Journal articles on the topic 'Class of 1989'
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1
Blazynski, Christine. "Displaced cholinergic, GABAergic amacrine cells in the rabbit retina also contain adenosine." Visual Neuroscience 3, no. 5 (November 1989): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523800005927.
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AbstractIt is generally accepted that the purine nucleoside, adenosine, plays a neuromodulatory role in the central nervous system (CNS) (Daly et al., 1981; Phillis ' Wu, 1983; Williams, 1986; Williams, 1987; Snyder, 1985). Adenosine is thought to exert its primary effects presynaptically, by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters including ³-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (ACh) (Phillis ' Barraco, 1985; Proctor ' Dunwiddie, 1987). In mammalian retina, cell bodies that are strongly labeled for adenosine-like immunoreactivity (ALIR) have been localized to the ganglion cell layer (GCL) (Braas et al., 1987; Blazynski et al., 1989). Rabbit retinal cells that are labeled by markers for both ACh and GABA are located in the GCL and inner nuclear layer (INL) (Tauchi ' Masland, 1984; Vaney ' Young, 1988b; Brecha et al., 1988). It is now demonstrated in the rabbit retina that approximately 50% of the cells labeled for ALIR within the GCL represent true ganglion cells, with the remainder presumed to be displaced cholinergic amacrine cells (DAPI accumulating). In addition, some of these same cells also demonstrate immunoreactivity to glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), involved in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter GABA. Thus, in a particular class of retinal neurons, two fast-acting neurotransmitters as well as a putative neuromodulator have been co-localized.
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Artzt, Alice F. "Integrating Writing and Cooperative Learning in the Mathematics Class." Mathematics Teacher 87, no. 2 (February 1994): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.87.2.0080.
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As teachers have recognized the importance of giving students opportunities to communicate their ideas about mathematics, they have begun to implement writing activities and cooperative-learning strategies in their classrooms (e.g., Abel and Abel [1988]; Artzt [1979]; Havens [1989); LeGere [1991); Mcintosh [1991]; Nahrgang and Petersen [1986); Sutton [1992]).
3
Ooki, Syuichi. "Estimation of the Contribution of Assisted and Non-Assisted Reproductive Technology Fertility Treatments to Multiple Births During the Past 30 Years in Japan: 1979–2008." Twin Research and Human Genetics 14, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.14.5.476.
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The effect of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and non-ART ovulation stimulation fertility treatment on the number and rate of multiple live births from 1979–2008 in Japan was estimated using two independent data sources, ART statistics and vital statistics. Japanese ART statistics presented by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology between 1989 and 2008 were gathered and reanalyzed. The number and rates of ART between 1984 and 1988 were interpolated using an approximation formula, using the values from 1983, when the first ART baby was born in Japan, and the 1989–1992 values. The number of ART multiples between 1979–1982 was set as equal to zero. The minimum (or maximum) number of non-ART iatrogenic multiple births was estimated by subtracting the maximum (or minimum) ART multiples from the total iatrogenic multiples, which was estimated by vital statistics assuming that spontaneous multiple-birth rates according to maternal age class would be constant. There was an overall increase in the non-ART multiple births during the 30-year period, whereas ART multiples tended to increase from 1983 to 2005, and then rapidly decreased thereafter. The number or percentage of ART multiples was almost consistently lower than that of non-ART multiples. The percentage of non-ART multiples (33%) among the total multiples was estimated to be about three times more than the ART multiples (11–12%) in 2008. Given the medical and social impact of multiple births, it is imperative to construct a hospital-based monitoring system for fertility treatments, specially non-ART fertility treatments and multiple births.
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Daou, D., F. Wesemael, P. Bergeron, G. Fontaine, and J. B. Holberg. "Spectroscopic Studies and Atmospheric Parameters of ZZ Ceti Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 114 (1989): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100099632.
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The pulsating ZZ Ceti stars cover a narrow range of effective temperatures along the cooling sequence of DA white dwarfs (see, eg., Winget and Fontaine 1982). Fast-photometric searches for pulsating stars in that class have provided strong evidence that the ZZ Ceti phase is an evolutionary phase through which all cooling DA stars will eventually go through (Fontaine et al. 1982). Recent investigations, based on optical or ultraviolet photometry and spectrophotometry, have set the boundaries of the instability strip at temperatures near 10,000-11,000 K and 12,000-13,000 K, respectively (McGraw 1979; Greenstein 1982; Weidemann and Koester 1984; Fontaine et al. 1985; Wesemael, Lamontagne, and Fontaine 1986; Lamontagne, Wesemael, and Fontaine 1987, 1988).
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Grattet, Ryken. "Sociological Perspectives on Legal Change: The Role of the Legal Field in the Transformation of the Common Law of Industrial Accidents." Social Science History 21, no. 3 (1997): 359–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200017788.
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Sociological and social historical approaches to the study of legal transformations have traditionally been marked by a focus on external “social” factors, such as industrialization, class conflict, and social movement activity, that causally determine the form and content of law (Hurst 1956; Friedman 1973; Gordon 1975; Hagan 1980; Humphries and Greenberg 1981; Chambliss and Seidman 1982; Chambliss and Zatz 1993; Kantor and Fishback 1994). More recently, interdisciplinary scholarship on law and society has criticized this view for narrowly reducing law to formal structure—organizational procedures and textual rules—and for its image of unidirectional causation running from society to law (Gordon 1984; Harrington and Yngvesson 1990). The result of this critique has been a growth in interpretive research on law emphasizing ideological analysis of law and depicting relations between law and society as constitutive (Milner 1989: 633).
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CHARALAMBIDIS, ANGELOS, CHRISTOS NOMIKOS, and PANOS RONDOGIANNIS. "The Expressive Power of Higher-Order Datalog." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 19, no. 5-6 (September 2019): 925–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068419000279.
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AbstractA classical result in descriptive complexity theory states that Datalog expresses exactly the class of polynomially computable queries on ordered databases (Papadimitriou 1985; Grädel 1992; Vardi 1982; Immerman 1986; Leivant 1989). In this paper we extend this result to the case of higher-order Datalog. In particular, we demonstrate that on ordered databases, for all k ≥ 2, k-order Datalog captures (k − 1)-EXPTIME. This result suggests that higher-order extensions of Datalog possess superior expressive power and they are worthwhile of further investigation both in theory and in practice.
7
BATCHELOR, J. "IMMUNOLOGY: CLASS OF 1989." Lancet 334, no. 8669 (October 1989): 992–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91008-8.
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Hanagan, Michael. "New Perspectives on Class Formation: Culture, Reproduction, and Agency." Social Science History 18, no. 1 (1994): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021465.
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The essays by Hans Marks and Don Kalb represent important contributions to a growing literature on class formation. Much of the current attention to class formation flows from the contemporary concern with larger processes of identity formation (Hanagan 1989; McNall 1988; Tilly 1992). Scholars such as Ira Katznelson and Adam Przeworski have emphasized the contingent character of class identity while, at the same time, reminding us of the need to understand why millions of people in the late nineteenth century chose to band together and fight under banners labeled proletarian (Katznelson 1986; Przeworski 1977).
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Willshaw, David, and Peter Dayan. "Optimal Plasticity from Matrix Memories: What Goes Up Must Come Down." Neural Computation 2, no. 1 (March 1990): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1990.2.1.85.
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A recent article (Stanton and Sejnowski 1989) on long-term synaptic depression in the hippocampus has reopened the issue of the computational efficiency of particular synaptic learning rules (Hebb 1949; Palm 1988a; Morris and Willshaw 1989) — homosynaptic versus heterosynaptic and monotonic versus nonmonotonic changes in synaptic efficacy. We have addressed these questions by calculating and maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio, a measure of the potential fidelity of recall, in a class of associative matrix memories. Up to a multiplicative constant, there are three optimal rules, each providing for synaptic depression such that positive and negative changes in synaptic efficacy balance out. For one rule, which is found to be the Stent-Singer rule (Stent 1973; Rauschecker and Singer 1979), the depression is purely heterosynaptic; for another (Stanton and Sejnowski 1989), the depression is purely homosynaptic; for the third, which is a generalization of the first two, and has a higher signal-to-noise ratio, it is both heterosynaptic and homosynaptic. The third rule takes the form of a covariance rule (Sejnowski 1977a,b) and includes, as a special case, the prescription due to Hopfield (1982) and others (Willshaw 1971; Kohonen 1972).
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Kingsley, Michael C. S., and Tim J. Byers. "Failure of reproduction in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in Amundsen Gulf, Northwest Territories in 1984-1987." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 1 (June 12, 1998): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2989.
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Ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in Thesiger Bay (about 71 °45'N, 125°00'W), in northwestern Amundsen Gulf in the western Canadian Arctic, suffered a failure of pup production in the years before 1987, starting probably in 1984. Pups taken in the summer hunt in the years before 1987 were reported scarce, and in 1987 were only 2.8% of the total 4+ and older. This low reproduction was associated with poor body condition in females and with an age distribution of adults that was weighted toward older animals (the modal year class was the 8+ class). An unusually high proportion of adult females had never reproduced; the median age of first birth was estimated at 8.6 years. By the summer of 1988 the age distribution had changed toward younger animals (modal age 5+), in better condition (by 20%), which had almost all ovulated. Pups were more numerous in the catch. In 1989 pups were very numerous in the catch (142% of the 4+ adults) and the estimated mean ageof first birth had decreased to 5.3 years; almost all 5-year-olds sampled had borne pups. A similar occurrence of low pup production had been documented in the early 1970s, and resumption of reproductive activity had then also been associated with an apparent turnover of the population, the mean age of adults decreasing from 16-17 years when reproduction was low to 10.9 years in the year before reproduction resumed. Long-term data on ringed seals in the western Canadian Arctic has shown an average age at first ovulation of about 5.55 years and first birth just before age 7, about 1 year older than seen in this sample in 1989. Our 1989 sample may have been able to mature earlier because food was temporarily more abundant, or breeding densities temporarily lower, than long-term average values.
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Hamilakis, Yannis. "Archaeology in Greek higher education." Antiquity 74, no. 283 (March 2000): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00066321.
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The teaching of archaeology in higher education in Greece cannot be viewed in isolation from the broader realms of antiquity, archaeology and the past in modern Greek society and the context of Greek higher education. A growing body of literature has shown that archaeological antiquities have contributed substantially to the generation and perpetuation of a genealogical national myth upon which the modern nation- state of Greece was founded (e.g. Gourgouris 1996; Herzfeld 1982, 1987; Kitromilides 1989; Morris 1994; Skopetea 1988). This ideology of nationalism not only presented the nation-state as the ideal form of political organization for 19th-century Greece, but also presented the inhabitants of Greece as direct descendants of Socrates and Plato. Intellectuals and the emerging middle class merchants imported this western romantic ideology (so popular amongst the European middle-class of the time) into Greece.
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Kelley, Donovan. "Abundance, growth and first-winter survival of young bass in nurseries of south-west England." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 2 (April 2002): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005507.
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0-group bass were sampled from the shallow creeks of the Tamar and Camel estuaries at regular intervals from May to September in 1981 to 2000 to measure relative year-class abundance. From 1989 onwards classes were generally strong, especially those of 1989, 1992 (Tamar only), 1995 and 1998. Sampling at age-4, before departure from the nursery at the onset of adolescent movements, gave broadly similar relativities. Numbers were greater, and growth faster, in the Tamar than in the smaller and cooler Camel. Temperature was an important factor in both abundance and growth. Occasional major differences in abundance between the two estuaries were reported. Factors which might bias the age-4 result are considered. Other estuaries on the south side of the south-west peninsula, sampled less frequently, reflected Tamar abundances; others on the north side reflected Camel abundances. Limited analysis of stomach contents of older juvenile bass often present in the same habitats revealed no evidence of cannibalism on 0-groups. The shallow creeks of the Tamar and Camel were deserted in winter but a deeper creek on the Taw, frequented throughout winter, was sampled monthly in the 1982–1996 winters to measure losses, if any, in cold periods. In the mainly mild winters, losses were infrequent and small except in the five-week cold spell of early 1986, when the 1985 class suffered an estimated 58% loss in the Taw and possible total loss in the Camel and the Tamar. Sudden heavy flooding of the estuaries caused no apparent losses when they occurred in late summer and autumn but might be damaging if they occur soon after post-larvae arrive.
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Salvatore, Gaston. "From ‘Büchner's Death’ —to Stalin's." New Theatre Quarterly 6, no. 24 (November 1990): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00004905.
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Gaston Salvatore was born in Valparaiso, Chile, in 1941, of an upper middle class Chilean mother and an Italian father. After completing a degree in law, he went to Berlin in 1965, where he studied sociology, and together with Rudi Dutschke became one of the leaders of the student protest movement. He was arrested and obliged to leave Germany in 1969, returning briefly to Chile. In the early ‘seventies he went to Rome, where he worked with Michelangelo Antonioni. One of the results of that collaboration was his novel. Der Kaiser von China, published in 1979. He began his work in German with a cycle of poems, Der langwierige Weg in die Wohnung Natascha Ungeheurs, set to music by Hans Werner Henze, in 1970. His German theatre pieces include Büchners Tod (1972), Fossilien (1975), Freibrief (1977), Tauroggen (1978), Stalin (1985), and Lektionen der Finsternis (1989). A novel, Der Mann mit der Trommel, was published in 1974, and Salvatore's most recent work in that form, Waldemar Müller – ein deutsches Schicksal, appeared in 1982. Gaston Salvatore is co-editor with Hans Magnus Enzensberger of the Trans-Atlantik review, and also writes for Stern, Der Spiegel, and the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. He now lives in Venice. The following interview with Salvatore by Alessandro Tinterri, one of the directors of the Actors’ Museum of Genova, took place in Venice in 1989, following two Italian productions of Salvatore's Stalin in a single season – one by the Compagnia del Collettivo di Parma, with Gigi Dall' Aglio and Michele De Marchi, and another by the Teatro di Sardegna, with Raf Vallone. The original German production opened in Berlin, at the Schiller-Theater on 31 October 1987, and was followed by several other productions, including one directed by Salvatore himself at Karlsruhe. In 1988 George Tabori staged the play at the Burgtheater in Vienna, with a woman, Angelica Damrose, in the title role. Alessandro Tinterri sets out in this interview to examine the background to Gaston Salvatore's work and to trace the multi-cultural pathways that have led to his present standing in the European, and especially German, theatre.
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Borchert, James, and Susan Borchert. "Downtown, Uptown, Out of Town." Social Science History 26, no. 2 (2002): 311–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012372.
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In a recent New York Times article, Robert Sharoff reported on “a throwback to the early years of the 20th century when wealthy Chicago families tended to live in such close-in neighborhoods as Prairie Avenue and theGold Coast.” For the past five years, wealthy Chicagoans have been constructing “palatial residences of at least 6,000 square feet” in the Lincoln Park neighborhood a mile and one-half north of the Loop (Sharoff 2000: 36). This “return” of the well-to-do to the city contradicts traditional urban theories on elite residential patterns; the preponderance of these theories projects the upper class universally and continuously seeking the metropolitan fringe for new homes, more and open land, and/or lower density (Burgess 1925; Hoyt 1939; Alonso 1964; Adams 1987; Downs 1981; Luger 1996; Lowry 1960; Hartshorn and Muller 1989; and Knox 1994).These theories, as well as the notion of the recent return of the upper class to the city, mask a long history of continuing elite residence within some cities as well as considerable diversity in upper-class residence patterns and landscapes among cities.
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Halpin, Brendan. "Current Issues in Stratification in the United Kingdom." Tocqueville Review 19, no. 1 (January 1998): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.19.1.151.
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From the early 1990s and before then: has been a sustained attack on the concept of social class in the UK and elsewhere, largely making the point that it carries a lot of Marxist and historicist baggage, and is demonstrably irrelevant to the analysis of contemporary industrial society (Hindess, 1987; Turner, 1989; SØrenson, 1991). For instance, in 1989, Ray Pahl asked “is the emperor naked?”; more recently Pakulski and Waters (1996) have announced “The Death of Class”. Class conflict, and class identity, they argue, arc notable by their weakness, and other factors, such as gender, race, or lifestyle, offer greater explanatory power.
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Davis, John B. "Ricardo's Theory of Profit and the Third Edition of the Principles." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 15, no. 1 (1993): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200005289.
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David Ricardo's “On Machinery” chapter continues to interest theorists and historians of economic thought (Blaug 1958, Hollander 1979, Kurz 1984, Samuelson, 1988, 1989, Morishima 1989, Negishi 1990). Yet the addition of the chapter to the third edition of Ricardo's Principles of Political Economy and Taxation arguably overturns much of the view for which Ricardo is so well known (Davis 1989). In the added chapter Ricardo allows, contrary to his original view in the first two editions, that the introduction of machinery is indeed injurious to the class of laborers. More interestingly, because machinery substitutes for labor, wages cannot rise and profits are no longer threatened by rising rents. Effectively the contest between capitalists and landlords of the first two editions of the Principles is replaced in the final edition by one between capitalists and laborers. However, not only does the “On Machinery“ chapter substantially change the distributional argument customarily attributed to the Principles, but it also permits an examination of Ricardo's thinking about distribution in two distinct, but related frameworks. The discussion here compares the distributional analysis in the first two editions with that of the third to explain the general nature of the Ricardo's theory of profit. It does so by providing a novel interpretation of Ricardo's characterization of profit as a residual, and by emphasizing the historical context in which distribution occurred in the beginning of the nineteenth century.
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Hayes, Bernadette C. "OCCUPATIONAL HOMOGAMY WITHIN NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND: A LOG‐LINEAR ANALYSIS." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 13, no. 1/2 (January 1, 1993): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb013169.
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Social mobility has long been viewed as an integrative mechanism for societies. For example, whereas earlier American researchers saw opportunities for social mobility as a vital factor in promoting political stability and the maximisation of equality of opportunity, more recent British sociologists have noted the role of social mobility in legitimising inequalities and impeding class formation and class action. Despite this stress on the importance of social mobility for societal stability, however, there has been little sustained empirical study of the influence of marital homogany either in terms of societal integration or the reproduction of class relations. Yet, as Jones (1987) notes, this neglect of the issue is somewhat puzzling. Not only have earlier studies of class phenomena such as Sorokin (1927) and Schumpeter (1951) paid considerable attention to marriage and the family in relation to social stability, class formation and class cohesion, but, marital patterns, in terms of the economic and social resources of parents, are consistently emphasised as one vital factor in accounting for the subsequent occupational achievements of children (Hayes and Miller, 1991; Miller and Hayes, 1990; Abbott and Sapsford, 1987; Boyd, 1985; Dale et.al., 1985; Cooney et.al., 1982; Marini, 1980) and the political attitudes of households in general (Leiulfsrud and Woodward, 1988, 1987; Abbott, 1987; Britten, 1984).
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Mackenney, Linda. "The Oppositional Theatre of McGrath and MacLennan in Scotland, 1989–96." New Theatre Quarterly 30, no. 4 (October 21, 2014): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x14000694.
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In this article, Linda Mackenney explores the four epic plays John McGrath wrote between 1989 and 1996 in the aftermath of his forced resignation from 7:84 Scotland in 1988. These were produced in association with David MacLennan of Wildcat Stage Productions and televised by McGrath's Freeway Films for Channel Four in the 1990s. McGrath died of leukaemia in 2002, and MacLennan died earlier this year after a battle with motor neurone disease; but the work they did together in the 1990s forms a significant part of their legacy. Linda Mackenney was introduced to McGrath's work as a student, when she attended the lectures at the University of Cambridge which were later published as his seminal critical work, A Good Night Out: Popular Theatre: Audience, Class, and Form. She carried out the research for 7:84 Scotland's Clydebuilt Season in 1982, was the creator of the Scottish Theatre Archive at Glasgow University Library, and is the author of The Activities of Popular Dramatists and Drama Groups in Scotland, 1900–1952 (Edwin Mellen Press, 2000). She was a member of the 7:84 Scotland Board of Directors between 1983 and 1988 and is currently completing a study of John McGrath's theatre writings.
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Taylor, Lyn. "Teaching Mathematics with Technology: Activities to Introduce Your Class to Logo." Arithmetic Teacher 39, no. 3 (November 1991): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.39.3.0052.
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Papert (1980) developed Logo to encourage exploration, creativity, and discovery. The following classroom-tested, guided-discovery activities exemplify this spirit and further the goals of the NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards (1989). These activities are appropriate for use at the primary, intermediate, and middle school levels, as well as with older students.
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Ost, David. "Class after Communism." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 29, no. 3 (August 2015): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415602057.
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After 1989, class appeared to be everywhere and nowhere. The messy consequences of the emergence of new classes and new types of economic inequalities were plain for all to see, but no one uttered the term “class.” The concept appeared illegitimate because of associations with the old regime, even though it always had more success explaining developments in the capitalist world east Europe was entering than the state socialist world it was leaving. The media and academy adopted a discourse of “normality” instead: New rules resulted not from policy choices empowering certain groups at the expense of others but from necessity, and people just had to adapt. Because the economic collapse nevertheless elicited much anger and frustration, the absence of class talk contributed to a proliferation of nationalist talk, and thus had political consequences. The paper rehearses reasons for the decline of class analysis in the region, and notes the post-1989 fascination with the “middle class.” It explores the evolution of class analysis during the communist period, culminating in the embrace of a stratification theory that resisted discussion of power, which made sense at the time but became a burden after 1989. Several critical class analyses of state socialism, from the 1930s to today, are then introduced, demonstrating both their relevance and their unfortunate absence from debates. New types of class analyses promoted by younger scholars and activists are emerging, however, and are discussed in the summaries of the other essays in this collection.
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Ashby, Michael G. "Articulatory possibilities for implosives." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 20, no. 2 (December 1990): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300004187.
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From relevant surveys (Greenberg 1970, Maddieson 1984: 98–122) it appears that the only sound-types with glottalic suction initiation which are reliably attested in the sound systems of languages are oral-plus-velic stops with plain release, whether these be the common voiced types, or the rare voiceless types (see e.g. Pinkerton 1986) which received official recognition and symbols only at the 1989 IPA convention. Real-language members of the class ‘implosive’ thus share articulatory as well as initiatory properties, making the ‘-plosive’ part of the term particularly apt.
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Orman, Betina E., Silvia A. Piñeiro, Sonia Arduino, Marcelo Galas, Roberto Melano, Maria I. Caffer, Daniel O. Sordelli, and Daniela Centrón. "Evolution of Multiresistance in Nontyphoid Salmonella Serovars from 1984 to 1998 in Argentina." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 12 (December 2002): 3963–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.12.3963-3970.2002.
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ABSTRACT Molecular evolution of multiresistance in nontyphoid Salmonella spp. was investigated with 155 isolates obtained in Argentina from 1984 to 1998. In 74 isolates obtained from 1984 to 1988 resistance was associated with the presence of Tn3, Tn9, class I (In0) and II (Tn7) integrons, and the aac(3)-IIa gene. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance in Salmonella spp. emerged in 1989, and 81 isolates resistant to at least one ESC and one aminoglycoside were collected thereafter. Among these, two patterns of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms were found: from 1989 to 1992, resistance was related to the spreading of Tn1331 and bla CTX-M-2, in addition to the persistence of In0 and Tn7. From 1993 to 1998, several integrons were added to the first pattern and three integron groups (IG), namely, IG1 (38% of the isolates), IG2 (51%), and IG3 (11%), were identified. At least two β-lactamase genes were detected in 65% of the isolates (after 1989) by PCR analysis. Furthermore, five β-lactamase genes, bla CTX-M- 2 , bla OXA-9, bla OXA-2, bla TEM-1, and bla PER-2, were found in two isolates. The bla CTX-M-2 gene was found in several complex sulI-type integrons with different rearrays within the variable region of class I integrons, suggesting evolution of these integrons in nontyphoid Salmonella. In conclusion, progressive acquisition and accumulation of plasmid-mediated resistance determinants occurred from 1984 to 1998 in nontyphoid Salmonella isolates of the most prevalent serovars from Argentina. It is suggested that antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in these bacteria may have been the consequence of plasmid exchange between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli or Shigella flexneri and/or spreading of mobile elements from the nosocomial environment.
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Lesho, Marivic. "Philippine English (Metro Manila acrolect)." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 48, no. 3 (December 18, 2017): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100317000548.
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English is an official language in the Philippines, along with Filipino, a standardized register originally based on Tagalog (Gonzalez 1998). The Philippines were a Spanish colony for over three centuries, but when the Americans took control in 1898, they immediately implemented English instruction in schools (Gonzalez 2004). It became much more widespread among Filipinos than Spanish ever was, and by the late 1960s, Philippine English was recognized as a distinct, nativized variety (Llamzon 1969). It is widely spoken throughout the country as a second language, alongside Filipino and approximately 180 other languages (Lewis, Simmons & Fennig 2016). It is also spoken in the home by a small number of Filipinos, especially among the upper class in Metro Manila (Gonzalez 1983, 1989) and other urban areas. There is a large body of literature on Philippine English. However, relatively few studies have focused on its sound system. The most detailed phonological descriptions of this variety have been by Tayao (2004, 2008), although there have also been previous sketches (Llamzon 1969, 1997; Gonzalez 1984). There has been very little phonetic research on Philippine English, apart from some work describing the vowel system (Pillai, Manueli & Dumanig 2010, Cruz 2015).
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Sinha, Arti. "Shashi Despande as a Feminist." Journal of Advanced Research in Journalism & Mass Communication 07, no. 01 (June 15, 2020): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2395.3810.202004.
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Shashi Deshpande, born in 1938 at Dharwad, Karnataka, is the daughter of renowned Kannada dramatist and Sanskrit scholar, Late Adya Rangachar Shriranga. Deshpande, a recipient of the prestigious ‘Sahitya Akademy Award’ for ‘That Long Silence’ is well known for her short stories, children books and novels. Her chief novels include ‘The Dark Holds No Terror’ [1980], ‘The Roots and the Shadows’ [1983], ‘That Long Silence’ [1989], ‘A Matter of Time’ [1996], ‘Small Remedies’ [2000], ‘The Binding Vine’ [2002] etc. In these novels, she has very subtly voiced the agonies, sufferings, hopes, aspirations and frustrations through the protagonists and other characters, who are generally the respresentative of middle class urban educated women.
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Nevill, R. J., and S. A. Alexander. "Root- and stem-colonizing insects recovered from eastern white pines with procerum root disease." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 1712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x92-225.
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In 1988, eastern white pines (Pinusstrobus L.) from four southwestern Virginia Christmas tree plantations symptomatic of infection by Leptographiumprocerum (Kendr.) Wingf. were assigned to one of four symptom categories based on crown color and resin exudation at the root collar. A fifth category was added in 1989 and 1990. From each plantation, the root system and the lower stem of one tree in each symptom class was excavated monthly and examined for fungi and insects from June to September in 1988 and 1989 and from April to September in 1990. Larvae of two weevil species, Hylobiuspales (Herbst) and Pissodesnemorensis Germ., were recovered with L. procerum from 23, 17, and 21% of the trees in all symptom classes in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. Pre-emergent adults of both weevil species contaminated with L. procerum were also recovered from excavated stems. Bark beetle genera (family Scolytidae), including Pityogenes, Xyleborus, Orthotomicus, Ips, and Pityophthorus, were recovered with L. procerum from 10, 11, and 8% of diseased trees with advanced symptoms in 1988, 1989, and 1990, respectively. The association of these insects, especially H. pales and P. nemorensis, with L. procerum throughout the decline of the host adds further evidence that they may act as vectors of the fungus.
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Antonić, Slobodan. "Social mobility in Britain and Serbia: Surveys and findings." Socioloski godisnjak, no. 7 (2012): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socgod1207007a.
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The first part of the article provides an overview of British studies of vertical social mobility - researches of Glass (1949), Goldthorpe (1972) and Marshall (1988) - as well as controversy regarding the interpretation of their findings. The second part analyzes the reports of similar surveys in Serbia - researches of Janicijević (1972), Popović / Bogdanović (1988), Vuković (1989) and Lazić / Cvejić (1997 and 2012). It is concluded that the current social mobility in the Serbian society corresponds to Goldthorpe's findings for English society in 1972. Approximately a third of the highest class comes from the lowest class, but there are relatively small descending in the lower class. UK in the coming years, in the time after research of Goldthorpe, experienced the economic recovery and development, leading to maintaining upward mobility trend. Can Serbian society resolve the economic problems typical for a (semi) peripheral society and stop the downward trend of interclass permeability? It remains to be seen. But even with stopping this trend, it is difficult to believe that Serbia, in terms of intergenerational mobility, in the near future could be become an open society such as it was occurred during the sixties and seventies of the 20th century.
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Bakel, M. A., R. Borofsky, Andrew Beatty, J. A. Feldman et al., A. G. Beek, Christian F. Feest, N. Bootsma, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 146, no. 4 (1990): 476–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003215.
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- M.A. van Bakel, R. Borofsky, Making history; Pukapukan and anthropological constructions of knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 201 pp.; ill. - Andrew Beatty, J.A. Feldman et al., Nias, tribal treasures: Cosmic reflections in stone, wood and gold, Delft: Volkenkundig Museum Nusantara, 1990. - A.G. van Beek, Christian F. Feest, Technologie und ergologie in der Völkerkunde, Band 2, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Ethnologische Paperbacks, 1989. xiv, 290 pp., Alfred Janata (eds.) - N. Bootsma, Bernhard Dahm, José Rizal, Der nationalheld der Filipinos, Zürich: Munster-Schmidt Verlag Göttingen, 1988, 88 pp. - Aart G. Broek, John de Pool, Bolívar op / en Curaçoa: Historische novelle / leyende histórico [Inleiding door / introducción del L.W. Statius van Eps en / y E. Luckmann-Levy Maduro; vertaling uit het Spaans door L. Hoetink-Espinal], Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1988. - Martin van Bruinessen, Peter Kloos, Door het oog van de antropoloog: Botsende visies bij heronderzoek. Muiderberg: Dick Coutinho, 1988, 148 pp. - J.G. de Casparis, Charles Higham, The Archaeology of mainland Southeast Asia. From 10,000 B.C. to the fall of Angkor. Cambridge World Archaeology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. - H.J.M. Claessen, Luc de Heusch, Ecrits sur la royauté sacrée. Brussel, Institut de Sociologie: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles. 1987. 314 pp. - H. Dagmar, Erich Kolig, The Noonkanbah Story, Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 1987. - Anke van Dijke, Linda Terpstra, Anil Ramdas, De strijd van de dansers; Biografische vertellingen uit Curaçao, Amsterdam: SUA, 1988. - B.F. Galjart, Hans-Dieter Evers, Strategische gruppen. Vergleichende studien zu staat, bürokratie und klassenbildung in der dritten welt. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1988, 279 pp., Tilman Schiel (eds.) - J. Hoffenaar, G. Teitler, Anatomie van de Indische defensie: Scenario’s, plannen, beleid 1892-1920. [Anatomy of the defence of the Netherlands East Indies: Scenarios, plans, policy 1892-1920], Amsterdam: Van Soeren, 1988, 482 pp. - Rudy de Jongh, Sjoerd Rienk Jaarsma, Waarneming en interpretatie. Vergaring en gebruik van ethnografische informatie in Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea (1950-1962). Utrecht: Interdisiplinair Sociaal Wetenschappelijk Onderzoekinstituut Rijksuniversiteit, 1990. 247 pp. English summary. - Ward Keeler, J.Joseph Errington, Structure and style in Javanese: A semiotic view of linguistic etiquette, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988, 290 pp. - Ank Klomp, Raymond T. Smith, Kinship and class in the West Indies; A genealogical study of Jamaica and Guyana, Cambridge etc.: Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology, Cambridge University Press, 1988. - G.J. Knaap, A.H.P. Clemens, Het belang van de Buitengewesten; Economische expansie en koloniale staatsvorming in de Buitengewesten van Nederlands-Indië 1870-1942, NEHA-series III, deel 7, Amsterdam: NEHA, viii + 306 pp. 1989., J.Th. Lindblad (eds.) - Jaap de Moor, E.S. van Eyck van Heslinga, Van compagnie naar koopvaardij; De scheepvaartverbinding van de Bataafse Republiek met de koloniën in Azië 1795-1806, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1988. [Hollandse Historische Reeks, no. IX.] 320 pp., kaart, ills., tabellen, bibliografie, index. - Otto van den Muijzenberg, Jean-Claude Lejosne, Le journal de voyage de G. van Wuysthoff et de ses assistants au Laos (1641-1642), Metz: Editions du Centre de Documentation du Cercle de Culture et de Recherches Laotiennes, 1987. 370 pp., 3 indices, bibliography, maps, illustrations. - Gert J. Oostindie, M.J. van den Blink, Olie op de golven; De betrekkingen tussen Nederland/Curaçao en Venezuela gedurende de eerste helft van de twintigste eeuw, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw, 1988, 128 pp. - Rien Ploeg, Robert M. Hill II, Continuities in highland Maya social organisation, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, xxii + 176 pp., 1987., John Monaghan (eds.) - Harry A. Poeze, Takashi Shiraishi, An age in motion; Popular radicalism in Java, 1912-1926, Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press, 1990. xxiv + 365 pp. - Rob de Ridder, Willem F.H. Adelaar, Het boek van Huarochirí. Mythen en riten van het Oude Peru, Amsterdam: Meulenhoff, 1988, 150 pp., - Marie-Odette Scalliet, Peter Carey, A.A.J. Payen: Journal de mon voyage à Jogja Karta en 1825. The outbreak of the Java War (1825-30) as seen by a painter, Cahier d’Archipel 17, Paris 1988. XIV + 183 pp., 17 ill., 3 maps. - Matthew Schoffeleers, Marion Melk-Koch, Auf der Suche nach der menschlichen Gesellschaft: Richard Thurnwald, Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1989. 352 pp., maps, photographs and Thurnwald bibliography. - Matthew Schoffeleers, Peter Metcalf, Where are you / Spirits? Style and theme in Berawan prayer, Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1989, 345 pp. - J.W. Schoorl, J.F.L.M. Cornelissen, Pater en Papoea; Ontmoeting van de Missionarissen van het Heileg Hart met de cultuur der Papoea’s van Nederlands Zuid-Nieuw-Guinea (1905-1963), Kampen: Kok, 1988, XIV + 256 pp. - Alex van Stipriaan, Jo Derkx, Suriname; A bibliography, 1980-1989, Leiden: KITLV (Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology), Department of Caribbean studies, 1990, 297 pp., Irene Rolfes (eds.) - A.A. Trouwborst, Th. Schweizer (Hg), Netzwerkanalyse; Ethnologische perspektiven, Berlin: Dietrich Reimerverlag, 1989, VIII, 229 pp. - Hans Vermeulen, Brian Juan O’Neill, Social inequality in a Portugese hamlet; Land, late marriage and bastardy, 1870-1978, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 431 pp. 1987. - C.W. Watson, Hendrick M.J. Maier, In the center of authority. The Malay Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, Ithaca: Southeast Asia program, Studies on Southeast Asia , 1988. 210 pp. - Neil Lancelot Whitehead, Edmundo Magaña, Orión y la mujer Pléyades. Simbolismo astronómico de los indios kaliña de Surinam, Dordrecht/Providence: Foris, 1988. [CEDLA Latin American studies series 44.] 373 pp. - J.J. de Wolf, Meyer Fortes, Religion, morality and the person: Essays on Tallensi religion, edited and with an introduction by Jack Goody. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
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Chisholm, Richard M. "Using Collaborative Techniques in a Speech Class (1989)." WAC Journal 8, no. 1 (1997): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37514/wac-j.1997.8.1.19.
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Smith, J. E. "Gender and Class in Working-Class History." Radical History Review 1989, no. 44 (April 1, 1989): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-1989-44-152.
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Tomov, T., and M. MiKolajewsKi. "V641 Cas - A Symbiotic Candidate?" International Astronomical Union Colloquium 103 (1988): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100103070.
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The light variability of V641 Cas was discovered by Guinan et al. (1982). Spectral investigations were made earlier by Barbier(1971,1975), wich classified it as a VV Cep-type star and suggested that the V641 Cas is a binary system consisting of M3Ia supergiant and a B type star. Shaw and Guinan(1985) estimated the spectral class of the companion as B2.5. Recently Guinan et al. (1986) reported about semiregular changes with maximal amplitude of about 1.0mduring 1979–1986. Slow variations in the brightness with a mean period 310d and variable amplitude of 0.3m–0.9m ph are established by Berthold(1983).
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Chambless, Martha S., Sarah Blackwell, Carol Redding, and Angie Oswalt. "A Data “Eggs” ploration." Teaching Children Mathematics 4, no. 8 (April 1998): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.4.8.0448.
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Using Chicken Sunday by Patricia Polacco (1992) as a springboard, partners in a University of Mississippi Professional Development School (PDS) instructional team implemented an “Eggs” ploration project with a second-grade class. This two-wcck project was based on a child-centered, problem-solving approach to connecting literature and writing with mathematics (NCTM 1989), an approach that cultivates students' natural curiosity and disposition to ask questions (Winograd and Higgins 1995). The project also supported Kilpatrick's (1985) assertion that discovering and creating authentic problems should he embedded in the learning environment of young children. “The experience of discovering and creating one's own mathematics problems ought to be part of every student's education” (Kilpatrick 1987. 123).
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Della Valle, M., and R. Claudi. "The Galactic Nova Rate." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 122 (1990): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100068329.
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AbstractThe recently estabilished values of M31 and M33 nova rate, rM31 = 29 ± 4 novae yr−1 (Capaccioli et al.,1989), rM33 = 4 ± 2 novae yr−1 (Della Valle, 1988), seems to be at variance with the present estimates for the galactic nova rate, r = 260 novae yr−1 (Sharov,1972) and r = 73 ± 24 novae yr−1 (Liller and Meyer,1987), if we take into account the luminosity class and the Hubble type of the Galaxy. Assuming the nova production per unit of B–luminosity about constant for spiral galaxies and adopting the derived values of the nova rate of M31, M33 and LMC as calibrators, we estimate a galactic nova rate of rGal = 15 ± 5 novae yr−1.
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Fletcher, Courtney V., Diane Metzler, Pamela Borchardt‐Phelps, and John H. Rodman. "Patterns of Antibiotic Use and Expenditures During 7 Years at a University Hospital." Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 10, no. 3 (May 6, 1990): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1875-9114.1990.tb02575.x.
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Before 1982, annual retrospective drug‐use audits clearly established the pattern of increased antibiotic use and expenditures at the University of Minnesota Hospital. At that point, a concurrent trend analysis system was developed to track this use by individual drug and therapeutic class, to identify trends in use for qualitative evaluation, and to provide an assessment of any intervention intended to alter use. Monthly use of all injectable antibiotics and antifungal agents, and selected oral antifungals has been tracked since 1982 as both defined daily doses and dollars. Use patterns in 1981 served as baseline. The defined daily dose index, which captures changes associated with intensity of antibiotic use per patient, increased 62% from baseline through 1988. This increase, however, resulted in a disproportionate 228% rise from baseline in antibiotic expenditures to nearly $3 million/year for 1988. The defined daily dose index peaked in 1985, declined in 1986, and remained stable for 1987 and 1988. Qualitative drug‐use review programs were associated with this positive change. These results demonstrate the utility of concurrent trend analysis as a resource‐management tool and as a measure of effectiveness for collaborative physician‐pharmacist programs to foster safe, appropriate, and economical use of antiinfective agents.
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Stephens, George R. "Mortality, Dieback, and Growth of Defoliated Hemlock and White Pine." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 5, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/5.2.93.
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Abstract In 1981, hemlock and white pine growing in four mixed-wood stands defoliated by gypsy moth were examined for amount of defoliation, crown class, and stem diameter. During May and October 1982-84 the trees were examined for refoliation, mortality, and crown dieback. Hemlock mortality rose quickly to 37% by October 1982 and slowly thereafter to 43% in October 1984. Mortality among dominant hemlock was half that of other crown classes. No dominant or codominant white pine died. Mortality of intermediate white pine leveled at 6% by October 1983; 16% of suppressed trees died by May 1983, and mortality rose slowly to 26% by October 1984. In the spring following defoliation about a third of the surviving hemlock had crown dieback; within two years, three-fourths of these trees died. No hemlock or white pine defoliated less than 60% died. Diameter growth in 1982, the year following defoliation, was about a fourth of that in 1984 for thinned trees and half for unthinned trees. North. J. Appl. For. 5:93-96, June 1988.
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Andel, Joan D., H. E. Coomans, Rene Berg, James N. Sneddon, Thomas Crump, H. Beukers, M. Heins, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 147, no. 4 (1991): 516–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003185.
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- Joan D. van Andel, H.E. Coomans, Building up the the future from the past; Studies on the architecture and historic monuments in the Dutch Caribbean, Zutphen: De Walburg Pers, 1990, 268 pp., M.A. Newton, M. Coomans-Eustatia (eds.) - Rene van den Berg, James N. Sneddon, Studies in Sulawesi linguistics, Part I, 1989. NUSA, Linguistic studies of Indonesian and other languages in Indonesia, volume 31. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri Nusa, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya. - Thomas Crump, H. Beukers, Red-hair medicine: Dutch-Japanese medical relations. Amsterdam/Atlanta, GA: Rodopi, Publications for the Netherlands Association of Japanese studies No. 5, 1991., A.M. Luyendijk-Elshout, M.E. van Opstall (eds.) - M. Heins, Kees P. Epskamp, Theatre in search of social change; The relative significance of different theatrical approaches. Den Haag: CESO Paperback no. 7, 1989. - Rudy De Iongh, Rainer Carle, Opera Batak; Das Wandertheater der Toba-Batak in Nord Sumatra. Schauspiele zur Währung kultureller Identität im nationalen Indonesischen Kontext. Veröffentlichungen des Seminars fur Indonesische und Südseesprachen der Universität Hamburg, Band 15/1 & 15/2 (2 Volumes), Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 1990. - P.E. de Josselin de Jong, Birgit Rottger-Rossler, Rang und Ansehen bei den Makassar von Gowa (Süd-Sulawesi, Indonesien), Kölner Ethnologische Studien, Band 15. Dietrich Reimar Verlag, Berlin, 1989. 332 pp. text, notes, glossary, literature. - John Kleinen, Vo Nhan Tri, Vietnam’s economic policy since 1975. Singapore: ASEAN Economic research unit, Institute of Southeast Asian studies, 1990. xii + 295 pp. - H.M.J. Maier, David Banks, From class to culture; Social conscience in Malay novels since independence, Yale, 1987. - Th. C. van der Meij, Robyn Maxwell, Textiles of Southeast Asia; Tradition, trade and transformation. Melbourne/Oxford/Auckland/New York: Australian National Gallery/Oxford University Press. - A.E. Mills, Elinor Ochs, Culture and language development, Studies in the social and cultural foundations of language No. 6, Cambridge University Press, 227 + 10 pp. - Denis Monnerie, Frederick H. Damon, Death rituals and life in the societies of the Kula Ring, Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1989. 280 pp., maps, figs., bibliogr., Roy Wagner (eds.) - Denis Monnerie, Frederick H. Damon, From Muyuw to the Trobriands; Transformations along the northern side of the Kula ring, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1990. xvi + 285 pp., maps, figs., illus., apps., bibliogr., index. - David S. Moyer, Jeremy Boissevain, Dutch dilemmas; Anthropologists look at the Netherlands, Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1989, v + 186 pp., Jojada Verrips (eds.) - Gert Oostindie, B.H. Slicher van Bath, Indianen en Spanjaarden; Een ontmoeting tussen twee werelden, Latijns Amerika 1500-1800. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker, 1989. 301 pp. - Parakitri, C.A.M. de Jong, Kompas 1965-1985; Een algemene krant met een katholieke achtergrond binnen het religieus pluralisme van Indonesie, Kampen: Kok, 1990. - C.A. van Peursen, J. van Baal, Mysterie als openbaring. Utrecht: ISOR, 1990. - Harry A. Poeze, R.A. Longmire, Soviet relations with South-East Asia; An historical survey. London-New York: Kegan Paul International, 1989, x + 176 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Ann Swift, The road to Madiun; The Indonesian communist uprising of 1948. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project (Monograph series 69), 1989, xii + 116 pp. - Alex van Stipriaan, Cornelis Ch. Goslinga, The Dutch in the Caribbean and in Surinam 1791/5 - 1942, Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1990. xii + 812 pp. - A. Teeuw, Keith Foulcher, Social commitment in literature and the arts: The Indonesian ‘Institute of People’s culture’ 1950-1965, Clayton, Victoria: Southeast Asian studies, Monash University (Centre of Southeast Asian studies), 1986, vii + 234 pp. - Elly Touwen-Bouwsma, T. Friend, The blue-eyed enemy; Japan against the West in Java and Luzon, 1942-1945. New Jersey: Princeton University press, 1988, 325 pp.
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Fortin, Réjean, Martin Léveillé, Paul Laramée, and Yves Mailhot. "Reproduction and year-class strength of the Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) in the Sainte-Anne River, at La Pérade, Quebec." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 1350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-202.
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Experimental catches of a fyke-net fishery operated in the Sainte-Anne River during the 1980–1981 to 1983–1984 spawning seasons showed that although the majority of adult tomcod migrate upstream during rising tide, significant numbers do so against the tidal current. Most spawners return to the Saint Lawrence River during a falling tide. In the first 2 years, peak upstream migration occurred during the second half of December, and in the last 2 years, early in the second half of January. The date of peak upstream migration is significantly correlated with September and October air temperature in the summer habitat. Peak downstream migration of spawned-out adults occurred during the second half of January in 3 years and on 1 February in 1 year. The peak of the upstream and downstream migration of males and females generally occurred on the same dates. The spawning period extends minimally from mid-December to mid-February, but probably peaks close to the maximum of the downstream migration. The length and age composition of the Sainte-Anne River tomcod spawning stock remained relatively stable between the 1980–1981 and the 1983–1984 seasons. For the 1975–1976 to 1981–1982 period, the environmental variable to which year-class strength showed the highest parametric correlation was mean December Sainte-Anne River discharge. Stronger year-classes were produced in years of high water levels and discharge during the spawning period.
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Fabo, Brian. "Rediscovering Inequality and Class Analysis in Post-1989 Slovakia." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 29, no. 3 (August 2015): 588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325415599200.
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The onset of the Velvet Revolution in 1989 led to a radical transformation of the social structure and new types of economic inequalities in Slovakia, but the media, academia, and civil society initially rejected any talk of these developments in terms of class, seeing the topic as potentially toxic to democracy. There was a tendency to veer away from the study of new social stratification toward research on postmaterialist topics such as environmental protection, civil rights, and alternative subcultures. Those social scientists who did study the changing social structure mostly analyzed statistical data without linking this to a broader theoretical framework. Social classes came to be discussed in gradational rather than relational terms, without discussion of how one group’s new privileges comes at the expense of others. In the early 2000s, radical neoliberal thinking became prominent, leading to the pervasive presentation of the poor and working poor as themselves responsible for their own fate. A backlash against that led to the triumph of the SMER party in 2006, which allowed topics such as poverty and social justice to return to everyday political discourse, and in this sense allowed for the return of class into politics. A younger generation of Slovak social scientists now regularly criticize the cult of the market and argue for an alternative political economy, though ongoing neoliberal hegemony in public discourse continues to make it hard for these new voices to be heard.
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Makarov, Dmitrii K. "BULGARIA IN WORLD WAR I. BULGARIA’S NATIONAL HISTORIOGRAPH." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations 4, no. 2 (2023): 170–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2023-4-170-181.
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Over a hundred years after the end of the First World War, it is still not a popular topic in Bulgarian historiography, despite the serious impact of that conflict on the political, socio-economic, and ideological development of Bulgaria. In the article, the author analyzes how the foreign policy context influenced the study of the First World War in Bulgaria. Three stages in the development of Bulgarian historiography were singled out. In the interwar period (1919–1939), the focus was on studying the fighting of the Bulgarian army and identifying those involved in the defeat of Bulgaria in the First World War. Under the communist regime (1944–1989), the writing of history was put under the control of the state. The most important achievements of the stage were the separation of the interests of the Bulgarian elite from the interests of the people, the study of the life of the working class in Bulgaria and anti-war protests. In modern Bulgarian historiography (1989–2022) there has been an expansion of the range of research topics. However, Bulgaria’s participation in the First World War is still a marginal topic due to the dominance of national discourse.
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McLeskey, James, and Debra Pacchiano. "Mainstreaming Students with Learning Disabilities: Are We Making Progress?" Exceptional Children 60, no. 6 (May 1994): 508–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299406000604.
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This study investigated placement practices for students with learning disabilities over the past 11 years, as reported in the Annual Reports to Congress on the Implementation of P.L. 94–142. From 1979 to 1989, the placement rate for students with learning disabilities being educated in restrictive, separate-class settings almost doubled. Moreover, the proportion of all students with learning disabilities served in separate-class settings increased 4.4%. Little progress is being made toward mainstreaming students with learning disabilities. The article discusses implications of these findings for reform in the provision of special education services.
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Ballerini, Rocco. "Archimedean copulas, exchangeability, and max-stability." Journal of Applied Probability 31, no. 2 (June 1994): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3215031.
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An exchangeable sequence of random variables is constructed with all finite-dimensional distribution functions having an Archimedean copula (as defined by Schweizer and Sklar (1983)). Through a monotone transformation of this exchangeable sequence, we obtain and characterize the class of exchangeable sequences possessing the max-stable property as defined by De Haan and Rachev (1989). Several parametric examples are given.
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Ballerini, Rocco. "Archimedean copulas, exchangeability, and max-stability." Journal of Applied Probability 31, no. 02 (June 1994): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200044909.
Full textAbstract:
An exchangeable sequence of random variables is constructed with all finite-dimensional distribution functions having an Archimedean copula (as defined by Schweizer and Sklar (1983)). Through a monotone transformation of this exchangeable sequence, we obtain and characterize the class of exchangeable sequences possessing the max-stable property as defined by De Haan and Rachev (1989). Several parametric examples are given.
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STRAIN, JAMES E. "The Pediatrician as a Role Model in the Career Choice of Medical Students." Pediatrics 85, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 364–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.3.364.
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The results of the recent residency matching program revealed a decline in the number of US medical school graduates applying for positions in pediatric training programs. In 1987, 1366 graduating seniors, 10% of the graduating class, applied for 2009 PL 1 positions. In 1989, 1256, 9.3% of those graduating, applied for 2068 positions. Sixty-eight percent of PL 1 positions were filled by graduates of US medical schools in 1987, and an additional 14% (284) by foreign medical graduates.
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Rogers, John D. "Post-Orientalism and the Interpretation of Premodern and Modern Political Identities: The Case of Sri Lanka." Journal of Asian Studies 53, no. 1 (February 1994): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2059524.
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Interpretations of ethnic and cultural nationalism in South Asia have been marked by a tension between “primordialist” and “modernist” approaches. In keeping with the more influential general works on ethnicity and nationalism (Gellner 1983; Anderson 1983; Horowitz 1985; Tambiah 1989), modernist interpretations now generally prevail in scholarly accounts. These works usually trace the roots of ethnic and cultural nationalism to the social and religious reform movements of the nineteenth century, which are seen as indigenous responses to the impact of colonial rule. The emphasis given to particular aspects of colonialism varies, but includes cultural influences, such as Western education; economic factors, including changes in class structure; and political changes, such as the extension of representative government. These modernist interpretations, however, are not entirely unchallenged within scholarship, and primordialist views, which draw more direct links between ethnic nationalism and precolonial identities, remain strong in political, journalistic, and popular forums.
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Fisher, J. P., and W. G. Pearcy. "Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) off Oregon and Washington, USA, in Years of Differing Coastal Upwelling." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-127.
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Estimated growth rates, condition, and stomach fullness of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) caught in the ocean in early summer, when mortality was most variable, were as high in 1983 and 1984, years of very low survival and low early upwelling, as in 1981, 1982, and 1985, years of higher survival and higher early upwelling. Chronic food shortage leading to starvation, poor condition, or slow growth apparently was not the cause of the increased mortality of juvenile coho salmon in 1983 and 1984. Survival of juvenile coho salmon was positively correlated with purse seine catches of fish in June and with early summer upwelling, 1981–85. Hence, year-class success probably was determined early in the summer, soon after most juvenile coho salmon entered the ocean. Spacing of the first five ocean circuli, which was positively correlated with growth rate, was not significantly different for fish caught early in the summer and those caught late in the summer, suggesting that growth rate selective mortality in the ocean was not strong. The increase in mortality in 1983 and 1984 may have been caused by increased predation on juvenile coho salmon due to decreased numbers of alternative prey for predators.
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Rabiei, Kamran. "Social Policy Under Sociopolitical Changes in the Post-revolutionary Iran, 1979–2013." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 6, no. 1 (January 6, 2019): 16–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798918812264.
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The dialectic relation between sociocultural changes and political developments in the post-revolutionary Iran is discussed in the article which shows how the social policy of the governments has changed under this relation. The 1979 Islamic Revolution brought about a wave of tendency toward a specific discourse that can be called “downtrodden discourse” wherein the poor and deprived are the center of attention, and the resources of society are mainly mobilized in the direction of improving their economic and social conditions. Furthermore, the eight-year Iran–Iraq War (1980—1988) strengthened this discourse, and the new political system relied on the lower class of the society to push the war forward, stabilize the foundations of its power, and solidify its ideology. After the war, Iran had three governments with three different approaches toward social policy. During the era of Hashemi Rafsanjani (1989–1997), no special attention was paid to social policy since economic growth and development was the focus of the government activity. Under Mohammed Khatami (1997–2005), special attention was paid to comprehensive social policy, but due to internal political and social tensions, his government failed to implement its codified social policy. Although Ahmadinejad (2005–2013) intended to pay special attention to social policy, the actions taken by his government not only failed to reduce poverty but they also pushed the significant part of the middle class below the poverty line.
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Case, Kim. "Insider Without: Journey across the Working-Class Academic Arc." Journal of Working-Class Studies 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 16–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/jwcs.v2i2.6081.
Full textAbstract:
Patricia Hill Collins (1986) labels herself as an ‘outsider within’ due to her intersectional standpoint as a Black woman sociology professor in the ivory tower. In contrast to the ‘outsider within’ lens, I theorize my own social location as an ‘insider without’ due to a complex matrix of identities within the classed academic cultural context. Using counter storytelling, I explore my insider without location through analysis of my journey across the ‘working-class academic arc.’ In the working-class academic arc described below, I apply intersectional theory (Collins 1990; Crenshaw 1989) by connecting my personal experiences with existing working-class studies scholarship. The arc process culminates in my development of critical intersectional class consciousness and actions of resistance. By introducing this three-phase arc, I hope to raise awareness of the invisible academic class culture which invalidates working-class ways of being and knowledge production.
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Zhao, Fengping. "Praise or Criticism? How Should Teachers Give Effective Feedback in the Classroom Teaching?" Science Insights Education Frontiers 10, no. 1 (October 31, 2021): 1312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/sief.21.co024.
Full textAbstract:
Tere are many factors that affect students' academic performance. Early studies emphasized students’ existing foundations, their own abilities (Stigler, Lee & Stevenson, 1986), family factors (Wang, 2015), school or class organizational structure (Angrist, & Lavy, 1999; Häkkinen, Kirjavainen & Uusitalo, 2003), cultural factors (Stigler, Stevenson, 2005; Geary, Bow-Thomas, Fan & Siegler, 1993) and other influences on their academic performance. However, the research on the influence of teacher factors has only received attention since the 1980s. Researchers explored the relationship between teachers’ classroom behavior and students’ academic performance, trying to focus on the teaching process (Lockheed & Komenan, 1989), teacher guidance (Brophy, 1988), teacher feedback (Gettinger, & Stoiber, 1999), Teacher planning and preparation (Peterson, Marx & Clark, 1978) explored the causes that can significantly affect students' academic performance.
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Devine, Fiona. "Social Identities, Class Identity and Political Perspectives." Sociological Review 40, no. 2 (May 1992): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1992.tb00888.x.
Full textAbstract:
There has been considerable controversy over the extent to which class is a salient social identity, and the importance of other social identities. Marshall and his colleagues (1988) argue that class identity remains a salient frame of reference in people's daily lives while Saunders (1989; 1990) and Emmison and Western (1990) argue that class identity is not as strong as they claim, and the importance of other social identities cannot be denied. However, proponents and opponents in the debate are agreed that the salience of social identities depends upon the context in which they are found which cannot be fully explored in highly-structured interviews. Drawing on data from a ‘qualitative re-study’ of the Affluent Worker series, it will be argued that people have many different identities, including a strong class identity, which co-exist at the same time. That said, their class identity is the most important influence on the formation of political perspectives. This finding concurs with the Essex team and Saunders even though he has sought to distance himself from this conclusion.
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Bittenbender, H. C., and N. V. Hue. "IMPACT OF SALINITY ON IRRIGATED MACADAMIA PRODUCTION." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1172d—1172. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1172d.
Full textAbstract:
Many areas in Hawaii with potential for growing macadamia lack sufficient rainfall. Ground water in these areas is generally brackish due to sea water intrusion. An experiment was started in 1984 to determine the response of young macadamia trees cv. `Kau' (HAES 344) Macadamia integrifolia to salinity under field irrigated conditions. Treatments were rain only, freshwater, 500 and 1200 ppm salt as diluted sea water to simulate the ground water conditions.Until mid 1989 trees were irrigated twice weekly to supply 100% ET (evapotranspiration) of the previous week based on a class A pan. No differences were detected among treatments on yield, trunk diameter, soil and tissue nutrient composition except trees in the rain only treatment less yield and trunk growth. Irrigation treatments were modified in mid 1989 to rain only, and twice weekly fresh water, 1200 and 2400 ppm salt at 50 and 75%. ET. Effect on yield, trunk diameter, soil and tissue nutrient composition in the 1989-90 season will be reported.
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Claessen, H. J. M., Patrick Vinton Kirch, H. J. M. Claessen, Jarich O. Oosten, H. J. Duller, P. W. Preston, H. J. Duller, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 142, no. 1 (1986): 145–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003373.
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Prins; Festschrift on the occasion of his retirement from the Chair of Anthropology, University of Groningen, University of Groningen, 1984, 251 pp., ill., diagr., Ybeltje Kroes, Hans Schneymann (eds.) - Rien Ploeg, Ladislav Holy, Actions, norms and representations. Foundations of anthropological inquiry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. VIII + 134 pp., Milan Stuchlik (eds.) - Rien Ploeg, Nancy L. Hamblin, Animal use by the Cozumel Maya, Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press, 1984. 206 pp. - Ronald H. Poelmeijer, Lilly Eversdijk Smulders, Een jaar bij de yogiýs van India en Tibet, Deventer 1983. - Ype H. 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