Journal articles: 'Cl11'

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Sonnenberg, Karsten, Patrick Pröhm, Nico Schwarze, Carsten Müller, Helmut Beckers, and Sebastian Riedel. "Untersuchungen chlorreicher Polychloride: [Cl11 ]− , [Cl12 ]2− und [Cl13 ]−." Angewandte Chemie 130, no. 29 (June 21, 2018): 9274–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201803486.

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Pathak, Parul, Monika Singh, Ananya Naskar, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Nikunj Bhardwaj, and Ajay Kumar. "Isolation and Phenotypic Microarray Profiling of Different Pseudomonas Strains Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Curcuma longa L." Stresses 3, no. 4 (November 13, 2023): 749–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/stresses3040051.

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In the present study, different Pseudomonas strains were isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and further identified and characterized based on morphological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics through the 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The identified bacterial strains belong to the Pseudomonas genus viz. Pseudomonas sp. CL10, Pseudomonas sp. CL11, and P. fluorescence CLI4. However, the isolated strains tested positive for IAA production, siderophore production, and the solubilization of tricalcium phosphate during plant growth promoting traits analysis. Further phenotype microArray (PM) technology was used to evaluate the antibiotic and chemical sensitivity of the isolated bacterial strains. The antibiotics phleomycin, oxacillin, vancomycin, novobiocin, spiramycin, and rifampicin, as well as chemicals like, 5-7 dichloro-8-hydroxy quanaldine, 5-7 dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, domophenbrobide, and 3-5 dimethoxy benzyl alcohol, showed resistance in all the rhizobacterial strains. However, upon further detailed study, Pseudomonas sp. CL10 exhibited resistance to thirteen antibiotics, CL11 to fourteen, and CL14 showed resistance against seventeen antibiotics and chemical classes. The results of the study indicate that some of these strains can be used as bioinoculum to enhance the plant growth and health.

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Sonnenberg, Karsten, Patrick Pröhm, Nico Schwarze, Carsten Müller, Helmut Beckers, and Sebastian Riedel. "Investigation of Large Polychloride Anions: [Cl11 ]− , [Cl12 ]2− , and [Cl13 ]−." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 29 (June 21, 2018): 9136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201803486.

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Rios, Patrícia R. P., Elineide B. Silveira, Luíza S. S. Martins, Edson B. Silva Neto, and Andréa M. A. Gomes. "Caracterização de isolados de Colletotrichum lagenarium de pepino com base em marcadores isoenzimáticos." Horticultura Brasileira 22, no. 4 (December 2004): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362004000400012.

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O conhecimento da variabilidade genética de isolados de Colletotrichum lagenarium é de grande importância para o sucesso de programas de melhoramento genético visando resistência à antracnose do pepino. Dezenove isolados de C. lagenarium oriundos de plantios comerciais de pepino da Zona da Mata e do Agreste de Pernambuco foram comparados por análise eletroforética de isoenzimas em gel de poliacrilamida a 7%, utilizando os sistemas esterase, fosfatase ácida, fosfatase alcalina e malato desidrogenase. A avaliação foi realizada pelo número e pela posição das bandas reveladas nos géis, calculando-se a mobilidade relativa. As distâncias genéticas e similaridades foram sumarizadas em análises de agrupamento, utilizando-se o software NTSYS. A análise mostrou variação no número e posição das bandas no gel, dentro de cada sistema estudado, revelando diferenças fenotípicas dentro da população. As enzimas malato desidrogenase e fosfatase alcalina mostraram menor polimorfismo, enquanto, a esterase e fosfatase ácida apresentaram-se mais polimórficas. A análise de agrupamento permitiu separar os genótipos em cinco grupos distintos: 1 (CL1, CL3 e CL22), 2 (CL14), 3 (CL4, CL38, CL15, CLl7, CL5, CL8, e CL10), 4 (CL28) e 5 (CL23, CL20, CL34, CL36, CL35, CL37, e CL16). O menor índice de similaridade genética (27,3%) foi observado entre o isolado CL1 e os isolados CL20, CL35, CL37 e CL16. O maior índice de similaridade (100%) foi observado entre os isolados CL5 e CL8; CL5 e CL10; CL8 e CL10; CL35 e CL37; CL35 e CL16; e entre CL37 e CL16.

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Zhuang, Hong-Mei, Xiao Hu, Shu-Rong Hong, Ping-Ping Zhou, Yu Zhang, and Ling Li. "18α-Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the viability of HR5-CL11 cervical carcinoma cells through induction of apoptosis and DNA damage." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 11, no. 3 (August 26, 2016): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11i3.26592.

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The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid on induction of apoptosis and DNA-damage in HR5-CL11 cervical carcinoma cells. The results revealed 73.6% reduction in HR5-CL11 cell viability on treatment with 5 µM concentration of 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid for 48 hours. The DNA of 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid-treated cells showed a ladder-like pattern. Fragmentation of DNA in the 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid-treated cells was markedly higher compared to the control cells. Examination of the DNA damage in HR5-CL11 cells after treatment with 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid showed breakage in DNA strands and formation of comet-like structures. The frequency of comet formation in 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid treated cells was found to be 7.8 after 48 hours. The population of cells with more than four γH2AX foci was increased to 38.6% on treatment with 5 µM concentration of 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid. Thus, 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the viability of HR5-CL11 cervical cancer cells through induction of apoptosis by DNA damage and can be used for the treatment of cervical cancer.Video Clip:<a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/XZQHm07d2sk">MTT assay</a>: 1 min 13 sec

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WANG, CHUNYANG, JINQUAN WANG, JOSHUA GONG, HAI YU, JENNIFER C. PACAN, ZHONGXIANG NIU, WEIDUO SI, and PARVIZ M. SABOUR. "Use of Caenorhabditis elegans for Preselecting Lactobacillus Isolates To Control Salmonella Typhimurium." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-155.

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Host-specific probiotics have been used to control enteric pathogens, including foodborne pathogens, in food animal production. However, evaluation of the efficacy of these probiotics requires costly in vivo assays in the target animal. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been used for prescreening of antimicrobial agents and for studies of host-pathogen interactions. In the present study, 17 Lactobacillus isolates from chicken and pig intestines were tested with C. elegans, and the ability of these isolates to prevent death from Salmonella infection was variable. Two Lactobacillus isolates (S64, which gave full protection, and CL11, which gave no protection) were further studied. Both isolates exhibited a similar colonization profile in the C. elegans intestine. Although different culture fractions of CL11 were not protective, both live and heat-killed S64 cells provided full or partial protection of C. elegans from death caused by Salmonella infection. In contrast, different culture fractions from both isolates had similar effects on the colonization of the nematode intestine by Salmonella Typhimurium DT104. Our preliminary results from a pig performance trial revealed a correlation between the degree of protection in the C. elegans survival assay and the performance of 35-day-old weaned piglets that were treated with the same Lactobacillus isolates, suggesting that C. elegans can be used as a laboratory animal model for preselecting probiotics for control of Salmonella infections.

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Kroupin, P. Yu, A. I. Yurkina, A. A. Kocheshkova, D. S. Ulyanov, G. I. Karlov, and M. G. Divashuk. "Comparative assessment of the copy number of satellite repeats in the genome of Triticeae species." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 27, no. 8 (December 28, 2023): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-23-109.

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Satellite repeats are a significant component of the genome of Triticeae and play a crucial role in the speciation. They are a valuable tool for studying these processes. Pseudoroegneria species play a special role among grasses, as they are considered putative donors of the St-genome in many polyploid species. The aim of this study was to compare the copy number of satellite repeats in the genomes of Triticeae species. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to determine the copy numbers of 22 newly discovered satellite repeats revealed in the whole-genome sequences of Pseudoroegneria species and one additional repeat previously identified in the genome of Aegilops crassa. The study focused on seven species of Pseudoroegneria, three species of Thinopyrum, Elymus pendulinus, Ae. tauschii, Secale cereale, and Triticum aestivum. Based on the copy number level and coefficients of variation, we identified three groups of repeats: those with low variability between species (medium-copy CL82), those with medium variability (low- and medium-copy CL67, CL3, CL185, CL119, CL192, CL89, CL115, CL95, CL168), and those with high coefficients of variation (CL190, CL184, CL300, CL128, CL207, CL69, CL220, CL101, CL262, CL186, CL134, CL251, CL244). CL69 exhibited a specific high copy number in all Pseudoroegneria species, while CL101 was found in both Pseudoroegneria and Th. junceum, CL244 in Th. bessarabicum, CL184 in P. cognata and S. cereale. CL95, CL128, CL168, CL186, CL207, and CL300 exhibited higher copy numbers in P. cognata compared to other species; CL3, CL95, CL115, CL119, CL190, CL220, CL207, and CL300 in P. kosaninii; CL89 in P. libanotica; CL134 in P. geniculata. Our assessment of the copy number of new satellite repeats in the St-genome and the analysis of their amplification specificity between species can contribute to the molecular-genetic and chromosome markers used for evolutionary, phylogenetic, and population studies of Triticeae species.

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Jenne, Carsten, and Bianca Wegener. "Silver Salts of the Weakly Coordinating Anion [Me3 NB12 Cl11 ]-." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 644, no. 18 (October 2, 2018): 1123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201800358.

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Ghorai, Bithin, and Santiram Chatterjee. "Effect of Near-Surface Crustal Layers on Undrained Vertical Penetration Response of Subsea Pipelines." International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17736/ijope.2018.cl11.

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Rohdenburg, Markus, Martin Mayer, Max Grellmann, Carsten Jenne, Tobias Borrmann, Florian Kleemiss, Vladimir A. Azov, Knut R. Asmis, Simon Grabowsky, and Jonas Warneke. "Superelektrophiles Verhalten eines Anions demonstriert durch spontane Bindung von Edelgasen an [B12 Cl11 ]−." Angewandte Chemie 129, no. 27 (May 31, 2017): 8090–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201702237.

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ROY, RENAUD PAQUET AND ISABELLE. "WHY DO PEOPLE GET INVOLVED IN LOCAL UNION OFFICE?" Journal of Collective Negotiations in the Public Sector 27, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l1lq-cl11-gafp-8pgb.

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Rohdenburg, Markus, Martin Mayer, Max Grellmann, Carsten Jenne, Tobias Borrmann, Florian Kleemiss, Vladimir A. Azov, Knut R. Asmis, Simon Grabowsky, and Jonas Warneke. "Superelectrophilic Behavior of an Anion Demonstrated by the Spontaneous Binding of Noble Gases to [B12 Cl11 ]−." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56, no. 27 (May 31, 2017): 7980–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201702237.

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13

Liu, Lei, Xue-jin Sun, Xi-chuan Liu, Tai-chang Gao, and Shi-jun Zhao. "Comparison of Cloud Base Height Derived from a Ground-Based Infrared Cloud Measurement and Two Ceilometers." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/853861.

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The cloud base height (CBH) derived from the whole-sky infrared cloud-measuring system (WSIRCMS) and two ceilometers (Vaisala CL31 and CL51) from November 1, 2011, to June 12, 2012, at the Chinese Meteorological Administration (CMA) Beijing Observatory Station are analysed. Significant differences can be found by comparing the measurements of different instruments. More exactly, the cloud occurrence retrieved from CL31 is 3.8% higher than that from CL51, while WSIRCMS data shows 3.6% higher than ceilometers. More than 75.5% of the two ceilometers’ differences are within ±200 m and about 89.5% within ±500 m, while only 30.7% of the differences between WSIRCMS and ceilometers are within ±500 m and about 55.2% within ±1000 m. These differences may be caused by the measurement principles and CBH retrieval algorithm. A combination of a laser ceilometer and an infrared cloud instrument is recommended to improve the capability for determining cloud occurrence and retrieving CBHs.

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Gomes, José E., Dilermando Perecin, Antônio B. G. Martins, and Sérgio R. Fontes. "Comportamento de propriedades físicas, químicas e reológicas do suco de acerola armazenado a baixa temperatura." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 5, no. 2 (May 2001): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662001000200020.

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Estudou-se o comportamento físico, químico e reológico do suco de cinco genótipos de acerola (CL2, CL5, CL11, R1 e R2) depois de lavadas, as frutas (2 kg) foram esmagadas em um processador manual. Do extrato obtido, em peneira de 1,6 mm, para separar o suco dos resíduos e sementes, foi acondicionado 20 mL de suco de cada amostra em tubos plásticos com dimensões 5 x 3 cm, que foram armazenados em freezer a uma temperatura de -10 °C, durante 10 meses. As leituras de sólidos solúveis totais foram refratométricas, o pH foi aferido através de um potenciômetro, o teor de vitamina C pela técnica da redução do iodo e a viscosidade aparente com viscosímetro de cilindros concêntricos. As determinações foram realizadas inicialmente (mês 0) e bimestralmente (2°, 4°, 6°, 8° e 10° mês). Os parâmetros de viscosidade e vitamina C foram os que mais variaram. O genótipo CL-2 se destacou no teor de sólidos solúveis totais e os R1 e R2 em teores de vitamina C. Os sucos analisados mostraram comportamento reológico não-newtoniano e pseudoplástico.

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Ameen, Arman, Alireza Bahrami, and Ibai Elosua Ansa. "Assessment of Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality in Library Group Study Rooms." Buildings 13, no. 5 (April 25, 2023): 1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051145.

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Human performance and health are among the most relevant topics in modern society, especially at young ages, when academic performance is indispensable. Thus, as humans spend most of their life inside a building, thermal comfort and indoor air quality are essential aspects of a room. The aim of the current study is to numerically evaluate the main thermal comfort parameters such as PMV and PPD as well as indoor air quality, i.e., CO2 concentration, in library group study rooms at the University of Gävle in Sweden. Rotroninc Measurement Solutions CL11 sensors were utilized for temperature measurements. Simulation models were created and validated based on building data as well as temperature measurements. Several simulations were conducted throughout the year, covering different periods. The results show that even though the ventilation system, with only temperature control, works as intended for maintaining thermal comfort, the CO2 concentration rises above 1000 ppm when more than one student occupies the rooms, which is not recommended by different thermal comfort ruling institutions. Consequently, a modification to the ventilation system control is recommended, changing it from temperature control to CO2 and temperature control.

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Rohdenburg, Markus, Martin Mayer, Max Grellmann, Carsten Jenne, Tobias Borrmann, Florian Kleemiss, Vladimir A. Azov, Knut R. Asmis, Simon Grabowsky, and Jonas Warneke. "Titelbild: Superelektrophiles Verhalten eines Anions demonstriert durch spontane Bindung von Edelgasen an [B12 Cl11 ]− (Angew. Chem. 27/2017)." Angewandte Chemie 129, no. 27 (June 9, 2017): 7789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201703996.

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Köckerling, Martin, Johannes B. Willems, and Paul D. Boyle. "[(Zr6B)Cl11-xI2+x] (0 ≤x≤ 6): A New Mixed-Halide Structure with Zigzag Chains of Clusters in Multiply Twinned Crystals." Inorganic Chemistry 40, no. 7 (March 2001): 1439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic991359v.

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Zhang, Yu-Lu, Xiao-Jing Guo, Xin Huang, Rong-Jun Guo, Xiao-Hong Lu, Shi-Dong Li, and Hao Zhang. "The Co-Association of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas with Specific Resistant Cucumber against Fusarium Wilt Disease." Biology 12, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12020143.

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The root microbiota contributes to the plant’s defense against stresses and pathogens. However, the co-association pattern of functional bacteria that improves plant resistance has not been interpreted clearly. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, the root bacterial community profiles of six cucumber cultivars with different resistance in response to the causative agent of cucumber Fusarium wilt (CFW), Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc), were analyzed. The principal coordinate analysis indicated that the interactions of the cultivars and pathogens drove the cucumber root bacterial communities (p = 0.001). The resistance-specific differential genera across the cultivars were identified, including Massilia in the resistant cultivars, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae in resistant CL11 and JY409, Pseudomonas in JY409, Cronobacter in moderately resistant ZN106, and unclassified Rhizobiaceae and Streptomyces in susceptible ZN6. The predominant root bacterium Massilia accounted for the relative abundance of up to 28.08–61.55%, but dramatically declined to 9.36% in Foc-inoculated susceptible ZN6. Pseudomonas ASV103 and ASV48 of Pseudomonadaceae and Cronobacter ASV162 of Enterobacteriaceae were consistently differential across the cultivars at the phylum, genus, and ASV levels. Using the culture-based method, antagonistic strains of Enterobacteriaceae with a high proportion of 51% were isolated. Furthermore, the bacterial complexes of Pantoea dispersa E318 + Pseudomonas koreensis Ps213 and Cronobacter spp. C1 + C7 reduced the disease index of CFW by 77.2% and 60.0% in the pot experiment, respectively. This study reveals the co-association of specific root bacteria with host plants and reveals insight into the suppressing mechanism of resistant cultivars against CFW disease by regulating the root microbiota.

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Koeckerling, Martin, Johannes B. Willems, and Paul D. Boyle. "ChemInform Abstract: [(Zr6B)Cl11-xI2+x] (0 ≤ x ≤ 6): A New Mixed-Halide Structure with Zigzag Chains of Clusters in Multiply Twinned Crystals." ChemInform 32, no. 28 (May 25, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200128006.

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Rohdenburg, Markus, Martin Mayer, Max Grellmann, Carsten Jenne, Tobias Borrmann, Florian Kleemiss, Vladimir A. Azov, Knut R. Asmis, Simon Grabowsky, and Jonas Warneke. "Cover Picture: Superelectrophilic Behavior of an Anion Demonstrated by the Spontaneous Binding of Noble Gases to [B12 Cl11 ]− (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 27/2017)." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 56, no. 27 (June 9, 2017): 7681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201703996.

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Agunbiade, J. A., B. O. Tolorunji, and H. A. Awojobi. "Shrimp waste meal supplementation of cassava products based diet fed to broiler chickens." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 31, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v31i2.1796.

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With the objective of investigating shrimp waste (SWM) and cassava leaf (CLM) meals as cheap alternatives and protein source mixtures that would best complement cassava root-soybean ration in total replacement for maize in broiler diets, six iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous diets were evaluated using two weeks old Anak broilers in a growth and digestibility trial lasting seven weeks. Diet I was a maize-soybean based control diet while diets 2 to 6 contained whole cassava root meal (WCRM) in total replacement for maize, energy for energy. Diet 2 had soybean meal (SBM) as a major source of protein taking the protein supplied by SBM in diet 2 as 100%, SBM, CLM and SWM were combined thus in diets 3/0.5SBM: 0.5SIM), 4 (0.5SBM: 0.25SWM: 0.25CLAI), 5(0.25 SBM: 0.5SWM: 0.25CLM) and 6(0.5 SWM: 0.5 CL11). Average daily feed intake, weight gain (P< 0.01) and efficiency of feed conversion (P<0.05) were significantly influenced by dietary treatments. Results indicate that replacing up to 50% supplemental protein of soybean meal with equal proportion of supplemental protein from SWM and CLM had no deleterious effects on rate and efficiency of weight gain in broiler chickens. While nutrient and energy digestibility and carcass characteristics except dressing percentage were unaffected by dietary treatment, there was indication that organs such as gizzard and small intestine were significantly tasked for digestive function, evident from the considerable increase in their weights in birds fed diets in which over 50% of soybean protein was replaced by SWM and CLM. Based on the observation from this study, it can be concluded that not more than 50% of the dietary protein contributed by soybean should be replaced by SWM and CLM as doing otherwise would bring about a worsening effect on the performance of broilers.

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Zhang, Xiang, Xiaoyu Gu, Yuhua Gao, Shipeng Nie, and Hongfei Lu. "(C5 H6 N4 O)(C5 H5 N4 O)3 (C5 H4 N4 O)[Bi2 Cl11 ]Cl2 as a simple and efficient catalyst in Biginelli reaction." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 31, no. 4 (October 4, 2016): e3590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.3590.

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Wiegner, Matthias, Ina Mattis, Margit Pattantyús-Ábrahám, Juan Antonio Bravo-Aranda, Yann Poltera, Alexander Haefele, Maxime Hervo, et al. "Aerosol backscatter profiles from ceilometers: validation of water vapor correction in the framework of CeiLinEx2015." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 471–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-471-2019.

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Abstract. With the rapidly growing number of automated single-wavelength backscatter lidars (ceilometers), their potential benefit for aerosol remote sensing received considerable scientific attention. When studying the accuracy of retrieved particle backscatter coefficients, it must be considered that most of the ceilometers are influenced by water vapor absorption in the spectral range around 910 nm. In the literature methodologies have been proposed to correct for this effect; however, a validation was not yet performed. In the framework of the ceilometer intercomparison campaign CeiLinEx2015 in Lindenberg, Germany, hosted by the German Weather Service, it was possible to tackle this open issue. Ceilometers from Lufft (CHM15k and CHM15kx, operating at 1064 nm), from Vaisala (CL51 and CL31) and from Campbell Scientific (CS135), all operating at a wavelength of approximately 910 nm, were deployed together with a multi-wavelength research lidar (RALPH) that served as a reference. In this paper the validation of the water vapor correction is performed by comparing ceilometer backscatter signals with measurements of the reference system extrapolated to the water vapor regime. One inherent problem of the validation is the spectral extrapolation of particle optical properties. For this purpose AERONET measurements and inversions of RALPH signals were used. Another issue is that the vertical range where validation is possible is limited to the upper part of the mixing layer due to incomplete overlap and the generally low signal-to-noise ratio and signal artifacts above that layer. Our intercomparisons show that the water vapor correction leads to quite a good agreement between the extrapolated reference signal and the measurements in the case of CL51 ceilometers at one or more wavelengths in the specified range of the laser diode's emission. This ambiguity is due to the similar effective water vapor transmission at several wavelengths. In the case of CL31 and CS135 ceilometers the validation was not always successful. That suggests that error sources beyond the water vapor absorption might be dominant. For future applications we recommend monitoring the emitted wavelength and providing “dark” measurements on a regular basis.

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Kuma, Peter, Adrian J. McDonald, Olaf Morgenstern, Richard Querel, Israel Silber, and Connor J. Flynn. "Ground-based lidar processing and simulator framework for comparing models and observations (ALCF 1.0)." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-43-2021.

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Abstract. Automatic lidars and ceilometers (ALCs) provide valuable information on cloud and aerosols but have not been systematically used in the evaluation of general circulation models (GCMs) and numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Obstacles associated with the diversity of instruments, a lack of standardisation of data products and open processing tools mean that the value of large ALC networks worldwide is not being realised. We discuss a tool, called the Automatic Lidar and Ceilometer Framework (ALCF), that overcomes these problems and also includes a ground-based lidar simulator, which calculates the radiative transfer of laser radiation and allows one-to-one comparison with models. Our ground-based lidar simulator is based on the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator Package (COSP), which has been extensively used for spaceborne lidar intercomparisons. The ALCF implements all steps needed to transform and calibrate raw ALC data and create simulated attenuated volume backscattering coefficient profiles for one-to-one comparison and complete statistical analysis of clouds. The framework supports multiple common commercial ALCs (Vaisala CL31, CL51, Lufft CHM 15k and Droplet Measurement Technologies MiniMPL), reanalyses (JRA-55, ERA5 and MERRA-2) and models (the Unified Model and AMPS – the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System). To demonstrate its capabilities, we present case studies evaluating cloud in the supported reanalyses and models using CL31, CL51, CHM 15k and MiniMPL observations at three sites in New Zealand. We show that the reanalyses and models generally underestimate cloud fraction. If sufficiently high-temporal-resolution model output is available (better than 6-hourly), a direct comparison of individual clouds is also possible. We demonstrate that the ALCF can be used as a generic evaluation tool to examine cloud occurrence and cloud properties in reanalyses, NWP models, and GCMs, potentially utilising the large amounts of ALC data already available. This tool is likely to be particularly useful for the analysis and improvement of low-level cloud simulations which are not well monitored from space. This has previously been identified as a critical deficiency in contemporary models, limiting the accuracy of weather forecasts and future climate projections. While the current focus of the framework is on clouds, support for aerosol in the lidar simulator is planned in the future.

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Hu, Yajun, Junzhi Zhang, Minglang Cai, Wuying Chu, and Yi Hu. "Methionine-Mediated Regulation of Intestinal Lipid Transportation Induced by High-Fat Diet in Rice Field Eel (Monopterus Albus)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2023 (March 16, 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5533414.

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An eight-week feeding trial explored the mechanism that supplemented methionine (0 g/kg, 4 g/kg, 8 g/kg, and 12 g/kg) in a high-fat diet (120 g/kg fat) on intestinal lipid transportation and gut microbiota of M. Albus (initial weight 25.03 ± 0.13 g) based on the diet (60 g/kg fat), named as Con, HFD+M0, HFD+M4, HFD+M8, and HFD+M12, respectively. Compared with Con, gastric amylase, lipase, trypsin ( P < 0.05 ), and intestinal lipase, amylase, trypsin, Na+/K+ -Adenosinetriphosphatase, depth of gastric fovea, and the number of intestinal villus goblet cells of HFD+M0 were markedly declined ( P < 0.05 ), while intestinal high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein of HFD+M0 were markedly enhanced ( P < 0.05 ); compared with HFD+M0, gastric lipase, amylase, trypsin, and intestinal lipase, trypsin, Na+/K+ -Adenosinetriphosphatase, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein -A, the height of intestinal villus and the number of intestinal villus goblet cells of HFD+M8 were remarkably enhanced ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with Con, intestinal occ, cl12, cl15, zo-1, zo-2 of HFD + M0 were markedly down-regulated (P <0.05), while intestinal vldlr, npc1l1, cd36, fatp1, fatp2, fatp6, fatp7, apo, apoa, apob, apof, apoo, mct1, mct2, mct4, mct7, mct12, lpl, mttp, moat2, dgat2 of HFD M0 were remarkably upregulated ( P < 0.05 ); compared with HFD+M0, intestinal gcn2 and eif2α of HFD+M8 were remarkably downregulated ( P < 0.05 ), intestinal occ, cl12, cl15, zo-1, zo-2, hdlbp, ldlrap, vldlr, cd36, fatp1, fatp2, fatp6, apo, apoa, apob, apof, apoo, mct1, mct2, mct8, mct12, lpl, mttp, moat2, and dgat2 were remarkably upregulated ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with Con, the diversity of gut microbiota of HFD+M0 was significantly declined ( P < 0.05 ), while the diversity of gut microbiota in HFD+M8 was significantly higher than that in HFD+M0 ( P < 0.05 ). In conclusion, a high-fat methionine deficiency diet destroyed the intestinal barrier, reduced the capacity of intestinal digestion and absorption, and disrupted the balance of gut microbiota; supplemented methionine promoted the digestion and absorption of lipids, and also improved the balance of gut microbiota.

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Paul, Mritunjoy, Parimal Sardar, Narottam Prasad Sahu, Prasanta Jana, Ashutosh Dharmendra Deo, Vungurala Harikrishna, Tincy Varghese, Nazeema Shamna, Pankaj Kumar, and Gopal Krishna. "Effect of Dietary Lipid Level on Growth Performance, Body Composition, and Physiometabolic Responses of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) Juveniles Reared in Inland Ground Saline Water." Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 (November 11, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5345479.

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A 60-day feeding trial was carried out to determine the effect of dietary lipid levels on growth and physiometabolic responses to optimize the dietary lipid requirement for maximizing the growth of Genetically Improved FarmedTilapia (GIFT) juveniles reared in inland ground saline water (IGSW) of medium salinity (15 ppt). Formulation and preparation of seven heterocaloric (389.56-449.02 Kcal digestible energy/100 g), heterolipidic (40-160 g/kg), and isonitrogenous (410 g/kg crude protein) purified diets were done for conducting the feeding trial. Random distribution of 315 acclimatized fish (mean weight 1.90 ± 0.01 g) was made in seven experimental groups such as CL4 (40 g/kg lipid), CL6 (60 g/kg lipid), CL8 (80 g/kg lipid), CL10 (100 g/kg lipid), CL12 (120 g/kg lipid), CP14 (140 g/kg lipid), and CL16 (160 g/kg lipid) with 15 fish per triplicate tank (fish density, 0.21 kg/m3). Respective diets were used for feeding the fish at satiation level three times daily. Results indicated that weight gain percentage (WG%), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio, and protease activity significantly increased up to 100 g lipid/kg fed group, and then the values significantly decreased. Muscle ribonucleic acid (RNA) content and lipase activity were highest in 120 g/kg lipid-fed group. RNA/DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and serum high-density lipoproteins levels of 100 g/kg lipid-fed group were significantly higher than 140, and 160 g/kg lipid-fed groups. The lowest feed conversion ratio was found in the 100 g/kg lipid-fed group. The amylase activity was significantly higher in 40 and 60 g lipid/kg fed groups. The whole-body lipid level was increased with increasing the dietary lipid levels, whereas, there was no significant difference in whole-body moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents of all groups. Highest serum glucose, total protein and albumin, and albumin to globulin ratio and lowest low-density lipoproteins level were found in 140 and 160 g/kg lipid-fed groups. Serum osmolality and osmoregulatory capacity did not vary significantly, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed an increased and decreased trend, respectively, with the increasing dietary lipid levels. According to second-order polynomial regression analysis based on WG% and SGR, the optimum dietary lipid for GIFT juveniles in IGSW of 15 ppt salinity was found to be 99.1 and 100.1 g/kg, respectively.

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Saputra, Arya Dwi, Kusmartono Kusmartono, Mashudi Mashudi, and Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru. "Volatile fatty acids concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis of concentrate cassava peel diet with different levels of protein sources." E3S Web of Conferences 335 (2022): 00029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233500029.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of protein sources in a concentrate cassava peel diet on volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS) by in vitro method. The five diet treatments in this study consisted of cassava meal (CM), cassava peel (CP), cassava leaves (CL) and moringa leaves (ML) with the proportion applied were T1=CM70% + CP20% + CL5% + ML5%; T2=CM60% + CP20% + CL10% + ML10%; T3=CM50% + CP20% + CL15% + ML15%; T4=CM40% + CP20% + CL20% + ML20%; T5=CM30% + CP20% + CL25% + ML25%. The experiment used a randomized block design with five treatments and three replications. The results showed that increasing the level of protein sources in the ration tended to increase the value of total VFA, acetate, propionate, CO2, and CH4 in which T3 had the highest values. However, the effect of treatments were significant in EMPS value (P<0.01). It was concluded that increasing levels of cassava and moringa leaves in the concentrate cassava peel diet tended to increase the value of total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, CO2, and CH4 which led to a significant increase in EMPS values.

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Ijoma, Grace N., Gbenga Adegbenro, Charles Rashama, and Tonderayi S. Matambo. "Peculiar Response in the Co-Culture Fermentation of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum for the Production of ABE Solvents." Fermentation 7, no. 4 (September 29, 2021): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7040212.

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Two bacterial strains (CL11A and CL11D) that are capable of ABE fermentation, identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Weissella cibari, were isolated from the soil surrounding the roots of bean plants. Another strain (ZM 3A), identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, which is capable of purely ethanolic fermentation was isolated from sugarcane. Glucose was used as a standard substrate to investigate the performance of these strains in mono—and co-culture fermentation for ABE production. The performance parameters employed in this study were substrate degradation rates, product and metabolite yields, pH changes and microbial growth rates. Both ABE isolates were capable of producing the three solvents but Leuconostoc mesenteroides had a higher specificity for ethanol than Weissella cibari. The co-culturing of Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus plantarum enhanced ethanol production at the expense of both acetone and butanol, and also influenced the final substrate consumption rate and product yield. The experiments indicated the potential of these niche environments for the isolation of ABE-producing microorganisms. This study contributes to the formulation of ideal microbial co-culture and consortia fermentation, which seeks to maximize the yield and production rates of favored products.

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Белошапка, Валерий Константинович, and Valerii Konstantinovich Beloshapka. "О сложности дифференциально-алгебраического описания классов аналитической сложности." Matematicheskie Zametki 105, no. 3 (2019): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4213/mzm12056.

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Цель работы - проследить как нарастает сложность описания классов аналитической сложности (введенных автором в предыдущих работах) при переходе от класса $Cl_1$ к классу $Cl_2$. Для этого приводится описание двух подклассов $Cl_2$, выходящих за рамки $Cl_1$, а именно, $Cl_1^+$ и $Cl_1^{++}$ с точки зрения сложности определяющих их дифференциальных уравнений. Оказалось, что $Cl_1^+$ имеет достаточно простые определяющие соотношения: два дифференциальных полинома дифференциального порядка $5$ и алгебраической степени $6$ (теорема 1); тогда как полученный критерий принадлежности функции $Cl_1^{++}$ это одно соотношение порядка $6$ и пять соотношений порядка $7$, которые имеют степень $435$ (теорема 2). В работе обсуждается феномен "падения сложности", в частности, дается явное описание тех функций класса $Cl_1^+$, которые содержатся в $Cl_1$ (теорема 3). Библиография: 6 названий.

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Bedoya-Velásquez, Andres E., Manuela Hoyos-Restrepo, Africa Barreto, Rosa D. García, Pedro Miguel Romero-Campos, Omaira García, Ramón Ramos, et al. "Estimation of the Mass Concentration of Volcanic Ash Using Ceilometers: Study of Fresh and Transported Plumes from La Palma Volcano." Remote Sensing 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 5680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14225680.

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This study presents a synergistic approach to the study of the aerosol optical and microphysical properties measured in La Palma, Spain, during the 2021 eruption of the Cumbre Vieja volcano (from 19 September to 13 December 2021). This study aims to characterize the different phases of the volcanic eruption using the spatio-temporal evolution of the event together with the mass concentration quantification of four different atmospheric layers. The impact of the plume’s pathway that reached the South of France is analyzed. Here, passive and active remote sensors were used, namely CL51 and CL61 ceilometers and AERONET sunphotometers. The attenuated backscattering ranged from 0.8 to 9.1 × 10−6 (msr)−1 and the volume depolarization ratio measured nearby the volcano was up to 0.3. The ash plume remained within the first 4 km agl, with intense episodes that reached mean aerosol optical depth values of up to 0.4. Thirteen study cases were selected where coarse mode was dominant over fine mode. For the data selection, the fine and coarse lidar ratios found were 3.9 ± 0.8 and 21.0 ± 3.8 sr in the north and 6.9 ± 1.8 and 30.1 ± 10.3 sr in the south. The ash mass concentration reached moderate levels with maximum values of up to 313.7 μgm−3.

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Evaristo, Francisco Flávio Vasconcelos, Maria Rose Jane R. Albuquerque, Hélcio Silva dos Santos, Paulo Nogueira Bandeira, Fábio do Nascimento Ávila, Bruno Rocha da Silva, Ariana Azevedo Vasconcelos, et al. "Antimicrobial Effect of the Triterpene 3β,6β,16β-Trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene on Planktonic Cells and Biofilms from Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/729358.

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This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of 3β,6β,16β-trihydroxylup-20(29)-ene (CLF1), a triterpene isolated fromCombretum leprosumMart., in inhibiting the planktonic growth and biofilms of Gram positive bacteriaStreptococcus mutansandS. mitis. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antibiofilm potential was determined by quantifying total biomass and enumerating biofilm-entrapped viable bacteria. In addition, the acute toxicity of CLF1 onArtemiasp. nauplii was also determined. The results showed that CLF1 was able in inhibiting the growth ofS. mutansandS. mitiswith MIC and MBC of 7.8 μg/mL and 15.6 μg/mL, respectively. CLF1 was highly effective on biofilms of both bacteria. Only 7.8 μg/mL CLF1 was enough to inhibit by 97% and 90% biomass production ofS. mutansandS. mitis, respectively. On the other hand, such effects were not evident on Gram negativePseudomonas aeruginosaandKlebsiella oxytoca. The toxicity tests showed that the LC50of CLF1 was 98.19 μg/mL. Therefore, CLF1 isolated fromC. leprosummay constitute an important natural agent for the development of new therapies for caries and other infectious diseases caused byS. mutansandS. mitis.

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Makarov, Alexander Yu, Irina Yu Bagryanskaya, Yulia M. Volkova, Makhmut M. Shakirov, and Andrey V. Zibarev. "Salts of Sterically Hindered Chalcogen-Varied Herz Cations Including Those with [Te3 Cl14 ]2- and [Te4 Cl18 ]2- Anions." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2018, no. 11 (March 22, 2018): 1322–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201701470.

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Mohammed, Elsayed S. I., Rasha Radey, and Mohamed S. Ahmed. "Modulation of claudins expression in the gastrointestinal tract by probiotics." Journal of Experimental and Applied Animal Sciences 3, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20454/jeaas.2019.1585.

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The aim was to examine the expression of tight junction proteins, namely claudins 1 and 5 (CLD1 and 5) and the effects of probiotics-feeding on their expression in the gastrointestinal tract. In experiment 1, the expression of CLD1 and 5 was examined in chicks fed with starter rations for 7 days post-hatching. At day 7 the proventriculus, ileum, cecum and colon were collected for RT-PCR analysis of CLD1 and 5 gene expression. In experiment 2, the chicks were arranged in 3 groups: control group, probiotics group I and probiotics group II, which were fed with starter rations containing 0, 0.2 or 0.4% probiotics, respectively, for 14 days. The proventriculus, ileum, cecum and colon were collected in all groups at D0, D7 and D14 for analysis of CLD1 and 5 expressions by real time PCR. The expressions of CLD1 and 5 were detectable in all segments. Probiotics-feeding did not affect the expression of the CLD1 at D7 and D14 in the proventriculus, ileum and cecum. However, in the colon the expression of CLD1 was higher in probiotic group I than control and probiotics group II. The expression of CLD5 did not show significant differences except in the colon at D7 where control group was higher than that of D0 and D14 and higher in probiotic group I than probiotics group II. These results suggest that probiotics-feeding may not have effects on the gene expressions of CLD1 and 5 in the proventriculus, ileum and cecum. In contrast, probiotics-feeding may enhance the expression of CLD1 in the colon of broiler chicks. This result suggest that probiotics-feeding enhanced the expression of CLD1 in the colon and may help in maintaining tight junction functions and reducing the risk by pathogenic invasions.

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Hensley, Sarah A., Jong-Hyun Jung, Cheon-Seok Park, and James F. Holden. "Thermococcus paralvinellae sp. nov. and Thermococcus cleftensis sp. nov. of hyperthermophilic heterotrophs from deep-sea hydrothermal vents." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_11 (November 1, 2014): 3655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.066100-0.

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Two heterotrophic hyperthermophilic strains, ES1T and CL1T, were isolated from Paralvinella sp. polychaete worms collected from active hydrothermal vent chimneys in the north-eastern Pacific Ocean. Both were obligately anaerobic and produced H2S in the presence of elemental sulfur and H2. Complete genome sequences are available for both strains. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains are more than 97 % similar to most other species of the genus Thermococcus . Therefore, overall genome relatedness index analyses were performed to establish that these strains are novel species. For each analysis, strain ES1T was determined to be most similar to Thermococcus barophilus MPT, while strain CL1T was determined to be most similar to Thermococcus sp. 4557. The average nucleotide identity scores for these strains were 84 % for strain ES1T and 81 % for strain CL1T, genome-to-genome direct comparison scores were 23 % for strain ES1T and 47 % for strain CL1T, and the species identification scores were 89 % for strain ES1T and 88 % for strain CL1T. For each analysis, strains ES1T and CL1T were below the species delineation cut-off. Therefore, based on their whole genome sequences, strains ES1T and CL1T are suggested to represent novel species of the genus Thermococcus for which the names Thermococcus paralvinellae sp. nov. and Thermococcus cleftensis sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains are ES1T ( = DSM 27261T = KACC 17923T) and CL1T ( = DSM 27260T = KACC 17922T).

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Hünnefeld, Max, Ulrike Viets, Vikas Sharma, Astrid Wirtz, Aël Hardy, and Julia Frunzke. "Genome Sequence of the Bacteriophage CL31 and Interaction with the Host Strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032." Viruses 13, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13030495.

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In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the genomic features of the phage CL31 and the infection dynamics with the biotechnologically relevant host strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. Genome sequencing and annotation of CL31 revealed a 45-kbp genome composed of 72 open reading frames, mimicking the GC content of its host strain (54.4%). An ANI-based distance matrix showed the highest similarity of CL31 to the temperate corynephage Φ16. While the C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 wild type strain showed only mild propagation of CL31, a strain lacking the cglIR-cglIIR-cglIM restriction-modification system was efficiently infected by this phage. Interestingly, the prophage-free strain C. glutamicum MB001 featured an even accelerated amplification of CL31 compared to the ∆resmod strain suggesting a role of cryptic prophage elements in phage defense. Proteome analysis of purified phage particles and transcriptome analysis provide important insights into structural components of the phage and the response of C. glutamicum to CL31 infection. Isolation and sequencing of CL31-resistant strains revealed SNPs in genes involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis suggesting a role of this cell envelope component in phage adsorption. Altogether, these results provide an important basis for further investigation of phage-host interactions in this important biotechnological model organism.

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Dahmann, C., and B. Futcher. "Specialization of B-type cyclins for mitosis or meiosis in S. cerevisiae." Genetics 140, no. 3 (July 1, 1995): 957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/140.3.957.

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Abstract The CLB1, CLB2, and CLB3 genes encode B-type cyclins important for mitosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while a fourth B-type cyclin gene, CLB4, has no clear role. The effects of homozygous clb mutations on meiosis were examined. Mutants homozygous for clb1 clb3, or for clb1 clb4, gave high levels of sporulation, but produced mainly two-spored asci instead of four-spored asci. The cells had completed meiosis I but not meiosis II, producing viable diploid ascospores. CLB1 and CLB4 seem to be much more important for meiosis than for mitosis and may play some special role in meiosis II. In contrast, CLB2 is important for mitosis but not meiosis. The level of Cdc28-Clb activity may be important in determining whether meiosis II will occur.

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37

Jin, Fei, Shangfeng Yang, Maria A. Fritz, Erhard Kemnitz, and Sergey I. Troyanov. "Chloro Derivatives of Isomers of a Giant Fullerene C104: C104(234)Cl16/18, C104(812)Cl12/24, and C104(811)Cl28." Chemistry - A European Journal 23, no. 20 (March 20, 2017): 4761–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201700079.

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Yang, Shangfeng, Song Wang, and Sergey I. Troyanov. "The Most Stable Isomers of Giant Fullerenes C102and C104Captured as Chlorides, C102(603)Cl18/20and C104(234)Cl16/18/20/22." Chemistry - A European Journal 20, no. 23 (April 30, 2014): 6875–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201402028.

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Kotthaus, Simone, Ewan O'Connor, Christoph Münkel, Cristina Charlton-Perez, Martial Haeffelin, Andrew M. Gabey, and C. Sue B. Grimmond. "Recommendations for processing atmospheric attenuated backscatter profiles from Vaisala CL31 ceilometers." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 8 (August 17, 2016): 3769–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3769-2016.

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Abstract. Ceilometer lidars are used for cloud base height detection, to probe aerosol layers in the atmosphere (e.g. detection of elevated layers of Saharan dust or volcanic ash), and to examine boundary layer dynamics. Sensor optics and acquisition algorithms can strongly influence the observed attenuated backscatter profiles; therefore, physical interpretation of the profiles requires careful application of corrections. This study addresses the widely deployed Vaisala CL31 ceilometer. Attenuated backscatter profiles are studied to evaluate the impact of both the hardware generation and firmware version. In response to this work and discussion within the CL31/TOPROF user community (TOPROF, European COST Action aiming to harmonise ground-based remote sensing networks across Europe), Vaisala released new firmware (versions 1.72 and 2.03) for the CL31 sensors. These firmware versions are tested against previous versions, showing that several artificial features introduced by the data processing have been removed. Hence, it is recommended to use this recent firmware for analysing attenuated backscatter profiles. To allow for consistent processing of historic data, correction procedures have been developed that account for artefacts detected in data collected with older firmware. Furthermore, a procedure is proposed to determine and account for the instrument-related background signal from electronic and optical components. This is necessary for using attenuated backscatter observations from any CL31 ceilometer. Recommendations are made for the processing of attenuated backscatter observed with Vaisala CL31 sensors, including the estimation of noise which is not provided in the standard CL31 output. After taking these aspects into account, attenuated backscatter profiles from Vaisala CL31 ceilometers are considered capable of providing valuable information for a range of applications including atmospheric boundary layer studies, detection of elevated aerosol layers, and model verification.

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Kuipers, Jette A., Fred Boer, Erik Olofsen, Wim Olieman, Arie A. Vletter, Anton G. L. Burm, and James G. Bovill. "Recirculatory and Compartmental Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Alfentanil in Pigs." Anesthesiology 90, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 1146–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199904000-00030.

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Background Cardiac output (CO) is likely to influence the pharmacokinetics of anesthetic drugs and should be accounted for in pharmacokinetic models. The influence of CO on the pharmacokinetic parameters of alfentanil in pigs was evaluated using compartmental and recirculatory models. Methods Twenty-four premedicated pigs were evaluated during halothane (0.6-2%) anesthesia. They were assigned randomly to one of three groups. One group served as control. In the other groups, the baseline CO was decreased or increased by 40% by pharmacologic intervention (propranolol or dobutamine). Boluses of alfentanil (2 mg) and indocyanine green (25 mg) were injected into the right atrium. Blood samples were taken for 150 min from the right atrium and aortic root. Arterial concentration-time curves of indocyanine green and alfentanil were analyzed using compartmental models (two-stage and mixed-effects approach) and a recirculatory model, which can describe lung uptake and early distribution. Results The CO of individual pigs varied from 1.33 to 6.44 l/min. Three-compartmental modeling showed that CO is a determinant of the central compartment volume (V1, r2 = 0.54), fast peripheral compartment volume (V2, r2 = 0.29), steady state distribution volume (Vss, r2 = 0.29), fast distribution clearance (Cl12, r2 = 0.39), and elimination clearance (Cl10, r2 = 0.51). Recirculatory modeling showed that CO is a determinant of total distribution volume (r2 = 0.48), elimination clearance (r2 = 0.54), and some distribution clearances. The pulmonary distribution volume was independent of CO. Conclusions Cardiac output markedly influences the pharmacokinetics of alfentanil in pigs. Therefore, accounting for CO enhances the predictive value of pharmacokinetic models of alfentanil.

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Crivelli Montero, Eduardo, and Fernando Fernandez. "La industria lítica del sitio Cañadón Las Coloradas 1, un sitio de molienda en el noroeste de la Patagonia argentina." Revista del Museo de La Plata 7, no. 1 (April 15, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/25456377e155.

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El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de caracterizar tecnológica, tipológica y funcionalmente la industria lítica del alero Cañadón Las Coloradas 1 (CLC1). Este sitio arqueológico está ubicado en la zona de Alicurá (provincia de Río Negro), cuenca media del río Limay. Cuenta con ocupaciones humanas desde el Holoceno tardío final (1525 ± 80 14C AP) hasta tiempos históricos (hallazgos de restos de fauna exótica). De toda la secuencia prehispánica de CLC1 se recuperaron abundantes rodados fluviales medianos y grandes de rocas volcánicas, plutónicas y metamórficas que, sumariamente tallados, fueron utilizados por percusión y fricción, así como también reactivados in situ. Los denominamos machacadores. La gama del instrumental de CLC1 presenta una riqueza elevada, una diversidad baja y una composición bien diferente de la de otros sitios arqueológicos cercanos en espacio y tiempo. Se interpreta que CLC1 tuvo ocupaciones breves no residenciales, especializadas en tareas de molienda, con actividad de taller para producción y reactivación de instrumentos líticos masivos que actuaron por fricción. Estas características le confieren un papel singular en el área durante el Holoceno tardío en un marco regional de intensificación en la explotación de los recursos. Aunque los productos que se molieron en CLC1 aún se desconocen, la existencia de este sitio comporta una utilización del espacio diferente, más organizada que en tiempos anteriores.

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Oliveira, Gleicy Kelly de, Ludmila Cristina Oliveira, and Giovana Augusta Torres. "Distribuição de sequências subteloméricas no genoma C de Solanum." Semina: Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde 38, no. 1supl (February 16, 2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2017v38n1suplp154.

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As sequências subteloméricas CL14 e CL34 foram identificadas em Solanum. tuberosum (genoma A) como longos arranjos adjacentes aos telômeros, sendo localizadas exclusivamente na região terminal dos cromossomos. CL14 está presente também em outras espécies do genoma A e também nos genomas B, P, T e E do gênero, enquanto CL34 foi encontrada apenas em espécies do genoma A. Foi mostrado que essas sequências são muito dinâmicas e evoluem rapidamente nos genomas estudados, mas não foi feita ainda a caracterização nos genomas C e D presentes apenas em espécies poliploides. Esse trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a presença e distribuição dessas duas sequências no genoma C, na espécie alopoliploide Solanum agrimonifolium (2n=4x=48; AACC). Os cromossomos metafásicos foram hibridizados com as sondas CL14 e CL34, marcadas com biotina e digoxigenina. A detecção das sondas foi feita com o uso dos anticorpos antibiotina e antidigoxigenina, conjugados com fluorocromos FITC e rodamina, respectivamente, e os cromossomos contracorados com DAPI (diamidinefenilindole). A sonda CL14 foi mais abundante, estando presente nas regiões terminais de 17 pares de cromossomos, enquanto CL34 foi observada em 6 pares. Foi observada co-localização das duas sondas em três extremidades cromossômicas. Considerando que o genoma de S. agrimonifolium apresenta 12 pares de genoma A e 12 do genoma C, podemos inferir que o genoma C também apresenta a sequência CL14 nos subtelômeros, o que também evidencia a origem mais antiga dessa sequência. Uma característica inédita observada em S. agrimonifolium foi a presença de CL14 na região intersticial de um par cromossômico. Isso pode estar relacionado à fusão de cromossomos com posterior preservação das sequências subteloméricas. A repetição CL34 observada provavelmente pertence apenas ao genoma A, estando ausente no genoma C, assim como nos genomas previamente estudados. Os resultados confirmam que CL14 é uma repetição mais ancestral, abundante e com ampla distribuição no gênero Solanum, enquanto CL34 é relativamente mais recente. Apoio Financeiro: FAPEMIG, CAPES e CNPq

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43

Yang, Shangfeng, Tao Wei, and Sergey I. Troyanov. "Chlorination of Two Isomers of C86Fullerene: Molecular Structures of C86(16)Cl16, C86(17)Cl18, C86(17)Cl20, and C86(17)Cl22." Chemistry - A European Journal 20, no. 44 (September 15, 2014): 14198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201404300.

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Smith, Paula B., and James B. Turpen. "Expression of a Leukocyte-Specific Antigen During Ontogeny inXenopus Laevis." Developmental Immunology 1, no. 4 (1991): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/60923.

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The monoclonal antibody CL21 recognizes a determinant present on the surface of leukocytes, but not on erythrocytes or nonhemopoietic tissue. The CL21 antigen was first expressed at 48 hr of development at 20°C (stage 28) on embryonic cells cultured from lateral plate mesoderm. Based on immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis, the distribution of fluorescence intensity of larval thymocytes and splenocytes was unimodal. Distributions of dull and bright cells were detected in both adult thymocytes and splenocytes. These different subpopulations appeared during the late perimetamorphic period. Adult splenocytes were metabolically activated when cultured in the presence of mAb CL21 bound to a substrate but not in the presence of mAb CL21 in suspension. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE under nonreducing conditions revealed that a single 180-kD molecule was expressed on thymocytes. Analysis of splenocytes demonstrated the presence of two molecules having similar molecular mass that resolved to a single band under reducing conditions.

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Luesink, Maaike, Jeroen Pennings, Willemijn Wissink, Peter Linssen, Petra Muus, Rolf Pfundt, Richard Huijbens, Theo de Witte, Bert van der Reijden, and Joop H. Jansen. "Chemokine Induction by All-Trans Retinoic Acid in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia - Triggering the Retinoic Acid Syndrome." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2980.2980.

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Abstract The most important complication of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatment in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is the retinoic acid syndrome (RAS), a life-threatening hyper-inflammatory reaction with a distinct capillary leak syndrome and multi-organ failure. Once established, the syndrome has proven very difficult to manage. Early recognition in combination with prompt corticosteroid treatment significantly reduces the mortality rate of patients with this syndrome. Nonetheless, still 15% of the induction deaths in APL is caused by RAS. The pathogenic mechanism of the hyper-inflammatory cascade in RAS is not fully understood yet. Infiltration of differentiating APL cells in the lung is important in the development of RAS. In addition, differentiation of APL cells by ATRA is associated with increased expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules in vitro and it has been hypothesized that this is important for the triggering of the hyper-inflammatory cascade in RAS. We investigated the effect of ATRA on the expression and secretion of chemokines in APL cells in vitro and in vivo. Using microarray, quantitative PCR and ELISA we demonstrated significant induction (up to 16000-fold) of 8 CC-chemokines (CCLs) in the NB4 APL cell line after differentiation induction with ATRA in vitro. To demonstrate the significance of chemokine induction by ATRA in vivo, we measured plasma levels of CCLs in 3 APL patients, treated with a combination of ATRA, idarubicine and prednisone according to the AIDA-2000/P protocol. One of these patients developed an obvious retinoic acid syndrome. During therapy we observed increased plasma levels of 3 CCLs in all three patients. Induction of 5 other CCLs (CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CCL8, CL11) was only observed during RAS, suggesting that upregulation of these 5 CC-chemokines is specific for RAS. To investigate whether the plasma levels of CC-chemokines are functionally relevant, we measured chemo-attraction of peripheral blood leukocytes towards plasma of an APL patient who developed RAS using a transwell system. Plasma from this patient during RAS showed significant more chemo-attraction than plasma from the same patient before treatment with ATRA, idarubicine and prednisone. Subsequently we investigated whether the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone in RAS can be ascribed to downregulation of chemokine expression in APL cells. Despite dexamethasone, the induction of chemokine expression in NB4 cells by ATRA sustained. We conclude that ATRA causes massive secretion of chemokines by APL cells, which might trigger the hyper-inflammatory cascade in RAS by continuous attraction of APL cells and other inflammatory cells towards tissues like the lung. Dexamethasone does not abrogate the production of CC-chemokines by APL cells, but rather seems to inhibit the hyper-inflammatory cascade at the level of the effector cells and target tissues like the lung. This might explain why dexamethasone is not able to sufficiently reverse a retinoic acid syndrome once it has been established. The application of neutralizing CC-chemokine receptor antibodies or other antagonists might be an alternative route to treat an established retinoic acid syndrome.

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Huang, K. M., L. Gullberg, K. K. Nelson, C. J. Stefan, K. Blumer, and S. K. Lemmon. "Novel functions of clathrin light chains: clathrin heavy chain trimerization is defective in light chain-deficient yeast." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 7 (April 1, 1997): 899–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.7.899.

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Clathrin is a major coat protein involved in sorting and retention of proteins at the late Golgi and in endocytosis from the cell surface. The clathrin triskelion contains three heavy chains, which provide the structural backbone of the clathrin lattice and three light chains, which are thought to regulate the formation or disassembly of clathrin coats. To better understand the function of the clathrin light chain, we characterized yeast strains carrying a disruption of the clathrin light chain gene (CLC1). Light chain-deficient cells showed phenotypes similar to those displayed by yeast that have a disruption in the clathrin heavy chain gene (CHC1). In clc1-delta cells, the steady state level of the clathrin heavy chain was reduced to 20%-25% of wild-type levels and most of the heavy chain was not trimerized. If CHC1 was overexpressed in clc1-delta cells, heavy chain trimers were detected and several clc1-delta phenotypes were partially rescued. These results indicate that the light chain is important for heavy chain trimerization and the heavy chain still has some function in the absence of the light chain. In yeast, deletion of CHC1 is lethal in strains carrying the scd1-i allele, while strains carrying the scd1-v allele can survive without the heavy chain. In previous studies we isolated several multicopy suppressors of inviability of chc1-delta scd1-i cells. Surprisingly, one of these suppressors, SCD4, is identical to CLC1. Overexpression of CLC1 in viable chc1-delta scd1-v strains rescued some but not all of the phenotypes displayed by these cells. In the absence of the heavy chain, the light chain was not found in a high molecular mass complex, but still associated with membranes. These results suggest that the light chain can function independently of the clathrin heavy chain in yeast.

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Kim, Hyung Don, Ji Yeon Lee, Jeong-Yong Park, Dong Hwi Kim, Min Hye Kang, Hyun-A. Seong, Kyung Hye Seo, and Yun-Jeong Ji. "Neuroprotective Effects of Coreopsis lanceolata Flower Extract against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Neuronal Cells and Mice." Antioxidants 10, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060951.

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(1) Background: Coreopsis lanceolata L. is a perennial plant of the family Asteraceae, and its flower is known to contain flavonoids with various bioactivities. We evaluated the effect of Coreopsis lanceolata L. flower (CLF) extracts on H2O2-induced oxidative stress (OS) in neuronal cells and mouse neurons. (2) Methods: The flowering part of CL was used as CLF1 (70% ethanol extract) and CLF2 (water extract), and 10 types of phenolic compounds were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of CLF, the antioxidant activities of the extracts were measured, and the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and proteins related to OS-induced apoptosis in neuronal cells and mouse neurons treated with the extracts were investigated. (3) Results: In the in vitro study, CLF ameliorated H2O2-induced oxidative stress and induced the expression of antioxidant enzymes in PC12 cells. Furthermore, CLF1 enhanced the expression of the Bcl-xL protein but reduced the expression of Bax and the cleavage of caspase-3. In the same manner, CLF1 showed neuroprotective effects against OS in vivo. Pretreatment with CLF1 (200 mg/kg) increased the Bcl-2 protein and decreased Bax compared with the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-treated C57BL/6 mice model group. Our results suggest that the protective effects of CLF1 on MPP+-induced apoptosis may be due to its anti-apoptotic activity, through regulating the expression of the Bcl-2 family. (4) Conclusions: CLF1 exerts neuroprotective effects against OS-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells in a Parkinson’s disease model mouse. This effect may be attributable to the upregulation of Bcl-2 protein expression, downregulation of Bax expression, and inhibition of caspase-3 activation. These data indicate that CLF may provide therapeutic value for the treatment of progressive neurodegenerative diseases.

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Boettner, Douglas R., Helena Friesen, Brenda Andrews, and Sandra K. Lemmon. "Clathrin light chain directs endocytosis by influencing the binding of the yeast Hip1R homologue, Sla2, to F-actin." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 19 (October 2011): 3699–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-07-0628.

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The role of clathrin light chain (CLC) in clathrin-mediated endocytosis is not completely understood. Previous studies showed that the CLC N-terminus (CLC-NT) binds the Hip1/Hip1R/Sla2 family of membrane/actin–binding factors and that overexpression of the CLC-NT in yeast suppresses endocytic defects of clathrin heavy-chain mutants. To elucidate the mechanistic basis for this suppression, we performed synthetic genetic array analysis with a clathrin CLC-NT deletion mutation (clc1-Δ19-76). clc1-Δ19-76 suppressed the internalization defects of null mutations in three late endocytic factors: amphiphysins (rvs161 and rvs167) and verprolin (vrp1). In actin sedimentation assays, CLC binding to Sla2 inhibited Sla2 interaction with F-actin. Furthermore, clc1-Δ19-76 suppression of the rvs and vrp phenotypes required the Sla2 actin-binding talin-Hip1/R/Sla2 actin-tethering C-terminal homology domain, suggesting that clc1-Δ19-76 promotes internalization by prolonging actin engagement by Sla2. We propose that CLC directs endocytic progression by pruning the Sla2-actin attachments in the clathrin lattice, providing direction for membrane internalization.

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Yang, Shangfeng, Song Wang, and Sergey I. Troyanov. "ChemInform Abstract: The Most Stable Isomers of Giant Fullerenes C102and C104Captured as Chlorides, C102(603)Cl18/20and C104(234)Cl16/18/20/22." ChemInform 45, no. 45 (October 23, 2014): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201445112.

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Grandin, N., and S. I. Reed. "Differential function and expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae B-type cyclins in mitosis and meiosis." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 4 (April 1993): 2113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.4.2113-2125.1993.

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We have studied the patterns of expression of four B-type cyclins (Clbs), Clb1, Clb2, Clb3, and Clb4, and their ability to activate p34cdc28 during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. During the mitotic cell cycle, Clb3 and Clb4 were expressed and induced a kinase activity in association with p34cdc28 from early S phase up to mitosis. On the other hand, Clb1 and Clb2 were expressed and activated p34cdc28 later in the mitotic cell cycle, starting in late S phase and continuing up to mitosis. The pattern of expression of Clb3 and Clb4 suggests a possible role in the regulation of DNA replication as well as mitosis. Clb1 and Clb2, whose pattern of expression is similar to that of other known Clbs, are likely to have a role predominantly in the regulation of M phase. During the meiotic cell cycle, Clb1, Clb3, and Clb4 were expressed and induced a p34cdc28-associated kinase activity just before the first meiotic division. The fact that Clb3 and Clb4 were not synthesized earlier, in S phase, suggests that these cyclins, which probably have a role in S phase during the mitotic cell cycle, are not implicated in premeiotic S phase. Clb2, the primary mitotic cyclin in S. cerevisiae, was not detectable during meiosis. Sporulation experiments on strains deleted for one, two, or three Clbs indicate, in agreement with the biochemical data, that Clb1 is the primary cyclin for the regulation of meiosis, while Clb2 is not involved at all.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cl11'

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