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1

Conforti, Giovanni, Pra Paolo Dai, and Sylvie Roelly. "Reciprocal class of jump processes." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7077/.

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Processes having the same bridges as a given reference Markov process constitute its reciprocal class. In this paper we study the reciprocal class of compound Poisson processes whose jumps belong to a finite set A in R^d. We propose a characterization of the reciprocal class as the unique set of probability measures on which a family of time and space transformations induces the same density, expressed in terms of the reciprocal invariants. The geometry of A plays a crucial role in the design of the transformations, and we use tools from discrete geometry to obtain an optimal characterization. We deduce explicit conditions for two Markov jump processes to belong to the same class. Finally, we provide a natural interpretation of the invariants as short-time asymptotics for the probability that the reference process makes a cycle around its current state.
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2

Herrmann, Jana. "Ken Loach : voice of the working class." Bachelor's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7198/.

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Ken Loach has been playing an important role for the British cinema for more than five decades now. His work has gained international regocnition and recieved various prestigious awards. Some of his films were even quite successful at the box office, nevertheless many people have still not heard of him. That is regrettable, because Loach is without doubt one of the best in his field. This paper is meant to show what distinguishes his films from the work of other directors and explains why his films are of such great value. Loach's career can be broadly divided into three stages, which will be specified in the first chapter of the paper. Afterwards three examples were chosen to illustrate Loach's working methods and the results of these. The films Kes (1969), Riff-Raff (1991) and My Name Is Joe (1998) are dealt with in separate chapters in chronological order, in this way the development of Loach's career can be reproduced. First the contents and backgrounds of the particular films will be briefly explained, followed by the analysis of important aspects of Loach's work based on the examples.
Ken Loach ist seit mehr als fünf Jahrzehnten ein wichtiger Teil der britischen Filmszene. Längst hat seine Arbeit auch international Anerkennung gefunden und wurde mit vielen renommierten Auszeichnungen bedacht. Einige seiner Filme liefen sogar an den Kinokassen recht erfolgreich, trotzdem ist er für viele Menschen noch immer kein Begriff. Das ist sehr bedauerlich, denn Loach gehört zweifelsohne zu den ganz Großen in seinem Fach. Diese Arbeit soll aufzeigen, worin seine Filme sich von den Werken anderer Regisseure unterscheiden und warum sie so wertvoll sind. Loachs Werdegang lässt sich grob in drei Phasen unterteilen, welche im ersten Teil der Arbeit näher beschrieben werden. Anschließend wurden drei Beispiele ausgewählt, mit deren Hilfe Loachs Arbeitsweise und die dadurch erzielte Wirkung veranschaulicht werden. Den Filmen Kes (1969),Riff-Raff (1991) und My Name Is Joe (1998) ist in chronologischer Reihenfolge jeweils ein Kapitel gewidmet, um auf diese Weise auch eine Entwicklung in Loachs Laufbahn nachvollziehen zu können. Die Inhalte und die Hintergründe der einzelnen Filme werden zunächst kurz erläutert, um dann anschließend auf wichtige Aspekte von Loachs Schaffen anhand der Beispiele einzugehen.
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3

Larouche, Tremblay François. "Analyse détaillée du fonctionnement interne du schéma de surface CLASS." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25359.

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Le fonctionnement du schéma de surface canadien CLASS a été analysé en détail, basé sur une démarche de rétroconception. L’impact des multiples variables d’états du modèle sur les termes des bilans énergétique et hydrique a été expliqué. La valeur des albédos et des transmissivités de la canopée augmente en fin de saison lorsque la canopée devient moins dense. Donc, le rayonnement au sol augmente alors que celui à la canopée diminue. La résistance de couche limite de la feuille ralentit les transferts de chaleur sensible et latente à la canopée durant le jour, mais n’a aucune influence la nuit. La résistance aérodynamique au transfert de chaleur est plus élevée le jour que la nuit. Elle influe sur les flux de chaleur sensible et latente à la canopée. La résistance de surface au transfert de chaleur est très élevée le jour et peu élevée la nuit. Elle influe sur les flux de chaleur sensible et latente au sol. La résistance stomatale est très grande la nuit. Elle freine le transfert de chaleur latente durant le jour et n’a aucune influence sur les flux de chaleur sensible. Finalement, on a observé de grandes fluctuations de température et de teneur en eau dans les deux premières couches de sol. Tandis que la troisième couche de sol a montré une réaction très lente aux précipitations et aux variations de température à la surface du sol. Les résultats sont supportés d’explications théoriques très détaillées dans la section théorie.
Canadian Land Surface Scheme
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4

Marek, Greta I., and Laura Dower. "Integrating Test-Enhanced Learning into a 2014 BSN Foundations of Nursing Class: A Pilot Project." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8406.

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5

Furtado, Claudio Oliveira. "Ações afirmativas na sociedade de classes: um estudo sobre o ingresso do negro na Unioeste (2014-2016)." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3893.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This paper addresses the affirmative actions in Brazil aimed at the black population, within the class society, taking into account the challenges, perspectives of access in undergraduate courses, with reference to Unioeste. It is a bibliographical and documentary research whose exposition is organized in three chapters. The theoretical-methodological method that guided this work is given by the analysis of the society of classes, understanding how the blacks are inserted in its interior. We recognize the Negro not as a social group apart, but as a constituent part of the whole working class. The implementation of the reserve system of vacancies/ quotas in public universities has been presented as a promoter of the democratization of access to opportunities in higher education. Despite the legislation and new public policies implemented in the last decades, such initiatives are still insufficient in the face of the reality of inequalities and social exclusion, since such policy is the subject of many discussions and controversies reducing the subject to a simplistic view, against or in favor Studying social practices, we try to get out of this polarization to understand the interpretations about blacks in the History of Education. From this historiographical analysis we find that they have been inferior in traditional history. When analyzing the black, in the work and in the school education from the beginning of the Brazilian colonization, we verified some paradoxes, like its reduced participation in the formal education, and its later attempt of inclusion. Despite being the majority of the Brazilian population, the black presence in the Brazilian Higher Education is very low in relation to the whites, mainly in the Unioeste campuses. After several centuries of the discovery of Brazil, the socioeconomic differences between whites and blacks remain. With the approval of Law nº. 12,711, of August 29, 2012, which allocates 50% of vacancies to self-declared candidates, blacks, brown or indigenous people, it has resumed debates on affirmative action, not only at an educational level, but also at a social level. The process of implementing this Law points to the need to problematize the racial question within the universities. Based on this perspective, this research questions whether the policy of reserving vacancies / quotas really contributes to the democratization of access and permanence in higher education.
Este trabalho aborda as ações afirmativas no Brasil voltadas à população negra, no interior da sociedade de classes, levando em conta os desafios, perspectivas de acesso nos cursos de graduação, tendo como referência a Unioeste. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental cuja exposição está organizada em três capítulos. O método teórico-metodológico que norteou este trabalho se dá pela análise da sociedade de classes, compreendendo como os negros estão inseridos em seu interior. Reconhecemos o negro não como um grupo social a parte, mas como parte constitutiva de toda a classe trabalhadora. A implementação do sistema de reserva de vagas/cotas nas universidades públicas vem sendo apresentada como promotora da democratização do acesso às oportunidades na educação superior. Apesar da legislação e das novas políticas públicas implementadas nas últimas décadas, tais iniciativas ainda são insuficientes diante da realidade tecida de desigualdades e exclusão social, visto que tal política é objetos de muitas discussões e polêmicas reduzindo o assunto a uma visão simplista, de contra ou a favor. Estudando as práticas sociais, procuramos sair dessa polarização para compreender as interpretações sobre os negros na História da Educação. A partir dessa análise historiográfica constatamos que eles estiveram inferiorizados na história tradicional. Ao analisarmos o negro, no trabalho e na educação escolar desde o início da colonização brasileira, constatamos alguns paradoxos, como a sua participação reduzida no ensino formal, e sua posterior tentativa de inclusão. Mesmo sendo a maioria da população brasileira, a presença negra no Ensino Superior brasileiro é muito baixa em relação aos brancos, principalmente nos campi da Unioeste. Passados vários séculos do descobrimento do Brasil, as diferenças socioeconômicas entre brancos e negros permanecem. Com aprovação da Lei de nº 12.711, de 29 de agosto de 2012, que destina 50% das vagas para candidatos autodeclarados pretos, pardos ou indígenas reiniciou os debates sobre ações afirmativas não somente em nível educacional, mas também social. O processo de implementação desta Lei aponta para a necessidade de problematizar a questão racial no interior das universidades. Com base nessa perspectiva, esta pesquisa questiona se a política de reserva de vagas/cotas realmente contribui para a democratização do acesso e permanência no ensino superior.
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6

Ribeiro, Luiz Vicente Fonseca. "Pobreza e riqueza no Brasil: análise de classes do período 2002-2014." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5589.

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Nossa tese é de que a distribuição desigual de ativos produtivos importantes afeta as possibilidades de vida de milhões de pessoas. Os problemas relacionados à conceituação e à mensuração de pobreza e riqueza continuam a desafiar os especialistas, mas algumas contribuições foram feitas nos últimos anos a fim de caracterizar os fenômenos e de explicar os diferenciais encontrados nas chances de ser rico ou nos riscos de ser pobre. Aproveitando essa tendência, nosso trabalho analisa o problema da pobreza e as questões relativas à riqueza no Brasil, sob uma perspectiva sociológica, avaliando os resultados por meio de clivagens sociais relevantes, em especial a de classes sociais. Utilizamos os dados das PNADs de 2002 a 2014 para comparar a evolução dos indicadores de pobreza e riqueza no país. A partir de modelos logísticos foi possível considerar o nível e a tendência das probabilidades de pobreza e de riqueza em razão das diversas categorias dos grupos sociais. A definição de pobreza é feita a partir de diferentes conceitos e operacionalizada em diferentes espaços. Para definição dos ricos, utilizamos o ordenamento da renda mensal de todas as fontes, com linhas traçadas para os 10%, 5% e 1%. Nossos resultados mostram a melhora da situação da população em relação às condições de sobrevivência e atendimento das necessidades básicas, ao mesmo tempo que permanecem muito vivas as distinções de classe e outras clivagens para noções mais relativistas de pobreza e também para as chances de riqueza.
Our thesis is that the unequal distribution of important assets affects the possibilities of life of millions of people. The problems related to the conceptualization and measurement of poverty and wealth continue to challenge the specialists, but some contributions have been made in recent years in order to characterize the phenomena and to explain the differentials found in the chances of being rich or the risks of being poor. Taking advantage of this trend, our work looks at the problem of poverty and the issues of wealth in Brazil, under a sociological perspective, assessing the results through relevant social divides, especially of social classes. We use data from the PNAD 2002-2014 to compare the evolution of the indicators of poverty and wealth in the country. Through logistic models was possible considering the level and trend of the probabilities of poverty and wealth as a result of the various categories of social groups. The definition of poverty is take from different concepts and operationalized in different spaces. For definition of the rich, we use the monthly income from all sources, with lines drawn for the 10%, 5% and 1% richer. Our results show the improvement of the situation of the population in relation to survival conditions and meeting the basic needs, while at the same time remain very vivid the distinctions of class and other divisions for more relativistic notions of poverty and also to the chances of wealth.
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7

Conforti, Giovanni, Christian Léonard, Rüdiger Murr, and Sylvie Roelly. "Bridges of Markov counting processes : reciprocal classes and duality formulas." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7185/.

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Processes having the same bridges are said to belong to the same reciprocal class. In this article we analyze reciprocal classes of Markov counting processes by identifying their reciprocal invariants and we characterize them as the set of counting processes satisfying some duality formula.
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8

Jančenkas, Ernestas. "Kratologija: galios ir kai kurių jos aspektų analizė naudojantis šiuolaikinėje politinėje filosofijoje formuluojamomis teorijomis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140722_103118-44592.

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Darbe, pasitelkiant įvairias šiuolaikinės politinės filosofijos teorijas, analizuojama galia ir trys jos aspektai: ekonominė galia, politinė galia ir galia-žinojimas. Darbe parodoma, kad politinė galia yra daug labiau suvaržanti individo laisvę veikti nei ekonominė galia, su sąlyga, kad ekonominė galia nesinaudoja politinės galios priemonėmis. Taip yra dėl to, kad nepaklusnumo ekonominei galiai kaštai yra gerokai mažesni nei bet kada anksčiau. Kita vertus, nepaklusnumas politinei galiai, tiek prieš daugelį metų, tiek ir dabar reiškia politinės galios darinių agresiją paklusti atsisakančio individo atžvilgiu. Su trečiuoju galios aspektu yra kiek sudėtingiau. Kaip tik čia filosofo darbas įgauna didelę svarbą. Pasak Foucault, Deleuze‘o ir kt., intelektualai turi analizuoti ir mėginti suvokti, kaip mus veikia internalizuotos galios sampratos bei įvairios savaime-suprantamybės, kurios lemia mūsų paklusnumą ar nepaklusnumą galiai ir mūsų požiūrį į įvairias jos apraiškas. Kitaip sakant, filosofas turi reflektuoti minties santykį su galia. M. Foucault ko gero geriausiai suformulavo šią problemą iškeldamas savąjį politinės filosofijos klausimą: Kaip galia gamina tiesos diskursus, kurie turi tokį stiprų poveikį mums? Siekiant atsakyti į pastarąjį klausimą analizuojama socialistinė tradicija, jos santykis su galia ir galios santykis su socializmu.
The work deals with the analysis of power and its various aspects, namely economic power, political power and power-knowledge. Throughout the work various models are used that are drawn from various contemporary authors, M. Foucault, M. N. Rothbard, G. Deleuze, Z. Bauman among them. The work tries to answer the question posed by M. Foucault: How does Power create truth-discourses that have such a great effect upon us? To answer this question the tradition of socialism is analyzed. The analysis of socialism provides a clear cut example how Power can be augmented via various discourses that are sympathetic towards its growth and how various attempts by the Power to suppress socialism have actually entrenched and radicalized the socialist discourse among its adherents.
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Asri, Paramita, and Nikolaos Tsourounakis. "The Eye of Co-Creation: A Guide for Governance of Cultural Co-Creative Projects : Taking Umeå 2014 European Capital of Culture as a Case Study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-85513.

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Creative economies can establish sustainable development through co-creative cultural projects. Project management practice and particularly project governance can balance creativity and control fostering the co-creative environment that inspires and ignites innovation. The success of those cultural projects is the platform that leads to long-term development and growth.   This thesis work aims to answer the following research question, “How will project governance structure provide the environment for the co-creation approach to flourish and enhance project performance?” The objective of this research is to examine how the project governance structure creates a conducive environment for the co-creation approach to burgeon and boost project performance.   The authors investigate the subject by building a theoretical frame of reference, formulating a proposition and designing the research strategy in order to answer the research question. This research applies the qualitative method through semi-structured interviews based on a case study on Umeå 2014 as the ECoC. Thirteen respondents participated in this research, all of whom are members of the Umeå 2014 Project Team. As secondary data, six interviews with Umeå 2014 project owners were investigated and analysed in order to support and increase the reliability of the research findings from the primary data analysis. All primary and secondary data were analysed based on the theoretical framework.   The research revealed that project governance nurtures the environment necessary for co-creation to flourish. The co-creation approach will flourish when developed within the mixture of hierarchical and relational project governance structures that foster co-creative elements. The synergy between co-creation and project governance will boost the potential to achieve sustainable development and long-term growth.
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Paredes, Espejo David Eduardo. "La clase media en el Perú en los años 2012 y 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/16723.

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Berlioux, Florent. "Salariés et salariées de Fralib à Gémenos. Une anthropologie des subjectivités ouvrières (vers 1980-2014)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH209.

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De 2010 à 2014, l’usine de conditionnement de thés et d’infusions Fralib, près de Marseille, est le théâtre d’une lutte ouvrière parmi les plus importantes de ces trois dernières décennies. Engagé-e-s sur le terrain syndical, politique et judiciaire contre une grande multinationale de l’agroalimentaire, les salarié-e-s combattent la délocalisation de leur usine en Pologne. Ils/elles ambitionnent de se réapproprier les outils de production et construire une coopérative porteuse d’engagements sociaux et environnementaux. Des luttes similaires d’« usines récupérées » se sont multipliées ces deux dernières décennies s’inspirant des premières expériences de récupération en Argentine. Ces mobilisations ouvrières proposent des formes de résistances originales à la déterritorialisation d’une économie capitaliste mondialisées mettant les travailleur-se-s de différents pays en concurrence, tout en les éloignant des centres de décision.Dans un contexte d’invisibilité sociale et politique des mouvements ouvriers, ce travail enquête sur les subjectivités des acteur-rice-s de cette mobilisation présentée comme une lutte « pour la préservation de l’emploi ». La fermeture d’une usine n’est pas anticipée par les travailleur-se-s mais le « collectif des salariés » qui y fait face trouve ses fondements dans l’économie des relations sociales de l’atelier. A partir d’un travail ethnographique, l’analyse restitue l’économie morale des travailleur-se-s de l’usine ces trente dernières années et étudie leur « capacité d’agir » (agency) dans un espace de dominations.Cette études se focalise sur l’hybridisation des acteur-rice-s de l’employé-e-s au coopérateur-rice-s au travers d’une lutte sociale, économique, politique et culturelle. Par quels processus les salarié-e-s d’une usine en viennent à revendiquer sa propriété ? Comment les ouvrier-ère-s passent des résistances individuelles et collectives en production à la constitution d’un acteur politique ? Comment se positionnent-ils/elles vis-à-vis de l’histoire des mouvements ouvriers auparavant au cœur de la vie politique et aujourd’hui marginalisés ? Quels sont les rapport des individus avec la « classe » et ses institutions représentatives ?
From 2010 to 2014, Fralib tea and herbals processing factory, near Marseille in France, was the arena of one of the most important worker’s struggle within the last three decades. The employees are engaged in a fight against a big food multinational company throughout the politicial, the judicial and the union fields, and against the relocation of the factory in Poland. They reclaim the machines to build a cooperative carrying social and environmental values. Such « recovering factory » struggle multiplied last two decades from the argentine’s primal experiences. These workers mobilizations are original forms of resistances against the deterritorialization of a globalising capitalist ecnonomy that makes them compete from a country to another, while keeping them away from decision-making centers.In a context marked by a political and social marginalisation of the labour mouvements, this study investigate the subjectivities of the actors and the actresses of this struggle who present it as a fight for keeping employments. The closure of a factory is not expected by the workers, but the « workers’ collective » that faces it, takes root into the previous social relationships in the workshop. Based on a ethnographic fieldwork, the analysis shows the workers moral economy in the factory the last thirty years and their agency in a space of dominations. This study focuses on the hybridization of the actors and actresses from employees to cooperators all along a social, economical, political and cultural fight. Through what processes the workers of a factory come to a claim of the property ? How the workers shift from individual and collective resistances in production to a political agent ? How do they take a stand on the labour movements history previously unavoidable on the political life but now marginalized ? How do they take a stand on the « working class » and it representative institutions ?
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Šimanskytė, Žiedė. "Aukštesnių klasių mokinių požiūris į kūno kultūros pamokas." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140620_101433-05777.

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Aukštesnių klasių mokinių požiūris į kūno kultūros pamokas Raktiniai žodžiai: kūno kultūra, mokiniai, pamoka, požiūris, aukštesnės klasės. Objektas: mokinių požiūris į kūno kultūros pamokas. Tikslas: atskleisti aukštesnių klasių mokinių požiūrį į kūno kultūros pamokas. Uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti 9 klasių mokinių požiūrį į kūno kultūros pamokas lyties aspektu. 2. Išanalizuoti 10 klasių mokinių požiūrį į kūno kultūros pamokas lyties aspektu. 3. Palyginti 9 ir 10 klasių mokinių požiūrį į kūno kultūros pamokas. Išvados: 1. Devintos klasės merginos dažniau nurodė, kad kūno kultūros pamokos yra neįdomios bei jose patiria per didelį krūvį, o vaikinai dažniau teigė, kad jiems pamokų krūvis yra per mažas. Kūno kultūros pamokos vaikinams – tai sportinių galimybių atskleidimas, o merginoms – pareigos atlikimas. Tyrimas parodė, kad merginos per kūno kultūros pamokas labiausiai pasigenda žaidimų, o vaikinai norėtų daugiau kūno kultūros pamokų. Vaikinų nuomone, kūno kultūra ugdo pasitikėjimą savimi, o merginų nuomone – pergalės džiaugsmą. 2. Dešimtos klasės merginos teigė, kad joms kūno kultūros pamokose labiausiai trūksta geresnių mokytojų, o vaikinams daugiau kūno kultūros pamokų. Merginos įvardino fizinį aktyvumą, kaip pagrindinę temą, kurią mokytojas su mokiniais kalba per kūno kultūros pamokas. Vaikinai taip pat sakė, kad mokytojas kartais su jais kalba sveikos gyvensenos, pirmosios pagalbos ištikus nelaimei ir sveikatą žalojančių dietų tema. Merginos teigė, kad mokytojas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Attitude of senior pupils towards physical education classes Keywords: physical education, pupils, class, attitude, senior forms. Object: attitude of pupils towards physical education classes. Aim: to disclose attitude of senior pupils towards physical education classes. Tasks: 1. To analyze attitude of 9th form pupils towards physical education classes – gender aspect. 2. To analyze attitude of 10th form pupils towards physical education classes – gender aspect. 3. To compare attitudes of 9th and 10th form pupils towards physical education classes. Conclusions: 1. Ninth class girls more often indicated that lessons of physical education are not interesting, they get too big physical load, and boys more often stated that physical load could be bigger for them. For boys lessons of physical education are a chance to express their sports abilities, for girls – doing their duty. The research revealed that girls miss games most often in lessons of physical education, boys would like to have more lessons of physical education. In the boys' opinion physical education develops their self-confidence, in girls' opinion – joy of being victorious. 2. Tenth class girls stated that they feel the lack of good teachers in lessons of physical education, boys would like to have more lessons of physical education. Girls named physical activity as a main topic of teachers and students during lessons. Also, boys said that the teacher sometimes speaks about healthy lifestyle, first aid in... [to full text]
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13

Robinson, H. C. (Hilary C. ). "Making a digital working class : Uber drivers in Boston, 2016-2017." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113946.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 216-226).
Pocket computers, called "smartphones," have become a part of everyday life over the past decade. Most people now routinely carry around with them millions of times more computing power than generated the Apollo mission to the Moon. They use it to access, process, and share information quickly and cheaply, in furtherance of the things people have long done: buying and selling, socializing, and so on, yet faster and across greater distances-characteristic of what we call "modernity." This has affected the ways in which people are working, and who is working, doing what, today. This thesis reports the results of a field study of one new kind of laborer who has been brought into work consequent to the smartphone: Uber drivers. The author conducted ethnographic fieldwork over one year in Boston, Massachusetts, and the surrounding area using ride-along sampling, participant observation, lengthy interviewing, and systematic coding in order to better understand a software-organized, person-to-person labor market in which the person who does the labor also brings the capital in the form of a vehicle used to provide transportation to other people. The first chapter of the thesis provides a typology of Uber drivers based on semi-random sampling through ride-alongs. The second chapter describes collective action that was undertaken by Uber drivers at Boston's Logan Airport in the form of a strike against the algorithm, which was an effort to induce the software to perceive an (artificial) driver shortage, leading to an increase in the price of fares. The third chapter offers a theory of the structure of Uber as an organization that mobilizes labor by using software to facilitate economic transactions that are triangulated between two users and the firm. The chapter also explains how this structure was particularly apt at mobilizing large numbers of people to carry out "regulatory breach," as they worked as Uber drivers doing the equivalent of taxi or livery work without complying with any of the applicable legal regulations. The final chapter explains how analysis of the field data, in combination with the new theoretical insights of the thesis, drives a conclusion suggested by the thesis title: that Uber has made a digital working class.
by H. C. Robinson.
Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS)
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14

Reis, Diogo Anunciação. "Determinantes do diferencial de preço entre classes de ações: evidências do mercado brasileiro no período de 2002 a 2014." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13430.

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Este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir para a discussão acerca do diferencial relativo de preços entre duas classes de ações - ordinárias nominativas (ON) e preferenciais nominativas (PN) - no Brasil e os seus determinantes no período compreendido entre 2002 e 2014. Considerando-se a disseminada utilização de duas classes de ações (com e sem direito de voto) por empresas listadas na BMFBovespa – permitindo a separação entre controle e propriedade - e a elevada concentração do controle, este trabalho contribui para o entendimento dos potenciais conflitos de interesse entre acionistas majoritários e minoritários. Utilizou-se o método de mínimos quadrados ordinários (MQO) e os procedimentos de efeitos fixos (EF) e aleatórios (EA) para um painel formado por 46 companhias listadas resultando em 1.653 observações. Foram encontradas evidências de que as ações ON (com direito a voto) são negociadas com prêmio em relação às PN (sem direito a voto) e de que o prêmio (pelo voto) apresenta leve tendência de alta durante o período. Por fim, em relação aos determinantes, foram encontradas evidências de que o maior grau de proteção aos acionistas minoritários, o tamanho da empresa e a maior proporção de ativos tangíveis (imobilizados) estão negativamente associados ao prêmio pelo voto.
This paper aims to contribute to the discussion about dual-class premium (voting and non-voting shares) and its determinants in Brazil from 2002 to 2014. Considering the disseminated issuance of voting and non-voting shares by Brazilian listed firms – allowing the separation of ownership and control – and concentrated ownership, this paper contributes to the understanding of potencial conflicts of interest between majority and minority shareholders. This paper applies the ordinary least square (OLS) method and the procedures of fixed (FE) and random effects (RE) for a panel of 46 listed companies resulting in 1.653 observations. We found evidence that supports a premium of voting shares over non-voting shares (voting Premium). Furthermore, this premium presented a slight upward trend during the period. Finally, regarding the determinants, we found evidence that higher protection levels of minority shareholders rights, firm’s size and higher proportion of tangible assets are negatively associated to voting premium.
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15

Rubiales, Pérez Miguel. "Patrones socioterritoriales de las clases altas en las regiones metropolitanas de Barcelona y Madrid (2001 – 2015)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462770.

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Durante la primera década de los años 2000, la mayor parte de la investigación sociológica mantenía un pensamiento eminentemente aespacial. Por otra parte, la geografía humana y la demografía habían dirigido su atención sobre la inmigración, protagonista de una gran transformación en el país. Durante la década de los 2000, los estudios sobre la segregación de la población extranjera tomaron el relevo de los trabajos sobre segregación entre clases sociales, más característicos de los años noventa. Esto comenzó a cambiar a partir de la activación de las políticas de austeridad en torno a 2012. Esta tesis es también resultado de un clima en el que se renovaba el interés por las dinámicas de clase. Tanto en los estudios sobre segregación étnica, como en los de segregación socioeconómica, está presente la preocupación por las desigualdades y por la formación de concentraciones de población desfavorecida. La atención sobre los guetos amalgama una tradición de investigación reivindicativa, con una actitud de sospecha generalizada hacia las personas desfavorecidas. Esta preocupación por la localización de los grupos desfavorecidos ha ido sustituyendo a la preocupación por sus condiciones de vida y por la desigualdad que sufren. De forma similar, la preocupación por la igualdad se ha deslizado hacia la preocupación por la desigualdad de oportunidades que, supuestamente, estarían generando los guetos y los “efecto barrio”. Así, la prevención del gueto es una política transversal, capaz de generar adhesiones en todo el espectro político. Sin embargo, algunas voces destacaban los posibles beneficios en términos de empleo y oportunidades que podían tener los extranjeros gracias a su concentración territorial (Bayona, 2007) o los problemas que enfrenta la población con menos recursos cuando su entorno social se transforma y experimentan una gentrificación de usos en la que se pierde, por ejemplo, la red de comercios con productos asequibles (Slater, 2009). El interés inicial sobre el “nivel socioeconómico” se concentró en “las clases altas” a partir del artículo de (Atkinson y Flint, 2004) sobre las urbanizaciones cerradas en el Reino Unido. Ese artículo, entre otras aportaciones, sostiene que los problemas asociados a la proliferación de las urbanizaciones cerradas no se habían estudiado a causa de sesgos en la academia y la sociedad, que dificultan problematizar las acciones de las clases altas. Este sesgo aparecía también de forma clara en las investigaciones sobre segregación. Aunque los grupos privilegiados aparecen de forma sistemática como aquellos que más contribuían a las diferencias socioespaciales, los estudios de segregación denuncian, localizan, delimitan y concentran la atención (y la sospecha) sobre la segregación de los grupos desfavorecidos, la más alarmante. Estudiar las clases altas, de alguna forma, puede ayudar a distribuir la sospecha. Por otra parte, restringir el estudio a las clases altas, prometía, paradójicamente, ampliar los resultados de la investigación. En primer lugar, porque para los cálculos de segregación de las clases altas debía atenderse también al conjunto de clases y grupos; en segundo lugar, porque como su segregación se supone voluntaria, estudiar su separación del resto permitía analizar también sus motivos y razones; finalmente, aparecía una razón de peso metodológico: las clases más altas y más bajas son las que más carácter de clase inscriben en el territorio, pero es la clase alta la que está más normalizada y aparece mejor recogida en registros, censos, datos, nóminas y contratos. Ante un censo de 2011 que se anticipaba incierto, los datos y registros de la clase alta serían mejor indicador de las dinámicas socioterritoriales de clase. El último cambio de relevancia que se incorpora es el paso de la idea de segregación entre grupos, al concepto de patrones territoriales. Esta transformación fue ocurriendo durante la investigación. Los resultados del análisis de ecología factorial muestran zonas metropolitanas diferenciadas entre sí y fuertemente asociadas a determinadas clases sociales. Esta asociación entre grupos y territorios también aparece en el imaginario y los discursos recogidos por las primeras entrevistas. Además de la asociación empírica y simbólica entre grupos y zonas urbanas, el campo cualitativo apuntaba también a fuertes asociaciones entre localizaciones, funciones y prácticas. Lugar de residencia y clase social, ya de por sí fuertemente relacionados, resultaban determinantes en la configuración de determinadas pautas de ocio, movilidad, socialización… El círculo se cierra cuando sus habitantes mantienen y acondicionan el territorio de forma que siga sosteniendo estas prácticas con eficacia. Así, territorio, clase, prácticas y capital simbólico conforman diferentes patrones socioterritoriales especialmente adecuados para el análisis de las dinámicas de segregación, integración, estigmatización territorial, gentrificación…
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16

Oliveira, Diego Batista Rodrigues de. "Vem Pra Rua e o Movimento Brasil Livre : uma análise marxista dos "movimentos de classe média" sob os governos de Dilma Rousseff (2015-2016) e Michel Temer (2016-2018)." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais, 2018. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000219478.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o Vem Pra Rua e o Movimento Brasil Livre, movimentos de cunho liberal e conservador que ganharam expressão no atual contexto brasileiro, ao se destacarem na organização dos protestos que serviram de base social para o impeachment da presidente Dilma Rousseff. Em vista disso, tangenciaremos o debate sobre as classes médias no interior do marxismo, buscando abordar elementos que nos possibilitem pensar suas formas de expressão de classe. Nesse sentido, nos apropriamos do debate sobre os efeitos pertinentes, desenvolvido por Poulantzas, para pensarmos o comportamento político e ideológico das classes médias. Como o marxismo tem privilegiado a análise dos movimentos relacionados ao trabalho e à reprodução da força de trabalho, o surgimento de grupos com bandeiras liberais e conservadoras deixa uma lacuna na análise dos movimentos sociais. Nossa contribuição reside, portanto, em demonstrar, a partir de uma conjuntura específica, a possibilidade de frações das classes médias se organizarem em movimentos-apoio para a defesa de seus interesses particulares e/ou em apoio às frações hegemônicas no interior do bloco no poder.
This Master Thesis aims to analyze the liberal and conservative movements, “Vem Pra Rua” and “Movimento Brasil Livre”, which has increased its expressions in the current Brazilian context. These movements have stood out for being the organization of protests that based the popular manifestos for Dilma Rousseff´s Impeachment. Regarding these movements, this research intends to discuss middle class issues, with a Marxist approach, by seizing their class expressions. In this sense, we have appropriated Poulantzas analytical framework on relevant effects, to think the ideological and political behavior of the middle classes. As Marxism has privileged the analysis of labor-related movements and the reproduction of the labor force, the liberal and conservative uprising groups leave a gap in the analysis of social movements. For this reason, this thesis argues how some fractions of middle classes are organizing themselves into support movements, aiming the defense of their particular interests or, in the same sense, to support the hegemonic fractions within the power bloc.
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17

Correia, Sara José Rodrigues. "Discurso político e poder: a instrumentalização da ideia de autodeterminação pela classe política madeirense no período 2010-2017." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17475.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Política
A dissertação tem como objeto de estudo a autodeterminação da classe política madeirense reivindicada durante os discursos proferidos nas sessões legislativas regionais, entre 2010-2017. A escolha deve-se ao facto de apesar a ligação entre o discurso da autodeterminação e a formação de novos Estados ser constante ao longo dos tempos, o seu estudo encontra-se pouco representado na literatura. Deste modo, o objetivo é identificar e explanar a posição e intenção da autodeterminação da classe política madeirense proferida durante os discursos parlamentares regionais durante e pós crise económico-financeira. A questão nuclear que norteia a investigação é: Com que intenção usou a classe política madeirense o discurso de autodeterminação durante os anos da Troika em Portugal? Para tal socorri à metodologia qualitativa e quantitativa, mais concretamente o método da análise de conteúdo e ao software MAXQDA. O principal outcome é o de que a classe política da RAM profere um discurso como símbolo de poder e como uma ferramenta de contestação contra o poder do Governo Central e que com o objetivo de obter financiamentos, através do discurso, ergue um movimento de autodeterminação acentuada e persuasivamente durante o período de crise financeira, acrescendo na era da Troika, enquanto que a partir do período pós-Troika as reivindicações tornam-se menos frequentes e menos agudas
The aim of this study was to explore the self-determination claims of the political class in Madeira during the speeches delivered in the regional legislative sessions between 2010-2017. This choice comes from the fact that, despite the link between the selfdetermination speech and the formation of new States being constant throughout the years, the study is not represented enough in literature. In this sense, the intent is to identify and explain the self-determination claimed by Madeira’s political class at the regional legislative sessions during and after the financial crisis. The nuclear question that guides this investigation is: What was the intention of the Madeira’s political class in using a self-determination speech through all of the troika years in Portugal? For this, I used a qualitative and quantitative methodology, more specifically the method of content analysis and the software MAXQDA. The main result is that the political class produces speeches as a symbol of power and as a tool of contesting against the power of the Central government. So, to get funding, through the speeches, a movement of strong and persuasive self-determination was upraised during the period of financial crisis, increasing in the era of the Troika, while from the PostTroika period the claims become less frequent and less critical
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18

Itaboraí, Nathalie Reis. "Mudanças nas famílias brasileiras (1976-2012): uma perspectiva de classe e gênero." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9329.

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A presente pesquisa analisa as transformações nas famílias brasileiras do ponto de vista dos diferenciais entre classes e da autonomia feminina no período de 1976 a 2012. Elegeu-se analisar aspectos da formação de família, reprodução, socialização dos filhos e divisão do trabalho (doméstico e remunerado). Na primeira parte, apresenta-se o objeto da pesquisa, seu referencial teórico e histórico. O capítulo 1 apresenta o problema de pesquisa, situando-o no quadro geral das mudanças na condição das mulheres nas famílias no Ocidente e em face das hipóteses de classe presentes nas pesquisas de gênero e família no Brasil. O capítulo 2 apresenta o referencial teórico empregado, considerando a relação entre vida familiar e as estratificações de classe e gênero, e a mudança social como transformação no equilíbrio de poder. O capítulo 3 oferece evidências históricas da diversidade e das mudanças, na longa duração, das práticas familiares e dos rótulos a elas associados, aprofundando-se, a seguir, a experiência de modernização do contexto de 1976 a 2012, escolhido para a análise de dados. Na parte dois investigam-se as transformações nas dimensões centrais da vida familiar, relativas à conjugalidade, reprodução e socialização de filhos. Destacam-se o controle da fecundidade pela contracepção, o adiamento da união e da maternidade, as mudanças no equilíbrio de poder nos casais, e a superação e até inversão das desigualdades educacionais das filhas comparadas aos filhos. Abordam-se também aspectos persistentes de desigualdades em cada uma dessas esferas, como a violência entre parceiros íntimos, a maternidade na adolescência e as dificuldades no processo de autonomização dos jovens. Na terceira parte, indaga-se sobre a construção da autonomia econômica das mulheres na intersecção entre as dimensões do trabalho doméstico e remunerado. No capítulo 7, após constatar a tendência geral e as variações por classe no crescimento da participação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho, nota-se que o engajamento feminino ainda é afetado pelas características familiares. Constata-se também o crescimento da presença de renda de trabalho ou de outra fonte, o que leva a considerar o debate em torno das políticas sociais que concedem titularidade às mulheres. No capítulo 8, analisa-se a divisão do trabalho doméstico e de cuidado, aspecto no qual as desigualdades de gênero seguem expressivas não apenas na geração adulta, mas também entre os filhos, o que conduz à discussão dos limites das mudanças na estratificação de gênero e das propostas em torno da conciliação entre trabalho e família e do direito ao cuidado. Na conclusão, destaca-se que, a despeito das variações por classe no ritmo e grau das mudanças, as mulheres brasileiras, no período 1976-2012, movem-se em direção a um melhor equilíbrio de gênero nas relações familiares. Também são problematizados os limites das mudanças e algumas de suas implicações para as dinâmicas de classe e gênero, indicando ainda algumas direções para pesquisas futuras.
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19

Neves, Renake Bertholdo David das. "Adeus ao patrão: experiência e consciência política dos trabalhadores das organizações piqueteiras e das empresas recuperadas na Argentina (1966-2011)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFF, 2013. https://appdesenv.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/212.

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A pesquisa que desembocou nessa tese pretende se inserir nos estudos que se dedicam ao exame da reconfiguração da relação entre capital e trabalho no capitalismo contemporâneo (pós-1970), tendo como eixo de análise a questão da consciência de classe. Para tanto, optamos por examinar dois interessantes processos que emergem em meados da década de 1990 na Argentina: a recuperação de empresas por seus trabalhadores e o surgimento de movimentos de trabalhadores desempregados (piqueteiros). Nosso estudo busca entender a formação da consciência de classe em conjunto com as tensões e contradições presentes na constituição da subjetividade, em diversas instâncias da vida desses trabalhadores, especialmente aquelas que constituem o cotidiano. As fontes primárias utilizadas para realizar essa pesquisa foram documentos escritos produzidos por ambos os tipos de movimentos de trabalhadores abordados nesta tese e, sobretudo, entrevistas de história de vida com seus integrantes.
The research that resulted in the actual thesis intends to be part of a studies that are dedicated to examine the reconfiguration of the relation between labor and capital in contemporary capitalism (post-1970), focusing in the class conscience issue. Therefore, we chose to analyze two interesting processes that emerges in the mid 1990’s in Argentina: the recovery factory movement and the unemployed workers movement. Our study seeks to understand the formation of class consciousness within the frame of tensions and contradictions in the constitution of subjectivity, in several workers’ life instances, specially those that constitute the everyday. The primary sources used in this research were written documents produced by both types of workers movements discussed in this thesis and, above all, life history interviews with its members.
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Dambrós, Lilian Paula. "CONSTRUÇÃO DAS IDENTIDADES SOCIAIS DE RAÇA COM INTERSECÇÃO DE CLASSE NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE INGLÊS DO ENSINO MÉDIO APROVADOS PELOS PNLDs 2012 e 2015." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/414.

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This research entend to understand how the textbooks help to construction of social identities of race with class intersection. It has how goals analyzing four PNLD’s collections, of the year 2012 of high school and three PNLD’s collections, 2015, also high school, in order to understand how social identities of race, class-intersection, are represented these textbooks through speeches and multiliteracies. By analyzing the textbooks sought to answer the following questions: how the textbooks of English, suggested by PNLDs (2012 and 2015), build social identities of race and class? As the black racial identity and white racial identity are represented through literacies and multiliteracies resources of textbooks? The textbooks of English high school suggested by PNLDs 2012 and 2015, use the multiliteracies resources, enable reflections mentioned in Law 10,639 / 03? The theoretical contributions, which were the theoretical and methodological basis for this research, are supported in a literature review of studies that have been conducted with textbooks, like Ferreira (2012) and Barros (2013); about the literacies and multiliteracies bring to the discussion Kleiman (1995 and 2005), Kalantzis and Cope (2008) and Street (2014). To discuss the representation and I make use of identity Hall (2000), Bauman (2005) and Block (2006). This research also aims to reflect on the linguistic and educational policies such as PCN-LE (BRAZIL, 1998), OCEM-LE (2006), DCE-LE (PARANÁ, 2008), which tells the PNLD (BRAZIL, 2012 ) and the Federal Law 10.639 / 03 (BRAZIL, 2004). As for the methodology, was documentary analysis of linguistic and educational policies and written speeches and images produced in the English language textbooks, according to Moita Lopes (1996), Ferreira (2014), Herbele (2004), Wodak (2004) and Rojo (2009, 2012), taking into account the issue of multiliteracies. Also used the critical discourse analysis, according to Van Dijk (2012). After my analysis, I got the following final remarks: it is necessary that the teacher’s training be continuous, thus improving their knowledge about the existing racial prejudice in textbooks, the dominant ideologies brought through multiliteracies these and realize how much the textbooks influence the construction of identities of students. Teachers also need to encourage their students to a critical look at the differences, even if they are not being well represented by textbooks have analyzed because these are full of prejudice and ideologies that exclude black and poor, including the under representation of the characters, the representation of the less complex characters by means of stereotypes with defined spaces and subordinate manner. I hope, with this work, more high school teachers to understand the speeches conveyed to textbooks and start to reflect critically on the policies of the textbook as well as publishers and authors of such books.
A presente pesquisa pretendeu entender como os livros didáticos auxiliam na construção das identidades sociais de raça com intersecção de classe. Tendo como objetivo analisar quatro coleções do PNLD, ano de 2012 do Ensino Médio, mais três coleções do PNLD, ano de 2015, também do Ensino Médio, com o intuito de entender como as identidades sociais de raça, com intersecção de classe, são representadas nesses livros didáticos por meio dos discursos e dos multiletramentos. Ao analisar os livros didáticos busquei responder às seguintes questões: como os livros didáticos de língua inglesa, sugeridos pelos PNLDs (2012 e 2015), constroem as identidades sociais de raça e classe? Como a identidade racial negra e a identidade racial branca são representadas através dos letramentos e recursos de multiletramentos dos livros didáticos? Os livros didáticos de inglês do Ensino Médio sugeridos pelos PNLDs de 2012 e 2015, ao utilizarem os recursos de multiletramentos, possibilitam reflexões de que trata a Lei 10.639/03? Os aportes teóricos, que serviram de fundamentação teórico-metodológica para esta pesquisa, estão respaldados em uma revisão de literatura dos estudos que vêm sendo realizados com os livros didáticos, a exemplo de Ferreira (2012) e Barros (2013); a respeito dos letramentos e multiletramentos trago para a discussão Kleiman (1995 e 2005), Kalantzis e Cope (2008) e Street (2014). Para discutir a representação e identidade valho-me de Hall (2000), Bauman (2005) e Block (2006). A presente pesquisa, também pretende refletir acerca das políticas linguísticas e educacionais, tais como PCN-LE (BRASIL, 1998), OCEM-LE (2006), DCE-LE (PARANÁ, 2008), o que diz o PNLD (BRASIL, 2012) e a Lei Federal 10.639/03 (BRASIL, 2004). Quanto à metodologia, foi de análise documental das políticas linguística e educacionais e dos discursos escritos e imagens produzidas nos livros didáticos de língua inglesa, de acordo com Moita Lopes (1996), Ferreira (2014), Herbele (2004), Wodak (2004) e Rojo (2009, 2012), levando em consideração a questão dos multiletramentos. Também utilizei a análise crítica do discurso, de acordo com Van Dijk (2012). Após minha análise, cheguei as seguintes considerações finais: é necessário que a formação para professores seja contínua, melhorando, assim, seu conhecimento a respeito do preconceito racial existente nos LD, das ideologias dominantes trazidas por meio dos multiletramentos desses e percebam o quanto os LD influenciam na construção das identidades dos alunos. Os professores também precisam incentivar seus alunos para um olhar crítico sobre as diversidades, mesmo elas não sendo bem representadas pelos LD que analisei, pois esses estão repletos de preconceito e ideologias que exclui o negro e o pobre, entre elas a sub representação dos personagens, a representação menos complexas dos personagens, por meio de estereótipos, com espaços delimitados e de maneira subalterna. Espero, com este trabalho, que mais professores do Ensino Médio possam perceber os discursos veiculados aos livros didáticos e passem a refletir criticamente sobre as políticas do livro didático, assim como as editoras e os autores de tais livros.
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LIMA, Gisele Ramos. "Uma análise dos exercícios com sílabas em Diários de Classe de professoras alfabetizadoras (1973 - 2010)." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1639.

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The present Master Degree Paper presents an analysis about the types and the recurrence of activities involving syllables, observed in 68 Class Diaries that belonged to literacy teachers from a period between the years of 1973 and 2010. These Diaries belong to the collection from the Research Group HISALES, linked to the Universidade Federal de Pelotas /Faculdade de Educação. The objective of the research is to understand why the activities with syllables are recurring and were kept during the studied period. This study is inserted in the field of history of the literacy, which in Brazil, according to Maciel (2003), groups mainly the problematization around two axis: os métodos de leitura e escrita e os manuais escolares cartilhas ( The methods of writing and reading and the school manuals primer ) (MACIEL, 2003, p. 233). The nature of this research is qualitative (LÜDKE & ANDRÉ, 1986), having as epistemological model the evidentiary paradigm proposed by Ginzburg (2011), that presents as presupposition the search for traces , clues , evidences in the researched documents, aiming to find in the details what is possible to consider as relevant elements to answer the questions from the research. In relation to the results found, among other observed questions, it was possible to contrast the predominance of traditional methods of literacy in the planning registered in the Diaries. In relation specifically to the work with syllables, the most frequent activities worked by the literacy teachers were those that privilege the copy and the memorization of such structure. The study also showed that the divulgation of studies of the Psicogênese da Língua Escrita (FERREIRO; TEBEROSKY, 1985) seems to have had little influence in the planning of great part of the researched Diaries. Such results aim to the need that the activities with syllables must be rethought and resignified, considering the studies about the Psicogênese da Língua Escrita and other studies in the field that reference the writing as a notational system and not a code to be deciphered.
A presente Dissertação de Mestrado apresenta uma análise sobre os tipos e a recorrência de atividades envolvendo sílabas, observados em 68 Diários de Classe pertencentes a professoras alfabetizadoras no período compreendido entre os anos de 1973 a 2010. Esses Diários pertencem ao acervo do Grupo de Pesquisa HISALES, vinculado à Universidade Federal de Pelotas/Faculdade de Educação. O intuito da pesquisa é compreender por que razão as atividades com sílabas são recorrentes e se mantiveram ao longo do período de abrangência. Este estudo está inserido no campo da história da alfabetização, que, no Brasil, segundo Maciel (2003), agrupa principalmente a problematização em torno da alfabetização em dois eixos: os métodos de leitura e escrita e os manuais escolares cartilhas (MACIEL, 2003, p. 233). A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo (LÜDKE & ANDRÉ, 1986), tendo como modelo epistemológico o paradigma indiciário proposto por Ginzburg (2011), que apresenta como pressuposto a busca de vestígios , pistas , indícios nos documentos pesquisados, objetivando encontrar nos detalhes o que é possível considerar como elementos relevantes para responder às questões da pesquisa. Em relação aos resultados encontrados, entre outras questões observadas, foi possível constatar a predominância dos métodos tradicionais de alfabetização nos planejamentos registrados nos Diários. Em relação especificamente ao trabalho com sílabas, as atividades mais recorrentes trabalhadas pelas professoras alfabetizadoras foram aquelas que privilegiam a cópia e a memorização de tais estruturas. O estudo também mostrou que a divulgação dos estudos da Psicogênese da Língua Escrita (FERREIRO; TEBEROSKY, 1985) parece ter tido pouca influência nos planejamentos de grande parte dos Diários pesquisados. Tais resultados apontam para a necessidade de que as atividades com sílabas sejam repensadas e resignificadas, considerando os estudos sobre a Psicogênese da Língua Escrita e os demais estudos na área da alfabetização que referenciam a escrita como um sistema notacional e não como um código a ser decifrado.
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Torres, Anicama Jane Camila. "El sector urbano y los determinantes de vulnerabilidad a la pobreza monetaria en el Perú, 2010-2018." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/20175.

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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de la literatura de los diversos conceptos de la vulnerabilidad, y revisar el contexto peruano. La vulnerabilidad es entendida como el riesgo ex ante de una transición desfavorable de pobreza, esta no puede ser observada sino únicamente predicha. Se evidencia que, pese al crecimiento económico de los últimos años, el país aún tiene mucho por atender desde la pobreza monetaria hasta la calidad de vida y el bienestar de los ciudadanos. Hablando extensivamente en la realidad del sector laboral, pues la implicancia del empleo y sus formas, informal y formal son relevantes para comprender la vulnerabilidad. Se evidencia la existencia de determinantes teóricos a la vulnerabilidad de los hogares a la pobreza monetaria, notando que es requerido para la próxima agenda de investigación realizar un análisis empírico.
This research work aims to conduct a review of the literature of the various concepts of vulnerability, and to review the Peruvian context. Vulnerability is understood as the ex-ante risk of an unfavourable transition from poverty, it cannot be observed but only predicted. It is clear that, despite the economic growth of recent years, the country still has much to attend to from monetary poverty to quality of life and the well-being of citizens. Speaking extensively in the reality of the labour sector, because the implication of employment and its forms, informal and formal, are relevant to understanding vulnerability. The existence of theoretical determinants of household vulnerability to monetary poverty is evident, noting that empirical analysis is required for the next research agenda.
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LAPA, Priscila Maria. "Como votou a classe C nas eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2014?" Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/20731.

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O principal objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o comportamento eleitoral da classe C nas eleições presidenciais de 2014. Para isso, faz-se uma discussão sobre os determinantes do voto e as principais postulações sobre o comportamento do eleitor nas eleições para presidente. Em seguida, discute-se a formação de uma nova classe C no Brasil, apresentando as principais correntes do debate acadêmico sobre o fenômeno. Assim, busca-se analisar se de fato houve ou ainda está em processo uma transformação na estrutura de classes no país, ou se trata de uma alteração restrita à base da pirâmide social brasileira. Os possíveis impactos na arena eleitoral dessas mudanças são discutidos por meio da análise da conjuntura das eras FHC, Lula e Dilma. Por meio da técnica estatística de Growth Mixture Models (GMM), cuja utilização é inédita na Ciência Política brasileira, os municípios foram agregados em classes latentes e foi feito o cruzamento com o critério de classes da Fundação Getúlio FGV, a fim de se verificar a distribuição da classe C nas diferentes regiões do país. Por fim, o mesmo modelo foi utilizado para as eleições presidenciais de 2010 e 2006, com o intuito de se realizar uma análise comparativa dos resultados da distribuição dos votos pelas classes sociais. Dessa forma, foi possível verificar se o resultado da eleição de 2014 representa uma tendência de votos da classe C e se é possível apreender um comportamento eleitoral típico desse segmento.
The main objective of this paper is to discuss the electoral behavior of the C class in the 2014 presidential elections For this, it is a discussion of the determinants of the vote and the main postulations on voter behavior in presidential elections in the country. Then debate the formation of a new class C in Brazil, with the main currents of academic debate about the phenomenon. Thus, we seek to examine whether in fact there was or still is in the process a change in the class structure in the country, or is it a change restricted to the base of the Brazilian social pyramid. Possible impacts on the electoral arena of these changes are discussed by analyzing the situation of the FHC era, Lula and Dilma. Through Growth Mixture Models statistical technique (GMM), the municipalities were aggregated into latent classes and was made the crossing with the criteria of classes at the Getulio FGV in order to verify the distribution of class C in different regions of parents. The objective was to analyze the results of the presidential election of 2014 in the light of these profiles and answer the question: How voted the C class in that election? Finally, the same model was used for the 2010 presidential elections and 2006, in order to perform a comparative analysis of the distribution results of the vote by the social classes. Thus, it was possible to verify the result of the 2014 election is a tendency vote of the class C and if it is possible to learn a typical election behavior of this segment.
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Subiabre, González Juan Pablo. "Historias de trabajadores : experiencias de precariedad en Chile 2002-2013." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/136868.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Gestión de Personas y Dinámica Organizacional
Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento.
Mediante este trabajo de investigación se busca generar un entendimiento sobre cómo las y los trabajadores de organizaciones Chilenas contemporáneas experimentan su identidad en el espacio de trabajo, buscando indagar sobre las motivaciones, anhelos y carencias que éstos vivencian en su cotidianidad. El interés en esta temática surge de la constatación de que el espacio de trabajo no sólo está acotado a las tareas funcionales que conforman el quehacer productivo, sino que también es un espacio social inter‐subjetivo en el cual juegan un rol fundamental los sentimientos, emociones, símbolos y significados que los miembros de la organización elaboran en su interior. A través del análisis crítico de historias escritas por trabajadores Chilenos se busca ahondar en cómo se vive la experiencia del trabajo desde la óptica de los propios individuos, según Sotteau‐Léomat, comprendiendo “el sentido que dan a sus actos, las lógicas que organizan sus vidas cotidianas, sus sistemas de vinculación con los otros, sus relaciones con las instituciones, y también los principios del ser y de hacer que sustentan sus prácticas y dan cuenta de sus visiones de mundo y su búsqueda de identidad social” (como se cita en Correa, 1999, pág. 2). Se considera el análisis como crítico en la medida que permite centrar la investigación en los individuos “comunes y corrientes”, alejándose de aquellos relatos sobre personas u organizaciones que resultan grandilocuentes y triunfalistas, los que si bien pueden ser muy inspiradores, resultan casos excepcionales en la práctica. El componente crítico también incorpora las dimensiones emocionales y afectivas que se suceden en el trabajo, reconociendo a los trabajadores como seres sensitivos y complejos. La exploración de las dinámicas organizacionales se realiza a través del uso de historias escritas o cuentos que fueron recopilados, seleccionados y premiados por el Comité Editorial del concurso literario “Mi Vida, Mi Trabajo”, promovido por el Ministerio del Trabajo del Gobierno de Chile. Este concurso es de carácter nacional, comienza el año 2002 y se encuentra plenamente vigente en la actualidad, convocando cada año a miles de trabajadores que envían sus escritos. Los finalistas, aparte de ser galardonados con lugares o menciones honrosas, son publicados anualmente en un libro homónimo, que se encuentra disponible en todas las bibliotecas municipales del país y que constituye la muestra para esta investigación. Se trabaja a través de una epistemología interpretativa y haciendo uso de modos narrativos de análisis de datos (Bolivar, 2002), lo que busca lograr un entendimiento fenomenológico de la identidad en el espacio de trabajo en Chile, centrándose en las subjetividades de los trabajadores y en la inter‐subjetividad de quienes componen la organización. Dicho de otra manera, con el objetivo de buscar entendimiento sobre la realidad del trabajo en Chile que experimentan la mayoría de los trabajadores “de a pie”, la exploración de las dinámicas organizacionales se realiza valorizando cada dato/historia como un fenómeno individual y único, lo que da cuenta de una organización‐en‐lamente particular y que permite, en el agregado, obtener una visión del sistema. A través del análisis se presta especial atención a aquellas características que se reiteran, que resultan coherentes con otros indicadores y que hablan de dimensiones poco conocidas o marginadas de la visión contemporánea sobre el trabajo en nuestro país. Esto va aparejado con el análisis que se hace sobre el contexto político, económico, social y normativo en el que están enmarcadas las historias que componen la muestra, las cuales fueron escritas entre el año 2002 y el 2013. El calce entre las temáticas recurrentes que emergen a través de las historias y el análisis de los cambios que ha experimentado el país durante las últimas décadas, dan como resultado un foco centrado en la temática de la Precariedad Laboral, y particularmente, una especial atención sobre las diversas formas en que la precariedad puede estar presente en los espacios de trabajo. Cabe aclarar que, lejos de buscarse el cuantificar la situación de precariedad laboral en Chile o de establecer una clasificación en base a indicadores objetivos, mediante esta investigación se pretende posibilitar la búsqueda de sentidos a partir de aquellas experiencias, es decir, se busca comprender cómo el individuo habita su propia historia laboral en los planos afectivos, emocionales y sociales, y cómo esta experiencia está mediada por aquellas formas de precariedad. Como resultado de este análisis interpretativo de los cuentos, emerge un ordenamiento original de Precariedad Laboral que permite clasificar las 75 historias ‐contenidas en 12 libros– en 5 dimensiones distintivas; Condiciones Laborales, Accidentabilidad, Ruralidad, Grupos Vulnerables y Precariedad Emocional. Luego de describir las características principales de cada una de estas dimensiones, se da paso al análisis en detalle de una historia representativa que refleja los principales atributos de cada categoría. El trabajo se estructura de la siguiente manera: En la primera sección se establecen antecedentes que permiten contextualizar las historias, entregando un panorama que permite entender los cambios políticos, económicos y normativos que se han producido en las últimas décadas y que constituyen la situación laboral actual en Chile y el entorno en el que se desenvuelven las historias. En la segunda sección se establece un marco teórico que explica en qué consiste la investigación narrativa como postura epistemológica, introduciendo algunos conceptos útiles para el entendimiento de sus potencialidades y limitaciones, ahondando en el uso de narrativas para el estudio de las organizaciones y el cómo a través de la exploración de las subjetividades de los trabajadores en rol se puede construir una imagen que dé cuenta de la realidad del sistema. En la tercera sección se fundamenta la metodología a emplear para el análisis de las historias, se explica cómo se realizó este análisis en particular y se reflexiona sobre los alcances y limitaciones de ella. Finalmente, en la cuarta sección se desarrolla el análisis de las historias en dos niveles distintivos; en el primero, se hace un recorrido general de las 75 historias que conforman la visión del mundo del trabajo contemporáneo en Chile, dando paso a un ordenamiento sobre dimensiones de Precariedad Laboral; en el segundo nivel, y con mayor grado de profundidad, se exploran historias escogidas que dan cuenta de una dimensión particular de precariedad y que resultan representativas de los conflictos que vivencian ciertos grupos de trabajadores.
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25

Steffens, Sven. "Untersuchungen zur Mentilität belgischer und deutscher Handwerker anhand von Selbstzeugnissen: (spätes 18. bis frühes 20. Jahrhundert)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211865.

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26

Kumbier, Alana, and Julia Starkey. "Enabling Accessible Pedagogy - Resource Sharing for CLAPS 2016." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612646.

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27

Klein, Markus, and Elke Rosenberger. "Tunneling for a class of difference operators." Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5698/.

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We analyze a general class of difference operators containing a multi-well potential and a small parameter. We decouple the wells by introducing certain Dirichlet operators on regions containing only one potential well, and we treat the eigenvalue problem as a small perturbation of these comparison problems. We describe tunneling by a certain interaction matrix similar to the analysis for the Schrödinger operator, and estimate the remainder, which is exponentially small and roughly quadratic compared with the interaction matrix.
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28

Esparza, Schaylee Marie. "Mediating Academic Success: Race, Class, Gender and Community College Persistence." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2019.

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Over the last forty years, the U.S. community college system has expanded, allowing disadvantaged groups greater access to higher education. With that expansion, a body of research has emerged examining community college students' educational outcomes. However, the research is limited in understanding the academic persistence of low-income students and community college student in particular. The purpose of this comparative, qualitative study is to explore some of the unanswered questions about how low income white and Latino students' experience academic persistence similarly and differently and understand how gender influences the challenges students may face during college. This study draws from interviews of 22 (11 White/11 Latino/a) low-income community college students at a rural, Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI) in the West. All students share similar challenges because of their class constraints, but Latino/a students in particular face challenges of racism and discrimination that carried over into their college careers. Faculty and family are the key sources of support for all students, which mediate some of the challenges. Variation is seen between the experiences of males and females, as traditional gender roles are reinforced and maintained in the family. This study offers insights into how structural inequality creates barriers for students from their perspective and gives recommendations for practitioners on how to mediate some of these challenges and increase student persistence.
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VICTORIA, CEBALLOS ALBA MARITZA. "PROPUESTA DE MODIFICACIÓN AL MANUAL DE ORGANIZACIÓN DEL INSTITUTO MUNICIPAL DE ATENCIÓN A LA JUVENTUD DE VALLE DE BRAVO 2013-2015." Tesis de Licenciatura, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104582.

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La presente memoria de trabajo describe mi experiencia laboral dentro del periodo de la Administración Pública Municipal de Valle de Bravo 2013-2015 en el Instituto Municipal de Atención a la Juventud, lo cual conlleva la responsabilidad y obligación moral de trabajar con el lado humano de un sector social vulnerable como son los jóvenes.
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Burckel, Vincent. "La classe populaire n’est pas morte. Enquête sur une « famille sociale » en lutte dans une petite ville de l’ancienne Moselle du fer (2008-2018)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV045.

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Cette thèse s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique menée pendant plusieurs années à Hagoncourt, une petite ville de Lorraine marquée par l’industrie du fer. Elle a pour objet l’histoire sociale de sa « classe populaire », c’est-à-dire d’un ensemble social localement situé rassemblant des individus socialement dominés, issus pour la plupart de familles ouvrières. Du XIXe siècle, jusqu’au milieu des années 1970, à Hagoncourt, l’usine sidérurgique et la mine de fer assurent à la ville et à sa population une prospérité relative, visible aussi bien dans ses cités bien tenues que dans ses nombreux commerces. La fermeture de l’usine puis de la mine, précipite la majorité des Hagoncourtois dans une crise économique et sociale sans précédent : plus que jamais, le chômage et la précarité touchent ou menacent tous les membres de l’ancienne « classe ouvrière ». Après quarante ans de politiques néo-libérales, de reflux du paternalisme aussi bien que du « communisme populaire » et de l’« insubordination ouvrière », ou encore d’oppositions internes exacerbées, le « peuple d’Hagoncourt » semble marqué par une sorte de désespérance à la fois sociale et politique, dont l’abstention aux élections est un indicateur sûr. Cependant, de la « génération du fer » (les « vieux ») à la « génération de la crise » (« les jeunes »), on retrouve une énergie sociale qui laisse penser que la classe populaire d’Hagoncourt est bien toujours en vie socialement. Depuis la crise financière et économique de 2007-2008, les membres de la classe populaire d’Hagoncourt, située dans la vallée de l’Orne-Fensch (où se trouve Hagoncourt) se sont distinguées dans leur luttes pour la survie de l’usine de Gandrange (2008) puis de celle de Florange (2012), avant de nourrir le mouvement des « gilets jaunes » à partir de 2018. De façon générale, ce qu’on peut appeler la « triple vie » ou les trois formes de l’habitus de la classe populaire d’Hagoncourt composent une figure collective contemporaine dans toute ses contradictions et ses convergences, face à la domination sociale : 1) Une morale agonistique ou « guerrière », traditionnellement considérée comme « masculine », qui valorise la force physique ou la rudesse des manières et du langage et qui peut aller jusqu’à un certain nihilisme ; 2) Une morale pacifique, traditionnellement considérée comme « féminine », qui privilégie la manière douce, une forme de timidité et qui peut tendre vers un certain conformisme social ; 3) Une morale politique ou civique, avec un penchant pour l’intérêt général et la recherche de sens, associée à la valorisation de la « culture », qui peut dériver aussi bien vers une sorte de « narcissisme social » que vers une disposition politique « révolutionnaire » résultant d’une « lutte des classes »
What can be defined as the « triple life » of the working class, refers to the three forms of the working class’ habitus. The members of the working class do not equally display these forms according to the historical period. If for the “iron” generation sent to the hub or the kitchen since the age of 14 and designed to live a simple rough life in the “small-town”, the “hard model” of the habitus prevails in an evident way; the “crisis generation” that has over a long time been protected by the soft comfort of the family home and a juvenile atmosphere in school, now listens to the propaganda of a world that becomes more “open” and seems to start life in a “gentle slope”. Nevertheless, since 2008 the aggravation of the circumstances of working class’ life for an undetermined period, has led to a hardening of the ensemble in the context of unrestrained capitalism. According to the dominant ideology the working class should have melted into the bourgeoisie ever since the fall of the Berlin wall in the 1990’s. The young generation of the working class finds a new horizon of exploitation and domination. Poverty hits them instead of the “American dream” and a society without classes which they could have imagined while watching TF1. Considering their relationship with politics, it is known that the 1980’s (the Mitterand years) have marked a reflux of “popular communism” and the insubordination of the workers. Although, the years 2000 (the Sarkozy-Hollande-Macron years) come with a little new wind of popular insurrection that grows more and more intense, until it becomes the “yellow tempest” in 2018. Amongst the people of Hagoncourt that have been interviewed, with the exception of the “iron” and “crisis” generations, three forms of habitus can be identified that imply a social existence threatened and weakened by the dominant class: 1) agonistic or warlike morals traditionally considered « masculine », that valorise physical force and brutal manners and language and sometimes tend to a certain nihilism. 2) peaceful morals, traditionally considered “feminine” that give privilege to tender manners, a kind of timidity and sometimes tend to a certain social conformity. 3) political or civic morals with a preference for the general interest and the quest for meaning associated to the valorisation of culture and that can possibly take on a “revolutionary” political disposition
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31

Fedchenko, Dmitry, and Nikolai Tarkhanov. "A Class of Toeplitz Operators in Several Variables." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6893/.

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We introduce the concept of Toeplitz operator associated with the Laplace-Beltrami operator on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary. We characterise those Toeplitz operators which are Fredholm, thus initiating the index theory.
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32

Morais, Anne. "Potentiel hydrométéorologique du schéma de surface canadien CLASS." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29013/29013.pdf.

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Le schéma de surface canadien (version 3.5) a été testé sous un sol agricole avec des observations provenant d’une station météorologique située dans un champ de pommes de terre. Les observations couvrent une saison complète en 2007, et la période de tubérisation du plant pour l’année 2010. Les performances du modèle sur les composantes des bilans énergétique et hydrique ont pu être évaluées. Sur les deux saisons à l’étude, le modèle a surestimé les flux latents et produit un flux de chaleur dans le sol de trop grande amplitude, comparativement à celui observé. L’évapotranspiration et le drainage produits par CLASS ont par la suite été comparés à ceux simulés par le modèle d’écoulement vertical BV3C, un sous-modèle du modèle hydrologique HYDROTEL. BV3C a semblé produire une évapotranspiration surestimée dont la dynamique ne suit pas celle observée. Finalement, une simulation dont les intrants météo ont été remplacés par le produit régional du modèle global multi-échelle, pour la même localisation, a été testée. Les composantes des bilans énergétique et hydrique simulés par CLASS et ISBA, un autre schéma de surface utilisé au Canada, ont pu être comparés. Lors de ce test, ISBA a montré un plus grand ruissellement que CLASS, ainsi que de faibles quantités d’eau drainée, en désaccord avec les observations disponibles.
The performance of the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS) was assessed using meteorological observations from stations located in a potato field during a whole season in 2007, and from tuber initiation to tuber bulking in 2010. The scheme’s performance has been evaluated for both the energetic and hydric balance. Over the two seasons, CLASS overestimated the latent flux and generated a ground heat flux of higher amplitude compared to the observed one. The evapotranspiration and the drainage generated by CLASS were then compared to those of BV3C, a submodel of the hydrological model HYDROTEL. BVC3 seemed to have produced an overestimated evapotranspiration, which the dynamics did not match with those of the observed one. Finally, both CLASS and ISBA, an other land surface scheme in use in Canada, were run with data derived from the regional product of the global environmental multiscale model, for the same location. During this test, ISBA showed a higher flow than CLASS. ISBA also showed little quantity of drained water in disagreement with the available observations.
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33

Sbai, Mohammed. "Linéarisation d'une classe de structures de Lie-Poisson." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212249.

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34

Lama, Gálvez Tarik. "Análisis del principio protector del trabajador en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema y Tribunal Constitucional, en el lustro 2010-2015." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/139340.

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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el principio de protección del trabajador, directriz fundante del Derecho del Trabajo, cuyo alcance y reconocimiento ha sido cuestionado por una parte de la doctrina y jurisprudencia nacional. Para ello examinaremos teóricamente qué es lo que se entiende por principio del Derecho, además de las numerosas interpretaciones que la doctrina nacional y comparada han dado al respecto. Luego estudiaremos la jurisprudencia laboral que va entre el 2010 y 2015 de los -a nuestro juicio- tribunales más importantes de Chile: Corte Suprema y Tribunal Constitucional. La elección de dicho lustro no es al azar, en el podremos distinguir marcados cambios en la forma de realizar la exegesis, restringiendo o ampliando la aplicabilidad del principio. Terminamos concluyendo que el principio de protección del trabajador, se encuentra garantizado constitucionalmente en el artículo 19 N° 16, el cual es complementado con la cláusula de apertura del artículo 5° inciso 2° de la Carta Fundamental, la cual obliga al Estado de Chile, respetar y promover los derechos esenciales de la persona humana, que se encuentren consagrados en tratados internacionales, ratificados por Chile y que se encuentren vigentes
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35

Kessing, Christopher. "Macroeconomic Indicators of Working Class Voter Abstention in US Presidential Elections, 1948-2004." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1322.

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In this paper I explore the causal relationship between the strategic economic interdependence advanced by Western democracies after WWII and the "puzzle of participation" in US presidential elections. More specifically, I seek to illustrate first how economic convergence within the West and then the transition from Keynesian to monetarist policy rhetoric reflexively diminish the degree to which US working class voters can realistically petition their elected officials regarding the most salient matters of economic self-interest. My results indicate that from 1948-2004, the working public became more isolated from their most salient economic decisions, voted less often due to heretofore unexplored macroeconomic indicators.
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36

BOLAZZI, FLORIANE. "CASTE, CLASS AND SOCIAL MOBILITY. A CASE STUDY IN NORTH INDIA 1958-2015." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/732484.

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This thesis analyses the nexus between caste, class and social mobility in rural India over the last half-century of profound transformations. The increase of demographic pressure on land has reduced agriculture to a subsidiary source of livelihood for the rural population. The transition from farming to informal and irregular forms of labour which require the working population to commute to small and medium towns, have become the predominant patterns of occupational transition in rural India. This thesis investigates the nature and magnitude of these changes and their implications for the reconfiguration of the social structures - caste hierarchy and class stratification - and aims at verifying whether the caste membership continues to prevail as a factor of social stratification. Using unique data at the individual level on the full population of Palanpur, a village in Uttar Pradesh, surveyed seven times from 1958 to 2015, we provide a longitudinal analysis of the trends, the patterns and the determinants of the social mobility of three generations of individuals. We combine the statistical and econometric analysis of the social mobility with a qualitative analysis of more than a hundred interviews carried out during six-months in-depth fieldwork. We find evidence of the opportunities for social mobility to increase but prevalently downward toward manual workers’ class. The advantage of the upper castes to access high salariat positions persists over time, however, with the modernization, the educational attainment plays an equalising role on the chances of upward mobility irrespective of the caste and the class of origin. Moreover, we find that the caste disadvantage for upward mobility from low to middle and top-class decreased over time for some of the castes at the bottom of the hierarchy. While much social stratification research has been and still is carried out in Western countries, this thesis is an original contribution to the emerging literature concerning social stratification and mobility in developing countries.
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Campos, Emmanuel de Sousa. "O comportamento eleitoral da nova classe trabalhadora no Rio Grande do Norte 2014: ideologia, avalia??o de governo e voto." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2016. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/21261.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Esta tese investigou o comportamento eleitoral das fra??es da nova classe trabalhadora no Rio Grande do Norte, mais especificamente nas cidades de Natal, Mossor? e Caic?, a partir da elei??o presidencial de 2014. Essa investiga??o analisou a ideologia, a avalia??o de governo e a orienta??o do voto de uma parcela das classes populares do eleitorado potiguar. No Brasil, a partir de 2003, mudan?as socioecon?micas vem ocorrendo de maneira percept?vel, principalmente em uma parte das classes populares que ascendeu socialmente e migrou para a ?classe econ?mica C?. Com isso, houve nesse per?odo, uma amplia??o significativa desse estrato social. A amplia??o da ?classe C? nos ?ltimos dez anos no Brasil suscitou o debate acad?mico e na m?dia sobre o surgimento de uma ?nova classe m?dia?. Neri (2008) denominar? a ?classe C? de ?a nova classe m?dia? e que ser? a parte central de seus estudos. Mas, o debate sobre a ?nova classe m?dia? n?o pode ser simplista ao ponto de considerar que a ascens?o social,tendo como principal vari?vel a renda, inseriu essa parcela da popula??o na classe m?dia, pois a mesma possui especificidades distintas das classes populares. Para compreender este fen?meno, foi ultrapassada a vari?vel renda, agregando a relev?ncia da propriedade dos meios de produ??o, o controle da for?a de trabalho e os valores simb?licos na delimita??o das classes sociais resultando em tr?s fra??es da nova classe trabalhadora: os cargos de chefia, os n?o chefes e os pequenos batalhadores. Neste estudo, utilizando de maneira complementar a abordagem sociol?gica (ideologia e classes sociais) e a avalia??o de desempenho foi identificado que a nova classe trabalhadora (chefes) majoritariamente reproduziu o posicionamento ideol?gico e pol?tico da classe m?dia, resultando na rejei??o aos governos petistas (2003-2014) e suas pol?ticas sociais, compensat?rias e redistributivas. Pelo que foi visto, a nova classe trabalhadora (chefes) se aproxima do comportamento ideol?gico e pol?tico da classe m?dia que refletir? em suas escolhas eleitorais e interesses classistas. A nova classe trabalhadora (n?o chefes e pequenos batalhadores que votavam na situa??o) devido a seus interesses classistas e ideol?gicos se aproximou do Partido dos Trabalhadores avaliando positivamente os governos Lula-Dilma (2003-2014) devido ? implanta??o de pol?ticas compensat?rias, redistributivas e programas governamentais voltados ?s classes populares. Em um contraponto, os eleitores da nova classe trabalhadora (n?o chefes e pequenos batalhadores) os quais votaram nulo, reproduziram o discurso da grande m?dia e da classe m?dia sobre a rejei??o das pol?ticas compensat?rias, redistributivas e programas governamentais dos governos Lula-Dilma, e, consequentemente, desaprovaram o Governo Dilma e sua candidatura.
This thesis investigates the voting behavior of the fractions of the new working class in Rio Grande do Norte, more specifically in the cities of Natal, Mossor? and Caic?, from the presidential election of 2014. This research examined the ideology, the evaluation of government and guidance the vote of a portion of the working classes of RN voters. In Brazil, from 2003, socio-economic change has occurred perceptibly, especially in a part of the working classes who ascended socially and switched to the "C economic class." Thus, there was this period, a significant expansion of this social stratum. The expansion of the "class C" in the past decade in Brazil raised the academic debate and in the media about the emergence of a "new middle class". Neri (2008) termed the "class C" of the "new middle class" and that will be the central part of their studies. But the debate on the "new middle class" can not be simplistic to the point of considering that social mobility, the main variable income, entered this segment of the population in the middle class, because it has different specificities of the popular classes. To understand this phenomenon, the income variable was outdated, adding the importance of ownership of the means of production, control of labor power and the symbolic values in the division of social classes resulting in three fractions of the new working class: the management positions, non-heads and small fighters. In this study, using as a complement to the sociological approach (ideologies and social classes) and the performance evaluation was identified that the new working class (heads) mainly reproduced the ideological and political positioning of the middle class, resulting in the rejection of PT governments (2003-2014) and it?s social, compensatory and redistributive policies. From what has been seen, the new working class (chiefs) approaches the ideological and political behavior of the middle class that will reflect in their electoral choices and class interests. The new working class (not heads and small fighters who voted in the situation) because of its classist and ideological interests approached the Workers' Party positively evaluating the Lula-Dilma governments (2003-2014) due to the implementation of compensatory policies, and redistributive programs government turned to the popular classes. In a counterpoint, the voters of the new working class (not heads and small fighters) who voted null, reproduced the discourse of mainstream media and the middle class about the rejection of compensatory policies, redistribution and government programs of Lula-Dilma governments, and consequently they disapproved of the government Dilma and her candidacy.
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38

Echazarreta, Katherine Roberta. "What is the effect of having a substitute teacher in a science or math class: is it a productive class?" Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/echazarreta/EchazarretaK0811.pdf.

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In this study I looked at the effects of substitute teaching in science and math classes. There are several different points of view with regard to substitute teaching; the substitute teacher, the students, the contracted teacher, and the administration. I looked at the substitutes', the students', and the teachers' points of view on the effectiveness of substitute teaching. Most perceive that having a substitute is like having a "cake day." That should not be the case. What happens when they actually have to apply science or math? What happens when students are expected to learn from a substitute teacher? I looked at the students' attitudes, their acquired knowledge from a topic that I taught, their expectations, my expectations for them, and the expectations of the absent contract teacher.
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39

Tarkhanov, Nikolai, and Daniel Wallenta. "The Lefschetz number of sequences of trace class curvature." Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5696/.

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For a sequence of Hilbert spaces and continuous linear operators the curvature is defined to be the composition of any two consecutive operators. This is modeled on the de Rham resolution of a connection on a module over an algebra. Of particular interest are those sequences for which the curvature is "small" at each step, e.g., belongs to a fixed operator ideal. In this context we elaborate the theory of Fredholm sequences and show how to introduce the Lefschetz number.
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40

Klein, Markus, Christian Léonard, and Elke Rosenberger. "Agmon-type estimates for a class of jump processes." Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5699/.

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In the limit we analyze the generators of families of reversible jump processes in the n-dimensional space associated with a class of symmetric non-local Dirichlet forms and show exponential decay of the eigenfunctions. The exponential rate function is a Finsler distance, given as solution of certain eikonal equation. Fine results are sensitive to the rate functions being twice differentiable or just Lipschitz. Our estimates are similar to the semiclassical Agmon estimates for differential operators of second order. They generalize and strengthen previous results on the lattice.
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41

Conforti, Giovanni, and Sylvie Roelly. "Reciprocal class of random walks on an Abelian group." Universität Potsdam, 2015. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2015/7260/.

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Processes having the same bridges as a given reference Markov process constitute its reciprocal class. In this paper we study the reciprocal class of a continuous time random walk with values in a countable Abelian group, we compute explicitly its reciprocal characteristics and we present an integral characterization of it. Our main tool is a new iterated version of the celebrated Mecke's formula from the point process theory, which allows us to study, as transformation on the path space, the addition of random loops. Thanks to the lattice structure of the set of loops, we even obtain a sharp characterization. At the end, we discuss several examples to illustrate the richness of reciprocal classes. We observe how their structure depends on the algebraic properties of the underlying group.
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42

Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes November 7, 2011." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196212.

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43

Cheikh, Meriam. "Devenir respectable: une jeunesse populaire féminine au prisme de l'économie intime, Tanger - Maroc." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209001.

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44

Teles, Luciana de Jesus Sá. "Modernização e mobilidade do trabalho: migrantes qualificados como tecnocratas do Estado em Porto Velho, Rondônia (1990 a 2012)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-12052017-094523/.

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Nesta pesquisa discutimos a temática de um tipo de migração hoje existente no Brasil, procurando analisar criticamente os movimentos de grupos sociais associados ao desenvolvimento atual do capitalismo brasileiro. A proposta foi estudar os trabalhadores migrantes com formação em nível superior que foram para o município de Porto Velho, no estado de Rondônia, entre os anos de 1990 e 2012 e que ali tenham permanecido. Procuramos compreender a influência destes na redefinição da dinâmica social da sociedade que os acolheu. A capital do estado de Rondônia, Porto Velho, acolheu diversos trabalhadores dos setores público e privado neste processo e a intensidade desta migração foi o que primeiramente despertou o interesse da presente pesquisa. O fluxo de trabalhadores especializados demandados para ocupar os quadros necessários para a instalação de órgãos, a implementação de políticas e a efetivação de projetos também chamaram a atenção para o fenômeno e a inclinação para o estudo sobre o tema. Para ilustrar a importância e a velocidade dessa recente institucionalização, que significou a inclusão de Rondônia nos moldes da modernização capitalista, salienta-se a criação e reestruturação de uma ampla gama de órgãos, projetos e programas estatais federais que atraíram os migrantes qualificados (que são o foco desta pesquisa) e nos auxiliarão na exposição da sua problemática. O objetivo geral proposto é apurar como caracteriza-se a formação dos grupos de migrantes no interior da assim chamada classe média brasileira, e como esta representa a materialização de uma identidade social correspondente ao que havia sido estabelecido em outras regiões do país em que o Estado já fora implementado. Pensamos que esta classe média, corporificada na burocracia e na tecnocracia, contribuiu com a atuação de forma sistemática como migrantes qualificados/especializados, na implementação de instituições do Estado, permitindo a reprodução da forma capitalista de desenvolvimento social, político e econômico em Rondônia.
In this research, we will be looking at a specific kind of a migration that exists in Brazil nowadays, critically analyzing the movements of social groups associated with the current \"development of Brazilian capitalism.The purpose was to study migrant workers with higher education who migrated to the city of Porto Velho, State of Rondônia, between the years 1990 and 2012 and have remained there. We look forward to understanding the influence of these workers on the redefinition of the social dynamics of society that had welcomed them. The capital of the state of Rondônia, Porto Velho, hosted many workers in the public and private sectors in this process. The intensity of this migration was what first awaken interest of this research. The flow of skilled workers demanded to occupy the positions required for installation of public organs, politics implementation and execution of projects also drew attention to the phenomenon and the inclination to study on the subject. To illustrate the importance and the speed of this recent institutionalization , which mean the inclusion of Rondônia along the lines of capitalist modernization , emphasizes the creation and restructuring of a wide range of agencies , projects and federal government programs that have attracted skilled labors migrants ( who are the focus of this research ) and assist us to expose this question. The overall goal is to determine how the formation of immigrant groups, in the so-called Brazilian middle class, is characterized. In addition, how this is the materialization of a corresponding social identity already established in other parts of the country, in which the state has already been implemented. We believe that this middle class, embodied in bureaucracy and technocracy, contributed to the performance in a systematic way skilled migrants / expertise in the implementation of state institutions, enabling the reproduction of the capitalist form of social, economic and political, development in Rondônia.
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Vega, Coronado Pedro Ricardo, and Coronado Pedro Ricardo Vega. "Plan de negocio para la creación de una agencia de viajes y turismo especializada en clases de español dentro de paquetes turísticos en el periodo julio 2014-julio 2015." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2016. http://tesis.usat.edu.pe/handle/usat/734.

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La investigación realizada propone a la agencia de viajes y turismo especializado en clases de español dentro de circuitos turísticos como una nueva forma de conocer la diversidad peruana y al mismo tiempo aprender un idioma cada vez más utilizado a nivel mundial, el español. Para su desarrollo se utilizó una técnica la recolección de datos a través de la aplicación de encuestas basándose en una muestra de 300 personas del mercado disponible, principalmente, estudiantes extranjeros de la Academia Superior de Idiomas, ASI. De esta forma, se obtuvo una intención de compra del servicio del 66 % de la muestra, teniendo como características la posibilidad de poder pagar por el servicio y la disponibilidad para realizarlo. Como estrategia operacional se realiza la captación de usuarios del servicio por dos canales: vía online a través de la página web y presencial a través de la oficina que estará ubicada en la calle Lima 116 – Pimentel. La organización de la agencia de viajes y turismo será funcional, teniendo en cuenta los motivos y motivaciones que harán que los colaboradores den su mejor esfuerzo para el eficiente desarrollo del servicio. Mediante el análisis de viabilidad económico financiera se confirmó que el negocio es atractivo obteniéndose un VAN esperado de S/. 20 082. Además se determinó una inversión inicial de S/.55 610. Se obtiene como rentabilidad el 63% de lo invertido.
Tesis
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46

Vega, Coronado Pedro Ricardo. "Plan de negocio para la creación de una agencia de viajes y turismo especializada en clases de español dentro de paquetes turísticos en el periodo julio 2014-julio 2015." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/734.

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La investigación realizada propone a la agencia de viajes y turismo especializado en clases de español dentro de circuitos turísticos como una nueva forma de conocer la diversidad peruana y al mismo tiempo aprender un idioma cada vez más utilizado a nivel mundial, el español. Para su desarrollo se utilizó una técnica la recolección de datos a través de la aplicación de encuestas basándose en una muestra de 300 personas del mercado disponible, principalmente, estudiantes extranjeros de la Academia Superior de Idiomas, ASI. De esta forma, se obtuvo una intención de compra del servicio del 66 % de la muestra, teniendo como características la posibilidad de poder pagar por el servicio y la disponibilidad para realizarlo. Como estrategia operacional se realiza la captación de usuarios del servicio por dos canales: vía online a través de la página web y presencial a través de la oficina que estará ubicada en la calle Lima 116 – Pimentel. La organización de la agencia de viajes y turismo será funcional, teniendo en cuenta los motivos y motivaciones que harán que los colaboradores den su mejor esfuerzo para el eficiente desarrollo del servicio. Mediante el análisis de viabilidad económico financiera se confirmó que el negocio es atractivo obteniéndose un VAN esperado de S/. 20 082. Además se determinó una inversión inicial de S/.55 610. Se obtiene como rentabilidad el 63% de lo invertido.
Tesis
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47

Santos, Anderson Cristopher dos. "Pol?ticas governamentais e redistributivismo no Brasil (2001 ? 2011)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20569.

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Analisamos o crescimento da classe trabalhadora consumidora na sociedade brasileira durante a d?cada de 2000, entre 2001 e 2011, identificados pelo Crit?rio Brasil de Classifica??o Econ?mica como Faixa C. A tem?tica tem sido terreno f?rtil para uma s?rie de controv?rsias, principalmente por causa de questionamentos quanto ?s suas caracter?sticas, dado o fato de que este ? um grupo socialmente heterog?neo, reunido por uma estratifica??o econ?mica. Analisaremos o crescimento desta Faixa C atrav?s de fontes oficiais pertinentes, como o IPEADATA, a Pesquisa de Or?amentos Familiares (POF) e a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostragem de Domic?lio (PNAD). Mobilizaremos autores e institui??es favor?veis ? classifica??o do Crit?rio Brasil, e as institui??es e os autores cr?ticos ao mesmo. Defendemos a tese de que o Brasil experimentou uma ascens?o horizontal fruto de um processo de incrementalismo social, n?o a ponto de serem consideradas classes m?dias, mas classes trabalhadoras consumidoras. Al?m disso, procuraremos demonstrar que o processo de inser??o social pode ser definido como inser??o dependente, em que se faz necess?rio novas pol?ticas p?blicas no sentido de garantir o acesso a servi?os p?blicos por gera??es e consolidar um processo de inclus?o social.
This thesis analyzed the growth of the working class in Brazilian society during the 2000s, identified by the Brazil Economic Classification Criteria as ?Classe C? (social class C). The thematic range has been fertile ground for a number of disputes, mainly because of questions as their characteristics, given the fact that this is a socially heterogeneous group, assembled by an economic stratification. We analyze the growth of this ?classe C? through relevant official data, as IPEADATA and the National Survey by Household Sampling (PNAD). Mobilize authors and institutions favorable to the classification Criterion Brazil, and institutions and critical at the same authors. We defend the thesis that Brazil experienced a social mobility by a process of social incrementalism. Also, we try to show that the social insertion process can be defined as insertion dependent, where it is necessary new public policies to ensure access to public services for generations and consolidate a process of social inclusion.
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48

Fowler, David M. "Error Modeling and Analysis of Star Cameras for a Class of 1U Spacecraft." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2017.

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As spacecraft today become increasingly smaller, the demand for smaller components and sensors rises as well. The smartphone, a cutting edge consumer technology, has impressive collections of both sensors and processing capabilities and may have the potential to fill this demand in the spacecraft market. If the technologies of a smartphone can be used in space, the cost of building miniature satellites would drop significantly and give a boost to the aerospace and scientific communities.Concentrating on the problem of spacecraft orientation, this study sets ground to determine the capabilities of a smartphone camera when acting as a star camera. Orientations determined from star images taken from a smartphone camera are compared to those of higher quality cameras in order to determine the associated accuracies. The results of the study reveal the abilities of low-cost off-the-shelf imagers in space and give a starting point for future research in the field.The study began with a complete geometric calibration of each analyzed imager such that all comparisons start from the same base. After the cameras were calibrated, image processing techniques were introduced to correct for atmospheric, lens, and image sensor effects. Orientations for each test image are calculated through methods of identifying the stars exposed on each image. Analyses of these orientations allow the overall errors of each camera to be defined and provide insight into the abilities of low-cost imagers.
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49

Plaza, Reveco Alejandro. "¿El regreso del clivaje de clases? Estimando el efecto de la estructura de clases en el posicionamiento político en Chile 2007-2014." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144982.

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Sociólogo
La presente memoria de título examina la evolución del clivaje de clases en su capacidad de modelar las preferencias políticas de los chilenos entre 2007 y 2014. Antecedentes respecto al caso chileno exponen que el alto consenso de la elite política sobre el legado autoritario está relacionado con el reducido efecto del clivaje de clases en las preferencias políticas durante el periodo post-autoritario. Se conjetura que a partir del ascenso de la derecha al gobierno en el 2010, la fuerte emergencia de movimientos sociales el 2011 y el programa reformista del segundo gobierno de Michelle Bachelet, hay mayores incentivos para que el efecto del clivaje de clases aumente, por la mayor tematización y politización de las desigualdades sociales. Utilizando los datos de la encuesta CEP entre Junio de 2007 y Julio de 2014 y aplicando las técnicas de regresión lineal y análisis de varianza, se estima el efecto de la estructura de clases, operacionalizado en base al esquema Erikson Goldthorpe y Portocarrero (EGP) en el posicionamiento político, medido a través de la escala de auto-posicionamiento izquierda-derecha. En primera instancia, los resultados muestran que el posicionamiento político de los chilenos en promedio se establece en la centro-izquierda para todo el periodo analizado. En segundo lugar, los resultados de los análisis de regresión lineal y de varianza permiten establecer que el efecto de la estructura de clases en las preferencias políticas es reducido, no habiendo mayores fluctuaciones entre las mediciones. Asimismo todas las clases sociales en general tienden a posicionarse en el centro político, donde las mayores diferencias se localizan entre los trabajadores de la agricultura con los pequeños empleadores y los pequeños propietarios del agro. Se concluye para el caso chileno que la mayor tematización política de las desigualdades sociales experimentado en los últimos años no es una condición suficiente para que aumente el efecto del clivaje de clases en el posicionamiento ideológico
29-01-2018
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50

Guglielmini, Julien. "Origine et évolution des systèmes toxine-antitoxine de classe II." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210148.

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Les systèmes toxine-antitoxine (TA) sont composés de deux gènes organisés en opéron retrouvés chez la quasi-totalité des bactéries ainsi que chez les archées. Ils ont été découverts sur des plasmides, où ils induisent une tuerie post-segregationnelle (PSK). En effet, l’antitoxine est instable car elle est dégradée par une protéase ATP dépendante. Lors de la réplication, si un plasmide portant un système TA n’est pas transmis à la cellule fille, celle-ci recevra tout de même une partie du cytoplasme de la cellule mère qui contenait des protéines de toxine et d’antitoxine. Cette dernière étant instable, et sans synthèse de novo, la toxine va se retrouver libre d’affecter sa cible cellulaire. Un système TA crée donc une addiction au plasmide qui le porte, stabilisant celui-ci.

Les systèmes TA se retrouvent également, dans un nombre de copies variable, au sein du chromosome. Dans ce cas, plusieurs hypothèses existent quant à leur fonction, comme la mort cellulaire programmée, la réponse au stress, la stabilisation de régions génomiques non essentielles, ou l’anti-addiction au plasmide.

L’origine et l’évolution des systèmes TA restent inconnues, alors qu’ils présentent des aspects intrigants. En effet, les toxines CcdB et MazF ont des séquences et des activités toxiques très différentes, malgré une structure proche ;les toxines RelE et ParE présentent des séquences proches, mais des fonctions différentes. À l’heure actuelle, les deux hypothèses concernant l’origine évolutive des systèmes TA sont soit qu’ils seraient tous issus d’un ancêtre commun, soit qu’ils auraient été réinventés plusieurs fois au cours de l’évolution, à partir d’un nombre limité de gènes.

Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons abordé la question de l’origine et l’évolution des systèmes TA de plusieurs manières :par la reconstruction de phylogénies et de séquences ancestrales, et par l’étude d’un système chromosomique particulier au sein de nombreuses souches d’Escherichia coli. Enfin, nous nous avons décidé d’analyser le contexte génomique des systèmes TA chromosomiques. Ces travaux ont notamment permis de mieux comprendre l’évolution des systèmes TA, et de conforter l’hypothèse selon laquelle ils seraient des éléments égoïstes, évoluant au sein des génomes sans gain d’aptitude pour l’hôte.


Doctorat en Sciences
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