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1
Allgood, Christian. "The Claims Library Capability Maturity Model: Evaluating a Claims Library." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10007.
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One of the problem that plagues Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) software is its development cost. Many software companies forego the usability engineering aspect of their projects due to the time required to design and test user interfaces. Unfortunately, there is no "silver bullet" for user interface design and implementation because they are inherently difficult tasks. As computers are moving off the desktop, the greatest challenge for designers will be integrating these systems seamlessly into our everyday lives. The potential for reuse in user interfaces lies in reducing the time and effort required for this task, without sacrificing design quality.
In this work we begin with an iterative development cycle for a claims library based on prominent literature within the HCI and software engineering fields. We constructed the Claims Library to be a repository of potentially reusable notification system claims. We examine the library through theoretical and practical perspectives. The theoretical perspective reveals tradeoffs in the initial implementation that relate to Krueger's taxonomy of reuse. The practical perspective stems from experience in designing and conducting usability testing for an in-vehicle input device using the Claims Library. While valuable, these examinations did not provide a distinct method of improving the library. Expecting to uncover a specific diagnosis for the problems in the library, it was unclear how they should be approached with further development efforts.
With this realization, we saw that a more important and immediate contribution would not be another iteration of the Claims Library design. Rather, a clarification of the underlying theory that would better inform future systems development seemed a more urgent and worthy use of our experience. This clarification would need to have several characteristics to include: composed of a staged or prioritized architecture, represents an ideal model grounded in literature, and possesses intermediate development objectives and assessment points.
As a solution, we propose the Claims Library Capability Maturity Model (CL-CMM), based on the theoretical deficiencies that should guide development of a claims library, as noted in the two evaluations. This thesis delivers a five-stage model to include process areas, goals, and practices that address larger threads of concern. Our capability maturity model is patterned after models in software engineering and human resource management. We include a full description of each stage, a gap analysis method of appraisal, and an example of its use. Several directions for future work are noted that are necessary to continue development and validation of the model.Master of Science
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Eliasson, Daniel. "Game contingent claims." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103080.
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Abstract Game contingent claims (GCCs), as introduced by Kifer (2000), are a generalization of American contingent claims where the writer has the opportunity to terminate the contract, and must then pay the intrinsic option value plus a penalty. In complete markets, GCCs are priced using no-arbitrage arguments as the value of a zero-sum stochastic game of the type described in Dynkin (1969). In incomplete markets, the neutral pricing approach of Kallsen and Kühn (2004) can be used. In Part I of this thesis, we introduce GCCs and their pricing, and also cover some basics of mathematical finance. In Part II, we present a new algorithm for valuing game contingent claims. This algorithm generalises the least-squares Monte-Carlo method for pricing American options of Longstaff and Schwartz (2001). Convergence proofs are obtained, and the algorithm is tested against certain GCCs. A more efficient algorithm is derived from the first one using the computational complexity analysis technique of Chen and Shen (2003). The algorithms were found to give good results with reasonable time requirements. Reference implementations of both algorithms are available for download from the author’s Github page https://github.com/del/ Game-option-valuation-library
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O'Sullivan, Ann. "Claims, counter claims and mitigation : a reconceptualisation of intergenerational family mediation." Thesis, University of Salford, 2011. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26847/.
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This thesis offers a critique of the dominant model of intergenerational family mediation practiced in the United Kingdom. Its key aim is to avoid the essentialist tendencies of gender scholars within the mediation community. The government report 'More than a roof (DTLR, 2003) outlined the need for new approaches to homeless prevention such as intergenerational family mediation. Following this report a statutory duty was placed on local authorities to carry out homeless reviews and to formulate strategies to prevent youth homelessness (Smith, 2003). A new priority need group was created in the subsequent housing legislation. It consisted of those 16 and 17 year olds who were not owed a duty of care from social services, whose familial relationships were under strain. These 16 and 17 year olds were now to be the focus of interventions such as intergenerational family mediation, to rebuild family relationships rather than allocating them alternative accommodation. At this juncture intergenerational family mediation became an instrument of policy choice in the context of youth homelessness, rather than housing provision. The introduction of intergenerational family mediation in the context of youth homeless prevention is still relatively new. I argue that the importation of such a process into homeless prevention strategies has been undertaken with little understanding of intergenerational family conflict, or intergenerational family mediation in practice. The broad aim of this thesis is to further our understanding of intergenerational family mediation. Through my own analysis I highlight that intergenerational family mediation as currently practiced is a process that further subjugates already marginalised individuals. I argue that the narratives protagonists tell in the context of intergenerational family mediation are not 'about' conflict. I show that these narratives 'in' mediation function to co-construct accusations of breaches of gender norms, and mitigation in response to such accusations. My work takes on board this co-construction by placing myself as audience in relation to the text, alongside a simultaneous analysis of the influence of dominant gendered discourse that pre-exist the text. Thus this thesis has important contributions to make to both theory and practice of intergenerational family mediation. Through making an alignment with an ethno-methodologically informed narrative analysis I argue that gender identity, or subjectivity, is shaped by the 'meaning' people give to their experiences through locally co-constructed narratives (Bruner, 1990). Informed by a post structural feminist perspective I argue that these local narratives are in turn constrained (Butler, 1990) by dominant normalising discourses (language and cultural practices). Key Word: Gender, Narrative, Discourse, Family Conflict
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Naidoo, Len. "Object-oriented programming : bringing perspective to the claims and counter-claims." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8962.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-103).This study attempts to bring insight into the claims and counter-claims made about Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). A rich understanding of OOP enables us to maximize OOP's potential and uncover its limitations in practice. OOP rose from relative obscurity in the 1960s to the mainstream of software development. While adoption of OOP continues to grow steadily fervent criticism mounts against OOP from certain quarters. Detractors believe that OOP's early promise has not been fulfilled and resentment deepens against its all-encompassing embrace. Negative, self-serving rants needs to be separated from genuine causes for concern about software development. Equally, the software development community must guard against the blind adoption of technology in an industry driven by excessive market hype and vested interests. Given the decidedly human nature of the task of programming and the varying interpretations and perceptions that exist about programming styles, it is unlikely that scientific methods can conclusively prove the truth of arguments made for or against OOP. Therefore this interpretive study uses hermeneutics to understand and explain the claims and counterclaims made in the OOP discourse in order to forge a deeper understanding of OOP. The 'meanings' of OOP in the online discussions taking place in three developer communities encounters the literature on OOP through hermeneutic principles of understanding. Three different interpretations of OOP emerge from this encounter. Against these newly appropriated insights of the OOP phenomenon the prevailing OOP discourse is critically assessed through the hermeneutic lens. This study concludes that the current quest for atemporal categories and casual explanations of OOP is futile; we can only deeply understand OOP if we are willing to accommodate multiple interpretations of OOP in a hermeneutic understanding of the phenomenon of OOP.
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Waye, Vicki Catherine. "Markets for Legal Claims." Faculty of Law University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1585.
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PhDAccess to justice is an important human right that ensures adequate redress for harm, and which consequently helps deter future wrongdoing. Without access to justice citizens are precluded from the full enjoyment of their economic and social entitlements. The cost of litigation is a significant impediment to access to justice. Although the courts have attempted to increase access to justice by broadening the range of available dispute resolution options and by improving productivity through the implementation of case flow management systems, the cost of prosecuting claims remains disproportionately high and unaffordable for most small to medium sized claimholders. Legal claim assignment to parties able to aggregate claims and to apply their expertise as litigation entrepreneurs to deal with claim prosecution efficiently is one means of redressing the imbalance between the cost of claim prosecution to individual claimholders compared to the value of their claims. However, the well-entrenched doctrines of maintenance and champerty prohibit legal claim assignment. The continued resort to the doctrines of maintenance and champerty despite a strong and independent modern judiciary reflects distaste for claim commodification. However, the advent of litigation funding and its acceptance by the High Court of Australia in Campbell’s Cash and Carry v Fostif Pty Ltd (and to some extent United Kingdom and United States courts) on access to justice grounds has challenged conventional maintenance and champerty dogma. Together with other measures such as the introduction of conditional fee agreements that shift the cost of funding access to justice from the public to the private purse, the resistance to full claim alienability has been significantly weakened. The thesis argues that full claim alienability is favoured on normative and efficiency grounds and examines developments in Australia, England and the United States, which portend toward claim commodification. In addition, the thesis examines regulatory instruments required to ensure that the present partial claim market and the potential full claim market operates fairly and efficiently. It also considers how claim commodification may affect the relationship between legal practitioners and claim holders. [Please note: For any information on access to the full text please conact the author.]
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Elliott, Steven Ballantyne. "Compensation claims against trustees." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8bc46e2a-394d-4653-938a-fc1af4136450.
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The thesis examines the claims that may be brought against express trustees for pecuniary compensation. It contends that a difference of principle divides this conventional category in two. Some compensation claims complain that the trustee has breached one of his duties and seek to charge him with reparation for whatever ensuing loss has been suffered by the beneficial interests. These claims resemble claims for damages founded upon a tort or breach of contract. Other compensation claims overlook whatever breach there may have been and demand that the trustee account and perform the trusts, in money where this cannot be done in specie. This second type of claim resembles a claim for the specific performance of a contract, bearing in mind that specific performance may be given with compensation where the defendant cannot deliver what he has promised. The claims are cumulative subject to the principle of full satisfaction.
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Müller, Michael. "Claims Management im Grossanlagenbau." Wien Zürich Berlin Münster Lit, 2008. http://d-nb.info/991225279/04.
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Müller, Michael. "Claims Management im Großanlagenbau /." Münster, Westf : LIT [u.a.], 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/585400334.pdf.
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Carlisle, Jessica. "Rules, negociation, claims and counter claims : Judicial discretion in a damascus Shari's Court." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498278.
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Abbas, Nabil Mohd Ali. "Construction claims in Saudi Arabia : a study of sources and associations of claims." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21968.
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The construction industry is a complex one involving the participation of several parties, each with its own aims from getting into a project. The difference in these aims is one basic factor leading to conflicts and claims. Ownership of projects is split between government (public) and private entities and the size of projects in terms of cost could be categorized between small, medium and large. The Saudi construction industry is relatively young, and research on the local environment and problems is far from being extensive. This thesis will discuss the issue of construction claims in the Saudi construction industry with the aim of identifying the major heads of claims in the country. A literature review was made and the dependent and independent variables affecting the claim issue were identified. The dependent variables were Time, Money, Quality, Operation, Function, Life Expectancy, Reputation and Future Relations. The independent variables were: Party to a project (owner, contractor and consultant) Project Ownership (government, private) and Size of a project (small, medium or large). From the literature review and from experience the claim causes were grouped under six claim groups: 'Acts of God', 'Man-made', 'Market-Driven', 'Site Conditions', 'Contract Administration-based' and 'Information-based' claims. A research methodology was formulated to gather the necessary data by a postal questionnaire. Responses were classified in three major categories; party to the project responding to the questionnaire (owner, contractor or consultant) ownership of the project (government or private) and size of the project (small, medium or large). Six hypotheses were formulated and the data was analysed to get results and test the hypotheses. The results were discussed and they showed that the Information-based group of claims had the strongest association with the sample followed by the 'Contract Administration' group. The highest weight of association of claims in the 'Information-based' group were by the claims on poor skills by contractor, defected work by contractor and poor management by contractor. In this group the Money factor was the most highly associated followed by the Time factor. The highest weight of association of claims in the 'Contract Administration' group were by the claims on delayed payments by owner, variation order timing and the claim on too many variation orders. In this group, the Time factor was the most highest associated of the eight variables followed by the Money factor. This research on Saudi Arabia identifies the source of claims based on the perception of a hundred respondents to the questionnaire. A summary of the findings was made together with what contribution this thesis has made to new knowledge. A section on future work was also included.
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Shaw-Mills, Sherrilyn Tracy. "Towards the prevention of long-duration workers compensation claims - pre-claim intervention and strategy." Thesis, Curtin University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1724.
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The research purpose was to examine organisational and psychosocial factors to identify if these contributed to a worker’s compensation claim becoming long duration. This innovative research explored methods of preventing claims before they even occur. Outcomes of this case control study were the development of a Green Flag Model to prevent long duration claims pre claim and a Model of Management to prevent claims becoming long duration.
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Solís, Baltodano Maria José. "Claims problems: An implementation approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663663.
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L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi es centra en els problemes de demanada. Un problema de conflicte d'interessos que surgeix en el moment en que un recurs s'ha de distribuir entre un cert nombre d'agents i no n'hi ha suficient per satisfer totes les seves demandes. El nostre objectiu principal és buscar solucions adequades i alternatives a aquest tipus de problemes. Partint d'aquesta base, estudiem dos problemes reals que representen aquest tipus de conflictes, el problema de pressupost públic de la sanitat a Catalunya i els fons estructurals de cohesió de la Unió Europea (UE). En el primer cas proposem una alternativa per distribuir el pressupost de salut de manera que es mantingui l'estabilitat de la comunitat. En el segon cas suggerim una forma de repartir el pressupost mitjançant les regles de repartiment i la imposició de garanties a cada una de les regions amb la finalitat de reduir la desigualtat i promoure de manera mes adequada la convergència.
Un altre dels nostres objectius és contribuir a aquesta teoria proporcionant, per una part (i) noves caracteritzacions per les dues regles més utilitzades en aquesta literatura, com són la regla igualitària en guanys (CEA, per les seves sigles en anglès) i la proposta d'Ibn Ezra, i per altre part (ii) proposant un nou model de problema de conflicte d'interessos, anomenat problema de reclamacions sequencials. A més redefinim la regles proporcional, la regla igualitaria en guanys (CEA), la regla igualitaria en pèrdues (CEL, per les seves sigles en anglès) i la regla del Talmud, amb la finalitat d'aconseguir caracteritzar-les a traves de l'ús dels exiomes estudiats en aquest camp.El principal objetivo de esta tesis se centra en el enfoque teórico de los problemas de reclamaciones. Un problema de conflicto de intereses surge cuando hay un recurso insuficiente, que debe distribuirse entre un número agentes. Nuestro objetivo principal es buscar soluciones convenientes y alternativas a este tipo de problemas. Partiendo de este punto, estudiamos dos problemas reales que representan este tipo de conflicto, el problema de presupuesto público en sanidad en Cataluña y los fondos estructurales y de cohesión de la Unión Europea (UE). En el primer caso proponemos una alternativa para distribuir el presupuesto en salud con el fin de mantener la estabilidad de la comunidad. En el segundo caso sugerimos una manera alternativa de repartir el presupuesto a través de reglas de reparto y de la imposición de garantías a cada una de las regiones, con el fin de reducir la desigualdad y promover la convergencia de una manera más adecuada. Además, otro propósito es poder contribuir esta teoría proporcionando (i) nuevas caracterizaciones para dos reglas comúnmente usadas en esta literatura, las cuales son regla de igual ganancias (CEA, por sus siglas en inglés), y la propuesta por Ibn Ezra (the Ibn Ezra proposal). (ii) Proponiendo un nuevo modelo de problema de conflicto de intereses, llamado problemas de reclamos secuenciales, además redefinimos las reglas, proporcional, de igual ganancias (CEA, por sus siglas en inglés), de igual perdidas (CEL, por sus siglas en inglés), y Talmud, con el fin de lograr caracterizarlas a través del uso de axiomas estudiados en este campo.
The main objective of this thesis is on claims problems. We look for suitable and alternative solutions to this kind of problems. From this point of view, we study two real problems that represent these conflicts, the first one is the problem of the public health budget in Catalonia and the second one is the structural and cohesion funds of the European Union (EU). In the first case, we propose an alternative way to distribute the health budget to maintain the stability of the community. In this case we look for a suitable solution using rules and some stability criteria’s. In the second case we suggest an alternative way to distribute the budget through claims rules and the imposition of guarantees to each one of the regions, with the aim to reduce inequality and promote convergence in a more appropriate way. Additionally, another purpose is to be able to contribute to this theory by providing (i) new characterizations for two commonly used rules in this literature, which are the constrained equal awards rule (CEA), and the Ibn Ezra proposal, and (ii) propose a new model of claims problem, called sequential claims problems, in this sense we redefine the proportional, the constrained equal awards, the constrained equal losses and the Talmud rules, and characterize them through the use of axioms studied in this field.
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Johnson, Ryaja, Casey Kopecky, and Sheela Casper. "Evaluation of Construction Contract Claims." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9905.
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MBA Professional ReportThe purpose of this research is to analyze Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals decisions, over the past two years, relating to disputes in United States Government construction contracts in order to identify potential weaknesses in both government and contractor organizations. The project will identify categories of contract disputes as well as patterns of contract administration weaknesses for both the government and the contractor. The purpose is to highlight deficiencies, in both government and contractor actions, and use it to enlighten contracting officers to help preclude future litigation in this area.
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Rowe, Thomas. "Competing claims, risk and ambiguity." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3584/.
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This thesis engages with the following three questions. First, how should the presence of risk and ambiguity affect how we distribute a benefit to which individuals have competing claims? (In line with common use in decision theory, a case involves risk when we can assign at least subjective probabilities to outcomes and it involves ambiguity when we cannot assign such probabilities.) Second, what is it about the imposition of a risk of harm itself (that is, independently of the resulting harm), such as the playing of Russian roulette on strangers, which calls for justification? Third, in the pursuit of the greater (expected) good, when is it permissible to foreseeably generate harms for others through enabling the agency of evildoers? Chapters 1 through 3 of the thesis provide an answer the first question. Chapter 1 defends the importance of a unique complaint of unfairness that arises in risky distributive cases: that sometimes individuals are better off at the expense of others. Chapter 2 defends a view called Fairness as Proper Recognition of Claims which guides how a decision-maker ought to act in cases where individuals have unequal claims to a good. Chapter 3 considers how the presence of ambiguity affects distributive fairness, and defends an egalitarian account of the evaluation of ambiguous prospects. Chapter 4 provides an answer to the second question through a defence of the Insecurity Account, which is a unique way in which impositions of risks of harm can be said to harm individuals, namely by rendering the victim’s interests less secure. Chapter 5 provides an answer to the third question by defending what I call the Moral Purity Account, to explain when it is permissible to provide aid in cases where individuals are harmed as a foreseeable consequence of the provision of such aid.
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Dube, Phephelaphi. "Reconsidering historically based land claims." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1836.
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Thesis (LLM (Public Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The 1996 Constitution provides in s 25(7) that individuals and communities who had been dispossessed of rights in land after 19 June 1913, as a result of past discriminatory laws, may claim restitution or equitable redress. The Restitution of Land Rights Act 22 of 1994 reiterates the 1913 cut-off date for restitution claims. The cut-off date appears to preclude pre-1913 land dispossessions. Various reasons are cited for this date, the most obvious being that it reflects the date on which the Black Land Act came into effect. The Richtersveld and Popela decisions of the lower courts appear to confirm the view that historically based land claims for dispossessions that occurred prior to 1913 are excluded from the restitution process. In Australia and Canada restitution orders have been made possible by the judicially crafted doctrine of aboriginal land rights. However, historical restitution claims based on this doctrine are constrained by the assumption that the Crown, in establishing title during colonisation, extinguished all existing titles to land. This would have meant that the indigenous proprietary systems would have been lost irrevocably through colonisation. In seeking to overcome the sovereignty issue, Australian and Canadian courts have distinguished between the loss of sovereignty and the loss of title to land. In this way, the sovereignty of the Crown is left intact while restitution orders are rendered possible. South African courts do not have to grapple with the sovereignty issue since post-apartheid legislation authorises the land restitution process. The appeal decisions in Richtersveld and Popela recognised that some use rights survived the colonial dispossession of ownership. This surviving right was later the subject of a second dispossession under apartheid. By using this construction, which is not unlike the logic of the doctrine of aboriginal title in fragmenting proprietary interests, the second dispossession could then be said to meet the 1913 cut-off date, so that all historically based land claims are not necessarily excluded by the 1913 cut-off date. However, it is still possible that some pre-1913 dispossessions could not be brought under the umbrella of the Richtersveld and Popela construction, and the question whether historically based restitution claims are possible despite the 1913 cut-off date will resurface, especially if the claimants are not accommodated in the government’s land redistribution programme
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die 1996 Grondwet bepaal in a 25(7) dat individue en gemeenskappe wat na 19 Junie 1913 van ‘n reg in grond ontneem is, as gevolg van rasgebaseerde wetgewing en praktyke, geregtig is om herstel van sodanige regte of gelykwaardige vergoeding te eis. Die Wet op Herstel van Grondregte 22 van 1994herhaal die 1913-afsnydatum vir grondeise. Dit lyk dus asof die afsnydatum die ontneming van grond voor 1913 uitsluit. Verskeie redes word vir hierdie datum aangevoer, waarvan die bekendste is dat dit die datum is waarop die Swart Grond Wet in werking getree het. Dit beslissing van die laer howe in beide die Richtersveld- en die Popela-beslissings bevestig blykbaar dat ontneming van grond of regte in grond voor 1913 van die restitusie-proses uitgesluit word. In Australië en Kanada is restitusiebevele moontlik gemaak deur die leerstuk van inheemse grondregte. Historiese restitusie-eise in hierdie jurisdiksies word egter aan bande gelê deur die veronderstelling dat die Kroon, deur die vestiging van titel gedurende kolonialisering, alle vorige titels op die grond uitgewis het. Dit sou beteken dat die inheemsregtelike grondregsisteme onherroeplik verlore geraak het deur kolonialisering. Ten einde die soewereiniteitsprobleem te oorkom het die Australiese en Kanadese howe onderskei tussen die verlies van soewereiniteit en die verlies van titel tot die grond. Op hierdie wyse word die soewereiniteit van die Kroon onaangeraak gelaat terwyl restitusiebevele steeds ‘n moontlikheid is. Suid-Afrikaanse howe het nie nodig gehad om die soewereiniteitskwessie aan te spreek nie omdat post-apartheid wetgewing die herstel van grondregte magtig. Die appélbeslissings in Richtersveld en Popela erken dat sekere gebruiksregte die koloniale ontneming van eiendom oorleef het. Die oorblywende gebruiksregte is later ‘n tweede keer ontneem as gevolg van apartheid. Deur gebruikmaking van hierdie konstruksie, wat dieselfde logika volg as die leerstuk van inheemsregtelike regte en berus op fragmentasie van eiendomsaansprake, kan gesê word dat die tweede ontneming van grond wel binne die 1913-afsnydatum val. Gevolglik sal alle historiese restitusie-eise nie noodwendig deur die 1913- afsnydatum uitgesluit word nie. Dit is steeds moontlik dat sommige pre-1913 ontnemings nooit onder die vaandel van die Richtersveld- en Popela-beslissings gebring sal kan word nie, en die vraag of histories gebaseerde eise moontlik is ongeag die 1913-afsnydatum sal daarom weer opduik, veral indien die grondeisers nie geakkommodeer word in die grondherverdelingsprogram van die staat nie.
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Линник, Юлія Миколаївна, Юлия Николаевна Линник, and Yuliia Mykolaivna Lynnyk. "Environmental claims for sales promotion." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8428.
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Krastev, Roman. "Identity Claims and Leader Survival." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538711/.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to show a yet undiscovered link between identity claims and the survival of political leaders. Diversionary theory posits that starting foreign conflicts during domestic hardship may increase the popular approval ratings of the leader and maintain him in power. I suggest that leaders may resort to initiating identity claims as a diversionary action to stay in power. Indeed, using survival analysis, this study finds a connection between the desire of leaders to protect their ethnic kin in neighboring countries and the leaders' own popularity and survival at home. Yet, identity claim initiation and escalation significantly decrease the chances of leaders to remain in office. At first sight, this is in sharp contrast with the diversionary theory literature, which suggests that leaders may employ foreign wars as a means to distract from domestic problems and increase their survival in office. Yet, the realization that the escalation of conflict may backfire does not necessarily deter leaders from diverting. Therefore, this analysis offers a new perspective in the field of rationalist explanations for war.
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Tien, Cheryl Marilyn. "Consumers' skepticism towards advertising claims." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2237.
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The purpose of this study is threefold. It investigates (a) how personal and social influences affect consumers’ skepticism toward advertising claims (CSA) and how CSA influences inferences of manipulative intent (IMI), (b) the mediating role of attitude toward the advertisement between IMI and product judgment and (c) the moderating roles of brand familiarity and perceived risk on consumers’ skepticism toward advertising, inferences of manipulative intent and product judgment.
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Skelton, Mary L. (Mary Lilian). "Small claims mediation and justice : the implicit assumptions of the dominant small claims mediation model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70246.
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Escobar, A. A. "Aspects of international investment claims concerning Latin America : the relation of private claims to diplomatic protection." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598860.
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The dissertation attempts to assess some effects of the conclusion of Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) by Latin American states on the traditional position of those states in regard to the protection of foreign investment under international law (the Calvo Doctrine). An introductory chapter sets out terms of reference. A second chapter compares the Monroe and Calvo Doctrines as examples of broad propositions which have justified practice leading to the formation of specific rules. Instances of compromise regarding issues of non-intervention may be contrasted with lack of compromise regarding issues of investment protection. Recent developments in regional economic policy may be viewed as an instance of compromise resulting in the acceptance of common rules concerning foreign investment. A third chapter compares the Calvo Doctrine to the articulation of standards for the protection of property in early bilateral treaties concluded by Latin American states. The rules regarding responsibility for breach of State contracts are addressed in order to illustrate the relevance of a national treatment standard. A fourth chapter reviews the case-law on the "Calvo clause". The underlying propositions of this case-law emphasise the relation between international claims vested in the private claimant and the control of those claims by the claimant's state of nationality. A fifth chapter discusses bilateral treaty provisions for the protection of investment and the decision of a Chamber of the International Court of Justice in the 1989 Elettronica Sicula (ELSI) case. Treaty practice has relied on traditional standards, including national and most-favoured-nation treatment, and treatment according to international law, in order to protect investors' rights. The duty to afford "fair and equitable" treatment may refine the duty of non-discrimination. Provisions for the observance of obligations undertaken by host states towards investors seem to conform to those standards.
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Hagsjö, Renberg Oscar, and Oscar Hermansson. "Large claims in non-life insurance." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215492.
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It is of outmost importance for an insurance company to apply a fair pricing policy. If the price is too high, valuable customers are lost to other insurance companies while if it’s too low – it nets a negative profit. To achieve a good pricing policy, information regarding claim size history for a given type of customer is required. A problem arises as large extremal events occur and affects the claim size data. These extremal events take shape in individually large claim sizes that by themselves can alter the distribution for what certain groups of individuals are expected to cost. A remedy for this is to apply what is called a large claim limit. Any claim exceeding this limit is thought of as being outside the scope of what is captured by the original distribution of the claim size. These exceeding claims are treated separately and have their cost distributed across all insurance takers, rather than just the group they belong to. So, where exactly do you draw this limit? Do you treat the entire claim size this way (exclusion) or just the bit that is exceeding the threshold (truncation)? These questions are treated and answered in this master’s thesis for Trygg-Hansa. For each product code, a limit was achieved in addition to which method for exceeding data that was best to use.Det är oerhört viktigt för ett försäkringsbolag att kunna tillämpa en god prissättning. Är priset för högt så förloras kunder till andra försäkringsbolag, och är den underprisad är det en förlustaffär. För att kunna sätta bra priser krävs information om vilka samt hur stora skador som kan tänkas inträffa för en given kundprofil. Ett problem uppstår när stora extremfall påverkar skadedatan. Dessa extremfall yttrar sig genom enskilda storskador som kan komma att påverka prissättningen för en hel grupp då distributionen för vad gruppen förväntas kosta kan ändras. Detta problem kan lösas genom att införa en storskadegräns till skadedatan. Skador över denna gräns räknas som extremfall och utanför ramen av vad den ursprungliga distributionen för skadorna beskriver. De hanteras separat och låter sin kostnad fördelas över samtliga försäkringstagare. Men vart dras denna gräns? Ska man behandla hela den överstigande kostnaden på detta sätt (exkludering) eller bara den biten av skadan som går över storskadegränsen (trunkering)? Dessa frågor behandlas och besvaras i denna masteruppsats i uppdrag åt Trygg-Hansa. För de olika produkttypkoderna beräknades varsin storskadegräns samt metod för överskridande data.
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Rabeau, Nicholas Marc. "Probabilistic approach to contingent claims analysis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8195.
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Mankowitz, Poppy Rebecca Mary. "Making sense of metaphysical modal claims." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/making-sense-of-metaphysical-modal-claims(17346d15-f8d2-4399-a821-f0d2c2c83700).html.
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In my thesis, I will consider the topic of metaphysical modal claims. The problem with metaphysical modal claims is that it is not entirely clear how one goes about interpreting and assigning truth-values to some of them. It shall be argued that a exible, reductive account of the way in which speakers issue and interpret modal claims would address this sense of confusion. I will therefore motivate, develop and defend a reductive, linguistic er- satzer account in a deliberately simplied language of modal predicate logic. This account will construe possible worlds as maximal-consistent sets of sen- tences, dening these structures in such a way that modal notions are not employed. The idea of assumption-relative modal operators and accessibility relations will then be dened, in order to accommodate the fact that most modal claims do not concern broad logical possibility. Finally, a means of incorporating essentialist claims into assumption-sets shall be developed, in order to handle metaphysical modal claims in particular. An essentialist predicate must be construed non-modally in order to avoid compromising the reductive account. The developed account will also be assessed. I will argue that it is indeed reductive, that Lewis's criticism of reductive linguistic ersatzer accounts do not apply in this case, and that no other means of constructing possible worlds has the potential to give a similar reductive account. However, the commitment to a primitive essentialist predicate undermines the motivation for the proposal qua reductive account. I will consider this objection, in addition to others, and reiterate the theoretical benets of the account.
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Kalunta, Anita Olanma. "Race, drug trials and claims-making." Thesis, Brunel University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262538.
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Mastrandrea, F. "The quantification of construction contractors' claims." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306812.
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Welhengama, Gnanapala. "Minorities' claims : from autonomy to secession." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366305.
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Grimwood, Russell Holden. "The numerical evaluation of contingent claims." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269125.
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Nair, Aruna. "Justifying claims based on unauthorised substitution." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b985b154-fbdb-4c47-863d-b95369af461c.
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This thesis examines the doctrinal justification for the contingency of certain private law claims on tracing in English law. It argues that, contrary to the currently dominant model of tracing as an evidential process, aimed at resolving factual uncertainties, the tracing rules are best understood as normative in function. They strike a balance between preserving the autonomy of the defendant, while preventing her from exploiting the claimant's legally mandated vulnerability to the defendant's decisions to deprive him of rights. The rules distinguish among the different legal capacities of a person acquiring a right, and permit a stranger to the transaction to assert an entitlement to its product only in cases where the product is separable from the person of the defendant and where its acquisition involved the exercise of a legal power to deprive the claimant. On this basis, the thesis argues that claims contingent on tracing are better described as claims based on 'unauthorised substitution'. An unauthorised substitution occurs where A acquires a right in consideration for the valid exercise of a private legal power affecting B, in breach of a duty owed to B. Such an exercise of power can only take place in the context of a prior relationship of 'stewardship of assets', whereby A has a legal power to vary the legal rights of B with respect to some assignable right, owes B a duty in respect of the exercise of that power, and is able to validly exercise the legal power in breach of that duty. These relationships overlap with the categories of 'fiduciary duties' or 'property rights', but share additional and distinctive characteristics that justify the law's particular response to unauthorised substitution.
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Li, Anlong. "Three essays on contingent claims pricing." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056137244.
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Rempe, Christina. "Verbraucherschutz durch die Health-Claims-Verordnung /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992705061/04.
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Magnus, P. D. "Underdetermination and the claims of science /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3091335.
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Houtkooper, Linda, Jaclyn Maurer, and Veronica Mullins. "How to Evaluate Ergogenic Aid Claims." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146492.
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3 pp.discontinued 3/4/11
Nutrition misinformation, myths, fraud, and quackery can prevent athletes from attaining optimal performance. This publication provides a list of criteria to evaluate the myriad of information in the media surrounding the athlete and ergogenic aids.
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Chambers, Brian Carolan. "Negotiating Denendeh : indigenous solidarity, federal land claims policy, and fragmentation of the Dene/Metis comprehensive land claim." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251590.
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Geldreich, Adam Arnold 1954. "The role of congressional control in the adjudication of Indian claims in the United States Court of Claims." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278190.
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Indian Claims in the United States Court of Claims possess the unique quality of close congressional scrutiny. Because of the long-standing legislative relationship existing between the legislative branch and Indian tribal groups, the experiences of tribes in the Court of Claims held particular dynamics which were exclusively distinctive in many ways. It is my hypothesis that congressional plenary power over Indian tribes and the influential legislative control which Congress exercised over the Court of Claims combined to put Indians in a litigatory environment which doomed the possibility for the majority of tribes to achieve successful redress of grievances.
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Thomas, Jeffrey Alexander. "Evaluating the claims of network centric warfare." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FThomas.pdf.
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Wan, Lai-mei. "Ruin analysis of correlated aggregate claims models." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30705708.
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Ilgar, Ali Ozge. "Quantification Of Acceleration Claims: A Simplified Approach." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606691/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
QUANTIFICATION OF ACCELERATION CLAIMS: A SIMPLIFIED APPROACH
Operating a successful business within the construction industry has become more difficult for companies as the profitability margins decreased considerably compared to previous years. Even, global economy has created an environment in which construction firms are enforced to bid projects at or below lowest profit levels. At the same time, owners are demanding more difficult projects without increasing the quality of contract documents. This has placed an added burden on the individual contractor to construct sophisticated projects. Under these circumstances, it is not surprising that the number of disputes within the construction industry continues to increase. Thus, contractors requested additional payments from the owners and the concept of claim and claim management developed. However, implementation of a well developed claim management process is crucial as the consequences and reimbursement depends on this process.
The objective of this study is to discuss potential sources of disputes and types of claims in the construction industry by focusing on acceleration claims. Quantification methods for owner directed acceleration are discussed as well as required documentation and claim management strategies for preparation of acceleration claims. Two different methods, namely theoretical approach and simplified approach, are presented here and examined in detail mentioning their advantages and shortcomings. These methods are applied to two different real cases, one in Turkey and the other one is abroad in order to have a better understanding of these approaches. Furthermore, a computer program is developed to carry out the calculations that constitute the necessary steps of simplified quantification method.
This study can be considered as a complete guide for young civil engineers about quantification and management of acceleration claims.
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Krebs, Theresa Joan. "Claims-making in the false memory debate." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0005/MQ28897.pdf.
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Kurilla, Brian P. "Processing fluency affects subjective claims of recollection." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Lafaille, Jean-FreÌdeÌric. "Culture, liberal principles and claims of justice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404340.
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Williams, Alastair John. "New music and the claims of modernity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317794.
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Johansson, Annelie. "Claims Reserving on Macro- and Micro-Level." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173113.
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Three methods for claims reserving are compared on two data sets. The first two methods are the commonly used chain ladder method that uses aggregated payments and the relatively new method, double chain ladder, that apart from the payments data also uses the number of reported claims. The third method is more advanced, data on micro-level is needed such as the reporting delay and the number of payment periods for every single claim. The two data sets that are used consist of claims with typically shorter and longer settlement time, respectively. The questions considered are if you can gain anything from using a method that is more advanced than the chain ladder method and if the gain differs from the two data sets. The methods are compared by simulating the reserves distributions as well as comparing the point estimates of the reserve with the real out-of-sample reserve. The results show that there is no gain in using the micro-level method considered. The double chain lad- der method on the other hand performs better than the chain ladder method. The difference between the two data sets is that the reserve in the data set with longer settlement times is harder to estimate, but no difference can be seen when it comes to method choice.Tre reservsättningsmetoder jämförs på två dataset. De första två metoderna är den välkända chain ladder-metoden som använder sig av aggregerade utbetalningar samt den relativt nya metoden double chain ladder som förutom utbetalningarna använder sig av antalet anmälda skador. Den tredje metoden baseras på mikro-nivå och kräver information om varje enskild skada, såsom anmälningstid och antalet utbetalningsperioder. De två dataseten som används är ett som innehåller skador med typiskt kortare avvecklingstider och ett som innehåller skador med typiskt längre avvecklingstider. Frågorna som behandlas är om man vinner något på att använda en mer avancerad metod än chain ladder och om det skiljer sig åt mellan dataseten. Metoderna jämförs genom simulering av reserven, men också genom att jämföra punktskattningar med den verkliga reserven. Resultaten visar att man I detta fall inte vinner något på att använda mikro-metoden. Double chain ladder å andra sidan presterar bättre än chain ladder. Skillnaden mellan de två dataseten är att det är svårare att estimera reserven när avvecklingstiden är längre, men ingen skillnad ses när det gäller val av metod
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Choong, Lily Siew Li. "Default and market risks of contingent claims." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264668.
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Tanaka, Toshiharu. "Analysis of claims in U.S. construction projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44665.
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Cooper, Robert A. (Robert Anthony) 1975. "Audio interconnect Performance : claims versus laboratory measurements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46225.
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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 49).
by Robert A. Cooper.
S.B.and M.Eng.
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Huangfu, Dan. "Data Mining for Car Insurance Claims Prediction." Digital WPI, 2015. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/383.
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A key challenge for the insurance industry is to charge each customer an appropriate price for the risk they represent. Risk varies widely from customer to customer, and a deep understanding of different risk factors helps predict the likelihood and cost of insurance claims. The goal of this project is to see how well various statistical methods perform in predicting bodily injury liability Insurance claim payments based on the characteristics of the insured customer’s vehicles for this particular dataset from Allstate Insurance Company.We tried several statistical methods, including logistic regression, Tweedie’s compound gamma-Poisson model, principal component analysis (PCA), response averaging, and regression and decision trees. From all the models we tried, PCA combined with a with a Regression Tree produced the best results. This is somewhat surprising given the widespread use of the Tweedie model for insurance claim prediction problems.
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Saks, Michael J., Thomas Albright, Thomas L. Bohan, Barbara E. Bierer, C. Michael Bowers, Mary A. Bush, Peter J. Bush, et al. "Forensic bitemark identification: weak foundations, exaggerated claims." OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622734.
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Several forensic sciences, especially of the pattern-matching kind, are increasingly seen to lack the scientific foundation needed to justify continuing admission as trial evidence. Indeed, several have been abolished in the recent past. A likely next candidate for elimination is bitemark identification. A number of DNA exonerations have occurred in recent years for individuals convicted based on erroneous bitemark identifications. Intense scientific and legal scrutiny has resulted. An important National Academies review found little scientific support for the field. The Texas Forensic Science Commission recently recommended a moratorium on the admission of bitemark expert testimony. The California Supreme Court has a case before it that could start a national dismantling of forensic odontology. This article describes the (legal) basis for the rise of bitemark identification and the (scientific) basis for its impending fall. The article explains the general logic of forensic identification, the claims of bitemark identification, and reviews relevant empirical research on bitemark identification-highlighting both the lack of research and the lack of support provided by what research does exist. The rise and possible fall of bitemark identification evidence has broader implications-highlighting the weak scientific culture of forensic science and the law's difficulty in evaluating and responding to unreliable and unscientific evidence.
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Barnholdt, Jacob, and Josefin Grafford. "Predicting Large Claims within Non-Life Insurance." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228983.
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This bachelor thesis within the field of mathematical statistics aims to study the possibility of predicting specifically large claims from non-life insurance policies with commercial policyholders. This is done through regression analysis, where we seek to develop and evaluate a generalized linear model, GLM. The project is carried out in collaboration with the insurance company If P&C Insurance and most of the research is conducted at their headquarters in Stockholm. The explanatory variables of interest are characteristics associated with the policyholders. Due to the scarcity of large claims in the data set, the prediction is done in two steps. Firstly, logistic regression is used to model the probability of a large claim occurring. Secondly, the magnitude of the large claims is modelled using a generalized linear model with a gamma distribution. Two full models with all characteristics included are constructed and then reduced with computer intensive algorithms. This results in two reduced models, one with two characteristics excluded and one with one characteristic excluded.Det här kandidatexamensarbetet inom matematisk statistik avser att studera möjligheten att predicera särskilt stora skador från sakförsäkringspolicys med företag som försäkringstagare. Detta görs med regressionsanalys, där vi ämnar att utveckla och bedöma en generaliserad linjär modell, GLM. Projektet utförs i samarbete med försäkringsbolaget If Skadeförsäkring och merparten av undersökningen sker på deras huvudkontor i Stockholm. Förklaringsvariablerna som är av intresse att undersöka är egenskaper associerade med försäkringstagarna. På grund av sällsynthet av storskador i datamängden görs prediktionen i två steg. Först används logistisk regression för att modellera sannolikheten för en storskada att inträffa. Sedan modelleras storskadornas omfattning genom en generaliserad linjär modell med en gammafördelning. Två grundmodeller med alla förklaringsvariabler konstrueras för att sedan reduceras med datorintensiva algoritmer. Det resulterar i två reducerade modeller, med två respektive en kundegenskap utesluten.
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Rohrbeck, Christian. "Statistical methods for weather-related insurance claims." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/85903/.
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Severe weather events, for instance, heavy rainfall, snow-melt or droughts, cause large losses of lives and money every year. Insurance companies offer some form of protection against such undesirable outcomes, and decision makers want to take precautions to prevent future catastrophes. Both, decision makers and insurance companies, are hence interested to understand which weather events induce a high risk. This information then allows the insurance companies to set premiums for their policies by predicting future losses. Further, the relationship between damages and weather is also important to assess the impact of climate change. Several aspects have to be considered in the statistical modelling of this relationship. For instance, some regions in the world are more used to severe rainfall events than others and, hence, presumably less vulnerable to small amounts of rainfall than others. Spatial statistics provides a statistical framework which allows for a spatially varying relationship while accounting for certain similarities for areas which are geographically close. Further, damages, especially large losses, are rather rare and the statistical analysis is hence usually based on a low number of observations. Methods from extreme value theory consider the modelling of such events and may hence be beneficial. This thesis aims to develop statistical models for the relationship between damages, in particular property insurance claims, and weather events, based on daily Norwegian insurance and weather data. To improve existing models, new methodology is introduced which allows for substantial flexibility of the statistical model. The risk induced by certain weather events is assumed to be spatially varying across Norway but with neighbouring regions exhibiting similar vulnerability. To account for certain non-linear effects, the class of monotonic regression functions is considered. Specifically, this work is the first to de- fine flexible dependence structures for such functions. In particular, the first approach considers a Bayesian framework and estimates are obtained by Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms while the second approach is optimization-based. The last part of the thesis derives extreme value models for discrete data and estimates them in a Bayesian framework. In particular, a mixture model which allows for a flexible tail behaviour is motivated by an exploratory analysis of the highest claims in the data. Additionally, the data are restructured based on spatial and temporal patterns and then combined with the proposed extreme value mixture model. All these approaches, monotonic regression and extreme value analysis, lead to an improved model fit and a better understanding of the relationship between insurance claims and weather events.
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Hahnel, Katherine M. "An Analysis of Performance Claims in Athleisure." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mat_etds/11.
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The purpose of this research was to evaluate performance claims in athleisure, in order to confirm or refute their authenticity. Aesthetic properties and functional claims were evaluated initially, and after repeated home laundering. A convenience (nonprobability) sample of activewear with performance features consisted of ninety garments that are currently on the market and commonly used by consumers. The garments included men’s and women’s t-shirts, polos, leggings, windbreakers, hoodies, sweatpants, and warm-up pants of various fiber contents and performance chemistries. The focus of the garment selection was on garments with performance properties relating to moisture management. Performance claims listed on the hang tags included moisture management, wicking, quick dry, stay cool, breathable, water resistant and wind resistant. Garments in the sample were a combination of natural, synthetic and blended fiber contents. The garments were tested initially, after one, five, ten, fifteen and twenty laundry cycles. The garments were evaluated for smoothness, dimensional stability, color change, pilling, horizontal wicking of textiles, water repellency- spray test, water resistance- impact penetration, water resistance- hydrostatic pressure, absorbency of textiles, aqueous liquid repellency and air permeability. All testing was performed in accordance with AATCC and ASTM standard test methods and was conducted under controlled laboratory settings.