building of the Victoria Bridge in Montreal, 1853- 1859." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL131.
Full textThe impressive, three kilometres Victoria Bridge across the St Lawrence River, built 1853-1859 in Montreal, was crucially important to the ambitious Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) project designed to better connect Canada East and Canada West to one another, to Atlantic seaports, and thus to Europe. A partnership of famous British contractors, Peto, Brassey, Jackson, and Betts, built the most important section of the GTR and the Victoria Bridge, designed by the eminent Robert Stephenson with his assistant Alexander Ross, the GTR’s engineer-in-chief in Canada. Construction of this massive bridge of tubular design, finished two years ahead of schedule despite financial difficulties and hardships of various natures, at times required the employment of 3000 or more workers. This dissertation contributes to the discussion on the role of Canada in imperial history, but also to the history of the circulation of men and knowledge in a context of rising industrialism and worldwide development of British civil engineering. It analyses the labour relations on the worksite, and argues that the Victoria Bridge is a case study to analyse paternalism and the development of industrial capitalism and wage employment in nineteenth-century Canada, with a particular focus on the analysis of risk and accidents
Moisdon, Gicquel Yolande. "La lutte antituberculeuse en France du XIXème siècle au début du XXème siècle." Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA083980.
Full textAfter centuries of neglect of the biggest killers in France called pulmonary tuberculosis, the state legislates in 1850 to lead his fight. The law against substandard housing should address various harmful factors for the health of the individual. Moisture, darkness and promiscuity were behind the emergence of this contagious disease especially among the working class. Nevertheless, the study of this legislation reveals its responsibility for this legislation reveals its responsibility for the amplification of TB scourge throughout the country, thus depleting the economic and social level. The law of 1850 on the substandard housing has many inconsistencies to eradicate tuberculosis. This finding highlights the fragility of France in the development of the struggle. During the First World War, various specialized health institutions were built as clinics and sanatoriums. These establishments diminished massively tuberculosis mortality despite inconsistencies in their respective legislation. Aided by the United States France was actively organize TB propaganda. The eradication of tuberculosis caused by the discovery of BCG vaccine in 1921
Derainne, Pierre-Jacques. "Le travail, les migrations et les conflits en France : représentations et attitudes sociales sous la Monarchie de Juillet et la Seconde République." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOL019.
Full textCommaille, Laurent. "Les cités ouvrières de Lorraine : 1850-1940 : étude de la politique patronale du logement." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Commaille.Laurent.LMZ9902_1.pdf.
Full textThis study -documents basically issued from the companies- shows that the moral and philantropic reasons were less essential than the need created by insufficient housing, a fluctuating labour force and industrial competition. The building methods varied. Some didn't build much. The rhythms were different and so was the equipment. If, at the end of the period, company towns seemed to be coherently, sensibly planned, it was often more because of the accumulation of houses, cooperatives, schools and so on, than the result of an original, well-drafted plan. Moreover, the towns represented more an investment than real social care for the companies, at least until the beginning of the 20th century. Hence the cheap housing policy created by the state, on the philantropic circles initiative, was barely followed by the employers. The rise of the costs in building and upkeep, the fall of the income derived from the rents, the pressure from the government and the policy advocated by R. Pinot, the secretary of the comite des forges, led, from 1905-1910 on, to a different vision of the company town which became a social issue. This shift resulted in new equipements which didn't pay much such as town halls, stadiums, and so on. In the plans of the new towns, the curve appeared and the houses presented more attractive decorations and volumes. Nevertheless, despite all their efforts, the manufacturers were never able to house the totality of workers. The highest proportion of housed workers was found in the mining towns around briey but only thanks to boarding houses which made the occupancy rate rise. The lack of privacy observed in the mines and the low rate of workers accomodated by the iron and steel and textile industry refute the idea of a domestication of the worker by the company town, at least as far as lorraine is concerned
Lhuissier, Anne. "Réforme sociale et alimentation populaire (1850-1914) : pour une sociologie des pratiques alimentaires." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA057.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to connect the study of working-class food habits with that of the development of popular food reform as a public issue in the second half of the 19th century. While the state has always assumed some responsibilities to feed the people, this task takes a new significance in the middle of the century, following a series of crisis: agricultural (1846-1847, then 1853-1855), and political (1848). Consequently, many actors agree on the need to improve the diet of the working classes that emerge as a specific category of consumers. The reformers organise practical and legal devices, such as community restaurants and butcheries, or the taxe on meat. They follow two major purposes: economic (to favour competition in the local markets and to create a specific supply to working-class customers) and hygienic (to favour meat consumption and to educate the consumers). To the “traditional” food aid based on charity, they substitute many impersonal and legal rules and devices regulating sale of foodstuffs. Food reform and the public discussion it gave rise to, provide a great number of documents. The research is based on the analysis of parliamentary inquiries, archives on reforming devices and the monographs of Le Play and his followers. Beyond the moral considerations of the “social observers”, these documents make it possible to grasp the food habits of urban working-class families. The reconstitution of the various stages (purchasing of food, cooking and consumption) in the families leads to highlight a three-dimensional cross typology (self-consumption or recourse to the market, place of bread and meat in the diet, cheap-restaurants attendance). These elements indicate two ways of consumption: saving or “prodigality”. Thus, the interpretation of the differentiation of food habits within the working class is closely tied to the diversity of the family configurations in which household consumption takes its meaning
Garnaud, Nicolas. "L'émergence du monde ouvrier en milieu rural dans l'ancienne province du Poitou au XIXè siècle." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Garnaud-Nicolas/2008-Garnaud-Nicolas-These.pdf.
Full textWhat can the place of the worker be in the 19th century Poitou, archetypal region of a miniature France, predominantly conservative and rural ? What way can the public authority perceive a population living on the margins of society, drowned in an ocean of ruralism in a period of major economic, social and political upheavals ? Far from the industrial centres, the Poitou labour force remains very heterogeneous. Though politically weak, the worker masters a few bastions precisely located in areas where he can carry some influence. However, his political moderation and his small population are not sufficient enough for the worker to have priority in the mind of public authorities. A social legislation, emerging in the second half of the century, is implemented with no zeal, despite the real need for a state intervention in the workshops. To face the difficulties of a testing daily life, there is solidarity and active claims
Lerner, Hadassa. "La femme du secteur ouvrier au Brésil : 1889-1922." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100064.
Full textThis research concentrates on uncovering the facts known about the women of the workers' population in brazil, and on comparing them with their image. The historical aspects of the beginning of the workers' movement are studied, from 1889 to 1922. The militants and believers of the egalitarian ideology claimed political and economical equality for all men. They fought, cried and died for it. The question put here is whether they believed in the equality of men and women with the same enthusiasm. We looked for an answer by researching the liftist press published in brazil, and by analyzing some of the socialist plays. Summing up, the image and the real performance of those women were found to be somewhat apart. Their contributions to the social and economical development of the country were stronger and heavier than what they were given credit for. Their importance was somewhat underestimated, and it is our hope that the present research will have helped to award to this unknown "woman soldier" some of the credit she is due
Poirier, François. "Aspects de la conscience ouvrière en Angleterre de la réforme de 1832 à nos jours." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA08A003.
Full textPicoche, Philippe. "Une entreprise vosgienne : la verrerie de Portieux 1850-1950." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/picoche_p.
Full textBorn in 1705 in the village of Portieux (Vosges), the glass factory waited no time in moving to a wooded valley. The glass factory was initially called, Magnienville, after its founder, and then took the name of the Portieux glass works. For a long time this glass factory was the leading firme in the Vosges, on account of its size and the scope of its business. The study concerning the glass factory deals with socials and economic questions during the period from 1850-1950, which was marked by intense activiy, and was to remain in people's memories. Today, some workers devote themselves to continuing the traditional work by hand
Guicheteau, Samuel. "La révolution des ouvriers nantais : le façonnement d'une identité sociale et culturelle, des années 1760 aux années 1830." Rennes 2, 2006. http://books.openedition.org/pur/27601.
Full textAt the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, Nantes was a great industrial and working-class town. From 1760, the cotton industry had been enjoying a period of great development. Consequently, cotton dye and print factories as well as machine-run spinning mills were soon to be built. Rationalisation became a main characteristic of the industrialisation process, affecting workshops as well as factories. It modified drastically the social and economic structures of the craft industry. Nantes' industrial development was fully in line with French industrialisation, a smooth and gradual transition rather than a violent break, which did not bring about any sudden work deskilling. However, industrialisation markedly increased around 1830. Nantes' working-class formed a large social group. It built up its identity on work first, based on skills and autonomy. This identity was shared by most workers regardless of their qualification level or their working environment. As industrialisation came about smoothly and gradually, it went on throughout the period from 1760 to 1840. Despite some tensions and clashes, the working-class enjoyed a real unity based on a common identity, common social and economic conditions and a common cultural practice. Moreover it worked as a melting pot. Nantes' workers took part in the French revolution on the grounds of their social and cultural identity. Taking part in the Revolution seemed remarkable as well as autonomous and original. It meant that a revolutionary consciousness had matured. While still flawed with contradictions, it had developed along with the revolutionary process. It came with the emergence of a social and collective consciousness and with some kind of politicisation. And the involvement of the working-class in the 1830 confrontations only strengthened these. This involvement showed the far-reaching consequences of the French revolution
Sellali, Amina. "Sous la ville, jadis la campagne : une mosai͏̈que de lotissements privés à l'origine de l'urbanisation de Belleville et de Charonne (1820-1902)." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082059.
Full textBurdy, Jean-Paul. "Le Soleil noir : formation sociale et mémoire ouvrière dans un quartier de Saint-Etienne : 1840-1940." Lyon 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO20011.
Full textThe "old working-class neighbourhood" is an important theme in saint-etienne's 20th century imagery and historiography. The outlying neighbourhood "le soleil" developed in the 1840’s. , because of the growing coal-mining industry, but without any mining company buildings. For a century, most of the male inhabitants worked in the pits, but there was a growing number of iron and steel workers after the 1870s. Women worked in the town-cenre, in the silk and textile industry, and later as office whitecollar workers. After a statistical approach, the social structure of the neighbourhood is studied through the history of about fifty families from the middle of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century. The prosopographic analysis of the families emphasizes the geographical stability in the neighbourhood, as well as the lack of professional mobility over 3,4 or 5 generations. These forms of stability are an important basic element in social identity until the pre-second world war years. Oral interviews of about forty old male and female workers have made it possible to define a french working-class memory of years of social and cultural change in the first half of the 20th century. The inquiry focuses on various themes: work in the mine industry; jobs and skilled trades; life-style and neighbourhood; sexual-social relationships between men and women, especially in women's working life cycles; immigration; religious and ideological cleavages. In this working-class memory, social identity, deeply connected with the neighbourhood's spatial and temporal dimensions, often seems to correspond to chronologically undefined transient "golden year
Al, Azraki Kamel. "Le monde ouvrier dans "L'assommoir" et "Germinal" d'Emile Zola." Limoges, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIMO0501.
Full textIn our study, we will focus on two of zola's masterpieces, l'assommoir and germinal. This can be divided into two parts. First of all, we will analyse the working class and bourgeoisy's way of living with, on the one hand, the working conditions of men, women and children, and on the other hand, the study of the rising of the middle classes, their moral standards, their education, and their relationships with the working class. Then, we will exponent zola's political ideas -which he assigned to his characters, and his ideological evolution through his literary work. And we will also study the workmen's actions, like the general strike in his two novels we will try hard to pointout the differences between the middle and working classes, on a trade level, but also on a psychological and physical level, concerning education, housing, food and language. Theses divergences lead our study to its purpose, which is the struggle between the hero 'working class) and the anti hero (the middle class)
Lorcin, Jean. "Économie et comportements sociaux et politiques : la région de Saint-Étienne : de la Grande dépression à la seconde Guerre mondiale." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010690.
Full textFarsian, Mohammad-Reza. "La représentation de la ville industrielle dans le roman du XIXème siècle." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030071.
Full textWith the emergence of the industrial revolution, country people moved to the new industrial centers. Through this movement appeared a new social class, the working class, crowding in the cities and also in the suburbs around the factories. To minimize the distance between the places of work and the residences, a lot habitations appear suddenly out of earth around industrial factories. In those areas, simple social structures were created leading to a new city shape: the industrial city whose main characteristic, before the setting of the working class, is the factory or the mine, places full of industrial items, mechanical inventions and techniques. The present research aims at introducing this industrial city as the most typical product of the nineteenth century through its technical components and its working class. The city is considered as one of the main element in the novel as far as becoming the basic and strong support of their intrigue. Without neglecting the substancial and amazing effect and the consequences of the machine in the daily life and without forgetting that the technical revolution is supported and materialized by the machine itself, the thesis analyses, through the studied novels, the role of those machines in the emergence of the industrial city as well as its effects in the daily life of the working class. The study is developed by a portrait of the working class, main users of the machines and a description of the technical and industrial incarnations in their lifes, their work and their habits. With the nineteenth century's literature and especially through the naturalist movement, this social class is for the first time analysed by considering its monotonous daily life, its little dramas, its manners and its mentality. Therefore the negative effects of the industrialization and of the mechanization on the working class appear in the literature, and some writers try to solve the problem by creating utopia
Petit-Liaudon, Marlène. "Le village industriel modèle de Saltaire : condition des ouvriers du textile et réformes sociales à Bradford entre 1853 et 1880." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2003.
Full textTitus Salt’s social experiment conducted through his model industrial community of Saltaire, in Yorkshire, has been perceived and presented this far as a solution to the contemporary issues resulting from rapid industrialisation. The aim of the present research is to put into context this experiment, started in 1853, within the wider social reform movement that occurred from 1850 to 1880 in Bradford- which we consider as the “mother town” of Saltaire. This study focuses on the various influences promoting the advancement of the factory workers’ conditions, such as social welfare concerns but also religious, political and economical pressures, in order to see their achievements on the urban life. This comparative study is aiming to demonstrate the extent to which the model village, under Titus Salt’s leadership, took part in the social reformation and in the progress of the worsted trade workers’ circumstances
Chamekh, Mohamed. "Les stations balnéaires britanniques : de la prospérité au déclin : le cas de Skegness sur la côte du Lincolnshire." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR064.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the seaside resort of Skegness and the working class seaside holiday. It validates the onset of decline on British seaside resorts, but confirms the plurality of experiences and the varieties of the strategies of regeneration and survival. The first two parts of the thesis analyse the growth of the seaside holiday as an alternative to old leisure and the growth of Skegness as a seaside resort within the dynamics of changing leisure and changing socio-economic conditions of workers. A second theme, related to the growth of the Skegness resort, which is a major thrust of this thesis, is an analysis of the way Skegness was promoted as a seaside resort. It is argued in this context that the railway, in addition to bringing holidaymakers to the resort, played a pivotal role in the promotion of the resort, especially through posters and to a lesser extent newspaper publicity. The study of promotional materials seeks also to demonstrate the changes in the resort image and social tone from the early years of the resort development until the late twentieth century. This study also addresses the decline of Skegness as a domestic holiday destination. It argues that holidays abroad had a detrimental effect on British seaside resorts in addition to the homegrown factors like the deteriorating resort infrastructure and the poor marketing strategies. Against this background of decline, it is shown that Skegness, despite the alarming deprivation indicators, managed to a certain extent to survive as a working class family destination
Duhamel-Laflèche, Annie. "La représentation romancée de la classe ouvrière à l'époque mi-victorienne en Grande-Bretagne." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11139.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is Victorian social realism, a spell of British Art during which Realism tends to grow everywhere in Europa during the 19th century. During this period of time, Great Britain reaches its summit with the industrial modernity. At the same time, this fast-changing world is causing a serious class struggle that artists try to represent through a new estheticism and a new ideology. Whereas in France, the figure of the peasant is mostly associated with Realism, British artists relate more to the urban worker and so do novelists, intellectuals, and legislators, who witness the devastation of the human condition caused by the shameless race for progress and profit. Industrial novels written by Dickens introduced a certain type of low-class character of London and illustrators follow the lead in illustrated newspapers. An iconography of the poor, in which the child and the woman are the main characters, starts to take place and spreads largely through the new medium of mechanical reproduction. The illustrated newspaper The Graphic caught our attention because some of its illustrators – Francis Montague Holl (1845-1888), Samuel Luke Fildes (1843-1927), and Sir Hubert von Herkomer (1849-1914) – were also painters and transposed subjects they already exploited in woodcarving on to canvas. In this thesis, we will explore the fictional aspects and rhetorical manipulations used by the illustrators and the painters to get across their message. Certain of these manipulations are imposed by the historical and political context, by the need of not shocking the rich classes by showing them a potential insurrection, but rather by encouraging charity. Others prefer to change medium, by switching from engraving to painting, form small to big canvas, from private buyers to public exhibition, and thereby imposing new and different compositional strategies.