Journal articles: 'Class traits'

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Varrela, Juha. "Early developmental traits in Class II malocclusion." Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 56, no. 6 (January 1998): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000163598428356.

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Wardana, Muhammad Kiki, and Sumita Roy. "Ideology and Class Division in Veronica Roth’s Divergent." International Journal of Culture and Art Studies 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijcas.v2i1.803.

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The paper attempts to overview the ideology and the class division amongst factions in the novel. The ideology of the five factions in the future city of Chicago is embedded with self traits which dictates that everyone must fit into one dominant trait. The classification by traits or personalities makes clear provision that society will run as it is expected by the leader of the faction. The Divergent of Veronica Roth postulates the depiction of the utopia society that turns Dystopia by the insurgent led by Tris a character that possesses all the qualities and traits of the faction. The culture and the ideology of bourgeois and slave’s society prevail vividly in the novel which is indicated by the ruling faction, Erudite as the bourgeois while the subjugated faction, Abnegation as the slave society. This paper utilizes the descriptive approach to meticulously break down the events by selecting and highlighting the occurrences in the novel as the way of obtaining the data. The theory of ideology by Raymond Williams (1977) was used in this paper to expose the core or base of cultural ideology amongst the classes. The paper finds out that the every faction has its own ideologies even though they were rooted from the same founding fathers.

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Jacobs, M. J., S. Roesch, S. A. Wonderlich, R. Crosby, L. Thornton, D. E. Wilfley, W. H. Berrettini, et al. "Anorexia nervosa trios: behavioral profiles of individuals with anorexia nervosa and their parents." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 3 (June 26, 2008): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708003826.

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BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with behavioral traits that predate the onset of AN and persist after recovery. We identified patterns of behavioral traits in AN trios (proband plus two biological parents).MethodA total of 433 complete trios were collected in the Price Foundation Genetic Study of AN using standardized instruments for eating disorder (ED) symptoms, anxiety, perfectionism, and temperament. We used latent profile analysis and ANOVA to identify and validate patterns of behavioral traits.ResultsWe distinguished three classes with medium to large effect sizes by mothers' and probands' drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance. Fathers did not differ significantly across classes. Classes were distinguished by degree of symptomatology rather than qualitative differences. Class 1 (~33%) comprised low symptom probands and mothers with scores in the healthy range. Class 2 (~43%) included probands with marked elevations in drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance and mothers with mild anxious/perfectionistic traits. Class 3 (~24%) included probands and mothers with elevations on ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits. Mother–daughter symptom severity was related in classes 1 and 3 only. Trio profiles did not differ significantly by proband clinical status or subtype.ConclusionsA key finding is the importance of mother and daughter traits in the identification of temperament and personality patterns in families affected by AN. Mother–daughter pairs with severe ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits may represent a more homogeneous and familial variant of AN that could be of value in genetic studies.

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THIENPONT, K., and G. VERLEYE. "COGNITIVE ABILITY AND OCCUPATIONAL STATUS IN A BRITISH COHORT." Journal of Biosocial Science 36, no. 3 (April 21, 2004): 333–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003006229.

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The relation between individual trait differences, social mobility and social structure is central to social biology. Because genetic variance underlies phenotypic variance in some of these traits, for example IQ, several mechanisms determine the population variance. Polygenic inheritance is the basic mechanism. Social mobility and assortative partner choice distribute the trait variance within generations. This feedback circle is constrained by sociological conditions at several levels of analysis. Fundamental to this theory of social assortment is the relation between social–biological traits and social class on the one hand, and these traits and social mobility on the other hand. The focus here is on the relation between social class, social mobility and cognitive ability. The National Child Development Study is drawn upon, including the last follow-up (1999–2000). By approaching this relationship through various methods, both social–biological and sociological aspects of this research question can be assessed.

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Bergamini, C., L. S. Oliveira, A. L. Koerich, and R. Sabourin. "Combining different biometric traits with one-class classification." Signal Processing 89, no. 11 (November 2009): 2117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2009.04.043.

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Alhammadi, Maged Sultan, Esam Halboub, Mona Salah Fayed, Amr Labib, and Chrestina El-Saaidi. "Global distribution of malocclusion traits: A systematic review." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 23, no. 6 (December 2018): 40.e1–40.e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.23.6.40.e1-10.onl.

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Abstract Objective: Considering that the available studies on prevalence of malocclusions are local or national-based, this study aimed to pool data to determine the distribution of malocclusion traits worldwide in mixed and permanent dentitions. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar search engines, to retrieve data on malocclusion prevalence for both mixed and permanent dentitions, up to December 2016. Results: Out of 2,977 retrieved studies, 53 were included. In permanent dentition, the global distributions of Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion were 74.7% [31 - 97%], 19.56% [2 - 63%] and 5.93% [1 - 20%], respectively. In mixed dentition, the distributions of these malocclusions were 73% [40 - 96%], 23% [2 - 58%] and 4% [0.7 - 13%]. Regarding vertical malocclusions, the observed deep overbite and open bite were 21.98% and 4.93%, respectively. Posterior crossbite affected 9.39% of the sample. Africans showed the highest prevalence of Class I and open bite in permanent dentition (89% and 8%, respectively), and in mixed dentition (93% and 10%, respectively), while Caucasians showed the highest prevalence of Class II in permanent dentition (23%) and mixed dentition (26%). Class III malocclusion in mixed dentition was highly prevalent among Mongoloids. Conclusion: Worldwide, in mixed and permanent dentitions, Angle Class I malocclusion is more prevalent than Class II, specifically among Africans; the least prevalent was Class III, although higher among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. In vertical dimension, open bite was highest among Mongoloids in mixed dentition. Posterior crossbite was more prevalent in permanent dentition in Europe.

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Nobre, P. R. C., P. S. Lopes, R. A. Torres, L. O. C. Silva, A. J. Regazzi, R. A. A. Torres Júnior, and I. Misztal. "Analyses of growth curves of Nellore cattle by Bayesian method via Gibbs sampling." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 55, no. 4 (August 2003): 480–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352003000400015.

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Growth curves of Nellore cattle were analyzed using body weights measured at ages ranging from 1 day (birth weight) to 733 days. Traits considered were birth weight, 10 to 110 days weight, 102 to 202 days weight, 193 to 293 days weight, 283 to 383 days weight, 376 to 476 days weight, 551 to 651 days weight, and 633 to 733 days weight. Two data samples were created: one with 79,849 records from herds that had missing traits and another with 74,601 from herds with no missing traits. Records preadjusted to a fixed age were analyzed by a multiple trait model (MTM), which included the effects of contemporary group, age of dam class, additive direct, additive maternal, and maternal permanent environment. Analyses were carried out by a Bayesian method for all nine traits. The random regression model (RRM) included the effects of age of animal, contemporary group, age of dam class, additive direct, permanent environment, additive maternal, and maternal permanent environment. Legendre cubic polynomials were used to describe random effects. MTM estimated covariance components and genetic parameters for birth weight and sequential weights and RRM for all ages. Due to the fact that covariance components based on RRM were inflated for herds with missing traits, MTM should be used and converted to covariance functions.

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Bunter, Kim L., Andrew A. Swan, Daniel J. Brown, Forbes D. Brien, and Jennifer Smith. "Litter size at lambing influences genetic evaluation of maternal rearing ability." Animal Production Science 58, no. 5 (2018): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16422.

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The genetic parameters for maternal rearing-ability of ewes were investigated by ignoring or defining the rearing ability trait separately by litter-size class (singles versus multiples) using multi-generational data from three, fully pedigreed Merino flocks differing in prolificacy, production level and environment. Genetic correlations (ra) between litter size (LSIZE) and the percentage of lambs surviving (PLSURV) were more negative with an increasing mean flock litter size (ra: –0.21 ± 0.17 to –0.73 ± 0.08), while the corresponding range in phenotypic correlations (rp) was substantially lower (rp: –0.15 ± 0.01 to –0.33 ± 0.01). Rearing-ability traits defined separately by litter-size class were highly correlated (ra: 0.49 ± 0.19 to 0.64 ± 0.38), but not genetically identical traits in the most prolific flock. Defining rearing-ability traits separately by litter-size class reduced the antagonistic genetic correlations between LSIZE and PLSURV to between –0.39 ± 0.14 and 0.14 ± 0.28, through accommodating the change in mean and variance of PLSURV with LSIZE. Similarly, linear transformation (TSURV) of PLSURV within each litter size to a common mean and variance reduced the antagonistic trend in genetic correlations between LSIZE and TSURV to range between –0.05 ± 0.17 and –0.43 ± 0.13. Since genetic correlations are low to moderate between TSURV and LSIZE, it is possible to select for improvements in both the number of lambs born and lamb survival simultaneously. Defining rearing-ability traits separately by litter-size class and the role of transformation will be investigated further for improving the accuracy of genetic evaluation for rearing ability across a range of flocks, breeds and environmental conditions using more extensive industry data.

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Krupa, E., M. Wolfová, D. Peškovičová, J. Huba, and Z. Krupová. "Economic values of traits for Slovakian Pied cattle under different marketing strategies." Czech Journal of Animal Science 50, No. 10 (December 11, 2011): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4235-cjas.

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Economic values of 15 production and functional traits for Slovakian Pied cattle were calculated under different marketing strategies. The traits were as follows: birth weight of calves, daily gain of calves in fattening, mature weight of cows, weight of calves at 120, 210 (weaning weight) and 365 days (yearling weight) of age, dressing percentage, mean class for fleshiness and fat covering, conception rate of heifers and cows, losses of calves at calving and from 48 hours to weaning, lifetime of cows and mean class for calving performance. A purebred cow-calf pasture system producing its own female and male replacement was assumed for all strategies. The following marketing strategies for surplus weaned female and male calves were taken into account: (A) export of all surplus calves, (B) intensive fattening of all surplus calves, (C) rearing and selling of all surplus non-pregnant (1) or pregnant (2) breeding heifers and fattening or export of surplus male calves. All calculations were carried out with the computer program Ecoweight. The relative economic importance of traits was calculated multiplying the economic values by the genetic standard deviations of the traits. The lifetime of cows was the most important trait when applying export or fattening of all calves or when selling pregnant breeding heifers, whereas the yearling weight was even more important for the strategy with selling non-pregnant heifers. The second most important trait was weaning weight in strategy A, yearling weight in strategy B and lifetime of cows in marketing strategy C. Carcass conformation traits had the lowest economic importance in all calculations.  

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van der Meer, Jolanda M. J., Martijn G. A. Lappenschaar, Catharina A. Hartman, Corina U. Greven, Jan K. Buitelaar, and Nanda N. J. Rommelse. "Homogeneous Combinations of ASD–ADHD Traits and Their Cognitive and Behavioral Correlates in a Population-Based Sample." Journal of Attention Disorders 21, no. 9 (May 12, 2014): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054714533194.

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Objective: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and ADHD are assumed to be the extreme manifestations of continuous heterogeneous traits that frequently co-occur. This study aims to identify subgroups of children with distinct ASD–ADHD trait profiles in the general population, using measures sensitive across both trait continua, and show how these subgroups differ in cognitive functioning. Method: We examined 378 children (6-13 years) from a population-based sample. Results: Latent class analyses (LCA) detected three concordant classes with low (10.1%), medium (54.2%), or high (13.2%) scores on both traits, and two discordant classes with more ADHD than ASD characteristics (ADHD > ASD, 18.3%) and vice versa (ASD > ADHD, 4.2%). Findings suggest that ASD and ADHD traits usually are strongly related in the unaffected population, and that a minority of children displays atypical discordant trait profiles characterized by differential visual-spatial functioning. Conclusion: This dissociation suggests that heterogeneity in ASD and ADHD is rooted in heterogeneity in the lower unaffected end of the distribution.

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Bae, Yunkyung, Jinhee Kim, and Jinhyuk Chung. "Psychological Traits to Eco-Friendly Transportation Systems: Latent Class Approach." Transportation Research Procedia 25 (2017): 4270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.246.

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Imbayarwo-Chikosi, V. E., V. Ducrocq, C. B. Banga, T. E. Halimani, J. B. Van Wyk, A. Maiwashe, and K. Dzama. "Impact of conformation traits on functional longevity in South African Holstein cattle." Animal Production Science 58, no. 3 (2018): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16387.

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A proportional hazards model with a piecewise Weibull baseline hazard was used to determine the impact of observed scores for rump, udder, feet and leg traits on longevity. Conformation data of a total of 15 704 cows with either of or all 13 type traits for the period 1995–2013 were obtained from the Holstein Society of South Africa. Functional longevity was defined as the number of days from first calving to culling or censoring, adjusted for production. Type traits were fitted to the reference model one at a time. The model included the fixed time-dependent effect of region by year of calving, within-herd milk production class by year-season, number of lactations by stage of lactation by within-herd milk production class, protein and fat percent production class by year of calving, herd size by annual herd size change, fixed time-independent effect of age at first calving and presence of type record. Cows without type scores were 7–26% more likely to be culled than those with scores. Udder traits had the greatest impact on functional longevity. Fore teat placement had the strongest influence on functional longevity followed by udder depth, fore udder attachment, median ligament and rear treat placement. Rump and udder width had the least Chi-square contributions. Risk of culling was significantly higher for cows with very narrow chest, weak median ligament, extremely towed out teats and short rump height. There is potential for indirectly selecting animals for longevity based on udder type trait information.

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K Singh, Kaushal, Binita Singh, and Rajiv Yadav. "Pattern of Malocclusion among Patients Seeking Orthodontic Treatment at Hospitals and Private Clinics of Province 2, Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 10, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v10i3.35491.

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Introduction: Malocclusion affect the esthetic, function of the patients, so they seek orthodontic treatment for normal function and healthy and beautiful smile. Increase in public awareness and availability of orthodontic specialty services have led to increasing number of orthodontic patients in specialty clinics and hospitals. The objective of this study is to examine the pattern of malocclusion in the patients visiting medical and dental teaching hospitals and dental clinics and to measure the different Angle’s classification of malocclusion with discrepancies in all three planes. Materials and Method: Three hundred seventeen acceptable study casts were selected from 403 case records of orthodontic patients who visited the different hospitals and private clinics of Province 2, Nepal. A standard guidance of Angle’s classification was used to classify the cases and casts were measured to record the data. Different Angle’s classification of malocclusion with discrepancies in all three planes was studied. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and SD) and inferential statistics (chi square and fisher exact test) was used to find out the association between occlusal traits and demographic variables. Result: According to the Angle’s classification of malocclusion, most of the patient’s cast 65.9% were of class I, followed by class II 31.8%, class III 5.3% occlusion pattern. Among the class II malocclusion, class II division 1 malocclusion was more prevalent (86.13%). Under space discrepancies, crowding of teeth was present in 42.58% of patient. Of the total teeth crowding patient, 70.3% had crowding of teeth in both the arches followed by only mandibular arch (25.18%). There is statistically significant association between the age and the occlusal traits like crowding (p value 0.008), spacing (p value 0.000) and overjet (p value 0.000) at 0.01 level of significance. Conclusion: Angle’s class I was the most prevalent malocclusion followed by class II and class III. Increased overjet was the commonest occlusal trait. There was statistically significant association between the age and occlusal traits like crowding, spacing and overjet.

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Hossein-Zadeh, N. G. "Inbreeding effects on body weight traits of Iranian Moghani sheep." Archives Animal Breeding 55, no. 2 (October 10, 2012): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-55-171-2012.

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Abstract. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of inbreeding on body weight at different ages in Moghani sheep. Traits included were birth weight (BW), 3-month weight (3MW), 6-month weight (6MW), 9-month weight (9MW), and yearling weight (YW). Data and pedigree information used in this study were collected at the Breeding Station of Moghani sheep, Iran during 1987-2005. All the animals were grouped into three classes according to the inbreeding coefficients obtained by their pedigree: the first class included non-inbred animals (F=0 %); and the second and third classes included inbred animals (00.10, respectively). Average inbreeding rate was 2.93 % in the pedigree of Moghani sheep. The BW of animals within second class of inbreeding was significantly higher than those of lambs belonging to the third class (P<0.05). The 3MW of animals within third class of inbreeding was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of lambs belonging to the first and second classes. The 6MW of animals within third class of inbreeding was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of lambs belonging to the first and second classes. Animals within third class of inbreeding had greater mean of 9MW than two other groups (P<0.05). Also, the YW of animals within second class of inbreeding was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of lambs belonging to the first and third classes. The utilization of designed mating system could be a suitable approach to maintain the level of inbreeding under control.

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Vishnu, Sriman, Saravanakumar Subranmanian, Prema Anbarasu, Nagappan Nagappan, Annamalai P.R., and Indra Annamalai. "Validity of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Complexity in Assessing Complexity of Treatment among the Malocclusion Groups." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 14 (April 5, 2021): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/215.

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BACKGROUND To provide efficient and well-planned orthodontic treatment orthodontists must be able to assess the type of malocclusion and the complexity involved in its treatment. Hence, the purpose of this study was to validate index of orthodontic treatment complexity (IOTC) as a reliable index to assess the treatment complexity in treating different malocclusion groups. METHODS A retrospective study with sample of 120 pairs of orthodontic study model consisting of treated and untreated cases, were collected and equally divided into class I, class II including both division 1 and division 2 and class III malocclusions based on Angles system of classification of malocclusion. Study casts were scored according to criteria given by the index of orthodontic treatment complexity and the degree of complexity is established for each of the malocclusion groups and the occlusal traits. RESULTS The Spearman correlation coefficients test shows that occlusal traits like overjet, centreline discrepancy, molar correction, overbite, crowding, posterior cross bite, alone significantly correlated with degree of complexity. Multiple regression analysis and one way ANOVA tests were performed for the three types of malocclusion and the test showed that in individual classes of malocclusion, the predictor variable (occlusal traits) significantly predicts the degree of complexity in class I and class II malocclusion cases, but not in class III. CONCLUSIONS Overjet, centreline discrepancy, molar correction, overbite, crowding, posterior cross bite correlated with degree of complexity. IOTC forecasts the degree of complexity in class I and class II malocclusion cases, but not in class III. KEY WORDS IOTC, Malocclusion, Occlusal Traits

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Kornilova, Tatiana, Mariia Shestova, and Sergey Kornilov. "Emotional Intelligence, Big Five Traits and Emotional Creativity in latent personality profiles." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Psychology 11, no. 2 (2021): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu16.2021.201.

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Studies in the last decade that examined the relationship among the traits that form a personality profile, identified both the relationship between emotional intelligence and the Big Five traits or focused on arbitrarily identified mediators and moderators in the system of measured traits. However, our current understanding of the associations between Big Five traits and emotional creativity (a trait related to emotional intelligence) is lacking. Thus, the objective of the study was to identify latent profiles which represented homogenous subgroups of individuals based on measured personality traits; and to compare the results from a variablecentered approach and the person-centered approach (latent profile or class analysis). Design: a total of 527 students participated in the study (395 women and 135 men, Min 17, Max 43, M=19.2, SD=2.9), 402 were administered the complete assessment battery. The latter included 1) the Ten Item Personality Measure (TIPI), 2) the Trait Emotional Intelligent Questionnaire (TEIQ), 3) and the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI). The study shows that the traits of the Big Five as expected were positively associated with all the subscales of emotional intelligence. The analysis of latent profiles identified 4 distinct classes that do not appear when correlation analysis was used in a variable-centered analysis. Specifically, it was the properties of emotional intelligence that were the main group of discriminating variables when establishing personal profiles. Among the Big Five traits, Emotional Stability and, among the all emotional creativity components, Efficiency were the strongest discriminating factors; the maximum contribution to the identification of personal profiles was made by the traits of emotional intelligence.

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Pavlicev, Mihaela, James M. Cheverud, and Günter P. Wagner. "Evolution of adaptive phenotypic variation patterns by direct selection for evolvability." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1713 (November 24, 2010): 1903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2113.

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A basic assumption of the Darwinian theory of evolution is that heritable variation arises randomly. In this context, randomness means that mutations arise irrespective of the current adaptive needs imposed by the environment. It is broadly accepted, however, that phenotypic variation is not uniformly distributed among phenotypic traits, some traits tend to covary, while others vary independently, and again others barely vary at all. Furthermore, it is well established that patterns of trait variation differ among species. Specifically, traits that serve different functions tend to be less correlated, as for instance forelimbs and hind limbs in bats and humans, compared with the limbs of quadrupedal mammals. Recently, a novel class of genetic elements has been identified in mouse gene-mapping studies that modify correlations among quantitative traits. These loci are called relationship loci, or relationship Quantitative Trait Loci (rQTL), and affect trait correlations by changing the expression of the existing genetic variation through gene interaction. Here, we present a population genetic model of how natural selection acts on rQTL. Contrary to the usual neo-Darwinian theory, in this model, new heritable phenotypic variation is produced along the selected dimension in response to directional selection. The results predict that selection on rQTL leads to higher correlations among traits that are simultaneously under directional selection. On the other hand, traits that are not simultaneously under directional selection are predicted to evolve lower correlations. These results and the previously demonstrated existence of rQTL variation, show a mechanism by which natural selection can directly enhance the evolvability of complex organisms along lines of adaptive change.

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Brelsford, Alan, David P. L. Toews, and Darren E. Irwin. "Admixture mapping in a hybrid zone reveals loci associated with avian feather coloration." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1866 (November 8, 2017): 20171106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1106.

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Identifying the genetic bases for colour patterns has provided important insights into the control and expression of pigmentation and how these characteristics influence fitness. However, much more is known about the genetic bases for traits based on melanin pigments than for traits based on another major class of pigments, carotenoids. Here, we use natural admixture in a hybrid zone between Audubon's and myrtle warblers ( Setophaga coronata auduboni / S. c. coronata ) to identify genomic regions associated with both types of pigmentation. Warblers are known for rapid speciation and dramatic differences in plumage. For each of five plumage coloration traits, we found highly significant associations with multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome and these were clustered in discrete regions. Regions near significantly associated SNPs were enriched for genes associated with keratin filaments, fibrils that make up feathers. A carotenoid-based trait that differs between the taxa—throat colour—had more than a dozen genomic regions of association. One cluster of SNPs for this trait overlaps the Scavenger Receptor Class F Member 2 ( SCARF2 ) gene. Other scavenger receptors are presumed to be expressed at target tissues and involved in the selective movement of carotenoids into the target cells, making SCARF2 a plausible new candidate for carotenoid processing. In addition, two melanin-based plumage traits—colours of the eye line and eye spot—show very strong associations with a single genomic region mapping to chromosome 20 in the zebra finch. These findings indicate that only a subset of the genomic regions differentiated between these two warblers are associated with the plumage differences between them and demonstrate the utility of reduced-representation genomic scans in hybrid zones.

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Vural, Levent, and Menekşe Eskici. "Personal Traits and Levels of Class Engagement of Pre-Service Teachers." Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research 15, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): 284–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.29329/epasr.2020.251.16.

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Белова and T. Belova. "Vocational Guidance System for 9th-Class Students." Profession-Oriented School 2, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5569.

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The paper considers issues related to creating an efficient vocational guidance system for 9th-class students aimed at facilitating the juvenile to get selfdetermineв professionally based on their personal likes, capabilities and individual traits and with account for the demand and supply balance at the city’s and the regional labor market. The correspondent elective course is designed for the 9th-class students.

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Meyer, Karin, and Mark Kirkpatrick. "Up hill, down dale: quantitative genetics of curvaceous traits." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1459 (July 7, 2005): 1443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1681.

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‘Repeated’ measurements for a trait and individual, taken along some continuous scale such as time, can be thought of as representing points on a curve, where both means and covariances along the trajectory can change, gradually and continually. Such traits are commonly referred to as ‘function-valued’ (FV) traits. This review shows that standard quantitative genetic concepts extend readily to FV traits, with individual statistics, such as estimated breeding values and selection response, replaced by corresponding curves, modelled by respective functions. Covariance functions are introduced as the FV equivalent to matrices of covariances. Considering the class of functions represented by a regression on the continuous covariable, FV traits can be analysed within the linear mixed model framework commonly employed in quantitative genetics, giving rise to the so-called random regression model. Estimation of covariance functions, either indirectly from estimated covariances or directly from the data using restricted maximum likelihood or Bayesian analysis, is considered. It is shown that direct estimation of the leading principal components of covariance functions is feasible and advantageous. Extensions to multi-dimensional analyses are discussed.

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Johnson, Toby, and Nick Barton. "Theoretical models of selection and mutation on quantitative traits." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 360, no. 1459 (July 7, 2005): 1411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1667.

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Empirical studies of quantitative genetic variation have revealed robust patterns that are observed both across traits and across species. However, these patterns have no compelling explanation, and some of the observations even appear to be mutually incompatible. We review and extend a major class of theoretical models, ‘mutation–selection models’, that have been proposed to explain quantitative genetic variation. We also briefly review an alternative class of ‘balancing selection models’. We consider to what extent the models are compatible with the general observations, and argue that a key issue is understanding and modelling pleiotropy. We discuss some of the thorny issues that arise when formulating models that describe many traits simultaneously.

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Sombié, Pierre Alexandre Eric Djifaby, Hemayoro Sama, Hamadou Sidibé, and Martin Kiendrébéogo. "Effect of Organic (Jatropha Cake) and NPK Fertilizers on Improving Biochemical Components and Antioxidant Properties of Five Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Genotypes." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 10 (July 15, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n10p48.

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Organic and inorganic fertilizers improve the nutritional quality of crop. An experiment in pots of four treatments was conducted in a randomized complete block design in order to evaluate the effect of the application of organic and NPK fertilizers on the biochemical components and antioxidant activities of five cowpea genotypes. Results showed that organic fertilizer and the mixture of organic and NPK fertilizer have significantly (p < 0.05) increased the growth parameters and leaves quality traits of cowpea. The response of cowpea under the different treatment is also function of genotype type. The PCA and the dendrogram performed basis on the different fertilizers effect on growth parameters and leaves quality trait divided the treatments into three main classes. Class I comprising NPK + Jatropha treatment strongly contributed to lycopene, β-carotene and total chlorophyll contents, height and number of branches. Class II comprising NPK treatment solely and Jatropha treatment solely are highly linked to the variables FRAP, DPPH and protein content. Class III comprising control treatment strongly contributed to salicylic, soluble sugar, phenolics and flavonoids contents, and trypsin inhibition activity. The Jatropha cake could be used solely or in mixture with NPK to improve growth and the quality traits of cowpea leaves.

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GARCÍA-DORADO, A., C. LÓPEZ-FANJUL, and A. CABALLERO. "Properties of spontaneous mutations affecting quantitative traits." Genetical Research 74, no. 3 (December 1999): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672399004206.

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Recent mutation accumulation results from invertebrate species suggest that mild deleterious mutation is far less frequent than previously thought, implying smaller expressed mutational loads. Although the rate (λ) and effect (s) of very slight deleterious mutation remain unknown, most mutational fitness decline would come from moderately deleterious mutation (s ≈ 0·2, λ ≈ 0·03), and this situation would not qualitatively change in harsh environments. Estimates of the average coefficient of dominance (h¯) of non-severe deleterious mutations are controversial. The typical value of h¯ = 0·4 can be questioned, and a lower estimate (about 0·1) is suggested. Estimated mutational parameters are remarkably alike for morphological and fitness component traits (excluding lethals), indicating low mutation rates and moderate mutational effects, with a distribution generally showing strong negative asymmetry and little leptokurtosis. New mutations showed considerable genotype–environment interaction. However, the mutational variance of fitness-component traits due to non-severe detrimental mutations did not increase with environmental harshness. For morphological traits, a class of predominantly additive mutations with no detectable effect on fitness and relatively small effect on the trait was identified. This should be close to that responsible for standing variation in natural populations.

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Shi, Ting-Ting, Lin Hua, Hua Wang, and Zhong Xin. "The Potential Link between Gut Microbiota and Serum TRAb in Chinese Patients with Severe and Active Graves’ Orbitopathy." International Journal of Endocrinology 2019 (December 18, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9736968.

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Background and Objective. A previous study reported alterations in the intestinal microbiota in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). Thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb) stimulates orbital and periorbital tissues and plays a pivotal role in the development of GO. However, the association between gut microbiota and TRAb in GO patients has still remained elusive. In this study, we explored the relationships between gut microbiota and GO-related traits, in which we applied a metabolic-network-driven analysis to identify GO trait-related modules and extracted significant operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Methods. In the present study, we profiled gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in 31 GO patients. We performed metabolic-network-driven analysis to investigate the association between gut microbiota and GO-related traits (e.g., TRAb, TGAb, and TPOAb) in the combination of microbial effects. Results. Applying microbiome network analysis of cooccurrence patterns and analysis of topological properties, we found that s_Prevotella_copri and f_Prevotellaceae showed a significant correlation with TRAb. In particular, we applied the latent class model to explore the association between gut microbiota and GO-related traits in the combination of microbial effects. It was revealed that the subjects involved in the latent class model with the higher abundance of s_Prevotella_copri and g_Bacteroides had a higher TRAb level. Conclusions. Our results revealed the potential relationships between gut microbiota and GO-related traits in the combination of microbial effects. This study may provide a new insight into the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and TRAb-associated immune responses in GO patients.

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Ditlmann, Ruth K., and Johannes Kopf-Beck. "The meaning of being German: An inductive approach to national identity." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 7, no. 1 (June 18, 2019): 423–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.557.

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Germany is often cited as a paradigmatic case for an ethnic model of nationalism but in recent years introduced many civic elements into its citizenship policies. The goal of the current article is to explore how German citizens construct their national identity against this backdrop. Using an inductive approach, we asked 987 German citizens to describe what being German means for them. A latent class analysis of content-coded responses revealed four classes: a heritage-based identity class with a strong focus on language and culture (39%), an ideology-based identity class that revolves around democracy, welfare, freedom, and economy and safety (19%), a legal-formalistic identity class that is mostly concerned with the legal requirement for obtaining and holding citizenship of national identity (26%), and a trait-based identity class describing personality-traits that are supposed to be typical for Germans (16%). These findings expand upon and add nuance to the commonly used civic vs. ethnic national identity content typology.

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Batra, T. R., P. A. Macdonald, and M. J. Stear. "Association of class I bovine lymphocyte antigens with production traits in the Ayrshire breed." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 74, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas94-102.

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Ninety progeny tested Canadian Ayrshire bulls were serologically typed for the BoLA-A locus to determine the association of these alleles with production traits. After exclusion of bulls carrying alleles that occurred at frequencies lower than 2% or whose production proofs were not available, records from 78 bulls remained for analysis. A gene substitution model, which included the effects of BoLA alleles and the breeding value of the sire of the bull as covariate, was used to evaluate the additive effects of BoLA alleles of bulls (ETAs) on the production traits of their daughters. Allele W17 was significantly associated with ETA for milk, fat and protein yields. Allele CA96 was associated with significant increases in ETA for fat yield. There was no significant association of BoLA alleles with either ETA for fat or protein percentage. Key words: BoLA, production traits, Ayrshire

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Wetzel, Eunike, Marius Leckelt, Tanja M. Gerlach, and Mitja D. Back. "Distinguishing Subgroups of Narcissists with Latent Class Analysis." European Journal of Personality 30, no. 4 (July 2016): 374–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2062.

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This study investigated grandiose narcissism from a categorical perspective. We tested whether subgroups of narcissists can be distinguished that differ in their expressions of more agentic (narcissistic admiration, ADM) and more antagonistic (narcissistic rivalry, RIV) pathways of narcissism. We analysed three German samples (total N = 2211; Mage = 26; 70% female) and one US sample (N = 971; Mage = 35; 74% female) using latent class analysis. Four subgroups of narcissists were consistently identified across samples from Germany and the United States: low narcissists, moderate narcissists primarily characterized by agentic aspects (ADM), moderate narcissists characterized by both agentic and antagonistic aspects (ADM + RIV), and high narcissists. The subgroups were systematically related to a number of personality traits (e.g. Machiavellianism, impulsivity) and adjustment indicators (e.g. self–esteem, empathy). Members in the moderate narcissists—ADM subgroup showed the most adaptive characteristics while members in the moderate narcissists—ADM + RIV subgroup showed the most maladaptive characteristics. Investigating grandiose narcissism—a primarily quantitative trait—from a categorical perspective can yield valuable insights that would otherwise be overlooked. In addition, our results underline the utility of a self–regulatory process approach to grandiose narcissism that distinguishes between agentic and antagonistic dynamics. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Furnham, Adrian, and Helen Cheng. "Personality Traits and Socio-Demographic Variables as Predictors of Political Interest and Voting Behavior in a British Cohort." Journal of Individual Differences 40, no. 2 (April 2019): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000283.

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Abstract. This study examines the associations between socio-demographic variables, the Big Five personality traits, and the extent of political interest as well as voting behavior, in a large, nationally representative sample in the UK. The contribution of the Big Five personality traits to political issues over and above demography, education, and social class was the central focus. The analytic sample comprised 7,135 cohort members with complete data. Correlational analysis showed that personality traits and demographic variables were significantly associated with both political interest and voting behavior. Regression analysis showed that sex, education and occupation, and four of the five personality traits were significantly and independently associated with political interest in adulthood. Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness were significantly and positively associated with political interest, whereas Conscientiousness was negatively associated with the outcome variable. Personality accounted for incremental variance. Further, parental social class, education and occupation, and traits Emotional Stability and Openness were all significantly and positively associated with voting behavior. The results confirm other studies and show that personality traits account for unique variance over and above demographic factors in predicting political interests and behaviors.

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Martin, Matthew M., and Scott A. Myers. "Students' Communication Traits and Their Out-of-Class Communication with Their Instructors." Communication Research Reports 23, no. 4 (December 2006): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08824090600962599.

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TAKAHASHI, Yusuke, and Kei MIYAZAKI. "The relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms: A latent class analysis." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (September 19, 2013): 2AM—023–2AM—023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_2am-023.

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Peschel, Anne O., Carola Grebitus, Mohammed Hussen Alemu, and Renée S. Hughner. "Personality traits and preferences for production method labeling – A latent class approach." Food Quality and Preference 74 (June 2019): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.01.014.

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Arnold, R. J., J. B. Jett, and S. E. McKeand. "Natural variation and genetic parameters in Fraser fir for growth and Christmas tree traits." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 7 (July 1, 1994): 1480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-191.

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Open-pollinated progeny trials of Fraser fir (Abiesfraseri (Pursh) Poir.) assessed at 8 years provided genetic parameter estimates for growth, Christmas tree quality traits, and wholesale value at harvest age. Significant variation was found between and within nine different seed sources. Estimated individual tree heritabilities of important traits ranged from a low of 0.13 for USDA Christmas tree grade to a moderate value of 0.33 for crown diameter. Heritabilities within the better performing seed sources tended to be higher. Of the two traits that determine wholesale value, USDA grade and height class, the latter proved to have the greater influence, both phenotypically and genetically. Genetic correlations of early age height growth with 8-year total height, height class, USDA Christmas tree grade, and individual tree wholesale value proved favorable and strong (range of 0.57–0.96). In combination with moderate heritabilities for early growth traits, such correlations provide potential for effective early age selections in Fraser fir Christmas trees.

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Fatani, Nuha H., Manal Ahmed Ba Hammam, Hana’a Oraif, Sara Taher, Waleed Taju, and Omair Bukhari. "The Prevalence of Malocclusion among Schoolchildren in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 5 (March 15, 2019): 856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.188.

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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of malocclusion varies from one region to another and among different age groups and ethnicities. According to the World Health Organization, malocclusion is the third most common abnormal dental condition. AIM: This study aims to establish the prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in the Holy City of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 Saudi schoolchildren, 12-15 years of age, of both genders, randomly selected from 15 schools in different regions of Makkah. Molar and canine relationships were examined, in addition to traits such as crowding, spacing, overjet, overbite, cross-bite, scissor bite, and maxillary diastema. RESULTS: The most prevalent molar relationship was Class I (52.3%), followed by Class II (25%), and Class III (20.5%). Crowding was the most prevalent malocclusion trait (74%), and scissor bite was the least common (2.5%). A statistically significant difference was found between males and females in most of the recorded criteria (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Among schoolchildren in Makkah, Class I molar relationship was the most prevalent type of occlusion, and the most prevalent malocclusion trait was crowding.

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NGOMPE-DEFFO, Toscani, Eric Bertrand KOUAM, Honoré BEYEGUE-DJONKO, and Mariette ANOUMAA. "Evaluation of the Genetic Variation of Cowpea Landraces (Vigna unguiculata) from Western Cameroon Using Qualitative Traits." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9410109.

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Characterization of the genetic diversity and analysis of the genetic relationship between accessions of a crop species is a key step in breeding superior cultivars. The main objective of the hereby study was to determine the genetic variation between 30 cowpea accessions collected throughout the eight divisions of the Western Region of Cameroon using qualitative traits. Phenotypic variation of these accessions was evaluated using diversity indices and cluster analyses. A total of twenty qualitative traits were used for the study. Fifteen of them (75%) were polymorphic, displaying each at least two phenotypic classes. The monomorphic characters were growth pattern, leaf color, leaf hairiness, plant hairiness and pod hairiness, each with only one phenotypic class. Results showed a relatively significant level of genetic diversity among the studied cowpea accessions. Overall, the average of the observed and effective number of phenotypic classes per qualitative trait were Na = 2.350 and Ne = 1.828 respectively. The Nei’s genetic diversity and the Shannon weaver diversity index were He = 0.369, ranging from zero (monomorphic trait) to 0.655 (growth habit) and H’ = 0.609, ranging from zero (monomorphic trait) to 0.996 (seed crowding), respectively. The dendrogram constructed from the twenty qualitative traits revealed 05 accessions clusters with the number of accessions in each cluster varying from one to eleven. Information obtained from this study is likely be useful for future cowpea breeding program.

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Kester, Dale E., and Thos Gradziel. "GROWTH HABIT TRAIT NOMENCLATURE IN ALMOND AND PEACH PHENOTYPES." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1072e—1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1072e.

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Almond (Prunus dulcis MIll) and peach (Prunus persica L.) are closely related species with many genetic traits in common. Variation in growth habit shows a consistent pattern among populations of peach, almond and their hybrid offspring. From this material a system of growth habit traits has been identified based upon genetically controlled processes of vegetative shoot elongation and flower bud initiation. All flowers are produced from lateral buds. The classification proposed for their characterization includes:Class I. Growth from terminal buds on one year old shoots (six morphological groups),Class II. Growth produced from lateral buds on 1-year old shoots (three morphological groups),Class III. Combinations of Class I and II These classes cover the entire range of peach and almond phenotypes and probably all Prunus. Class I is precocious and produces flowers by the second year from growth initiation. Class II plants do not produce flowers until the third year. Expression is enhanced by increase in vigor.

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Acheampong, Patricia Pinamang, Victor Owusu, and Gyeile Nurah. "How does Farmer Preference matter in Crop variety Adoption? The case of Improved Cassava varieties’ Adoption in Ghana." Open Agriculture 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 466–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2018-0052.

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Abstract Ghana’s National Agricultural Research Systems have officially released 24 improved cassava varieties, which are high yielding, disease and pest resistant and early maturing. However, adoption of these varieties by mainly smallholder farmers is very low, leading to low yields and incomes. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the development and adoption of improved cassava varieties by assessing the preferences of farmers for cassava variety traits. The study explored Ghanaian cassava producers’ decision-making behaviour towards variety selection and the values they place on different cassava traits. It employed mixed logit and latent class models to estimate the values place on cassava traits, by using choice experiment data of 450 cassava producers from Ghana. Results revealed farmers’ preferences for longevity of root storage in the soil and disease resistance traits of cassava. The latent class model revealed that male youths were more likely to participate in improved varieties that take into account in-soil storage and multiple usages. The need for agricultural research systems to focus on other traits in addition to high yielding and disease resistance in order to boost adoption and increase production is imperative.

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Mahmoud, B. Y., A. S. Abdel Hafez, A. M. Emam, A. M. Abdelmoniem, and S. A. ElSafty. "Feathering rate impact on growth and slaughter traits of Japanese quail." Journal of Agricultural Science 156, no. 7 (September 2018): 942–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859618000990.

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AbstractA total of 1180 1-day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) chicks were used to investigate the effect of feathering rates on growth and slaughter traits. Feathering rates were classified based on the results of stepwise regression using numbers and lengths of both primaries and secondaries and tail length at 7 and 10 days of age as predictors. At 7 and 10 days old, number of primary feathers had phenotypically positive low correlations (rps) with body weight (BW), whereas number of secondaries had positive medium rps with BW at different ages. Lengths of primary, secondary and tail feathers had highly positive rps with BW traits at different ages. Results of stepwise multiple regressions indicated that BW at 14, 21 and 28 days of age can be predicted using lengths of secondary and tail feathers at 10 days old, number of secondaries at 7 days old and length of secondaries at 7 days old, respectively. Body weight at 35 days of age can be predicted using number of primaries,lengths of secondaries and tail at 10 days of age and number of secondaries at 7 days of age. Higher BWs were obtained in the fast-feathering class from 21 up to 35 days of age than in other groups, whereas the slow-feathering class had the lowest BW. Significant class differences were found for carcass weight, feather weight and dressing% favouring the fast- over the slow-feathering class. Therefore, early feathering rates improved BW at later ages and slaughter traits in Japanese quail.

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Barribeau, Seth M., Jandouwe Villinger, and Bruce Waldman. "Ecological immunogenetics of life-history traits in a model amphibian." Biology Letters 8, no. 3 (November 23, 2011): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0845.

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Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes determine immune repertoires and social preferences of vertebrates. Immunological regulation of microbial assemblages associated with individuals influences their sociality, and should also affect their life-history traits. We exposed Xenopus laevis tadpoles to water conditioned by adult conspecifics. Then, we analysed tadpole growth, development and survivorship as a function of MHC class I and class II peptide-binding region amino acid sequence similarities between tadpoles and frogs that conditioned the water to which they were exposed. Tadpoles approached metamorphosis earlier and suffered greater mortality when exposed to immunogenetically dissimilar frogs. The results suggest that developmental regulatory cues, microbial assemblages or both are specific to MHC genotypes. Tadpoles may associate with conspecifics with which they share microbiota to which their genotypes are well adapted.

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Grove, Rachel, Andrew Baillie, Carrie Allison, Simon Baron-Cohen, and Rosa A. Hoekstra. "Exploring the quantitative nature of empathy, systemising and autistic traits using factor mixture modelling." British Journal of Psychiatry 207, no. 5 (November 2015): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.155101.

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BackgroundAutism research has previously focused on either identifying a latent dimension or searching for subgroups. Research assessing the concurrently categorical and dimensional nature of autism is needed.AimsTo investigate the latent structure of autism and identify meaningful subgroups in a sample spanning the full spectrum of genetic vulnerability.MethodFactor mixture models were applied to data on empathy, systemising and autistic traits from individuals on the autism spectrum, parents and general population controls.ResultsA two-factor three-class model was identified, with two factors measuring empathy and systemising. Class one had high systemising and low empathy scores and primarily consisted of individuals with autism. Mainly comprising controls and parents, class three displayed high empathy scores and lower systemising scores, and class two showed balanced scores on both measures of systemising and empathy.ConclusionsAutism is best understood as a dimensional construct, but meaningful subgroups can be identified based on empathy, systemising and autistic traits.

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Neupane, Nabaraj. "Exploring Teacher Traits in Classroom Practices." Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8 (December 31, 2019): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v8i0.27303.

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Teachers play a key role to proliferate the educational system as they are at the implementation level of educational acts, rules and regulations. Their traits are at a flux because of temporal and contextual variations encountered in different settings. This context led this study to explore teacher traits in real classroom practices. To achieve this goal, phenomenological research design, as a type of qualitative inquiry, has been adopted. The population of the study comprised the stakeholders of Bachelor of Mountain Tourism Management (BMTM) programme conducted in Janapriya Multiple Campus, Pokhara. The tool for collecting information was non-participant class observation, in which three classes were observed. The results of the study reveal that teacher traits can be measured by triad roles like professional, administrative, and social dimensions. The study implies that teachers should be aware of these triad roles; and the current pedagogical trends and practices.

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Levy, Jacob J., John W. Lounsbury, and Kimberly N. Kent. "Big Five Personality Traits and Marching Music Injuries." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2009.3028.

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In a sample of 155 world-class drum and bugle corps performers, we studied marching music-related injuries in relation to the Big Five personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, and openness). Correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed concurrent relationships between the Big Five personality traits and self-reported injury. A linear combination of the Big Five traits accounted for 13% of the total variance in activity-related injuries. Two traits, openness and emotional stability, contributed significant unique variance in self-reported, marching music-related injuries. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

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Wang, Qijian, Xiaoni Zhang, Shengnan Lin, Shaozong Yang, Xiuli Yan, Mohammed Bendahmane, Manzhu Bao, and Xiaopeng Fu. "Mapping a double flower phenotype-associated gene DcAP2L in Dianthus chinensis." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 6 (January 28, 2020): 1915–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz558.

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Abstract The double flower is a highly important breeding trait that affects the ornamental value in many flowering plants. To get a better understanding of the genetic mechanism of double flower formation in Dianthus chinensis, we have constructed a high-density genetic map using 140 F2 progenies derived from a cross between a single flower genotype and a double flower genotype. The linkage map was constructed using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) with 2353 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis was conducted for 12 horticultural traits, and major QTLs were identified for nine of the 12 traits. Among them, two major QTLs accounted for 20.7% and 78.1% of the total petal number variation, respectively. Bulked segregant RNA-seq (BSR-seq) was performed to search accurately for candidate genes associated with the double flower trait. Integrative analysis of QTL mapping and BSR-seq analysis using the reference genome of Dianthus caryophyllus suggested that an SNP mutation in the miR172 cleavage site of the A-class flower organ identity gene APETALA2 (DcAP2L) is responsible for double flower formation in Dianthus through regulating the expression of DcAG genes.

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Karlin, Nancy J., and Paul A. Bell. "Assessing Commonality and Favorability of First Names." Psychological Reports 77, no. 1 (August 1995): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.1.97.

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From 1476 students enrolled in general psychology, the four most common and least common male and female first names were identified. Students in another class (31 men, 48 women) judged which of 20 traits they associated with each name. Compared with less common names, the more common names were associated with over twice as many favorable traits.

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Bergman, Robert T., John Waschak, Ali Borzabadi-Farahani, and Neal C. Murphy. "Longitudinal study of cephalometric soft tissue profile traits between the ages of 6 and 18 years." Angle Orthodontist 84, no. 1 (July 8, 2013): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/041513-291.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To study the longitudinal changes in 19 soft tissue cephalometric traits (according to the Bergman cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis). Materials and Methods: Cephalograms and photographs of 40 subjects (20 male, 20 female, from the Burlington Growth Centre) that were obtained at ages 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, and 18 years were used. Subjects were orthodontically untreated whites and had Class I dentoskeletal relationships (ideal overjet and overbite). Images were obtained with the lips in a relaxed position or lightly touching. Results: Three groups of soft tissue traits were identified: (1) traits that increased in size with growth (nasal projection, lower face height, chin projection, chin-throat length, upper and lower lip thickness, upper lip length, and lower lip–chin length); (2) traits that decreased in size with growth (interlabial gap and mandibular sulcus contour [only in females]); and (3) traits that remained relatively constant during growth (facial profile angle, nasolabial angle, lower face percentage, chin-throat/lower face height percentage, lower face–throat angle, upper incisor exposure, maxillary sulcus contour, and upper and lower lip protrusion). Conclusion: Current findings identify areas of growth and change in individuals with Class I skeletal and dental relationships with ideal overjet and overbite and should be considered during treatment planning of orthodontic and orthognathic patients.

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Kasilingam, R., and G. Jayabal. "An analysis on the behavioural traits of salaried class investors in Tamil Nadu." International Journal of Services, Economics and Management 2, no. 2 (2010): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsem.2010.030918.

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Vickers, Kasey C., and Annabelle Rodriguez. "Human Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Variants, Lipid Traits, and Cardiovascular Disease." Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics 7, no. 6 (December 2014): 735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circgenetics.114.000929.

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Lange, Christoph, and Nan M. Laird. "Power Calculations for a General Class of Family-Based Association Tests: Dichotomous Traits." American Journal of Human Genetics 71, no. 3 (September 2002): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/342406.

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Malec, Pinar Sinan. "Linguistic complexity of lecturers’ class register and its relationship to their personality traits." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 8, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2020-0024.

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Abstract Many research studies indicated a correlation between classroom behaviour and the language of the instructors and learners. The inter-language that the teachers prefer to use in the class differs from the natural, daily life conversations in linguistic terms. It is characterized by more simplistic, repetitive, carefully selected language, or “classroom register”. The paper discusses a „foreign language classroom register” as a specific linguistic subsystem which is operated both by the rules of linguistic simplification and by constraints imposed by the specific social (school) setting. The standard language used in a classroom communication with a high ratio of short basic and coordinate sentences, more universal constructions, such as base case nominal phrases and active present indicative verb phrases, the limited reduction in morphological complexity as a result of a preference for a simple sentence structure. The research study examines a linguistic complexity of the teacher talk with focus on reductions, modifications, and simplifications. It also studies the personal attitudes of lecturers toward school discourse and the relation between teachers´ personality and a language complexity of their language.

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Karki, Saujanya, Umesh Parajuli, Nischal Kunwar, Kunsang Namgyal, and Khamsum Wangdu. "Distribution of Malocclusion and Occlusal Traits among Tibetan Adolescents residing in Nepal." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v4i2.13895.

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Introduction: Malocclusion is the irregularity of teeth and is considered as oral health problem. Though etiology of malocclusion is multifactorial, it has considerable impact on the self esteem and social adjustment of an individual.Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and to assess the association between Angle classification of malocclusion and occlusal traits.Materials & Method: A cross sectional study was conducted among 138 Tibetan students of grade 8-12 were selected. Students with history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Data was recorded and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and chi square test was used to evaluate the association between Angle classification of malocclusion and occlusal traits.Result: The prevalence of malocclusion was found to be Angle’s Class I (52.90%), Angle’s Class II (5.10%) and Angle’s Class III (9.40%). Occlusal traits such as overbite, increased overjet, openbite, crossbite, displacement and hypodontia was found to be 5.79%, 10.8%, 10.86%, 9.42%, 50,72% and 4.34% respectively.Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion among Tibetan adolescent was found to be higher. Hence, oral health awareness, preventive procedures and promotional programs need to be more emphasized.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Class traits'

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