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MacCoinnich, Aonghas. "Tùs gu Iarlachd : eachdraidh Clann Choinnich, c1466-1638." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430393.
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This thesis examines the emergence and establishment of the Mackenzie clan and the Earls of Seaforth. It details their rise to power from a relatively disadvantaged starting point as a fractured clan at the end of the 15th century until their rise to regional dominance was capped with an earldom in the early 17th century. It has long been known that the clan ‘history,’ based on 17th century writings, the mainstay of accepted Mackenzie ‘history,’ was unreliable, particularly for the sub 1500 period. This thesis, therefore, is based as far as possible on contemporaneous source material, both printed and manuscript. It questions not only the veracity of the earlier ‘histories,’ but also examines the motives and aims of the 17th century writers. The vexed question of the origins of the clan is revisited together with the nature of Mackenzie relations with Clan Donald. The Highland policy of successive Stewart monarchs (James IV-James VI) is evaluated, together with their treatment of Ross, Àird Meadhanach and the place of the Mackenzie clan within this wider framework. The nature of clanship is also considered. What was a Highland ‘clan’? Some attention is paid to the structure of the clan, the establishment of cadet branches and also to the mechanisms employed for strengthening it such as endogamous and exogamous fosterage and marriage arrangements. Clan economic initiatives are explored particularly in relation to fishing and iron working. The Mackenzies, themselves successful planters, sought to acquire outside expertise to develop their ‘colony,’ or perhaps ‘plantation’ on Lewis. The Mackenzies, well aware of the colonial tendencies exhibited by their Scots, English and Dutch neighbours, sought, it will be argued, to bend these groups to their own advantage while retaining ‘native’ control of these projects. This thesis is written in Gaelic.
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Kingston, Simon. "The political development of Ulster and the Lordship of the Isles 1394 - 1499." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389971.
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Taillet, Maurice. "Potentialités et évolution comparative d'une partie de la vallée du Clain (commune de Jaunay-Clan) ou potentialités de Jaunay-Clan évolution comparative /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610124v.
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Dossou-Yovo, Koffi. "Gouvernance et contrat psychologique en contexte clanique : cas de la Société Béninoise d'Energie Electrique (SBEE) et du Conseil National des Chargeurs du Bénin (CNCB), deux entreprises publiques." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1113/document.
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La présente thèse est un essai de compréhension de la transgression récurrente du cadre de « bonne gouvernance », imposé par la Banque Mondiale, face au constat des mauvais résultats des entreprises publiques béninoises (ancien Dahomey). Elle tente donc de répondre à une question : pourquoi les mécanismes, procédures et règles établis sont-ils en permanence transgressés dans le secteur public ? Répondre à cette question permet de saisir les causes de l’éloignement des entreprises de la performance mobilisée, dans ce contexte, sous le prisme de l’efficacité socio-économique, de la satisfaction des clients-usagers et de la rationalisation des ressources. Cette recherche se fonde sur l’idée que les méthodes de gestion doivent s’inscrire dans le cadre socioculturel et mobilise la notion de clan comme servant de base à la formation du contrat psychologique des fournisseurs et des employés des entreprises publiques dans les commandes publiques d’une part et les relations d’emploi d’autre part. Ce contrat psychologique favorise les transgressions du cadre de « bonne gouvernance ». Il a été question d’explorer, à la SBEE et au CNCB, si les logiques claniques fondent ou non les contrats psychologiques, propices aux transgressions, ce qui éloigne ces entreprises de la performance. Des interviews conduites auprès des parties prenantes des achats publics (fournisseurs, organes de passation internes à l’entreprise) et de l’emploi (personnels, dirigeants), de l’exploitation des documents collectés et de la narration des faits observés, il ressort que l’entreprise publique est perçue comme un clan. Aussi, cohabitent les clans politique, ethnique et familial de même que le « paternalisme adoptif » dont les logiques d’action comportent les transgressions entraînant la mauvaise utilisation des ressources publiques et l’insatisfaction des clients-usagers. Toutefois, le phénomène du clan n’est pas exclusif. La perception des entreprises publiques par les différents acteurs de même que la bonne foi de gens, désireux d’apporter leur expertise en vue de sortir du chômage, sont aussi parfois la base des contrats psychologiques. Il arrive, en général, que le contrat psychologique fasse l’objet de rupture, ce qui est à l’origine de grandes déceptions. Cette situation peut ne pas être définitive. A force de lutte, d’espoir ou à l’avènement d’un nouveau directeur, leurs anciennes attentes/promesses peuvent être restaurées, ce qui correspond à une reprise du contrat psychologique. La performance des entreprises publiques est, en premier lieu, clanique en sus de la recherche de la satisfaction de besoins physiologiques par du travail honnête, ce que l’environnement peut corrompre. L’éloignement des entreprises publiques de la performance est donc favorisé par un ensemble de facteurs convergents dont le clan, la représentation de l’entreprise comme « une manne à se distribuer » puis la recherche de la sécurité d’emploi dans un contexte marqué par le chômage. Quelles sont les solutions aux transgressions ? - En premier lieu, le recul effectif du pouvoir politique des entreprises publiques par l’intégration des administrateurs extérieurs, bien que ne participant pas au capital est une solution. - Permettre au conseil d’administration de jouer son plein rôle. - Il est impossible d’exclure les clans et leurs logiques. Toutefois, ils ne devraient pas exister au détriment des intérêts de la collectivité nationale. Ainsi, est-il utile de remettre le travail, l’équité la contribution individuelle et collective au cœur de l’éducation nationale. - Les règles d’organisation existantes pourraient être évaluées, de nouvelles règles élaborées suivant le principe de l’« inclusiveness » puis mises en œuvre. - Assurer leur bonne diffusion/internalisation et la surveillance collective de leur mise en œuvre. - Les objectifs communs de performance devront être définis et atteints ensemblesThis thesis is an understanding of the recurring transgression of testing the framework of "good governance" imposed by the World Bank, opposite the finding of bad results Beninese public enterprises (former Dahomey). So it tries to answer a question: why are the mechanisms established, procedures and rules constantly violated in the public sector? Answering this question captures the causes of the remoteness of used performance businesses, in this context, from the perspective of socio-economic efficiency, user-customers satisfaction and good use of resources. This research is based on the idea that management practices must be part of the socio-cultural context and mobilizes the notion of clan as providing the basis for the formation of the suppliers and employees psychological contract of public companies in public procurement on the one hand, and employment relationships on the other. This promotes the context of transgressions of "good governance". There has been talk of exploring, SBEE and CNCB, if the clan logic based or not psychological contracts, prone transgressions, what separates these companies from performance.From Interviews conducted with stakeholders in public procurement (suppliers, internal organs award to the company) and employment relations (personal, leaders), operation of the documents collected within companies and narration of observed facts, it appears that the public company is represented as a clan. Also coexist political, ethnic and family clans as the "adoptive paternalism" whose action logics include transgressions involving the misuse of public resources and the dissatisfaction of the users-customers. However, the clan is not exclusive. The perception of public enterprises by the various stakeholders as well as the good faith of people, eager to bring their expertise to get out of unemployment, determine the psychological contracts. It happens, in general, that the psychological contract is subject to rupture, which is the source of great disappointment. This may not be definitive. With a fight of strength, hope or the advent of a new director, their former expectations / promises can be restored, corresponding to a recovery of the psychological contract. The performance of public enterprises is first of all, clanic. But, looking for the satisfaction of physiological needs by honest work is poorly exploited. The remoteness of public enterprises performance is enhanced by a set of converging factors including the clan, company representation as "a godsend to distribute" then search for job security in an unemployment context and particularly the fear of unemployment. On the factors listed above, what are the solutions to the transgressions? - First, the decline of the state of governance of public enterprises through the integration of outside directors, although not participating in their capital. - It is impossible to exclude the clan logic. However, the organizational rules must be implemented and the common goals of performance must be set and achieved together. - Develop the new rules on the principle of inclusiveness, ensure their proper dissemination / internalization and collective monitoring of their implementation. - Focus on work values and contribution to the nation. As perspective, research on the performance of public enterprises is based on the reality of the clan and representations help to better define the objectives to make them feasible
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Doyle, Thomas Martin. "Increasing state capacity through clans." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1957301341&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1269878919&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 23, 2010). Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print.
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Krupa, Meaghan Lynne. "Clans and Democracy: A Mismatch?" Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/515.
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Thesis advisor: Kathleen BaileyClans are often viewed anachronistically in a world characterized by globalization. Yet, recent research highlights that clans not only determine how societies function, but play a central political role in many parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Central Asia. My analysis focuses on exploring clan alliances and their affect on the international system through the case of Uzbekistan. Clans and Democracy: A Mismatch? explores the presence of clans in Uzbekistan, deciphers to what extent they remain involved in politics, and determines how clan politics affects Uzbekistan's future prospects for democratization. I conclude that clans continue to influence the political decision-making of the state and ultimately hinder democracy formation. In closing, I explore predications for the future stability and democracy of Uzbekistan, as well as suggest policy prescriptions for the United States vis-à-vis Uzbekistan and other clan-based states
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: International Studies
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Doxtator, Deborah. "What happened to the Iroquois clans?, a study of clans in three nineteenth century Rotinonhsyonni communities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21284.pdf.
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Gotz, Marion Gabriele. "Design, synthesis, and evaluation of irreversible peptidyl inhibitors for clan CA and clan CD cysteine proteases." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8072.
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Cysteine proteases are a class of proteolytic enzymes, which are involved in a series of metabolic and catabolic processes, such as protein turnover, digestion, blood coagulation, apoptosis, fertilization and cell differentiation, and the immune response system. The development of novel potent and selective inhibitors for cysteine proteases has therefore gained increasing attention among medicinal chemists. In this thesis we have reported the design, synthesis, and evaluation of several peptidyl inhibitors for clan CA and clan CD cysteine proteases.
We have continued the investigation of dipeptidyl vinyl sulfones as potent and selective inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI), a lysosomal cysteine protease, which is involved in the processing of intracellular proteases, such as granzymes. We have found that DPPI tolerates negatively charged amino acid residues in the P2 position with inhibition rates of 7,600 M-1s-1. Dipeptidyl vinyl sulfones with positively charged amino acid residues at the P1 position, however, do not inhibit DPPI at all.
A second project focused on the epoxidation of the double bond of the vinyl sulfone moiety of the dipeptidyl vinyl sulfones. Instead of epoxidizing the double bond, we found that an isomerization had occurred. The newly formed compounds were determined to be allyl sulfones. We tested this new class of inhibitors with clan CA proteases and obtained inhibition rates of 560 M-1s-1 for Cbz-Leu-Phe-AS-Ph with calpain I.
Two new classes of compounds for the clan CD protease S. mansoni legumain were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Aza-peptidyl epoxides were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of S. mansoni legumain with IC50’s as low as 45 nM. Aza-peptide Michael acceptors were derived from the aza-peptide epoxide design and synthesized in an analogous fashion. The aza-peptide Michael acceptors inhibited S. mansoni legumain with even lower IC50’s, as low as 10 nM. However, the aza-peptide Michael acceptors react with thioalkylating agents contained in the buffer, such as DTT. The rates of degradation were determined spectroscopically, and half-lives of 3 to 20 minutes were measured. This observation gave us insights into the enzymatic mechanism and allowed us to determine the point of attack for the legumain active site cysteine thiol.
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Götz, Marion Gabriele. "Design, synthesis, and evaluation of irreversible peptidyl inhibitors for clan CA and clan CD cysteine proteases." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-01282004-095929/unrestricted/Gotz%5FMarionG%5F200405%5Fphd2.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004.Dr. Suzanne Shuker, Committee Member ; Dr. Niren Murthy, Committee Member ; Dr. Donald Doyle, Committee Member ; Dr. Nicholas Hud, Committee Member ; Dr. James C. Powers, Committee Chair. Includes bibliographical references.
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Leo, de Belmont Laura Ana. "Seminole kinship system and clan interaction." Mendoza, República Argentina : Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16078022.html.
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Vanarase, Aashay K. "CLAN: Communities in Lexical Associative Networks." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1447070263.
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Geisler, Martin. "Clans, Gilden und gamefamilies soziale Prozesse in Computerspielgemeinschaften." Weinheim München Juventa-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991441613/04.
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Lai, Ka-chun Ken. "Shangdong Clan families and Chinese politics in the sixth century China Shandong da zu yu gong yuan liu shi ji Zhongguo zheng zhi /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31642822.
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Sin, Kwok-wah Genious. "Genteel families of the Southern Dynasties with special reference to the Yanshi jiaxun = Cong "Yan shi jia xun" kan Nan Zhao shi zu de bian qian = /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31685195.
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Charles, Clément Séverin. "Les Mahafale de l'Onilahy des clans au royaume du XVIe siècle à la conquête coloniale, sud-ouest de Madagascar." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596617w.
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Farah, Caesar E. "The politics of interventionism in Ottoman Lebanon, 1830-1861 /." Oxford : London ; New York : Centre for Lebanese studies ; I.B. Tauris, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377113553.
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Guillemard, Nicolas. "L'identité kanak, du clan à la nation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51143.pdf.
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Taillet, Maurice. "Potentialités de Jaunay-Clan (Vienne) : évolution comparative." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010657.
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Lai, Ka-chun Ken, and 賴家俊. "Shangdong Clan Families and Chinese politics in the sixthcentury China =." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31642822.
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Millar, Tarek Lawson. "Synthesis and evaluation of CA clan cysteine inhibitors." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1911.
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This investigation involved the synthesis of potential CA clan cysteine inhibitors of m-calpain and cathepsin B. Inhibitors 2.1.3a-j were based on the SJA-6017 construct containing the N-(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl) moiety at the P₃ address region. The inhibitor 2.1.3k was based on CAT-0059 a novel dipeptide dialdehyde inhibitor containing the 5-formyl pyrrole moiety at the P₃ address region. Chapter 1 introduces proteases in particular m-calpain and cathepsin B implicated in human pathologies cataract and tumour metastasis respectably. Structure, disease processes and known inhibitors for m-calpain and cathepsin B are presented and described. The chapter also describes drug design and rational including the requirement of the β-strand conformation for enzyme substrate binding. Chapter 2 details the synthesis of m-calpain and cathepsin B inhibitors, N-(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl) peptide aldehyde 2.1.3a-j and the dipeptide dialdehyde 2.1.3k. The synthesis involved the preparation of the N-(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl) α-amino acids 2.1.8a-f, the N-(4-fluorobenzenesulfonyl) peptide esters of 2.1.10a-g, the peptide alcohols 2.1.11a-k and the peptide aldehydes 2.1.3a-k. Specific coupling reagents for amide bond formation are also discussed. The oxidation of the alcohols 2.1.11a-k with sulfur trioxide and pyridine complex are also addressed. The results from molecular modelling and enzymatic assays of the inhibitors 2.1.3a-k with m-calpain and cathepsin B are presented and discussed.
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Head, James Norman. "Fragmentation and ejection of the martian clan meteorites." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284015.
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I have used the SALE2D hydrocode to study spall in impacts into layered terrains. Application of my results to the problem of martian meteorite provenance resolves two outstanding paradoxes. First, the minimum size crater previously thought to be required to eject martian meteorites is so large (12 km) that it is highly unlikely such an event occurred on shergottite age terrain in the last few million years. The geochemical evidence supports four launch events. This issue I have resolved by establishing a new lower limit to the minimum size crater of 3 km. Second, the martian meteorites are dominated by shergottites (62%) which come from the youngest and apparently rarest martian terrains. The vast majority of Mars appears to be under represented. This paradox lies on the false premise that all terrains are equally efficient in launching material during an impact. I have found that the presence of a weak, low density layer suppresses spall velocity and increases shock pressures in an impact. Since the regolith on Mars can be expected to be largely impact-generated, the older terrains are covered by a greater depth of regolith. Qualitatively, older terrains are under represented in the martian meteorites because they require larger (rarer) impacts to launch material into space. I have shown this quantitatively for shergottites, nakhlites, and Chassigny. An extension of my work provides some constraints on the extent of martian ancient terrain.
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Bjäreholt, Johan. "RISC-V Compiler Performance:A Comparison between GCC and LLVM/clang." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14659.
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RISC-V is a new open-source instruction set architecture (ISA) that in De-cember 2016 manufactured its rst mass-produced processors. It focuses onboth eciency and performance and diers from other open-source architec-tures by not having a copyleft license permitting vendors to freely design,manufacture and sell RISC-V chips without any fees nor having to sharetheir modications on the reference implementations of the architecture.The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of the GCC andLLVM/clang compilers support for the RISC-V target and their ability tooptimize for the architecture. The performance will be evaluated from ex-ecuting the CoreMark and Dhrystone benchmarks are both popular indus-try standard programs for evaluating performance on embedded processors.They will be run on both the GCC and LLVM/clang compilers on dierentoptimization levels and compared in performance per clock to the ARM archi-tecture which is mature yet rather similar to RISC-V. The compiler supportfor the RISC-V target is still in development and the focus of this thesis willbe the current performance dierences between the GCC and LLVM com-pilers on this architecture. The platform we will execute the benchmarks onwil be the Freedom E310 processor on the SiFive HiFive1 board for RISC-Vand a ARM Cortex-M4 processor by Freescale on the Teensy 3.6 board. TheFreedom E310 is almost identical to the reference Berkeley Rocket RISC-Vdesign and the ARM Coretex-M4 processor has a similar clock speed and isaimed at a similar target audience.The results presented that the -O2 and -O3 optimization levels on GCCfor RISC-V performed very well in comparison to our ARM reference. Onthe lower -O1 optimization level and -O0 which is no optimizations and -Oswhich is -O0 with optimizations for generating a smaller executable code sizeGCC performs much worse than ARM at 46% of the performance at -O1,8.2% at -Os and 9.3% at -O0 on the CoreMark benchmark with similar resultsin Dhrystone except on -O1 where it performed as well as ARM. When turn-ing o optimizations (-O0) GCC for RISC-V was 9.2% of the performanceon ARM in CoreMark and 11% in Dhrystone which was unexpected andneeds further investigation. LLVM/clang on the other hand crashed whentrying to compile our CoreMark benchmark and on Dhrystone the optimiza-tion options made a very minor impact on performance making it 6.0% theperformance of GCC on -O3 and 5.6% of the performance of ARM on -O3, soeven with optimizations it was still slower than GCC without optimizations.In conclusion the performance of RISC-V with the GCC compiler onthe higher optimization levels performs very well considering how young theRISC-V architecture is. It does seems like there could be room for improvement on the lower optimization levels however which in turn could also pos-sibly increase the performance of the higher optimization levels. With theLLVM/clang compiler on the other hand a lot of work needs to be done tomake it competetive in both performance and stability with the GCC com-piler and other architectures. Why the -O0 optimization is so considerablyslower on RISC-V than on ARM was also very unexpected and needs furtherinvestigation.
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Chalmers, Alan Gordon. "The monitor and synchroniser concepts in the programming language CLANG." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006132.
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Lin, Shiou-Cheh. "La domination du clan impérial dans le grand Ulus de l'empire mongol (1206-1368) : état et domination du clan mongol en Chine." Paris, INALCO, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INAL0011.
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Cathcart, Alison. "Kinship and clientage : Highland clanship 1451-1609 /." Leiden : Brill, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40163033k.
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Hajj, Jimmy. "Le rôle des oligarchies communautaires dans le développement local : étude des représentations dans le caza de Jezzine." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH024.
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Trois décennies ont passé depuis l’accord de paix entre les Libanais au terme de la guerre civile commencée en 1975. L’accord de Taëf a adopté l’application de la décentralisation administrative pour favoriser le développement local au Liban. Les conférences internationales de financement du Liban (Paris 3, CEDRE, …) qui ont généré des dons et des prêts conditionnés à des réformes structurelles dont une nécessaire gouvernance locale fait partie afin de renforcer la participation des municipalités et des habitants.Ce développement économique des territoires régionaux libanais dépend du pouvoir des familles claniques féodales. Depuis des siècles, ces anciennes familles détiennent les ressources de production et ont la mainmise sur la gouvernance territoriale. Ces familles se partagent le territoire du Liban et leurs tractations conditionnent les règles d’une démocratie consensuelle. Chaque famille gouverne son fief et joue le jeu des influences politiques et de la protection de sa communauté confessionnelle pour influencer les instances politiques nationales. La logique communautaire de la société libanaise avec sa mosaïque de 18 groupes confessionnels répartis sur un petit territoire est entretenue par les familles claniques qui se présentent comme les protectrices de leur communauté. Le clientélisme est leur moyen de leur maintien au pouvoir. Dans cette perspective, ce système de gouvernance est devenu pour les politiciens un leurre sociopolitique.Notre thèse contribue à une lecture socio-politico-économique de l’influence de ces grandes familles sur le développement économique du caza de Jezzine.Dans le cadre de cette recherche on étudie l’application des notions de gouvernance territoriale, de décentralisation, des autorités traditionnelles ainsi que celle du développement économique local. Après une analyse de la littérature existante sur ces thèmes, nous avons conduit une analyse en deux volets afin de construire un modèle avec les variables impliquées dans le développement à Jezzine : une étude qualitative exploratoire par l’analyse d’entretiens avec des représentants de la société jezzinoise et une étude quantitative confirmatoire par questionnaire. Cette thèse éclaire la dynamique sociopolitique territoriale des familles claniques féodales à Jezzine, mais aussi les liens avec la gouvernance nationale. Le modèle final obtenu comprend 20 variables indépendantes et montre que ces grandes familles claniques forment une variable médiatrice pour expliquer le développement économique local du caza de Jezzine. Ceci nous permettra d’élaborer des pistes sur l’impact d’une telle démarche de décentralisation appliquée au LibanThree decades have passed since the peace agreement among the Lebanese at the end of the civil war, started in 1975. The Taef agreement adopted the administrative decentralization to promote local development in Lebanon. The international fundraising conferences for Lebanon (Paris 3, CEDRE, ...) that generated donations and conditioned loans linked to structural reforms such as a necessary local governance to strengthen the participation of municipalities and inhabitants.This economic development of Lebanese local territories depends on the power of feudal clan families. For centuries, these ancient families hold the means of production and have control over the local governance. The territory of Lebanon is controlled by these families, their alliances, and their political confessional practices called by them a “consensual democracy”. Each family gains its political influences over the national political authorities through its objective of “protecting its confessional community”. So, the community-based logic of Lebanese society with its mosaic of 18 sectarian groups spread over a small territory is maintained by the clan families who present themselves as the protectors of their community. Political patronage is their way of keeping them in power. In this perspective, this system of governance has become for Lebanese traditional politicians a socio-political decoy.Our thesis contributes to a socio-politico-economical reading of the influence of these large families on the economic development of the caza of Jezzine.We studied the implementation of the notions of territorial governance, decentralization, traditional authorities as well as local economic development. After an analysis of the existing literature on these topics, we conducted two-part analysis to build a model with the variables involved in the development in Jezzine: an exploratory qualitative study conducted through interviews with the representatives of Jezzine society, and a confirmatory quantitative questionnaire-based study. This thesis illuminates the socio-political territorial dynamics of the feudal clan families in Jezzine, and their interrelations with the national governance. The final model obtained includes 20 independent variables and shows that these large clan families form a mediating variable to explain the local economic development of the caza of Jezzine. This will allow us to elaborate on the impact of such a decentralization process applied to Lebanon
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Cathcart, Alison. "Patterns of kinship and clanship : the Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan, 1291 to 1609." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU602030.
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Highland history of the middle ages continues to be regarded generally as separate from the history of the Lowlands, as well as the political history of Scotland. To a large extent, the perception of two distinct societies within Scotland during this period has been swept aside, but few moves have been made to integrate fully the history of clanship into that of Scotland as a whole. This case study of the Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan seeks to examine clanship from a sociological as well as a historical perspective. Kinship was a fundamental characteristic of clan society, but these relationships were not limited to blood relatives. The creation of Active kinship through ties of customary obligation within a clan reinforced clan solidarity and cohesion, a vital factor for the geographically disparate Clan Chattan confederation. Within the locality, Active kinship was established by the contraction of more formal alliances which had social, political and economic objectives. The creation of these relationships enabled the clan to survive and expand. For central Highland clans like the Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan who lived in close geographic proximity to Lowland society, the extension of fictive kinship facilitated easy assimilation across the perceived divide in Scottish society. The realisation on the part of clan chiefs that cordial relations with the crown would be beneficial to the clan as a whole saw a movement throughout the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries towards closer integration with Lowland society. This examination of clanship places the history of the Highlands into a wider political and social context. While clanship was a unique phenomenon within Scotland, it should not be examined in isolation, but rather as an integral part of Scottish political life.
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Brauer, Kai. "Bowling together : Clan, Clique, Community und die Strukturprinzipien des Sozialkapitals /." Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/477540546.pdf.
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Letsoalo, Ngoanamogale Maggie. "An investigation into some traditional rites among the Letsoalo clan." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/855.
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Hurdle, E. J. "Stratigraphy, structure and metamorphism of Archean rocks, Clan Lake, N.W.T." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4875.
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Lara, Francisco. "Insurgents, clans, and states : political legitimacy and resurgent conflict in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551330.
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At the core of this thesis is a puzzle concerning processes of political and institutional change in Mindanao since the peace agreement in 1996: why did politico-military actors who enjoyed widespread legitimacy during decades of conflict fail to maintain legitimacy and sustain their political authority after gaining access to sub-national state power? The establishment of separatist insurgents in the "autonomous" government created in Muslim Mindanao failed to realise the promise of lasting peace or developmental progress. The problem in understanding what happened in Mindanao can be traced to prevailing notions of political legitimacy that are often bereft of political economy foundations. The thesis argues that explanations, which understand legitimacy purely in terms of democratic institutions, are inadequate because they ignore the local institutional foundations from which legitimacy evolves. Drawing upon 18 months of fieldwork in Mindanao, and using a combination of life histories, case studies, archival material and descriptive statistics, the thesis examines the multiple institutions that shaped political legitimacy, revealing how clan institutions trumped other institutional sources of legitimacy. Insurgents who surrendered their anns in exchange for formal authority could not compete with powerful clans who delivered basic security; relied on increasing amounts of internal revenue allotments (IRA) under a regime of devolution; and, enabled the spread of a shadow economy that boosted their incomes and allowed local citizens to secure their livelihoods with little taxation by the state. Political authority was achieved through a bargaining process where rulers transacted mutually beneficial arrangements with elite groups and embedded these within a larger social contract with citizens that addressed their demand for security and the basic conditions for economic survival. The insights from the case of Mindanao may be relevant to wider debates about the sources of political legitimacy and to understanding similar experiences of autonomous self-government in Southeast Asia.
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Nyagahene, Antoine. "Histoire et peuplement : ethnies, clans et lignages dans le Rwanda ancien et contemporain." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070030.
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Pour mieux decrire l'histoire du peuplement de la region rwandaise, cette etude s'attache a resoudre l'epineuse enigme des clans rwandais. Il demeurait difficile, en effet, de comprendre comment les bahutu, les batutsi et les batwa, qui composent la population rwandaise, sont presentes comme appartenant a des "ethnies" differentes alors qu'ils se retrouvent tous inconditionnellement au sein des memes clans patrilineaires et sont dissemines sur un meme espace territorial. Apres une remise en question de l'historiographie rwandaise a ce sujet, le travail retrace, avec illustrations cartographiques a l'appui, les trajets migratoires des vingt-sept clans identifies, analyse les structures et les caracteristiques internes de ces clans grace aux differents lignages qui les composent, et montre comment les specialisations coutumieres auxquelles ils etaient traditionnellement rattaches, ne presentaient aucun exclusivisme particulier. Suite a une description spatiale exhaustive de ces clans qui depasse le rwanda proprement dit, il est ainsi formellement etabli que les identifications ethniques rwandaises, realites sociologiques mouvantes dans le temps comme dans l'espace, sont nees sur le sol rwandais meme, au sein des identifications claniques qui leur sont, de loin, historiquement anterieures ; ce qui explique pourquoi tous les rwandais aujourd'hui, hutu, tutsi et twa, au-dela de leurs clivages et de leurs conflits, partagent non seulement la meme culture, la meme langue, le meme territoire, mais aussi les memes entites parentales, en l'occurrence les clans et les lignagesFor the best comprehension of the rwandese people's history, the objective of this study is to propose solution to the delicate and critical question of the rwandese clans. It has been always difficult, indeed, to comprehend how the bahutu, batutsi and batwa, which compose the rwandese population, are looked upon as different ethnic groups while they all belong to the same patrilinear clans and occupy same territory. After doubts on the reality of ancient rwandese historiography, this work retraces, with map illustrations in support, migratory influx of twenty-seven clans identified, analyses structures and internal caracteristics of these clans grace to different lineages they are composed of, and demonstrates how the traditional specialisations had not any particular exclusivity. Following a spatial exhaustive description of these clans which by-passed rwanda properly said, its here in after formally established that rwandese ethnical identifications, sociological moving realities with time and space, were born in rwandese territory itself, in the heart of clanic identifications which historically existed since a long time ago ; the thing which explains why all rwandese today, hutu, tutsi and twa, despite cleavages and conflicts, share not only the same culture, same language, same territory, but also the same paternal entities, likewise clans and lineages
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Deksnys, Domininkas. "The Disguised Variable - The Influence of Russian Elite Clans on Russian Foreign Policy." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21399.
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This paper analyzes the influence of Russian elite clans on Russian foreign policy-making. The goal of this paper is to discover the missing link that connects the changes in the International System to the formation of Russian foreign policy, more specifically the Russo-Georgian War, the occupation of Crimea, and the intervention in Syria. Therefore, the theory of neo-classical realism is applied to a systematic process analysis in order to trace the chain of causal relations in which the struggle of elite clans influences foreign policy-making. The combination of neo-realism and state capacity analysis complements the approach of neo-classical realism. This paper argues that the beliefs of the elite clans play an important role in shaping Russia’s foreign policy. The elite clans struggle to establish themselves and consolidate their power within the Russian government structures, which affected the shift from pragmatism and a multipolar approach to a transimperialist approach in Russian foreign policy.
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Martinez, Arroyo Gabriel Ernesto. "Cu2cl: a Cuda-To-Opencl Translator for Multi- and Many-Core Architectures." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34233.
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The use of graphics processing units (GPUs) in high-performance parallel computing continues to steadily become more prevalent, often as part of a heterogeneous system. For years, CUDA has been the de facto programming environment for nearly all general-purpose GPU (GPGPU) applications. In spite of this, the framework is available only on NVIDIA GPUs, traditionally requiring reimplementation in other frameworks in order to utilize additional multi- or many-core devices. On the other hand, OpenCL provides an open and vendor-neutral programming environment and run-time system. With implementations available for CPUs, GPUs, and other types of accelerators, OpenCL therefore holds the promise of a â write once, run anywhereâ ecosystem for heterogeneous computing.
Given the many similarities between CUDA and OpenCL, manually porting a CUDA application to OpenCL is almost straightforward, albeit tedious and error-prone. In response to this issue, we created CU2CL, an automated CUDA-to-OpenCL source-to-source translator that possesses a novel design and clever reuse of the Clang compiler framework. Currently, the CU2CL translator covers the primary constructs found in the CUDA Runtime API, and we have successfully translated several applications from the CUDA SDK and Rodinia benchmark suite. CU2CLâ s translation times are reasonable, allowing for many applications to be translated at once. The number of manual changes required after executing our translator on CUDA source is minimal, with some compiling and working with no changes at all. The performance of our automatically translated applications via CU2CL is on par with their manually ported counterparts.Master of Science
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Moore, Nathaniel. "A network of assurance and security the evolving role of clans in Somali society /." Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28386.
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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 40 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-40). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Walsh, Sean. "'Our lineal descents and clans' : John Dryden's 'Fables, ancient and modern' and the 1690s." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433290.
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Tanden, Diarra Joseph. "Et si l'ethnie Bo n'existait pas ? : lignages, clans, identité ethnique et société de frontières /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb412005548.
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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Paris I-Panthéon Sorbonne, 2006. Titre de soutenance : Introduction à l'histoire du peuplement du pays bo du nord-ouest : Mali.Bibliogr. p. 459-481.
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Kasturi, Malavika. "The social history of the Rajput clans in colonial north India, circa 1800-1900." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627196.
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Samuels, Jonathan. "Tamang clan culture and its relevance to the archaic culture of Tibet." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669727.
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Hurn, Samantha. "Clan of the fox? : 'hunting' subculture in a rural Welsh farming community." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444201/.
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This thesis considers the relationships between the human and non-human animals involved in foxhunting, an activity traditionally dismissed as 'sportive' (and therefore highly immoral) by external commentators. However, in light of five years of fieldwork which involved riding to hounds, working as an agricultural laborer, and breeding, exhibiting and dealing 'livestock' as a member of a farmers' hunt in a rural community in West Wales, I suggest that the foxhunting enacted in this specific context can be regarded as a form of subsistence hunting, even though the quarry itself is not eaten. I argue that once the emotional and embodied experiences of the mounted followers of the hunt in question are understood, their motivations for participating in this activity can be articulated as responses to four key questions what constitutes an animal, what constitutes community, what does it mean to be 'Welsh' and what constitutes normalcy In order to appreciate the importance of these questions, and formulate my own responses alongside those of my informants, I had to experience this way of life in its entirety. This entailed coming to terms with the inescapable fact that while non-human animals were integral to my informants' day-to-day existence, animal death was a more significant reality. Viewed in these terms, 'hunting' took on new meaning, as the duality of life and death in the countryside was negotiated in a sacrificial ritual, and local Welsh farmers reasserted their individual and collective identities in response to external threats. My informants' narratives are interwoven with an account of my own reflexive 'journey' from staunch 'anti' to tolerant sympathizer, an outcome which I had certainly not anticipated, and which makes the conclusions all the more resonant in the current political climate, where 'hunting' is not only widely perceived as 'deviant' but is now also a criminal activity.
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Sathre, Paul Daniel. "On the Complexity of Robust Source-to-Source Translation from CUDA to OpenCL." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52631.
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The use of hardware accelerators in high-performance computing has grown increasingly prevalent, particularly due to the growth of graphics processing units (GPUs) as general-purpose (GPGPU) accelerators. Much of this growth has been driven by NVIDIA's CUDA ecosystem for developing GPGPU applications on NVIDIA hardware. However, with the increasing diversity of GPUs (including those from AMD, ARM, and Qualcomm), OpenCL has emerged as an open and vendor-agnostic environment for programming GPUs as well as other parallel computing devices such as the CPU (central processing unit), APU (accelerated processing unit), FPGA (field programmable gate array), and DSP (digital signal processor).
The above, coupled with the broader array of devices supporting OpenCL and the significant conceptual and syntactic overlap between CUDA and OpenCL, motivated the creation of a CUDA-to-OpenCL source-to-source translator. However, there exist sufficient differences that make the translation non-trivial, providing practical limitations to both manual and automatic translation efforts. In this thesis, the performance, coverage, and reliability of a prototype CUDA-to-OpenCL source translator are addressed via extensive profiling of a large body of sample CUDA applications. An analysis of the sample body of applications is provided, which identifies and characterizes general CUDA source constructs and programming practices that obstruct our translation efforts. This characterization then led to more robust support for the translator, followed by an evaluation that demonstrated the performance of our automatically-translated OpenCL is on par with the original CUDA for a subset of sample applications when executed on the same NVIDIA device.Master of Science
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Moyo, Sipho Dugunye. "Comparative study of clan CA cysteine proteases: an insight into the protozoan parasites." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020309.
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Protozoan infections such as Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Toxoplasmosis, Chaga’s disease and African trypanosomiasis caused by the Plasmodium, Leishmania, Toxoplasma and Trypanosoma genuses respectively; inflict a huge economic, health and social impact in endemic regions particularly tropical and sub-tropical regions. The combined infections are estimated at over a billion annually and approximately 1.1 million deaths annually. The global burden of the protozoan infections is worsened by the increased drug resistance, toxicity and the relatively high cost of treatment and prophylaxis. Therefore there has been a high demand for new drugs and drug targets that play a role in parasite virulence. Cysteine proteases have been validated as viable drug targets due to their role in the infectivity stage of the parasites within the human host. There is a variety of cysteine proteases hence they are subdivided into families and in this study we focus on the clan CA, papain family C1 proteases. The current inhibitors for the protozoan cysteine proteases lack selectivity and specificity which contributes to drug toxicity. Therefore there is a need to identify the differences and similarities between the host, vector and protozoan proteases. This study uses a variety of bioinformatics tools to assess these differences and similarities. The Plasmodium cysteine protease FP-2 is the most characterized protease hence it was used as a reference to all the other proteases and its homologs were retrieved, aligned and the evolutionary relationships established. The homologs were also analysed for common motifs and the physicochemical properties determined which were validated using the Kruskal-Wallis test. These analyses revealed that the host and vector cathepsins share similar properties while the parasite cathepsins differ. At sub-site level sub-site 2 showed greater variations suggesting diverse ligand specificity within the proteases, a revelation that is vital in the design of antiprotozoan inhibitors.
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Mbamba, Mitamba Oswald. "Les usages contemporains des totems au Gabon (population nzèbi)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0054/document.
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L’étude de la relation de l’homme avec la nature n’est pas un fait nouveau, surtout en ce qui concerne le triptyque homme/animaux/plantes. En effet, un bon nombre de travaux réalisés en sciences sociales a permis de mettre à jour différents niveaux de compréhension dans lequel l’humain met en évidence la faune et la flore dans ses activités quotidiennes. C’est le cas de notre sujet qui porte sur les usages et les représentations des totems chez les Nzèbi du Gabon. Toutefois, ce qui fait la richesse d’une recherche c’est avant tout sa spécificité et sa capacité à enrichir la science. Ainsi, notre recherche repose sur les discours et les légendes de la société nzèbi sur ses totems. Cette société qui se trouve repartie dans trois provinces sur les neuf que compte le Gabon, les nzèbi ont gardé une partie importante de leur héritage ancien, notamment celui qui les lie à leurs totems. Basée sur le principe de l’oralité, cette société véhicule l’essentiel des connaissances sur les totems par un enseignement qui se fait en des lieux et des circonstances souvent déterminé dans un cadre traditionnel. Si le totem a toujours fait partie de la cosmogonie nzèbi ; c’est-à-dire depuis la création de l’univers comme le présentent certains récits comme le mythe Koto, qui retrace l’histoire des Nzèbi, mais aujourd’hui, cette société ne vit pas en marge des évolutions contemporaines. C’est dans cette logique que cette étude tente aussi d’apprécier à partir des influences que connaissent les Nzèbi, de faire l’état actuel des usages et des représentations des totems dans la société contemporaine nzèbiThe study of the relation between man and nature is not a new fact, particularly regarding the triptych man / animals / plants. Indeed, many works in social sciences allowed to update various levels of understanding in how the human being highlights the flora and fauna in his daily activities. It is the case of our subject which concerns the uses and the representations of the totems among Nzèbi population, in Gabon. However, what makes the value of a research is the specificity and its capacity to enrich the science. Therefore, our research focuses on the speeches and the legends about totems in the nzèbi society. Nzèbi people which lives in three provinces on nine that count the Gabon, have guarded an important part of their old inheritance, in particular the one who binds them to its totems. Enriched by its oral tradition, this society conveys the main part of their knowledge on the totems by an education which takes place in a traditional frame that is in particular places and circumstances. Totems have always been a key element of the nzèbi cosmogony that is since the creation of the universe to today, as presented in the myth Koto which redraws the history of Nzèbi, but today, this society does not live outside the contemporary evolutions. It is in this perspective that our study also tries to analyse the present issues in nzèbi society, to understand the current state of the uses and the representations of the totems in the nzèbi contempory society
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Tam, Sze Man. "Construction of the "Hou lineage" in the New Territories of Hong Kong : lineage organization, popular religion and local politics /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?HUMA%202003%20TAM.
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Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 221-231). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Warsame, Abdihakim Barre. "Ethnic Prejudice and Discrimination of the Somali Minority Groups : The Image Of The Other As An Enemy." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174834.
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This study aims to investigate how the mechanisms of discrimination, othering, prejudice and enemy imaging work in conflict and non-conflict zones. The study further explored if the informants stories differ when in conflict zones. Enemy images theories were used as the theoretical base to investigate how the Somali majorities construct the enemy image of the Somali minorities (The Somali Bantusand the occupational groups). The aim and research questions are answered through a comparative case study that focuses on interviewing two Somali minority groups (occupational groups and the Bantu Somalis) who have the experience and lived both in Somalia (conflict context) and Somaliland (non conflict context). The result sof the study show that the majority of Somali clans use the delimitation between “them and us” a set of values that separate the two groups and characterize the minority groups as slaves and people of low social, economic, and political status. The majority groups perceive the minority groups as a threat to their assets and corevalues. This is what has been described as "our" and "their" essence, and the final aim, which is to legitimize violence, is clear in the data. While on the other hand, the majority groups referred to themselves as superior. The results indicated that there were no differences and only similarities in the narratives of the minority groups living in both conflict and non-conflict zones. This was an interesting discovery which was against the known and expected ideal. This thesis also suggests other ways of looking at the concept of enemy images suggesting further areas of research where deemed necessary.
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Guiré, Inoussa. "L’alternance de codes entre L1-fulfulde et L2-français dans l’enseignement bilingue du Burkina Faso : des technologies d’analyse linguistique de corpus oraux aux problématiques didactiques." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100185.
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Cette recherche a pour objectif la description outillée de la pratique actuelle de l’alternance codique dans l’interaction orale en classe bilingue au Burkina Faso et de la problématique didactique liée à cette pratique dans une perspective d’amélioration. Dans une démarche de la linguistique de corpus, les outils linguistiques CLAN et Praat sont réadaptés aux investigations en contexte bilingue sur la base des théories formelle et fonctionnelle de la linguistique. Sur trois ans, 20h 36mn de films constitués de séquences de classes et d’entretiens ont été collectées. Le corpus a pris en compte des séquences des cours de disciplines linguistiques et de disciplines non linguistiques dans toutes les classes des écoles visitées. Après une transcription standardisée avec le logiciel CLAN, des codages spécifiques à notre orientation théorique ont été ajoutés à ce logiciel. Le logiciel Praat d’analyse phonétique et acoustique a été associé pour cerner les difficultés phoniques des élèves. De façon générale, au niveau quantitatif, l’emploi de L1 et de L2 tend à suivre les orientations globales officielles du pourcentage d’utilisation du français et des langues locales. Au niveau qualitatif, les résultats font ressortir, de l’analyse de l’alternance codique en interphrastique, en intraphrastique et en extraphrastique, les fonctions linguistiques, discursives, didactiques (chez les enseignants) et acquisitionnelles (chez les élèves). Des propositions d’amélioration des pratiques de classe ont été apportées. Toutes les hypothèses, sur le discours des élèves, des enseignants et sur les logiciels, ont été mises à l’épreuveThis research aims at describing the current practice of code-switching in oral interaction in bilingual classes of Burkina Faso and didactical problems linked to this practice in a perspective of improvement. By a process of corpus linguistics, language tools, CLAN and Praat, are adapted to our bilingual context investigations on the basis of formal and functional theories of linguistics. For three years, 20h 36mn of movies of classroom activities and interviews were collected. The corpus has considered sequences of language arts classes and non-language subjects in all school classes we visited. After a standardized transcription with the CLAN software, specific codings suited to our theoretical orientation have been added to the software. Praat, a phonetic and acoustic analysis software, was associated to analyse pupils phonic difficulties. Quantitatively, the use of L1 and L2 tends to adhere to the official guidelines of the overall percentages of use of French and local languages. Qualitatively, the results of the analysis of inter-sentential, intra-sentential and extra-sentential code-switching highlight the linguistic, discursive, and didactic (for teachers) and acquisitional (for pupils) functions. Proposals for improvements were made. All hypotheses on pupils and teachers discourse, and on the software, have been tested
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Pollock, Natalie. "The incidence of cross-linked actin networks (CLANs)in the trabecular meshwork of the ageing eye." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/14235/.
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Cross-linked Actin Networks (CLANs) were first identified in bovine trabecular meshwork (BTM) cells in response to steroid treatment. Since then, work within our group has identified CLANs in human TM (HTM) cells and human tissue ex vivo. An alteration in the cytoskeleton of TM cells has been associated with changes in outflow facility and is a promising therapeutic target in glaucoma research. CLANs which are believed to make TM cells more rigid, were found in increase numbers in tissue from glaucomatous donors, but were also present in tissue from non-glaucomatous donors. This would indicate that CLAN formation is not merely a steroid response but may be triggered by changes within the outflow system. The current work set out to identify CLAN inducing agents present within the normal outflow system and questioned whether age-related changes within the anterior chamber could influence CLAN number in a similar manner to glaucoma. Investigating the influence of aqueous humor (AH) and some of its constituent growth factors on CLAN formation in both BTM and HTM cells revealed that AH itself was capable of inducing CLANs and that the main CLAN inducing agent present was TGF-β2. Conversely mitogenic growth factors (FGF and HGF) did not increase CLAN incidence and implicated that CLAN incidence was linked to cell shape change linked and therefore to function. In vitro analysis of CLANs in reference to donor age revealed that TGF-β2 could induce a higher percentage of CLANs in HTM cells from older donors compared to HTM cells derived from younger donors. Ex vivo analysis run in parallel demonstrated that CLAN incidence increased with increasing donor age. In order to identify how age-related stress within the TM environment influenced CLAN incidence cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide. In BTM cells pre-treatment for 1 hour was sufficient to significantly increase CLAN incidence. In further experiments it would seem that CLANs are not associated with apoptotic cells nor with senescent cells. The findings of this study indicate that CLANs can form when no glaucomatous pathology is detected and that changes in the extracellular environment can influence their formation. This is especial evident in older tissue.
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Bergeron, Pierric. "Anciens-nes élèves du lycée pilote innovant de Jaunay – Clan : trajectoires et constructions identitaires." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100130/document.
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Cette recherche étudie, dans une démarche inductive, ce que sont devenus les lycéens passés par une structure scolaire différente dont les pratiques pédagogiques et le projet d'établissement inspirés par l'éducation nouvelle affichent l'ambition de « former des jeunes autonomes responsables, ouverts, créatifs, capables de s'adapter, d'évoluer et de travailler en équipe ». Le dispositif méthodologique de recueil des données est constitué de quarante-deux récits de vie d'anciens élèves sortis de l'établissement entre 1990 et 2005, d'analyses secondaires de questionnaires existants, de statistiques produites par l'institution scolaire et du suivi de 450 anciens élèves sur les réseaux sociaux numériques depuis 2008. Les résultats montrent comment les élèves ont construit leur identité dans une expérience scolaire singulière et en quoi cette scolarité a joué, d'après eux, sur ce qu'ils sont devenus. Plus loin, ils montrent aussi que ce qui a été déterminant sur le long terme dans le devenir des élèves et la réussite de leur insertion sociale et professionnelle se serait passé en dehors de la classe, dans les relations et les apprentissages autonomes entre pairs, entre jeunes et adultes, la construction de réseaux sociaux durables et dans le développement de compétences psychosociales où la dimension collective est centrale. Enfin, cette étude atteste que cet établissement n'est pas à l'écart du monde mais au contraire que la parole des anciens élèves renseigne sur ce que seront les lycéens français demainThis research based on an inductive approach, studies what the students became after having studied in a high school where different educational methods and an official school project inspired by the new education emphasize the ambition to train responsible and autonomous young students, open-minded as well as creative, who are able to adapt, evolve and work in a team. The methodological device of data collection consists of 42 accounts made by former students of this particular school who left the institution between 1990 and 2005, but also of secondary analyses of existing surveys, statistics produced by the school institution and the follow-up of 450 former students on social networks since 2008. The results show how these students built their identity thanks to a particular school experience and how according to them, their school years changed who they are today. They also show that what was decisive in the long run for their own personal success, their social and professional integration, happened outside their class, thanks to relationships and autonomous learning process between peers, but also between adults and themselves, or with the building of lasting social network and in the development of psychosocial skills where the collective dimension is central. This study also demonstrates that this school isn't aside the world but on the contrary that their words tell about what the future students will be
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Kruse, Michael. "Lattice QCD Optimization and Polytopic Representations of Distributed Memory." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112198/document.
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La physique actuelle cherche, à côté des expériences, à vérifier et déduire les lois de la nature en simulant les modèles physiques sur d'énormes ordinateurs. Cette thèse explore comment accélérer ces simulations en améliorant les programmes qui les font tourner. L'application de référence est la chromodynamique quantique sur réseaux (LQCD pour "Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics"), une branche de la théorie quantique des champs, tournant sur le plus récent des supercalculateurs d'IBM, le Blue Gene/Q.Dans un premier temps, on améliore le code source de tmLQCD, un programme de LQCD, dont l'opération clef pour la performance est un stencil à 8 points en dimension 4. On étudie deux stratégies d'optimisation différentes: la première se donne comme priorité d'améliorer la localité spatiale et temporelle; la seconde utilise le préchargement matériel de flux de données. Sur le Blue Gene/Q, la première stratégie permet d'atteindre 20% de la performance crête théorique. La seconde, avec jusqu'à 54% de la performance crête est bien meilleure mais utilise 4 fois plus de mémoire car elle stocke les résultats dans l'ordre où les utilise le stencil suivant, ce qui requiert de dupliquer des données. Les autres techniques exploitées sont la programmation directe du système de communication (appelé MUSPI chez IBM), un mécanisme allégé de gestion des threads, le préchargement explicite de certaines données (à l'aide de l'instruction dcbt) et la vectorisation manuelle (en utilisant les instructions SIMD de largeur 4; appelé QPX par IBM). Le préchargement de liste et la mémoire transactionnelle - deux nouveaux mécanismes du Blue Gene/Q - n'améliorent pas les performances.Dans un second temps, on présente la réalisation d'une extension appelé Molly au compilateur LLVM, pour optimiser automatiquement le programme, et plus précisément la distribution des données et des calculs entre les nœuds d'un cluster tel que le Blue Gene/Q. Molly représente les tableaux par des polyèdres entiers et utilise l'extension existante Polly qui représente les boucles et les instructions par des polyèdres. Partant de la spécification de la distribution des données et de l'emplacement des calculs, Molly ajoute le code qui gère les flots de données entre les nœuds de calcul. Molly peut aussi permuter l'ordre des données en mémoire. La tâche principale de Molly est d'agréger les données dans des ensembles qui sont envoyés dans le même tampon au même destinataire, pour éviter l'overhead des transferts trop petits. Nous présentons un algorithme qui minimise le nombre de transferts pour des boucles non-paramétrées, basé sur les antichaînes du flot des données. De plus, nous implémentons une heuristique qui tient compte de la manière dont le programmeur a écrit son code. Les primitives de communication asynchrone sont insérées juste après que les données soient disponibles - respectivement juste avant qu'elles soient utilisées. Une bibliothèque runtime implémente ces primitives en utilisant MPI. Molly gère la distribution pour tout code représentable dans le modèle polyédrique, mais fonctionne mieux pour du code à stencil tel LQCD. Compilé avec Molly, le code LQCD atteint 2,5% de la performance crête. L'écart de performance est surtout dû au fait que les autres optimisations ne sont pas faites, par exemple la vectorisation. Les versions futures de Molly pourraient aussi gérer efficacement les codes non à stencil et exploiter les autres optimisations qui ont rendu le code LQCD optimisé à la main si rapideMotivated by modern day physics which in addition to experiments also tries to verify and deduce laws of nature by simulating the state-of-the-art physical models using oversized computers, this thesis explores means of accelerating such simulations by improving the simulation programs they run. The primary focus is Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), a branch of quantum field theory, running on IBM newest supercomputer, the Blue Gene/Q.In a first approach, the source code of tmLQCD, a Lattice QCD program, is improved to run faster on the Blue Gene machine. Its most performance-relevant operation is a 8-point stencil in 4 dimensional space. Two different optimization strategies are perused: One with the priority of improving spatial and temporal locality, and a second making use of the hardware's data stream prefetcher. On Blue Gene/Q the first strategy reaches up to 20% of the peak theoretical floating point operation performance of that machine. The second strategy with up to 54% of peak is much faster at the cost of using 4 times more memory by storing the data in the order they will be used in the next stencil operation, duplicating data where necessary.Other techniques exploited are direct programming of the messaging hardware (called MUSPI by IBM), a low-overhead work distribution mechanism for threads, explicit data prefetching of data (using dcbt instruction) and manual vectorization (using QPX; width-4 SIMD instructions). Hardware-based list prefetching and transactional memory - both distinct and novel features of the Blue Gene/Q system -- did not improve the program's performance.The second approach is the newly-written LLVM compiler extension called Molly which optimizes the program itself, specifically the distribution of data and work between the nodes of a cluster machine such as Blue Gene/Q. Molly represents arrays using integer polyhedra and uses another already existing compiler extension Polly which represents statements and loops using polyhedra. When Molly knows how data is distributed among the nodes and where statements are executed, it adds code that manages the data flow between the nodes. Molly can also permute the order of data in memory. Molly's main task is to cluster data into sets that are sent to the same target into the same buffer because single transfers involve a massive overhead. We present an algorithm that minimizes the number of transfers for unparametrized loops using anti-chains of data flows. In addition, we implement a heuristic that takes into account how the programmer wrote the code. Asynchronous communication primitives are inserted right after the data is available respectively just before it is used. A runtime library implements these primitives using MPI.Molly manages to distribute any code that is representable by the polyhedral model, but does so best for stencils codes such as Lattice QCD. Compiled using Molly, the Lattice QCD stencil reaches 2.5% of the theoretical peak performance. The performance gap is mostly because all the other optimizations are missing, such as vectorization. Future versions of Molly may also effectively handle non-stencil codes and use make use of all the optimizations that make the manually optimized Lattice QCD stencil so fast
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Giuffrida, A. "Structural fluidity, mobility and networks among the Kel Antessar and other Tuareg clans in north-west Mali." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1335822/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis stems from 12 months fieldwork among the Kel Antessar and other Tuareg clans in the District of Goundam (Region of Timbuktu) in north-west Mali. The Kel Antessar are an anomalous clan compared to other Tuareg. Their maraboutic status has catalysed their social and spatial mobility and given them a special mediatory role throughout past and present history. Although the research was initially focused on repatriated refugees following the end of the 1990s Tuareg rebellion, my data show that it is not analytically useful to isolate the refugee category from other forms of mobility in northern Mali. Kin-based networks and various forms of mobility structure social, economic and political relations which are of central importance in the allocation, distribution and use of human and natural resources in a society which is in a constant state of flux. The Kel Antessar’s elite has also played a particularly important role in brokering aid in the context of the decentralised administrative system in this region.