Journal articles: 'Class novels'

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Maleshin, Dmitriy. "Class Action Novels." Journal of Russian Law 8, no. 5 (January 11, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/jrl.2020.058.

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Maleshin, Dmitriy. "Class Action Novels." Journal of Russian Law 8, no. 5 (January 11, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/jrl.2020.058.

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Paul, Ronald. "Commitment and Class: Female Working-Class Activists in Three Suffragette Novels." Nordic Journal of English Studies 19, no. 4 (November 22, 2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35360/njes.604.

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Bandyopadhyay, Sibaji. "Problematics of Middle Class Consciousness in Jivanananda Das' Novels." Social Scientist 15, no. 1 (January 1987): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3517399.

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Carlisle, Janice. "THE SMELL OF CLASS: BRITISH NOVELS OF THE 1860s." Victorian Literature and Culture 29, no. 1 (March 2001): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150301291013.

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EVENBEFORE ESTHER LYON enters the narrative of Felix Holt, she is introduced to the eponymous hero, whom she will eventually marry, through two smells — one present, the other absent; one highly conventional, the other distinctly unusual. As the narrator explains, Mr. Lyon’s sitting room contains “certain things” that are “incongruous” with its “general air” of “privation,” among them the “delicate scent of dried rose-leaves” and a wax candle. Lyon, embarrassed by what he takes to be Felix Holt’s unspoken criticism of such indulgence, explains to his visitor, “You are doubtless amazed to see me with a wax-light . . . but this undue luxury is paid for with the earnings of my daughter, who is so delicately framed that the smell of tallow is loathsome to her” (Eliot 53–54; ch. 5).1 Esther’s association with the scent of roses is quite unremarkable: it simply and quickly registers her as a wholly acceptable marriage partner. Lyon’s reference to the smell of tallow candles is, however, according to the practices of Victorian fiction, quite unconventional, first because it explicitly evokes a smell that is not there, the strong odor of candles made from animal fat; secondly, because it identifies a good smell or the relative lack of one, that of wax candles, with a negative moral judgment: Esther’s practice of spending her earnings on such candles is, to Lyon at least,

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Doray, Marie-France, and Margaret R. Higonnet. "Cleanliness and Class in the Countess de Ségur's Novels." Children's Literature 17, no. 1 (1989): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chl.0.0221.

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Mitchell, Sally. "READING CLASS." Victorian Literature and Culture 33, no. 1 (March 2005): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150305000872.

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THIRTY OR FORTY YEARS AGO, in the United States at least, we confidently used the terms “highbrow,” “middlebrow,” and “lowbrow” to describe not only reading matter but all sorts of cultural artifacts; and we generally assumed that the terms described quality or value as well as defining the social and intellectual class of people who chose one instead of the others. When it came to the study of British literature, we learned that the novel and the popular novel were (in the beginning) one and the same: that when the fictional prose narrative became a recognized literary form in English it was distinguished by its commercial character and its wide readership. Novels were the reading of the middle classes and particularly of women, tainted both by gender and by the disrepute attached by writing with an eye on public reception rather than artistic integrity. By the 1840s, however, novels had become a vehicle for serious thought. For a very short time, best-selling authors were also great writers. A serious novelist could speak with a voice of cultural authority–and also earn a substantial income. There were, of course, light and ephemeral fictions (and whole classes of sub-literature such as penny dreadfuls and cheap romances), but in the middle of the nineteenth century, we once learned, it was generally assumed that a book read by a great many people was probably worth reading.

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Laslett, John H. M., and Michael Denning. "Mechanic Accents: Dime Novels and Working-Class Culture in America." Journal of American History 75, no. 4 (March 1989): 1322. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1908688.

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Palmer, Bryan D., and Michael Denning. "Mechanic Accents: Dime Novels and Working-Class Culture in America." Labour / Le Travail 25 (1990): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143369.

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남상권 and Byungwoo Kim. "Shift of the Hyangchon’s Ruling Class Reflected in Modern Long Novels." HANMUNHAKRONCHIP: Journal of Korean Literature in Chinese 32, no. ll (February 2011): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17260/jklc.2011.32..107.

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Lobodziec, Agnieszka. "Theological Models of Black Middle-Class Performance in Toni Morrison's Novels." Black Theology 8, no. 1 (November 5, 2010): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/blth.v8i1.32.

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Pickering, Michael, and Kevin Robins. "Between Determinism and Disruption: The Working-Class Novels of Sid Chaplin." College English 51, no. 4 (April 1989): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/377519.

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Lent, John A., and David J. Banks. "From Class to Culture: Social Conscience in Malay Novels Since Independence." Pacific Affairs 61, no. 4 (1988): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2760568.

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Paul, Ronald. "Striking Back: Novels of Class Conflict by Two Proletarian Women Writers." Socialism and Democracy 27, no. 3 (November 2013): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2013.832080.

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Daly, Suzanne. "KASHMIR SHAWLS IN MID-VICTORIAN NOVELS." Victorian Literature and Culture 30, no. 1 (March 2002): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150302301116.

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WHEN CLOTH OR CLOTHING made for a specific purpose in one cultural context begins to be produced as a commodity and is appropriated as fashion by a different culture, meanings reverberate on both sides of the transaction. The commercial traffic with India in the nineteenth century brought many such commodities into the homes of the English middle class. Some of these items, and particularly textiles, led a double life, functioning at once as exotic foreign artifacts and as markers of proper Englishness. If mid-Victorian novels may be said to have assisted in circulating and crystallizing, rather than merely reflecting, social norms among their readers, then the regularity with which certain Indian textiles and especially shawls reappear in these novels bespeaks their burgeoning importance both commercially and ideologically.

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Sasalia, Oktaviari Ayu, and Fatimah Mulya Sari. "UTILIZING NOVEL IN THE READING CLASS TO EXPLORE STUDENTS’ VIEWPOINT OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS." Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33365/jeltl.v1i2.606.

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The use of novel on reading skills was important as an efficient and effective media. The novel helped students evaluate their reading skills. This research aimed to investigate student’s perceptions of the use of novels on reading skills. This research was a descriptive qualitative type. The subject of this research was English education students whose numbers were adjusted to the needs of the research, 22 students. This study was conducted at Universitas Teknokrat Indonesia, Bandar Lampung. The instrument of data collection used a questionnaire and interview. The data analysis method was descriptive qualitative. The results showed participants had a positive perception toward using interactive instruction with authentic literary texts, such as novels, on their reading ability. Hence, it can be concluded that the use of English novels can be an alternative way to improve their reading skills in the English learning process.

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Robbins, Bruce. "Class, Culture, and Killing." boundary 2 47, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-7999569.

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In the final volume of a trilogy about the concept of culture and its relation to politics, Francis Mulhern defines a new genre, the condition of culture novel, and traces it from Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure and E. M. Forster’s Howards End to Hanif Kureishi’s The Black Album and Zadie Smith’s On Beauty, reading off from it middleclass anxieties about the rise of the working-class movement. What does it mean about the novel or about the working-class movement itself that so many working-class characters are killed off by their aspiration to culture or are presented as murderers of their so-called superiors? Is the aspiration itself fundamentally flawed, or is the flaw in the novels? Mulhern’s persuasive allegorical readings can be read as a fascinating application of the Greimasian semiotic square as well as a renewal of Mulhern’s epic debate with the intellectual historian Stefan Collini, in the pages of New Left Review, over the proper relation between culture and politics.

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Yu, Gwi Yeong. "Low Class Women’s Recognition on ‘Yeol’ and its Meaning in Pansori Novels." Journal of Pansori 39 (April 30, 2015): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.18102/jp.2015.04.39.173.

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Saty Dev Prajapati. "The Element of Protest in the Novels of Arvind Adiga." Creative Launcher 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.2.05.

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Literature is an expression of the thoughts and the interactions of the people belonging to the particular social, political and geographical area, the inhabitants represent social, religious, moral and political ideologies. There is a very vast gap between rich and poor, the ruling class and the working class, suppressive and suppressed. Some poor and working-class people who are restless to change the society directly oppose the norms and shackles of suppressive. Often they are failed but sometimes they are succeeded so this whole process is known as a protest. Often the protagonist of the novel protests against social boundaries and taboos and the whole story revolves around his story. When a protagonist realizes the humiliation and difference on the basis of caste, creed, religion and position, he is compelled to protest and this protest is also essential to change the thoughts of people for the betterment of society. Arvind Adiga is famous for his Booker Prize-winning book The White Tiger. He has written two other novels and a short story collection Between the Assassinations (2008). The study particularly focuses on Arvind Adiga’s novels The White Tiger (2008), Last Man in Tower (2011) and Selection Day (2016). Through his all the novels he protests against many rigid prevalent problems. The present paper aims to highlight those issues which have affected a larger section of society.

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Ivushkina, Tatiana A. "Literary words of foreign origin as social markers in Jeffrey Archer’s novels." Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 816–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-4-816-830.

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The paper is aimed at studying the use of literary words of foreign origin in modern fiction from a sociolinguistic point of view, which presupposes establishing a correlation between this category of words in a speech portrayal or narrative and a social status of the speaker, and verifying that they serve as indices of socially privileged identity in British literature of the XX1st century. This research is the continuation of the diachronic sociolinguistic study of the upper-class speech portrayals which has traced the distinctive features in their speech and has revealed that literary words of foreign origin unambiguously testify to the social position of a character/speaker and serve as social indices. The question arises then whether it holds true for modern upper-class speakers/speech portrayals, given all the transformations a new millennium has brought about. To this end we have selected 60 contexts from two novels by Jeffrey Archer - Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less (2004) and A Prisoner of Birth (2008) , and subjected them to a careful examination. A graduate from Oxford and representative of socially privileged classes, Archer gives a wide depiction of characters with different social backgrounds and statuses. The analysis of the novels based on the contextual and functional approaches to the study enabled us to categorize the selected words into four relevant groups. The first class represented by terms ( commodity, debenture, assets, luminescence, etc.) serves to unambiguously indicate education, occupation, and fields of knowledge or communicative situations in which a character is involved. The second class is formed of words used in conjunction with their Germanic counterparts ( perspiration - sweat, padre - priest, convivial - friendly ) to contrast the social position of the characters: literary words serving as social indices of upper class speakers, whereas their synonyms of Germanic origin characterize middle or lower class speech portrayals. The third class of words comprises socially marked words (verbs, nouns and adjectives), or U-words (the term first coined by Allan Ross and Nancy Mitford), the status acquired in the course of social history development (elegant, excellent, sophistication, authoritative, preposterous, etc .) . The fourth class includes words used in a humorous or ironic meaning to convey the narrators attitude to the characters or the situation itself ( ministrations, histrionic, etc.). Words of this group are perceived as stylistic aliens, as they create incongruity between style and subject matter. The social implication of the selected words is enhanced by French words and phrases often accompanying them.

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Lathey, Jonathan. "Newbery Medal Novels: What They Reveal about Class Differences and the American Dream." Children and Libraries 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/cal.16.2.6.

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Robert Putnam observed that social class differences, now more than ever, determine the life outcomes of American children. Putnam reported evidence that the American Dream is in crisis for children born into lower-class families—these children have far fewer opportunities for success. This might suggest a loss of a survival narrative for these children.

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Ismail, Azman. "Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Novels on Independence Revolution from the Perspective of Journalistic Hegemony." Malay Literature 34, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml34(1)no4.

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The journalistic hegemony conceptual framework is an approach in the study of literary works in all genres. This framework functions on the principle that a literary work is a creative medium that comprises facts, data and reality that is fictionalized for the purpose of spreading information to its readers, similar to that of conventional media. Based on documentary research and content analysis, this study proves that Pramoedya Ananta Toer's novels on the theme of the Indonesian National Revolution (1945-1949)-Di Tepi Kali Bekasi (1951), Keluarga Gerilya (1955), Sekali Peristiwa di Banten Selatan (1963) and Larasati (2003)-are creative media intended to raise awareness among the Javanese marginal class. The focus of this study is to prove that Pramoedya Ananta Toer's novels are creative media designed to create hegemony and mental awareness, both intellectually and ideologically, in the social class he represents. The journalistic hegemony conceptual framework is based on the principle of comparative hegemony by Antonio Gramsci and the communication theory. The hypodermic needle theory places these novels on revolution by Pramoedya Ananta Toer as having the function of spreading information creatively in order to raise awareness and subsequently free the marginal class of false consciousness nurtured by the traditional bureaucratic elites and Dutch colonizers in Java.

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Skinfill, Mauri. "Reconstructing Class in Faulkner's Late Novels: The Hamlet and the Discovery of Capital." Studies in American Fiction 24, no. 2 (1996): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/saf.1996.0006.

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Chanda, Geetanjali Singh. "The Urban Apartment as “Womenspace”: Negotiating Class and Gender in Indian English Novels." South Asian Review 29, no. 1 (June 2008): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02759527.2008.11932584.

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Findeisen, Christopher. "Injuries of Class: Mass Education and the American Campus Novel." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, no. 2 (March 2015): 284–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.2.284.

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Although many believe that “mass higher education” increased opportunity and egalitarianism in postwar American society, the reality has been quite different. While a greater proportion of students are enrolled in higher-educational institutions now than at any other point in history, economic inequality is at an all-time high. Postwar American campus novels largely misunderstand this historical development. While the genre represents the university as an institution that combats social inequality by expanding enrollment, these novels simultaneously obscure the social inequality that the university cannot combat and instead helps to legitimate. The symbolic work of American campus novels has thus been to imagine a system that stages social conflicts between the deserving and the elite when in fact the postwar meritocracy has made the two categories functionally indistinguishable.

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Shanmugam, Mani, Kuppusamy Narayanan, Kamatam Hari Prasad, Dhanapalan Karthikeyan, Loganathan Chandrasekaran, Raji Atchudan, and V. Chidambaranathan. "Synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing effects of novels-triazine derivatives." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 3 (2018): 1698–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj03348f.

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In an attempt to design and synthesize a new class of antitumor agents, a mild and eco-friendly protocol for nucleophilic substitution using ans-triazine scaffold,viaamine and Schiff base derivatives, has been developed.

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Rađenović, Milica. "Class and Gender – The Representation of Women in Kingsley Amis’s Lucky Jim." Gender Studies 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/genst-2017-0012.

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Abstract Lucky Jim is one of the novels that mark the beginning of a small subgenre of contemporary fiction called the campus novel. It was written and published in the 1950s, a period when more women and working-class people started attending universities. This paper analyses the representation of women in terms of their gender and class.

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Zachs, Fruma. "Subversive Voices of Daughters of the Nahḍa: Alice al-Bustani and Riwayat Saʾiba (1891)." Hawwa 9, no. 3 (2011): 332–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920811x599149.

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Abstract The novel, or more generally, narrative fiction—a new genre of Arabic literature—fuelled the imagination of middle-class youth during the nineteenth-century Arabic nahḍa (awakening), and was thus revolutionary by definition. These narratives were implicit critiques of middle-class society. Although research on earlier novels of the nahḍa authored by men has gradually increased over the last few decades, research on women writers and their novels is still in its infancy. This essay focuses mainly on Riwayat Saʾiba (1891), written by Alice Bustani (1870–1926), daughter of one of the prominent intellectuals of the nahḍa, Butrus al-Bustani (1819–1883). It discusses these novels as social and historical texts, and describes how writing narrative fiction allowed women to express their opinions without excluding themselves from society and its norms. Women challenged male discourse by modifying the plots and messages of their novels, thus proposing alternative discourses and criticizing the existing one. This exploration of women’s writing thus aims to reveal the active voice of daughters of the nahḍa.

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Hoyos Mazuera, María Ximena. "Sexualidad y control social en la novela colombiana del siglo XIX." La Manzana de la Discordia 7, no. 1 (March 18, 2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v7i1.1575.

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Resumen: Se estudia la sexualidad vigilada delas mujeres en la sociedad colombiana del siglo XIXmediante el análisis de dos novelas decimonónicascolombianas: Manuela (1854) de Eugenio Díaz Castroy Tránsito (1880) de Luís Segundo Silvestre. Se observandos discursos amorosos para los dos tipos de mujeresque cortejaban los varones de la burguesía: un discursovelado y casto para la mujer con la que se casaba y por lotanto, paría los hijos de la nueva patria, y otro discursoadornado y seductor para las mujeres subalternas a lasque podían acceder sexualmente. Se establecen algunascomparaciones con la novela Entre primos (1897) deJosé Manuel Marroquín, donde se advierte la tendenciaa la endogenia en las familias santafereñas pudientes.Finalmente, se observa que en las novelas estudiadasel supuesto romance entre el hombre blanco y rico, y lacampesina pobre, no se consuma para evitar que se sigapropagando la mezcla de razas. El romance aquí quedarelegado a nivel de posibilidad frustrada en el espacioidílico y ficcional de la novela costumbrista colombianadel siglo XIX.Palabras clave: sexualidad, clase social, novelasdecimonónicas colombianas, Manuela, TransitoSexuality and Social Control in the XIXth CenturyColombian novelAbstract: This paper studies the supervised sexualityof women in the XIXth Century Colombian society bymeans of the analysis of two Colombian novels: EugenioDíaz Castro’s Manuela (1854) and Luís SegundoSilvestre’s Tránsito (1880). Two discourses of love aredetected for two types of women courted by bourgeoismales: a veiled and chaste discourse for women theymight marry and a flowery and seductive one for womenof lower clases who could be sexually available. Somecomparisons are established with Manuel Marroquin’snovel Entre primos (1897), where we find the tendencyto endogenics among wealthy Santa Fe de Bogotafamilies. Finally, it is observed that in the novels studiedthe supposed romance between a wealthy white man anda poor peasant female is not consummated in order todiscourage racial mingling. Their romance is relegated tothe level of frustrated possibility in the idyllic and fictinalspace of the costumbrista XIXth Century Colombiannovel.Key Words: sexuality, social class, XIXth CenturyColombian novels, Manuela, Transito

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Jabeen, Tahira. "The Representation of Motherless and Fatherless Homes in Novels of George Eliot." English Language and Literature Studies 9, no. 4 (November 14, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v9n4p33.

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George Eliot wrote about the social, cultural, and historical issues of her time. She represented the middle-class homes in her novels and showed how the Industrial Revolution changed the very setting of domestic environment. The home became the domain of women, where they were to fulfil the nurturing duties while men moved to work place to provide for their dependents. In middle class families, the nurturing duty was not the domain of the father only in the society of this period. Fathers and mothers substituted their duties either under extraordinary circumstances or as a matter of choice. This study analyses the substitution of duties by fathers and mothers in Eliot’s novels with the help of comprehensive and interdisciplinary supporting literary, social, and historical resources like magezines and books, from the Victorian age. The study concludes that George Eliot’s homes are not perfect without a benevolent mother and responsible father.

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Barlaskar, Reema. "The ‘Contagion’ of ‘Ridiculous Superstition’: Representations of Lower-Class Voices in Ann Radcliffe's Novels." Gothic Studies 20, no. 1-2 (November 2018): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/gs.0043.

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Jin, Xiaotian. "Undoing Shame: Lower-middle-class Young Women and Class Dynamics in the Interwar Novels by Rose Macaulay and Elizabeth Bowen." Women's Studies 43, no. 6 (August 2014): 693–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00497878.2014.921512.

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Avsenak, Vanja. "Slovene critics on Sinclair Lewis's novels." Acta Neophilologica 43, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2010): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.43.1-2.49-58.

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The purpose of this article is to present the reception of Sinclair Lewis's novels by Slovene critics. Initially, the article focuses on the life and workof Sinclair Lewis, giving special emphasis to social influences that made the author a representative figure in the literary and social world. Thus his works are nowadays to be understood primarily as fiction, but on the other hand also as sociological documents of a social and political situation of the period between the two world wars. Generally, the effect they produce is one of a critical discussion of the nation of the United States. When speaking of the social relevance that Lewis's novels have, it is obvious that his works are the portrayals of Americans and their deficiencies. At the time of their publication Lewis's novels received unfavourable criticism on accountof his overly open pro-European attitude and Slovene critics of the period before World War II emphasise this in much detail. It was precisely this anti-American propaganda in the novels themselves and sincerity on the part of the novelist that won the European critics as well as the readers whenit came to appreciating his works. However, Lewis's view of the Americans, as presented throughout his works, only enhanced his literary credibility as a modern writer. That is why the articles by Slovene critics that appeared after the Second World War, and even more significantly after Lewis's death, almost minutely reflect a more favourable attitude to Sinclair Lewis, which was also the case with foreign literary criticism of the post-war period. Critics still discuss the qualities and flaws of Lewis's novels, but being more lenient they no longer profess that the novels lack in artistic value. They remain, however, primarily relevant as social documents of the pre- and post-war era, which fully presented the American middle-class mentality in America and elsewhere. For this reason, the Nobel Prize for Literature awarded to Sinclair Lewis in 1930 seems duly justified. It signifies appreciation and respect that the American and European readers as well as critics used to have and still have for Sinclair Lewis. Therefore, it is no surprise that his novels are being translated in several foreign languages even in modern times.

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Priydarshi, Ashok Kumar. "Morality, Religion and Capitalism in Jane Austen’s ‘Pride and Prejudice’." International Journal of Advanced Research in Peace, Harmony and Education 05, no. 01 (December 19, 2020): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2455.9326.202002.

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The rise and development of English novel, like any other phenomenon in literature, can be seen as a part of a history or the process of the individual development. Romantic novels are non-realistic and considered as the aristocratic literature of feudalism. They are non-realistic in sense that their underlying intention is not to help people cope in a positive way. These novels, express and recommend the attitudes of the aristocratic class to which it was ideally supposed to sustain. The genre, developed, however, as a reaction to the aristocratic romance, and grows with the middle class a new art form that centres on a new middle class values, rather than aristocratic patronage. Thus the period after the Restoration of the 16th to 17th century opened up other discourses, thereby breaking the frontier by allowing social mobility and making female writing possible. This allowed Jane Austen to write on realistic and naturalistic themes as morality, religion, captalism, etc. and ‘Pride and Prejudice’ is its fine example.

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Sarkar, Shilpa. "Feministic Images of Women in Shashi Deshpande's Fiction Roots and Shadows and The Binding Vine." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i4.10545.

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Shashi Deshpande is the most prolific writer among her contemporaries. Her writing reflects her image of middle class Indian woman. In most of her novels her protagonists are modern, well‑educated and financially independent women. The main theme of her novels are problems of middle class women who were trapped between tradition and modernity. The protagonists always try to maintain their marriage in spite of the fact that they are mentally and physically tortured by their husbands. The objective of this study is to show the feminist perspective of Shashi Deshpande's women characters in her two novels Roots and Shadows and The Binding Vine. This study also aim to figure out how the women characters of these novels assert themselves.

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Mehta, Vijay, and Preeti Lahotra. "DEPICTION OF MATERIAL CIRCUMSTANCES OF WOMEN IN JEAN SASSON’S NOVELS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2019): 402–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i9.2019.626.

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The postmodern American novelist, Jean Sasson, the voice of Islamic women, depicts minutely and graphically the material circumstances of women in her novels. She has presented the material graph of women in the Middle East, escalating to the skyline and the downtrodden life of low pattern of life. The paper specifically explores the material status of women ranging from the Princesses of Saudi Arabia to the level of maids who struggle for existence amidst tortures and variegated stresses. All the women protagonists in her novels continue their struggle with a specific aim of their lives in Islamic pattern of life. Jean Sasson has presented a rich gallery of women portraits in their specific material pattern of life - Princesses, Middle class women struggling to achieve their dreams and lower strata of women.

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JACQUELIN, ALICE. "Réalismes déclinistes du polar français contemporain : Nicolas Mathieu, Colin Niel, Antonin Varenne." Australian Journal of French Studies 58, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2021.12.

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The detective novel has long been described as a form of “authentic” realistic literature (Collovald et Neveu). However, this article analyzes how three contemporary French crime novels—Aux animaux la guerre by Nicolas Mathieu (2014), Seules les bêtes by Colin Niel (2017) and Battues by Antonin Varenne (2015)—challenge and reappropriate conventions of realism. The three country noir novels follow in the lineage of two important traditions of realism, nineteenth-century French classical realism (Dubois) and the social realism of the 1970s and 1980s “néo-polar” (Desnain). Yet rather than anchoring the novels in familiar territory, the authors blur topographical references, create a polyphonic narrative structure and set a horrific tone to provide symbolic and political commentary. The novels thus borrow from magic realism to depict a declining rural and working-class world.

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Anshuman, Tomar, and Jong-hoi Kim. "A Study of Miserable Conditions of Proletariat Class as Represented in Korean and Indian Novels." JOURNAL OF MODERN LITERARY THEORY 73 (June 30, 2018): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22273/smlt.73.2.

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Boucher, Abigail. "The Business Model of the Aristocracy: Class, Consumerism, and Commodification in the Silver Fork Novels." Nineteenth-Century Contexts 38, no. 3 (April 11, 2016): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2016.1159807.

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Felski, Rita. "Nothing to Declare: Identity, Shame, and the Lower Middle Class." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 115, no. 1 (January 2000): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463229.

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In contemporary literary and cultural studies, little attention has been paid to the lower middle class, described by one scholar as “the social class with the lowest reputation in the entire history of class theory.” This article discusses the representation of the lower middle class in literature and scholarly writing. George Orwell's novels of the 1930s and Hanif Kureishi's The Buddha of Suburbia offer some illuminating perspectives on the British lower middle class, though Orwell's novels also reveal a conspicuous disdain for their subject. This disdain is echoed in much of the scholarly writing on the lower middle class. Decried for its reactionary attitudes by Marxists, the “petite bourgeoisie” also poses problems for a contemporary cultural politics based on the idealization of transgression and on the romance of marginality. Rather than embody an outmoded or anachronistic class formation, however, the lower middle class may offer an important key to the contemporary meaning of class.

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Ward, Cynthia. "From the Suwanee to Egypt, There's No Place like Home." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 115, no. 1 (January 2000): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/463232.

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Zora Neale Hurston's Seraph on the Suwanee (1948) and Carolyn Chute's The Beans of Egypt, Maine (1985) feature white working-class women negotiating class hierarchies in rural communities. Despite present-day critics' putative concern with class and demonstrated interest in Hurston's other works, particularly Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), both novels have been largely ignored by the critical establishment, in part because readers lind it difficult to identify with the main characters. Comparing the critical receptions of Seraph, The Beans, and Their Eyes reveals that the mechanism by which readers identify with imaginary characters is constituted by middle-class reading practices. While a sympathetic audience emerged for Their Eyes, one is not likely to appear for the other two novels, which expose the class-bound roots of the literary construction of identity, meaning, and reality. In addition, Seraph and The Beans point, however obliquely, toward a vernacular notion of home that resists middle-class commodification.

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Hilliard, C. "The Twopenny Library: The Book Trade, Working-Class Readers, and 'Middlebrow' Novels in Britain, 1930-42." Twentieth Century British History 25, no. 2 (September 10, 2013): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwt027.

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Zlotnick, Susan. "Class in Turn-of-the-Century Novels of Gissing, James, Hardy and Wells, by Christine DeVine." Victorian Studies 50, no. 3 (April 2008): 491–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/vic.2008.50.3.491.

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Wahyuni, Sri, Haris Supratno, and Kamidjan Kamidjan. "KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK DALAM NOVEL INDONESIA." RETORIKA: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 12, no. 2 (August 15, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/retorika.v12i2.8833.

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Abstract: Symbolic Violence in Indonesian Novels. The general objective of this research is to find out the mechanism of symbolic violence, upper class habitus, and lower class habitus in the Indonesian novels. The approach used in this research is a qualitative approach. Data is collected using the documentation method. The results of the study of the mechanism of symbolic violence consisting of euphemisms in the form of compassion, giving, refusal are subtle. The censorship mechanism in the form of positive moral preservation in the form of honor and politeness. Upscale habitus in the form of hopes and lifestyles possessed by social groups above and class habitus under expectations and lifestyles owned by social groups below.

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Gugler, Josef. "How Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o Shifted from Class Analysis to a Neo-Colonialist Perspective." Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 2 (June 1994): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00012787.

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Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o has established himself as one of the leading second-generation African writers. His first two novels, Weep Not, Child (London, Heinemann, 1964) and The River Between (London, Heinemann, 1965), written while an undergraduate at Makerere University College, Kampala, brought him recognition as the foremost East African writer. His third novel, A Grain of Wheat (London, Heinemann, 1967), established James Ngugi, as he then called himself, as one of the most distinguished literary voices from Africa. There was a long pause before Ngũgĩ published his next novel, Petals of Blood (London, Heinemann, 1977). The change in name signalled that during the intervening years he had developed a radical new perspective on Kenya, the explicit locale of all his writing.

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Reed, John R. "FIGHTING WORDS: TWO PROLETARIAN MILITARY NOVELS OF THE CRIMEAN PERIOD." Victorian Literature and Culture 36, no. 2 (September 2008): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150308080200.

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About a decade after Waterloo, there arose in England a subgenre of fiction that can be called the military novel. George Robert Gleig is credited with originating the genre with a fictionalized autobiography entitled The Subaltern, which appeared serially in Blackwood's Magazine in 1825 and was subsequently published as a book. Military memoirs were appearing from soon after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and the military novel was an outgrowth of that literature. Many of the authors of military novels had themselves served in the army, but the most notable of them all, Charles Lever, had not been a military man, though he consorted with officers often enough. Beginning with The Confessions of Harry Lorrequer, which was serialized first and then appeared as a single volume in 1839, Lever produced a string of popular novels about the army, with young officers as their heroes. The novels of this subgenre concentrated on officers, though there are amusing rankers, that is, enlisted soldiers, as well in Lever's novels likely to be clever Irishmen. For the most part, though, rankers are background figures and have largely stereotypical lower class ways. There are obligatory romance and inheritance plots in these narratives, with the hero usually ending up married and with an estate of his own, either through direct inheritance, or the discovery of a hitherto unknown fortune. This genre lasted about fifteen years, petering out by mid-century.

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Radha, Dr, and Dr Premalatha C . "Post- Modern elements in the novels of Chetan Bhagat." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 6, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v6i8.4570.

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Postmodernism is a Western philosophy, a late 20th-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason; and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power”.Post-Modernists are independent while expressing their ideas, they never drop their statements and theory. It is more personal than identify with some other categories. The post-modernism was started in America around 16th century later it extended to Europe and other countries.Post-modern civilization fails to accept the modification between high and low class. There is a little place for modernism, originality or individual thinking. Bhagat has concentrated on the preconceptions of toppers, however there is more to life than these things your family, your friends, your internal desires and goals and the grades you get in dealing with each of these areas will define you as a person.The post-modernism has defused the difference between good and bad, moral and immoral, right and wrong. If there is a choice to select modern generation would not hesitate to go for one which is traditionally named as bad. Bhagat imbibed all these qualities in his writing. His characters go against the traditional customs and values. Bhagat represents intricate, deeply engrained socio-cultural complications of multicultural India, light-heartedly. He wishes readers to giggle at themselves, at their stupidities, their partialities, and their wrong-actions; not as a member but as a distant observer. He doesn’t bout them directly, but through fiction he attempts to understand their errors and gives a chance to rectify in the real life. Bhagat’s linking story telling method and the funny situations appeal readers.

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Kamara, Mohamed. "Of bastards, slaves, dogs and other things: discourses of bourgeois transgression and illegitimacy in two francophone sub-saharan novels." Dossier spécial Léon-Gontran Damas, no. 116 (August 13, 2020): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071053ar.

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The emergence and rise to preeminence of the bourgeoisie on the African political, social, and economic scenes have been the stuff of many novels. One could even argue that the rise of the sub-Saharan novel (because it is inherently connected to the colonial project) is more or less concurrent with the birth and rise of this class. In this essay, I seek to analyze the discourse of bourgeois transgression and illegitimacy as exemplified in two novels: Ahmadou Kourouma’s Les soleils des indépendances (1968) and Francis Bebey’s Le ministre et le griot (1992). The two works focus on the ruling elite in the immediate postcolonial period. In both novels, albeit in varying degrees, the colonial school is presented as the main catalyst of the change that occasioned the transgression decried by the members of the erstwhile aristocratic nobility.

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Vyas, Diti. "Intersectional Analysis of Gender in Indian Children's Literature: Comparison of Novels Written in English and Gujarati." International Research in Children's Literature 8, no. 2 (December 2015): 156–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2015.0165.

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This paper examines the validity of perceived associations of ‘parochialism’ and social conservatism with regional language literature (RLL) and ‘modernity’ and ‘progressiveness’ with Indian writing in English (IWE), through a comparative examination of gender in Indian children's literature in English (ICLE) and children's literature in Gujarati (CLG). For this purpose, it adopts an intersectional framework which studies how gender functions in conjunction with other identity markers, rather than operating in isolation. The conclusions emerging from this feminist analysis of intersections of gender with other systems of oppression such as caste, class and community in Indian children's novels in English and Gujarati challenge the associations of ‘parochialism’ with RLL and ‘modernity’ with IWE. They reveal that while both ICLE and CLG are similar in silencing dalit girls/women, and in enforcing minority community stereotypes as far as Muslim masculinity is concerned, CLG shows progressive trends by undertaking to re-gender dalit masculinity and by sensitively exploring gender and class intersection in the construction of poor women.

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Kpohoué, Ferdinand. "African Community Life Pattern in some Novels of Toni Morrison and Zora Neale Hurston." Studies in Linguistics and Literature 5, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v5n3p1.

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The objective in this paper is to investigate the preservation of the community life that characterizes African people in the novels of Toni Morrison and Zora Neale Hurston.As a matter of fact, in all of Morrison’s novels, the black community is, from one perspective, largely defined by the dominant white society and its standards. The Bluest Eye takes place in Morrison’s home town of Lorain, Ohio. In the novel, the black community of Lorain is separated from the upper-class white community, also known as Lake Shore Park, a place where blacks are not permitted. The setting for Sula is a small town in Ohio, located on a hillside known as “Bottom”. In Song of Solomon, the reader is absorbed into the black community, an entity unto itself, but yet never far removed from the white world. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, actions take place in Eatonville in Florida.The study has revealed that there exists a strong solidarity in the different communities in the novels selected for this study. Like African communities in Africa, gossips, tradition and other features appear in the novels of Toni Morrison and Zora Neale Hurston to make them different from the white communities that boarder them in America. These writers from the African diaspora work to preserve their original communities in their novels.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Class novels'

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