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1
Wheatley, Natalio Dixon. "Race, class and resistance in three Caribbean novels." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2017. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/24904/.
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This research gives an analysis of the hierarchical socio-economic system inherent in Guyana, as is illustrated in the novel, Apata, by Harold Bascom; in Trinidad and Tobago, as is illustrated in The Dragon Can't Dance; and in Jamaica, as is illustrated in The Harder They Come. The inhabitants of these societies respond to their oppression with ideological and physical resistance. This study determines that the efforts to overcome the system have failed, due to ideological and organizational weakness. The study begins with an introduction that makes the case for literary analysis as a tool to examine the conditions of a society. Specifically, the introduction is giving focus to the topic of race, class and resistance in three Caribbean novels. Following the introduction is a chapter discussing race and class in the Caribbean. The discussion of race and class is contextualized within Marxism's development and adaptation throughout different societies. Then the specific analysis of Caribbean scholars, many using the tool of dialectical materialism, is applied to the historical circumstances of Caribbean societies, detailing slavery through post emancipation colonialism and the postindependence neocolonial era. After this examination of race and class, this study looks at the resistance to the oppressive conditions inherent within the socio-economic structure of the Caribbean societies. The great bulk of this study is focused on an analysis of each novel. In Apata, it is clearly shown that characters are denied and given opportunities based on their race or colour, which results in resistance. The Dragon Can't Dance, which focuses on a range of characters rather than one primary character as in Apata, is analysed to show how race and class determine the quality of one's life, how individuals seek escape from their condition, how they survive with their condition, and what their response is to their condition. In the HarderThey Come, the main character has his dreams dashed by the hierarchical, racialized, socio-economic system. A number of scholars are drawn on to substantiate a number of points in relation to race, class, and resistance in Caribbean societies. The author of this study concludes with a determination of the way forward for Africans in the Caribbean and the wider African diaspora.
2
Turnbull, Simone. "The portrayal of the working-class and working-class culture in Barry Hines's novels." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2014. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/8637/.
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This thesis examines Barry Hines’s representation of contemporary British workingclass and working-class culture. The corpus includes the writer’s nine novels: The Blinder published in 1966, A Kestrel for a Knave in 1968, First Signs in 1972, The Gamekeeper in 1975, The Price of Coal in 1979, Looks and Smiles in 1981, Unfinished Business in 1983, The Heart of It in 1994 and finally Elvis over England in 1998. The written work also comprises the play entitled Two Men from Derby which was first shown on BBC 1 on 21 February 1976 and subsequently broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 23 October 1976. Besides the scope of the author’s literary output has been enhanced thanks to the adaptation of four of his narratives to cinema through his collaboration with the film-maker Ken Loach. In 1969 the novel entitled The Kestrel for a Knave was adapted into the film named Kes. The Price of Coal was first written for a television series which broadcast in 1977 before being published in book form. The Gamekeeper, was adapted into a film in 1980. Looks and Smiles won the Young Cinema Award in the 1981 Cannes Film Festival. Barry Hines’s position as both a novelist as a scriptwriter has enabled his message to be more widespread. It is the tenor of his message that I study and analyse through the study of his literary output which spans the second half of the 20th century. I wish to question his use of supposedly straightforward realism, verging on naturalism, through the delineation of the geographical, the human, the social and the cultural backdrop. The writer’s literary treatment combines up-to-date details with traditional tenets which conjure up a nostalgic backdrop in the face of the economic, historical and social upheavals of the era. The outlook which remains steeped in the past underscore the timelessness of the working-class according to the narrator. Yet is this definition still relevant as the recent re-shaping of the microcosm is acknowledged, yet downplayed. The overall feeling of everlastingness highlight the entrapment of the contemporary working-class members who cannot come to terms with the successive changes undergone by British society. The writer’s staunch empathy and his use of humour assuage the bleakness of the habitat and of the social conditions. His optimism contrasts with the current virulent contempt levelled at the working-class as he advocates active participation as the only way-out.
3
Bell, David. "Ardent propaganda : miner's novels and class conflict, 1929-1939." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-66446.
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This study of the contribution of working-class fiction to the debate on class conflict in Britain is based on four novels written by two ex-miners between 1929 and 1939: The Gate of a Strange Field (1929) and Last Cage Down (1935), by Harold Heslop, and Cwmardy (1937) and We Live (1939), by Lewis Jones. These novels represent, in working-class fiction, a unique combination of an archetypal working-class occupation, mining, with central features of the 1930s cultural discourse, the role of political ideology in literature. This study takes as its starting point the perception of these novels as having a specifically communicative function in the social and cultural context of the 1930s. It recognises their role in articulating the radical voice of the miner in the conflict of interests between capital and labour as exemplified by the coal industry. I also argue that the novels are influenced by the polarised discourse of British social and cultural life in this period. Cultural context is not seen simply as a reflection of 1930s attitudes and ideas, but also in relation to a tradition of working-class and miners' fiction that appropriates accepted literary forms for specific needs, in this case, the articulation of miners' grievances in the 1930s, seen in terms of class conflict. This conjuncture of historical and contemporary cultural discourses acts as the organising principle of the first part of this study. The four novels are analysed in terms of a sub-genre classification of the realist novel: the roman à thèse. This approach facilitates an analysis focusing on the determining influence of ideology as a totalising concept affecting the structure, content and message of these novels. I argue that the prime purpose of these novels is to constrain interpretation to a desired outcome, as represented by the doctrine inherent in the text. Two types of roman à thèse are distinguished: the apprenticeship, which builds on the precepts of the Bildungsroman, and the confrontational, which is non-transformational, depicting scenes of class conflict. The apprenticeship model consists of two types of exemplary narrative: positive and negative. This study demonstrates that, by applying the analytical model of a positive apprenticeship to Cwmardy, the narrative structures of the novel limit the potential for interpretation to the doctrinal assumptions underlying the text. The reader is expected to identify with the class-conscious insights gained by the hero. The Gate of a Strange Field, in contrast, acts as a cautionary tale, illustrating the consequences of embracing a false doctrine. Both We Live and Last Cage Down are considered as novels of confrontation in which the primary conflict between capital and labour is modified by a secondary conflict within labour on the question of ways and means of achieving a socialist society. The conclusion reached is that these novels can only be understood in relation to the polarised social and cultural attitudes of the 1930s, and in relation to their place in a history of miners' literature that appropriates literary forms to engage in a debate on the class nature of British society.<br>digitalisering@umu
4
Tamai, Fumie. "The representation of empire and class in Dickens's novels." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406893.
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Bell, David. "Ardent propaganda : miners' novels and class conflict 1929-1939 /." Umeå (Sweden) : Umeå university, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37042088w.
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Clarke, Penny L., and n/a. "The poetry of response : adolescent experiences of two class novels." University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060628.155204.
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This study, conducted in a junior high school in Canberra, used
naturalistic research methodology and idiographic data analysis. As the
results obtained in the study were time and context specific, the object
was to reveal the personal factors which affected the nature of the
reading experience for individual research participants. The theoretical
basis of the research was derived from Louise Rosenblatt's transactional
theory and focused on the reading experiences of adolescents with whole
class novels.
Three research techniques were employed in the exploration of aesthetic
reader responses to two whole class novels. The techniques: reading
journals, small group discussions and creative written responses to the
text were implemented sequentially and revealed different levels and
stages of individual and group responses from the 'primary spontaneous'
to a considered reflective response. Data was explored through the case
study mode of analysis which included information relevant to the
individual research participants and the study context.
The research explored the integration of the individual's evocation of the
text with the individual's awareness of self, text, literature and the wider
social context. The research data concluded that the employment of
classroom practices which focus on a full, individual transaction with a
text promotes the development of critical awareness of and familiarity
with the text. This sound understanding of the individual's evocation of
the text forms a self-aware and firm basis for the development of active,
engaged and critical readers of texts.
7
McSweeney, Alexander. "'Isolated among barbarians' : representations of class discourses in the novels of George Gissing." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431703.
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Hanstedt, Paul Stephen. "Defining a middle-class aristocracy: labor, leisure, and ambiguity in four victorian novels /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487935958846836.
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Petty, Sue. "Working-class women and contemporary British literature." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5441.
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This thesis involves a class-based literary criticism of working-class women s writing. I particularly focus on a selection of novels by three working-class women writers - Livi Michael, Caeia March and Joan Riley. Their work emerged in the 1980s, the era of Thatcherism, which is a definitive period in British history that spawned a renaissance of working-class literature. In my readings of the novels I look at three specific aspects of identity: gender, sexuality and race with the intersection of social class, to examine how issues of economic positioning impinge further on the experience of respectively being a woman, a lesbian and a black woman in contemporary British society. I also appropriate various feminist theories to argue for the continued relevance of social class in structuring women s lives in late capitalism. Working-class writing in general, and working-class women s writing in particular, has historically been under-represented in academic study, so that by highlighting the work of these three lesser known writers, and by indicating that they are worthy of study, this thesis is also complicit in an act of feminist historiography.
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Herbertson, Ian Richard. "Working-class writing and Americanisation debates in Britain and Australia: 1950-1965." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Arts, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003190/.
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[From Introduction]: ‘Work’ is not a topic that much concerns contemporary novelists or fires the creative imagination. Today, writing about work is primarily done by investigative reporters like Elizabeth Wynhausen, whose Dirt Cheap: Life at the Wrong End of the Job Market (2005) is a striking – if rare – under-cover exposé of what ‘economic reform’ really means for menial Australian workers. There is certainly no literary equivalent now of the British and Australian novels, appearing in the 1950s and 1960s, preoccupied with the relationship between changing patterns of work and working-class experience: the lived transformations of traditional class and family ties; the impact of new consuming habits and popular cultural pursuits; the political situation of ordinary working people, and shifts in their attitudes and values. These British and Australian novels generally assumed that reorganisations of the working coal face or factory floor extended into the private sphere, informing or producing the stressful personal dramas played out in communities and at the kitchen sink.This thesis argues that these novels were elements of a broader dialogue in the 50s and 60s: one in which work and working-class life were significant subjects, articulated in a range of complementary discourses that were interlocutory – economic and political analysis, sociology, nascent cultural theory, popular newspaper commentary and literature. Consequently, a main objective of this thesis is to reveal how these representational forms or disciplines converged in the period 1950–1965: to examine their common themes and interests, and their collectiveresponses to questions concerning working-class life. The thesis argues that all these forms or disciplines shared the view that the condition of the working classes, in both Britain and Australia, crucially mattered to the overall social architecture of the time. It also argues that they all regarded the presence of America, the era’s pre-eminent global force, as central to such questions; and that America was complexly understood as an idealised political concept, a power-house of popular cultural production, and a very real engine of socio-economic change.
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Dotson, Emily A. "Strong Angels of Comfort: Middle Class Managing Daughters in Victorian Literature." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/13.
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This dissertation joins a vibrant conversation in the social sciences about the challenging nature of care labor as well as feminist discussions about the role of the daughter in Victorian culture.
It explores the literary presence of the middle class managing daughter in the Victorian home.
Collectively, the novels in this study articulate social anxieties about the unclear and unstable role of daughters in the family, the physically and emotionally challenging work they, and all women, do, and the struggle for daughters to find a place in a family hierarchy, which is often structured not by effort or affection, but by proscribed traditional roles, which do not easily adapt to managing daughters, even if they are the ones holding the family together.
The managing daughter is a problem not accounted for in any conventional domestic structure or ideology so there is no role, no clear set of responsibilities and no boundaries that could, and arguably should, define her obligations, offer her opportunities for empowerment, or set necessary limits on the broad cultural mandate she has to comfort and care others.
The extremes she is often pushed to reveals the stresses and hidden conflicts for authority and autonomy inherent in domestic labor without the iconic angel in the house rhetoric that so often masks the difficulties of domestic life for women. She gains no authority or stability no matter how loving or even how necessary she is to a family because there simply is no position in the parental family structure for her.
The managing daughter thus reveals a deep crack in the structure of the traditional Victorian family by showing that it often cannot accommodate, protect, or validate a loving non-traditional family member because it values traditional hierarchies over emotion or effort.
Yet, in doing so, it also suggests that if it is position not passion that matters, then as long as a woman assumes the right position in the family then deep emotional connections to others are not necessary for her to care competently for others.
12
Somerton, Elizabeth Eastman. "The question of Englishness, identity, culture, class and gender in the novels of Margaret Drabble." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0009/NQ36592.pdf.
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Smith, Jonathan. "Love and marriage, social class, fiction : a study of three Italian novels of the 1880's." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314969.
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Davis, Laura R. "Sensory Coding in William Faulkner's Novels: Investigating Class, Gender, Queerness, and Race through a Non-Visual Paradigm." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/70.
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ABSTRACT
Although the title of William Faulkner’s famous novel The Sound and the Fury overtly references the senses, most critics have focused on the fury rather than on the sound. However, Faulkner’s stories, vividly and descriptively set in the U.S. South, contain not only characters and plot, but also depict a rich sensory world. To neglect the way Faulkner’s characters employ their senses is to miss subtle but important clues regarding societal codes that structure hierarchies of class, gender, queerness, and race in his novels. Thus, a more complete examination of the sensory world in Faulkner’s fiction across multiple texts seems necessary to explore how Faulkner’s characters interpret the sensory stimuli in their fictional landscape and how their actions in this regard reveal the larger social constructs functioning in the novels. In particular, this dissertation seeks to borrow the theoretical approach known in fields such as history, anthropology, and sociology as sensory studies to examine nine Faulkner novels: Absalom, Absalom!, As I Lay Dying, Go Down, Moses, The Hamlet, If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem (The Wild Palms), Light in August, The Sound and the Fury, The Town, and The Unvanquished.
Such an approach requires moving away from examining sensory stimuli as symbols that are read the same way by everyone; instead, the way Faulkner’s characters use the senses is examined as a biased act, an act that is committed and interpreted differently depending on who is doing the sensing. Using this type of sensory studies framework can transform close readings of Faulkner’s texts, particularly since such an approach helps us understand the way the senses are constantly interwoven with characters’ attempts to define (and sometimes confine) the other characters. In fact, exploring the way characters actively use their senses to categorize others can reveal a hidden discourse, one where the language of the senses illuminates belief-systems in ways that are not otherwise obvious.
15
Sandall, Elizabeth Kay. "The politics of place : the location of rank, class and gender in the novels of Frances Burney." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360867.
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Kalogeropoulou, Konstantina. "Harry Potter and Draco Malfoy : An analysis of race, prejudice, and class in the Harry Potter novels." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78426.
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This essay explores how in the Harry Potter series, J. K. Rowling's magical heroes function asparadigms whose roles reflect on issues of race, prejudice and racism. Those issues include goodand evil, socialism and aristocracy, purity and impurity, freedom and indebtedness. This essayfocuses on showing how those themes are reflected and confronted in the dipole between HarryPotter and Draco Malfoy. Additionally, the Critical Race Theory, a theory that examines howculture uses and assorts power and race in society, is implemented to show how race andprejudice are reflected in the magical world. By further analyzing Harry and Draco's upbringingand social milieus in relation to the theme of good vs. evil, the development of these characters ispresented in response to their contrasting surroundings. The paper concludes that thesecharacters evolve in the final novels and make conscious choices to achieve the common causeof defying evil, despite their opposing backgrounds.<br>Denna uppsats utforskar hur J. K. Rowlings magiska hjältar, i Harry Potter-serien, fungerar somen paradigm vars roller reflekterar frågor kring ras, fördomar och rasism. Dessa frågor inkluderargott och ont, socialism och aristokrati, renhet och orenhet, frihet och skuldsättning. Dennauppsats fokuserar på att visa hur dessa teman reflekteras och konfronteras i dipolen mellan HarryPotter och Draco Malfoy. Dessutom implementeras Critical Race Theory, en teori somundersöker hur kultur använder och sorterar makt och ras i samhället, för att visa hur ras ochfördomar återspeglas i den magiska världen. Genom att ytterligare analysera Harry och Dracosuppväxt och sociala miljöer i förhållande till temat ’gott mot ont’, presenteras dessa karaktärersutveckling som ett resultat av kontrasterande omgivning. Uppsatsen drar slutsatsen att dessakaraktärer utvecklas i de sista romanerna och gör medvetna val för att uppnå det gemensammamålet till att bekämpa det onda, trots deras motsatta bakgrunder.
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Salman, Malek Mohammad. "Post-war British working-class fiction with special reference to the novels of John Braine, Alan Sillitoe, Stan Barstow, David Storey and Barry Hines." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/403/.
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This study is about British working-class fiction in the post-war period. It covers various authors such as Robert Tressell, George Orwell, Walter Greenwood, Lewis Grassic Gibbon and DH Lawrence from the early twentieth century; writers traditionally classified as 'Angry Young Men' like John Osborne, Arnold Wesker, Shelagh Delaney, John Wain and Kingsley Amis; and working-class novelists like John Braine, Stan Barstow, David Storey, Alan Sillitoe and Barry Hines from the 1950s and 1960s. Some of the main issues dealt with in the course of this study are language, form, community, self/identity/autobiography, sexuality and relationship with bourgeois art. The major argument centres on two questions: representation of working-class life, and the relationship between working-class literary tradition and dominant ideologies. We will be arguing that while working-class fiction succeeded in challenging and rupturing bourgeois literary tradition, on the level of language and linguistic medium of expression for example, it utterly failed to break away from dominant, bourgeois modes of literary production in relation to form, for instance. Our argument is situated within Marxist approaches to literature, a political and aesthetic position from which we attempt an analysis and an evaluation of this working-class literary tradition. These critical approaches provide us also with the theoretical tool to define the political perspective of this tradition, and to judge whether it was confined to a descriptive mode of representation or located in a radical, political outlook.
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Patterson, Thomas H. Crumpler Thomas P. "Teacher change as elicited from formalism to reader response theory applied to two twentieth century novels engaged by a secondary school advanced novel class." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1225152521&SrchMode=1&sid=7&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1177942246&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed on April 30, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Thomas Crumpler (chair), Dent Rhodes, Ellen Spycher. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-195) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Corkish, Alan. "Them and us : an examination of working-class culture, politics and attitudes in selected British twentieth century novels." Thesis, Edge Hill University, 2017. http://repository.edgehill.ac.uk/9938/.
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‘If only 'them' and 'us' had the same ideas we'd get on like a house on fire, but they don't see eye to eye with us and we don't see eye to eye with them, so that's how it stands and how it will always stand.’ The thesis seeks to investigate and identify specific instances of them and us in selected British twentieth century working-class novels. The methodology employed is qualitative with a heuristic/psychological underpinning that relies in part on the theories of Clark Moustakas and which then supports a Marxist, feminist aspect centring on reader-response theories. The aims include identifying, defining and deconstructing the nature of the working-class novel having first identified the term ‘working-class’ and the reasons for the selection and identification of the novels chosen which may be termed ‘working-class’; it explores the difference between novels perceived to be ‘working-class literature’ as opposed to ‘proletarian-writing’ and examines specific areas which arise including culture, the System, religion, the nature of authority and attitudes to women and minority groups in conjunction with an examination and identification of what may be termed pervasive ingrained machismo dogmas which may in turn lead to a better understanding of the terms them and us. The central focus of this thesis is on the texts, the novels themselves, what the author(s) or the narrators are actually saying more than what the critics have to say. Although the nature of ‘class’ has been investigated many times the specific identification of the phrase ‘them and us’, though in common use, has seldom previously been subject to scrutiny with regard to an investigation of specific literary texts and it is my belief that the term has become accepted as though there was but one definition of the term. Further, the term has come to encompass and to be applied in general to novels in a manner which has then categorised these novels while failing to examine the actual texts in depth; this is something I will examine particularly in section three. The thesis is divided into ten chapters with further sub-division to three sections. The first section seeks to identify them and us in general terms, by investigating instances of them and us in selected novels of the twentieth century. In section two the focus is upon novels which may be inclined to favour them while the third section conversely examines novels which might lean more towards us.
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Malatji, Permission Agosi. "Examining a comparative depiction of crime in Smith and Nesbo's selected novels : an afro-western perspective." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3192.
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Thesis (M. A.(English Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2019<br>This study explores a literary comparative examination of crime between Africa and Scandinavia, with special attention to Botswana and Norway. Smith’s and Nesbo’s selected novels are used as primary texts for analysis. The novels are, therefore, set in two different areas. These writers depict crime from the African and European perspectives.
Chapter One deals with a brief introduction, and the aim and objectives of the study. It also expands on the theoretical background and provides definitions of terms that are used in this paper.
Chapter Two presents views from various scholars on crime. This study is based on an Afro-Western approach of literary analysis. In other words, there are thoughts by both African and Western writers which assist in determining possible and noticeable similarities and differences, on the issue of crime.
Chapter Three analyses crime from an African perspective while Chapter Four discusses crime from a Western point of view. Each of these chapters reflects on crime through character portrayal and depiction within its context.
Chapter Five is a comparative analysis of both novels. The chapter identifies possible similarities and differences, mainly of the depiction of crime in different settings – Africa and Scandinavia, committed by blacks and whites. However, the structural and linguistic approaches of both the novels are also reviewed, assisting in discovering the life, in comparison, of the authors.
The last chapter (Chapter Six), is a conclusion of the study and future suggestions. Basically, the study argues that blacks only should not be portrayed as perpetrators, but that whites too can be culprits. Again, there should be an equal of measurement on the weight and honour of the two races. Lastly, the moral is that without considering skin colour, financial and social backgrounds, justice must be served equally. Hence, whoever is caught in any form of wrongdoing, they must be given the appropriate punishment – regardless of race, colour, religious creed, gender, financial and social background.
Key Words: Crime, Afro-Western, Marxism, suspense, detective, identity, puzzle, fix, accumulation, class, characterisation and setting
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Shen, Bingsu. "Strangers in their own land, the issue of social class and the dilemma of individuals in three novels by Chinua Achebe." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ54746.pdf.
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Chamberlain, N. A. "Herman Melville and the mid-nineteenth-century : the narrator and the literary politics of class dissent in the first six novels." Thesis, Durham University, 1990. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1171/.
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Malatjie, Permission Agosi. "Examining a comparative depiction of crime in Smith and Nesbo's selected novels : an afro-western perspective." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3059.
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Thesis (M. A.) --University of Limpopo, 2019.<br>This study explores a literary comparative examination of crime between Africa and Scandinavia, with special attention to Botswana and Norway. Smith’s and Nesbo’s selected novels are used as primary texts for analysis. The novels are, therefore, set in two different areas. These writers depict crime from the African and European perspectives.
Chapter One deals with a brief introduction, and the aim and objectives of the study. It also expands on the theoretical background and provides definitions of terms that are used in this paper.
Chapter Two presents views from various scholars on crime. This study is based on an Afro-Western approach of literary analysis. In other words, there are thoughts by both African and Western writers which assist in determining possible and noticeable similarities and differences, on the issue of crime.
Chapter Three analyses crime from an African perspective while Chapter Four discusses crime from a Western point of view. Each of these chapters reflects on crime through character portrayal and depiction within its context.
Chapter Five is a comparative analysis of both novels. The chapter identifies possible similarities and differences, mainly of the depiction of crime in different settings – Africa and Scandinavia, committed by blacks and whites. However, the structural and linguistic approaches of both the novels are also reviewed, assisting in discovering the life, in comparison, of the authors.
The last chapter (Chapter Six), is a conclusion of the study and future suggestions. Basically, the study argues that blacks only should not be portrayed as perpetrators, but that whites too can be culprits. Again, there should be an equal of measurement on the weight and honour of the two races. Lastly, the moral is that without considering skin colour, financial and social backgrounds, justice must be served equally. Hence, whoever is caught in any form of wrongdoing, they must be given the appropriate punishment – regardless of race, colour, religious creed, gender, financial and social background.
Key Words: Crime, Afro-Western, Marxism, suspense, detective, identity, puzzle, fix, accumulation, class, characterisation and setting.
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Jagodzinski, Mallory Diane. "Of Bustles and Breeches: Cross-dressing Romance Novel Heroines and the Performance of Gender Ideology." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1276724423.
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Ogbuehi, Mary Rose-Claret [Verfasser]. "The Struggle for Women Empowerment Through Education : in the novels Second Class Citizen (1974) by Buchi Emecheta and Das verborgene Wort (2001) by Ulla Hahn / Mary Rose-Claret Ogbuehi." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218301627/34.
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Salazar, Espinoza David Elí. "Discursos del socavón: imágenes del universo subterráneo en la novela En la noche infinita." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/2553.
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Discursos del socavón: imágenes del universo subterráneo en la novela En la noche infinita es el título tentativo que hemos denominado a esta tesis. En ella pretendemos abordar los discursos del texto divididos en seis capítulos. El primero trata de hacer una introducción al estudio desde el planteamiento de los problemas, la justificación de la investigación, perseguir algunos antecedentes hasta elaborar un panorama de la novela minera en el Perú que ubiquen el texto en estudio. El segundo capítulo trata de construir las estructuras primarias y básicas de la novela; desde el trama, sus actores, espacios hasta rastrear la vida de su autor. Así mismo tratamos de ubicar los sucesos históricos que marcaron la huella constructiva de la novela. Para ello, rastreamos las tres primeras décadas del siglo XX con detalles, ubicando los acontecimientos sociales que aparecen en los discursos de la obra. Estos datos están fuera del texto mismo, pero nos ayudan a comprender el texto en sí. Los cuatro últimos capítulos forman el estudio mismo de la novela. El tercer capítulo analiza los “discursos del socavón”, las imágenes que aparecen de ese universo subterráneo, siguiendo las pautas de la semiótica del discurso se asedia el texto del modo siguiente: el observador del universo subterráneo es un cuerpo sensible, sin tiente. Toma posición a través de dos operaciones: mira y captación. A través de la captación se extiende el relato. Nos damos cuenta que es un observador muy escrupuloso, atento a las circunstancias del trabajo cotidiano, ante sus ojos aparecen los distintos oficios de las minas que los mineros realizan con admirable destreza; y al mismo tiempo la mira del observador se torna muy sensible: sufre, llora, padece, se alegra y se emociona constantemente, como también aparecen los sujetos mágicos como el muqui y el jumpe dentro del escenario minero. El cuarto capítulo trata de elaborar un inventario de las metáforas más sobresalientes del texto, bajo la denominación de “metáforas de la vida cotidiana”, se hace un análisis de los discursos metafóricos de la novela.<br>Tesis
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Campbell, Ellen Catherine. "Marriage and Class in Nineteenth-Century British Fiction." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1222.
Full textAbstract:
The connection between social change and marriage is of critical concern for nineteenth century English novelists, and the progression of both class shifts and alterations in marriage are discernable through these novelists' respective works. Due to the Industrial Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, England's social hierarchy began to shift allowing for the rise of a middle class; with the professional class's ascension came the decline of the landed gentry. These social changes blurred class boundaries and created an increasing socially mobile society. Additionally, they coincided with changes to marriage framework, as matrimony was moving towards being based on love rather than the traditional socioeconomic foundation. As both class lines and the love-revolution took place around the same time historically, there was a key change in marriage suitability, making cross-class and love-based marriages more of a reality. Jane Austen and Thomas Hardy are two of the most notable authors from the nineteenth century who chronicle this tension between marriage and class in their respective novels. This thesis focuses specifically on Austen's Persuasion and Hardy's Far From the Madding Crowd, arguing that they both visualize a successful marriage that is predicated on both love and socioeconomic status. Their similar image of the sustainable marriage gives value to both the socioeconomic-based and love-based marriages, depicting a realistic conceptualization of marriage.
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Eagle, R. A. "Novel aspects of MHC class II regulation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598723.
Full textAbstract:
To explore novel aspects of the regulation of MHC class II gene and protein expression I adopted three lines of investigation. 1. Using modern microarray technology to expression profile B cell lines with non-functional CIITA and comparing them to control lines I identified a number of novel candidate genes for CIITA regulation. Of these candidates, the low affinity receptor for IgE (CD23) was shown to be co-regulated with MHC class II in CIITA positive and negative transfectants by both real-time PCR and FACS staining. Evidence from other laboratories points to molecular association between CD23 and MHC class II proteins. The induction of CD23 expression by CIITA further implicates the function of this molecule in MHC class II antigen presentation in B cells. My data confirm suggestions that CIITA has a wider role controlling a group of non-MHC encoded genes that are relevant to MHC class II antigen presentation. 2. In malignant B cells stimulation with Il4 and via CD40 is known to increase their efficiency at inducing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses. In primary leukaemia cells and a cell line stimulated in this way an increase in surface CLIP expression and a downregulation of total HLA-DM, but not MHC class II or HLA-DO, was seen. These data establish independent modulation of HLA-DM as a route by which B cells may modulate their peptide repertoire. 3. When immature dendritic cells are stimulated to become mature specialised antigen presenting cells expression of classical MHC class II, and HLA-DM genes is extinguished. I present immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy date indicating that HLA-DO is expressed in both mature and immature dendritic cells at a low level and by real-time PCR that HLA-DOB shows differential expression from other class II genes. Antigen presenting cells appear to utilise independent modulation of HLA-DM and HLA-DO in order to fine tune the repertoire of peptides they present to T cells.
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Jagodzinski, Mallory Diane. "Love is (Color) Blind: Historical Romance Fiction and Interracial Relationships in the Twenty-First Century." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1440101084.
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PONNAMANENI, SANJITH KUMAR. "A NOVEL AUDIO AMPLILFIER COMBINING LINEAR AND SWITCHING TECHNIQUES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109274094.
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Pändel, Lisen. "La objetualización de las mujeres y los indígenas en dos novelas latinoamericanas de los años 60 del siglo XX : Un análisis interseccional." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-139776.
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En este trabajo se analizan las representaciónes de dos categorías sociales, las mujeres y los indígenas en dos novelas latinoamericanas cuyas tramas acontecen en la primera mitad del siglo XX en Perú y México, respectivamente: La casa verde (1965) del escritor peruano Mario Vargas Llosa y Oficio de tinieblas (1962) de la escritora mexicana Rosario Castellanos. Nos proponemos analizar cómo diferentes formas de discriminación (referidas a clase social, género sexual y etnicidad) se entrecruzan en las novelas. Para ello vamos a realizar un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de una selección de diálogos de ambas novelas. Para llevar a cabo el análisis cuantitativo vamos a valernos del test de Bechdel. Mediante el cual podremos comprobar si hay una escasa cantidad de diálogos entre mujeres e indígenas en comparación con otros grupos sociales, lo cual nos permitirá visualizar posibles desigualdades en las representaciones de ambos grupos sociales en las novelas. En nuestra parte cualitativa, a través de un análisis crítico del discurso y utilizando una perspectiva interseccional, analizamos los diálogos directos en los que se habla sobre estos dos grupos sociales, las mujeres y los indígenas, para poder estudiar su representación en las novelas y para ver si encontramos elementos que puedan considerarse discriminatorios con respecto a estos grupos sociales. Finalmente, se compara el resultado cuantitativo con el resultado cualitativo para así poder también probar la conveniencia del test de Bechdel para analizar desigualdades en los medios de ficción.<br>The aim of this paper is to analyse the representation of two social categories, women and natives, in two Latin American novels, whose plot takes place in the first half of the twentieth century in Peru and Mexico, respectively: The green house/La casa verde (1965) by Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa and The book of lamentation/Oficio de tinieblas (1962) by Mexican author Rosario Castellanos. In this study, we will analyse how different forms of discrimination (regarding social class, gender and ethnicity) intersect in both novels. We will use a quantitative and qualitative analysis of selected dialogues of both novels. To perform the quantitative analysis, we will make use of the Bechdeltest. Through this test we can study a small amount of dialogues between women and natives compared to other social groups, allowing us to visualize possible inequalities in the representation of both social groups in the novels. In our qualitative part we will study the dialogues in which the interlocutors talk about these two social groups, women and natives, to interpret their representation in the novels and to find out if there are elements that may be considered discriminatory with respect to these social groups, through a critical discourse analysis and an intersectional perspective. Finally, the quantitative result is compared with the qualitative results so that we can test the suitability of Bechdel test to analyse inequalities in the media fiction.
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Sonnberg, Stephanie, and n/a. "Chordopoxviruses encode a novel class of F-box proteins." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090120.145226.
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Poxviruses are an extensive family of large DNA viruses, including the human pathogen variola virus, which causes smallpox. Vertebrate poxviruses encode numerous proteins of unknown function that contain an ankyrin repeat (ANK) domain. ANK domains have been shown to mediate protein-protein interactions and are present in a large number of cellular proteins involved in pathways such as transcription, cell cycle regulation and development. Recently, an F-box-like motif, which conserved key residues of the cellular F-box motif, was identified at the C-terminus of these proteins. Most cellular F-box proteins are specificity factors of SCF1 ubiquitin ligases, recruiting substrate proteins to the SCF1 complex where they are poly-ubiquitinated. F-box proteins use their N-terminal F-box to bind the SCF1 complex, and a second interaction motif, such as a leucine-rich-repeat domain, but never an ANK domain, to recruit the substrate. Poxviral ANK/F-box-like proteins exhibit a reversed domain order compared to cellular F-box proteins, and a novel domain combination of ANK domain and putative F-box. The aim of this study was to examine the functionality of the poxviral F-box-like motif and to assess whether poxviral ANK/F-box-like proteins could function as specificity factors of cellular ubiquitin ligases.
Using immunoprecipitation of transiently expressed recombinant proteins, several poxvirus F-box-like motifs that represented the sequence variation and differences in motif length observed among poxvirus ANK/F-box-like proteins, were tested and found to be functional F-box domains. The poxviral ANK/F-box proteins interacted with all three subunits of the SCF1 complex, Skp1 (directly), Cul1 and Rbx1 (indirectly) regardless of the manner of SCF1 expression (transient over-expression or endogenous). A representative poxviral F-box was found to be both necessary and sufficient for binding SCF1, while the ANK domain of the same protein was expendable. SCF1 ubiquitin ligases bound by a poxviral ANK/F-box protein remained competent in forming poly-ubiquitin chains, indicating that these poxviral proteins are not inhibitors of SCF1.
This evidence strongly suggests that poxvirus ANK/F-box proteins function as specificity factors of SCF1 ubiquitin ligases. Individual chordopoxviruses each encode several discrete ANK/F-box proteins. The five ANK/F-box proteins of one poxvirus, orf virus, were competent in binding SCF1, and when transiently expressed, were found to exhibit different sub-cellular localization patterns that were consistent in two cell lines and in the presence and absence of orf virus infection. Furthermore, the ANK domains of the five orf virus ANK/F-box proteins were distinct in primary amino acid sequence and in predicted tertiary structure. Together theses findings indicate that the five orf virus ANK/F-box proteins interact with different binding partners.
In summary, this study identifies a novel class of F-box proteins encoded by chordopoxviruses that exhibits a reversed domain order and a novel domain combination of ANK domain with a truncated, but functional, F-box motif. Bioinformatic analysis, structure modeling, and microscopy findings suggest that chordopoxvirus ANK/F-box proteins function as specificity factors of SCF1 ubiquitin ligases. Several viruses use specificity factors to target cellular anti-viral factors to the ubiquitination system, a virulence mechanism that now seems likely to also exist in poxviruses.
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Gallagher, Lucy. "The contemporary middlebrow novel : (post)feminism, class, and domesticity." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1796.
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This thesis examines debates about the value of women's writing and the definition, and perception of 'literary', 'popular' and 'middlebrow' literature that have taken place over the past twenty years. I argue that this contemporary preoccupation with literary value (which has its origins I suggest in the development of prize culture) has resulted in a disregard for the type of women's fiction which falls between what Winterson has described as the categories of 'art' and 'entertainment' - the middlebrow. Drawing on discussions of middlebrow fiction in the interwar period (Beauman 1983; Light 1991; Humble 2001), this thesis explores how recent work on women's fiction published in the early twentieth century can be used to find new ways of exploring the notion of 'value' in contemporary women's writing, and to open up discussions of how issues including class, nation, feminism and the home circulate within contemporary novels. Chapter One considers the work of Anita Brookner. It examines the connection between Brookner's novels and genre writing, exploring the representation of literary culture and reflecting on the position of the middlebrow reader. Chapter Two focuses on the novels of Joanna Trollope and the emergence of the Aga-saga in the nineties - a genre which I connect with the middlebrow novel of manners. This chapter challenges Deborah Philips's analysis of Trollope's novels as 'reassuring fictions' and argues instead that they emerge out of the conservative politics and the backlash against feminism that began in the 1980s. In Chapter Three I connect the work of Rachel Cusk to other twentieth century novels that have demonstrated a preoccupation with class, including Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead Revisited (1945) and Nancy Mitford's The Pursuit of Love (1945), and argue that Cusk's novels provide an important account of the changing nature of class over the past decade. Moving away from the perception of Cusk as the author of 'literary' novels, I argue that her writing is steeped in a literary tradition that is characteristically middlebrow.
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Smallegoor, Elles. "Novel upstarts : Frances Burney and the lower middle class." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185536.
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Frances Burney was the only major long eighteenth-century novelist to bring shopkeepers and tradesmen into literary focus. The current study seeks to shed light on this neglected aspect of the author’s work. By combining textual analysis with historicist, and, to a lesser extent, biographical criticism, it examines the author’s four novels alongside a cultural and literary trend that emerges in late eighteenth-century England and is defined by an increased fascination for, and hostility against, economically prospering retailers and smaller tradesmen. Through her fiction, Burney developed new strategies to represent the domestic trader as an unwelcome new upstart, and, it is argued, contributed to the popular conceptualisation of a social stratum that we nowadays call the lower middle class. Her novels should not be labelled reactionary. Even though they are implicated in traditional processes of stratification, they promote a progressive social vision in which the existence of the domestic trader is recognised rather than negated. More generally, this study argues that the concept of the lower middle class can be an enriching hermeneutic tool for scholars of eighteenth-century studies. By using the lower middle class as a conceptual framework within which to investigate not only Burney’s novels but a whole body of writings on the subject of the upwardly mobile trader, it shows, firstly, that the historian can draw on eighteenth-century literature to capture a sense of how certain models of class come into being and, secondly, that the literary critic can effectively use the category of social class to make new discoveries, not only about eighteenth-century literature but also about Burney’s unique contribution to the development of the novel genre.
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Fu, Qi Jia. "A novel class of hydride catalysts for hydrogenation reactions." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252202.
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Delgado, Benito Verónica. "Identification and characterization of novel class switch recombination factors." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22059.
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Klassenwechsel (CSR, class switch recombination) bezeichnet eine B-Zellen spezifische, somatische Rekombination. Sie ersetzt den konstanten Abschnitt der immunoglobulin schweren Kette (Igh), wenn die Zelle auf ein Antikörper trifft oder durch in vitro Aktivierung. Dadurch wechseln B-Zellen die exprimierten IgM Antikörpermoleküle zu anderen Isotypen (IgG, IgE oder IgA), welche die selbe Antikörperaffinität besitzen, aber eine andere Effektorfunktion. Dieser Vorgang ist elementar im Aufbau einer effektiven Immunantwort, da Defekte bei der CSR zu erhöhten IgM-Leveln führen und primären Anitkörperdefizit. Diese wurden bereits mit Autoimmunität, Autoinflamations-Syndrome und erhöhte Anfälligkeit für Infektionen und Krebs in Verbindung gebracht. CSR ist ein komplexer, physiologischer, vielgliedriger Prozess, welcher die Bildung und Reparatur von Doppelstrangbrüchen durch verschiedene molekulare Mechanismen leitet und welcher noch nicht vollständig verstanden ist. Das Ziel dieser Studie war daher die Identifikation neuer CSR-Faktoren und die Charakterisierung ihrer Rolle(n) innerhalb dieser Reaktion. Dafür wurde eine CH12-Lymphoma B-Zelllinie mit einem robusten Funktionsverlust der CSR erstellt. Diese wurden in vitro aktiviert um Antikörperisotypdifferenzierung zu IgA mit hoher Effizienz vorzunehmen. Ein Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist die Identifikation von ZMYND8 als Notwendig für den CSR. Dieser Faktor bindet und reguliert die Transkription der regulatorischen 3´ Region, welcher ein super-enhancer am 3´ Ende der Igh Region ist, und die Antikörperisotypdifferenzierung reguliert. Davon unabhängig wurde PDAP1 als neuer Faktor für effiziente CSR identifiziert. Abschließend tragen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zum weiteren Verständniss der Regulierung der Antikörperisotypdifferenzierung sowie der Aktivität von B-Zellen während der Immunantwort.<br>Class Switch Recombination (CSR) is a B-cell specific somatic recombination reaction that replaces the constant region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus upon antigen encountering or in vitro cell activation. As a consequence, B cells switch from expressing IgM antibody molecules to another isotype (IgG, IgE or IgA), which harbor the same antigen affinity but different effector function. This process is essential for the establishment of an effective immune response since defects in CSR lead to increased serum IgM levels and primary antibody deficiencies, which are associated with autoimmunity, auto-inflammatory syndromes, increased sensitivity to infections and cancer. CSR is a complex physiological multistep process that involves the formation and repair of double strand breaks through different molecular mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify novel CSR factors, and characterize their role(s) in the reaction. To do so, a robust functional loss of CSR screen was set-up and performed in the CH12 lymphoma B cell line. These cells can be activated in vitro to undergo antibody isotype differentiation to IgA with high efficiency. As a result of this screen, the chromatin reader ZMYND8 was found to be required for CSR. Specifically, this factor binds and modulates the transcriptional activity of the 3’ regulatory region, which is a super-enhancer located at the 3’ end of the Igh locus that controls antibody isotype differentiation. Furthermore, PDAP1 was independently identified as a novel factor necessary for efficient CSR. Conclusively, the results of this thesis contributed to further understand the processes regulating antibody isotype differentiation and B cell activity during an immune response.
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Mak, Kwok. "A novel class of order perceiving algorithms for intelligent machines." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404300.
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Cheshier, Laura Kay. "Symptomatic identities: lovesickness and the nineteenth-century British novel." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/6001.
Full textAbstract:
Lovesickness is a common malady in British literature, but it is also an illness
that has been perceived and diagnosed differently in different eras. The nineteenthcentury
British novel incorporates a lovesickness that primarily affects women with
physical symptoms, including fever, that may end in a female character's death. The
fever of female lovesickness includes a delirium that allows a female character to play
out the identity crisis she must feel at the loss of a significant relationship and possibly
of her social status. Commonly conflated with a type of female madness, the nineteenthcentury
novelists often focus less on the delirium and more on the physical symptoms of
illness that affect a female character at the loss of love. These physical symptoms require
physical care from other characters and often grant the heroine status and comfort.
Jane Austen, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Charles Dickens all use subtle variations in
lovesickness to identify the presence or absence of a female character's virtue. Jane
Austen established lovesickness as a necessary experience for female characters, who
choose only if they reveal or conceal their symptoms to a watchful public. Elizabeth
Gaskell established both a comic socially constructed lovesickness in which a female
character can participate if she is aware of popular culture and a spontaneous
lovesickness that affects socially unaware female characters and leads to death. Charles Dickens establishes lovesickness as culturally pervasive by writing a female character
who stages lovesickness for the purpose of causing pain to others and a female character
who is immune to lovesickness and the rhetoric of love, yet is consistently spoken into
others' love stories. Lovesickness becomes a barometer of the soul in several nineteenthcentury
novels by which we read a heroine's virtue or lack of virtue and the depth of her
loss.
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Hazelwood, Adam Charles. "Synthesis and characterisation of novel pillared clays." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248171.
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Hanna, Andrew I. "A class of novel algorithms for adaptive filtering and image restoration." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405398.
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Simon, Jacob Cyert. "LisNRs : a novel class of liposomal contrast agents for molecular MRI." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130814.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, February, 2021<br>Cataloged from the official PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-104).<br>Biological systems depend on numerous molecular messengers that transduce information across large distances. Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of molecular signaling networks is crucial for the construction of systems- and organism-level models of biological function. Molecular imaging, a technique that employs chemical probes to relay molecular events into spatially-resolved signal changes, is a promising strategy for studying complex molecular signaling networks in situ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a leading noninvasive imaging modality that allows for imaging of large volumes of deep tissue with high spatiotemporal resolution. Paramagnetic molecular sensors enable detection of molecular phenomena with MRI (molecular MRI). The scope of molecular MRI experiments thus far, however, has been limited by the modest sensitivity and signal changes provided by existing probes.<br>In this dissertation, I introduce Ḻiposomal Ṉanoparticle Ṟeporters (LisNRs), a novel class of MRI-detectible sensor that utilizes an innovative contrast mechanism in which reversible modulation of the water permeability of liposomal bilayers simultaneously modulates water access to a large, concentrated pool of conventional T1-weighted MRI contrast agents. This architecture gives rise to significant signal amplification with respect to first-generation MRI probes that rely on stoichiometric sensing mechanisms in which binding of one analyte molecule modulates water access to a single paramagnetic metal ion. I employ two strategies for the signal-dependent modulation of liposomal water permeability. The first approach uses reversible modulation of lipid bilayer fluidity to induce changes in passive bilayer water permeability. To demonstrate this concept, I build Light- LisNR, a photosensitive MRI contrast agent, which I use to map light distribution in the rat brain.<br>The second approach utilizes ligand-gated water-permeable channels to modulate bilayer water permeability. I demonstrate the potential of this strategy for molecular sensing using biotin/streptavidin as a model system. Together, this work introduces and demonstrates a novel platform for sensing with MRI that addresses longstanding challenges of low sensitivity and signal change with existing MRI-detectible probes.<br>by Jacob Cyert Simon.<br>Ph. D.<br>Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering
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Marques, Camila da Silva. "Distinção, corpo de classe e estilo de vida: “as situações que a gente passa, dentro das novelas têm”." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2018. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13248.
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ca<br>This thesis is a comparative study of soap opera reception with 8 upper middle, middle and popular classes
women (middle low and low) residing in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. The social bias of the present
research is the social class, here understood as a key mediation to comprehend the tangles between media
and sociocultural contexts. The objective is to comprehend the similarities and differences in the
interpretation of class and distinctive processes presented in the narrative of the soap opera A Regra do
Jogo (2015/2016) - which aired at 9 p.m., considered the main hour for soap operas, at Rede Globo, a
Brazilian TV channel – performed by women from different social classes. Seeking to handle with the
social usages of the soap opera, mainly to its role of perception and conformation of the life style
experienced in the daily life have been observed. In order to articulate a theory of social/cultural matrix and
a communicative matrix, two main theoretical-analytical axes have been worked: the Bourdieu sociology
(habitus, distinction, life style, capitals, body class) and the Latin-American reception studies (Map of the
Communicative Mediations of the Culture of Martín-Barbero ([1998] 2003). Through a critical
appropriation of the so-called nocturnal map (RONSINI, 2011, 2016), the analytical stage is divided by two
scopes. To contextualize the soap opera that composes the corpus of this work, the representations of class
and distinctive processes presented in A Regra do Jogo have been examined through the technicality
mediation. For the reception sphere, the uses and (re)appropriation of class presented in the representations
of class produced by soap operas have been comprehended into: 1) sociality, to capture the ways of being
and the life style of the receptors and 2) rituality, seeking to embrace the ways of seeing and interpreting
the soap opera. The epistemology of the investigation follows the Critical Studies of Reception (RONSINI,
2011), through a prolonged fieldwork with the informants. The results show that the feminine
representations of A Regra do Jogo – connected to the traditional notions of motherhood and conjugal love,
of women that work but does not leave the administration of the house, in addition taking body and beauty
care – are interpreted by receptors of all social classes being the ones who best represent the Brazilian
women. However, there are some divergences in these interpretations: while the receptors by upper and
middle classes believe the poor characters are well represented by the materiality of a popular life style in
the language, appearance, little clothing and gestures; the receptors of the popular classes criticize strongly
the vulgar clothing, the grammatical mistakes, the promiscuous behavior and the absence of insertion of
those characters in working and study environments. These data points that different interpretation of the
class and gender representations produced at A Regra do Jogo engage in the processes of identification and
disidentification of the informants with life style that demarcate the distinctions among the classes. All the
informants disidentify themselves with the life style of the characters who are considered “vulgar”,
“cheesy”, “showy” and “flamboyant”: the receptors of upper and middle classes, justly because they
believe these characteristics reflect the reality of popular classes outside the TV, they do not represent
them, while the popular class women do not recognize themselves in those representations and that is why
they reject them. All of them identify and/or Project themselves in the feminine representations that are
“elegant”, “fancy”, “workers”, “fighters”, “good mothers” and “beautiful”: mostly the characters who do
not belong to the popular area.<br>Esta tese é um estudo comparativo de recepção de telenovela realizado com 8 mulheres de classe média
alta, média classe média e classe popular (média baixa e baixa) -, residentes em Santa Maria, Rio Grande
do Sul. O viés social da presente pesquisa é a classe social, entendida como mediação chave para a
compreensão dos entrelaçamentos entre mídia e contextos socioculturais. Nosso objetivo é compreender as
semelhanças e as diferenças na leitura das representações de classe e processos distintivos presentes na
narrativa de A Regra do Jogo (2015/2016), do horário das 21h, da Rede Globo, realizada por mulheres de
diferentes classes sociais. Buscando dar conta dos usos sociais da telenovela, atentamos principalmente
para seu papel na percepção e conformação do estilo de vida experimentado no cotidiano. A fim de
articular uma teoria de matriz social/cultural e uma de matriz comunicativa, trabalhamos com dois eixos
teórico-analíticos principais: a sociologia bourdiana (habitus, distinção, estilo de vida, capitais, corpo de
classe) e os estudos de recepção latino-americanos (Mapa das Mediações Comunicativas da Cultura de
Martín-Barbero ([1998] 2003). Através de uma apropriação crítica do também chamado mapa noturno
(RONSINI 2011, 2016), a etapa analítica é dividida em dois âmbitos. Para contextualizar a telenovela que
compõe nosso corpus, examinamos as representações de classe e processos distintivos presentes em A
Regra do Jogo através da mediação da tecnicidade. Para a esfera da recepção buscamos compreender os
usos e (re)apropriações das representações de classe presentes na referida telenovela através das mediações:
1) da socialidade, a fim de captar os modos de ser e o estilo de vida das receptoras e 2) da ritualidade,
buscando abarcar os modos de ver e os modos de ler a telenovela. A epistemologia da nossa investigação
segue os Estudos Críticos de Recepção (RONSINI, 2011), através de um trabalho de campo prolongado
com nossas informantes. Nossos resultados demonstram que as representações femininas de A Regra do
Jogo - ligadas às noções tradicionais de maternidade e amor conjugal, da mulher que trabalha, mas não
deixa de administrar o espaço doméstico, além de se dedicar aos cuidados do corpo e da beleza - são lidas
pelas receptoras de todas as classes sociais como aquelas que melhor representam as mulheres brasileiras.
Há, contudo, algumas divergências nessas leituras: enquanto as receptoras das frações alta e média da
classe média acreditam que as personagens pobres são bem representadas pela materialidade de um estilo
de vida popular na linguagem, na aparência, nas - poucas - roupas e nos gestos; as receptoras da classe
popular criticam veemente a vestimenta “vulgar”, os erros gramaticais, o comportamento promíscuo e a
ausência da inserção dessas personagens em ambientes de trabalho e estudo. Esses dados apontam que as
diferentes leituras das representações de classe e gênero produzidas na narrativa de A Regra do Jogo
tomam parte nos processos de identificação e desidentificação das informantes com os estilos de vida que
demarcam as distinções entre as classes. Todas as informantes se desidentificam com o estilo de vida das
personagens consideradas “vulgares”, “bregas”, “chamativas” e “extravagantes”: as receptoras da alta e
média classe média, justamente por acreditarem que essas características refletem a realidade das classes
populares fora das telas, logo, não as representam, enquanto as de classe popular não se reconhecem nessas
representações dominantes das mulheres pobres, e por isso, as rejeitam. Todas elas se identificam e/ou se
projetam nas representações femininas que são “elegantes”, “chiques”, “trabalhadoras”, “batalhadoras”,
“boas mães” e “bonitas”: majoritariamente aquelas personagens que não pertencem aos setores populares.
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Strandberg, Felix. "Fellowship and the Ring : Character Traits, Motivations and Class in The Lord of the Rings, the Novel Versus the Film Trilogy." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-61658.
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In this essay, I analyse the characters of Frodo and Aragorn in Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings and Peter Jackson’s film trilogy in order to see if traits and relationships are consistent between the novel and the films. Any changes in characters and the ways they interact in relationships entail changes not only to the overarching narrative, but potentially to the most important themes of the story: friendship and heroism. This is important for the general discourse on the films as adaptations, since they have been accused of not being true to the thematic core of the source material. Peter Jackson’s claim that the intention was to always remain true to the spirit of Tolkien’s novel, then necessitates a closer comparison of the two works. Therefore, in investigating the characters I look not only for differences and similarities, but also for the repercussions these have on the story and the potential reasons behind them. By examining the characters from the perspective of the novel, the films and the filmmakers’ commentaries, I discuss how the removal of social class in the films changes the actions of the characters and consequently affects the themes of friendship and heroism. I also bring up the effects of changing from a novel to film as well as the symbiotic relationship between the character traits and the narrative as a whole. This essay shows that though the social class, character traits and the narrative flow are changed in a circular pattern. A closer look at the films reveals that the story’s core themes of friendship and heroism not only remain consistent, but are given more emphasis than in the novel.
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Iglesias, Marisa C. "Secret Servants: Household Domestics and Courtship in Eliza Haywood’s Fiction." Scholar Commons, 2008. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/310.
Full textAbstract:
In Eliza Haywood's fiction, as in eighteenth-century Britain, social restrictions repress the sexual desires of upper class women and men. Therefore, the secret desires of this social class often rely on a different group: domestic servants. Sometimes acting as confidants and other times as active players in the scheming, these servants are privy to the inner secrets of the households in which they live. In Haywood's Love in Excess (1719), Lasselia (1723), Fantomina (1725), and The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless (1751), the servant class plays significant roles in the narratives.
Since the role of the servant is the central issue in my interpretation of Haywood's works, the historical background of the relationship between master and servant in the eighteenth-century is significant to my investigation. Conduct books, a popular genre of the times, were written to offer practical instruction to domestic servants. Haywood's A Present for A Servant Maid; or the Sure Means of gaining Love and Esteem (1743), offers a view of Haywood's own attitude toward the servant class.
In addition to her career as a writer of amorous intrigue, Haywood worked as both actress and playwright, and, because of her experience, elements of the stage can be seen in her works. I explore the influence of the theatre in Haywood's fiction and connect it to the prominent role of servants in her work.
Though Haywood demonstrates that the servants' loyalty can be bought for the highest price, they are not ruled by the same sexual passion as are their employers. This area is of particular interest to my study. I explore whether the motive of financial gain is greater than sexual desire, or whether it is an awareness that aristocrats are not truly available to the servant class that accounts for the differences in erotic responses. Additionally, I explore how servants affect Haywood's narrative by acting as agents of change and argue that the social restrictions placed on the upper class and the awareness of the sexual freedoms the servant class bring master and servant closer together.
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Zhang, Liang. ""Fleximers" design and synthesis of a new class novel shape-modified nucleosides." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26207.
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Cheah, Wai Ching Chemistry Faculty of Science UNSW. "Synthesis of a novel class of peptide mimics derived from N-acylisatins." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Chemistry, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41456.
Full textAbstract:
The primary aim of this thesis was to synthesize a new class of peptide mimics derived from N-acylisatins and to investigate various methodologies for their synthesis. N-Acetylisatin 15 and its derivatives 39 and 40 were found to undergo facile nucleophilic ring-opening with amino acid esters yielding a range of 2-acetamidophenylglyoxylamide derivatives in moderate to good yields. This type of reaction was also found to work for di- and tripeptide methyl ester hydrochlorides leading to a range of N-glyoxylamide peptide mimics. The methodology of the reaction conditions was further extended to N,N′-oxalyl bisisatins 17 and 134, and 1,3,5-tris(2,3-dioxoindoline-1-carbonyl)benzene 168 substrates and their reaction with amino acid esters gave a new range of C,C′-linked-bis-glyoxylamide peptide mimics and C,C′,C′′-linked tris-glyoxylamide peptide mimics respectively. Meanwhile, reactions of N-acylisatins with 1,10-diaminodecane 155 and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine 167 gave the corresponding bis and tris-glyoxylamides. In the event of introducing amino acids at the N-1 position of isatin 9, a range of NH protecting groups for the synthesis of N-protected amino acid acyl isatins 193 were examined. It was found that the phthalamido group, e.g. phthaloylglycine 197, was the best protecting group for the introduction of a glycine unit at the N-1 position of isatin 9. Additionally, a viable and interesting alternative approach utilizing N-succinyl acylisatin 158 as the starting material was also demonstrated. In continuation of our interest in the peptidomimetic approach, a new class of cyclic peptide mimics using Grubbs?? ring-closing metathesis approach was also successfully synthesized. A range of bis-O-allyl substrates 237, 240, 242 and 246 were prepared from reaction of the corresponding N-acylisatins with L-valine allyl ester hydrochloride 236 and 1,10- diaminodecane 155 respectively. High conversion yields of the target macrocyclic systems 238, 241 and 243 were observed when the bis-Oallyl substrates were irradiated with Hoveyda-Grubb catalyst in a microwave reactor. These latter studies will provide a synthetically versatile platform for the future design of potential new drugs candidates against Gram-positive bacterial infections
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Ao, Wanyuan. "Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-45 defines a novel class of myosin-associated proteins." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60271.pdf.
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Cheng, Jianhua. "Characterisation of novel genes in the human major histocompatibility class III region." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303606.
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Modi, Chetna. "Structure selective DNA recognition by a novel class of polycyclic acridine derivatives." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395583.
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Forward, Jason Andrew. "Mechanism of a novel class periplasmic binding protein dependent solute transport system." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389733.
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