Journal articles: 'Civilian experiences'

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Garbett, Claire. "The concept of the civilian: legal recognition, adjudication and the trials of international criminal justice." International Journal of Law in Context 8, no. 4 (November 14, 2012): 469–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174455231200033x.

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AbstractContemporary initiatives to address civilian victimisation in armed conflict increasingly focus on international criminal justice institutions, rules and practices. These institutions are now expected to construct legal recognition of civilian victims of armed conflict, as well as prosecute the perpetrators. This article uses a case-study of the Prosecutor v. Dragomir Milošević heard by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia to explore the concept of the civilian. It first examines the international legal frameworks and obligations that enforce the protection of civilians. It then explores the concept of the civilian as defined by the rules of humanitarian law, and the different approaches to defining civilians utilised by the parties to the Milošević trial. The article argues that the current ‘negative’ definition of civilians creates significant difficulties for understanding civilians as a distinct category of persons, and does not adequately capture their choices, actions and experiences in armed conflict.

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Hofileña, Josefina Dalupan. "Life in the Occupied Zone: One Negros Planter's Experience of War." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400010699.

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Throughout the Japanese occupation of the Visayan island of Negros in the central Philippines, two armed groups — the Japanese and the Negros guerrillas — sought to win the support and cooperation of the civilian population. The wartime experiences of Negros sugar planter Jose Gaston reveal, however, that this need to cultivate civilian support did not shield civilians from abuses by both sides.

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Kranke, Derrick, June Gin, Rebecca Saia, Susan Schmitz, Eugenia L. Weiss, and Aram Dobalian. "Destigmatizing Experiences of Combat Veterans Engaged in Civilian Disaster Relief: Implications for Community Transition." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 2 (December 17, 2017): 630–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21275.

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Combat veterans possess some attributes of differentness that may cause others in society to create stigmatized perceptions of them and devalue their skills. Direct interaction/contact allows targeted individuals—in this case, combat veterans—to demonstrate their value by dispelling negative attitudes or beliefs others may have of them. A previous study reported that the disaster relief setting facilitates contact among combat veterans and non-military civilians. This study applied Modified Labeling Theory (MLT) to assess if the stigma and labeling experience among combat veterans volunteering in disaster settings provides a nuanced understanding. Semi-structured interviews were used to assess perceptions of male Team Rubicon (TR) members (n=9) who provide disaster relief in civilian settings. All participants served in combat. Data were thematically analyzed. Findings suggest 1) combat veterans were not stigmatized by their label; and 2) personal contact with civilians impacted by disaster helped TR members a) to demonstrate their value, and b) feel more optimistic about connecting with civilians in other contexts. Our findings suggest that veterans working with peer combat veterans and civilians in disaster settings provided a destigmatizing condition whereby combat veterans felt less stigmatized by others and more interpersonally connected with civilians. It is recommended that since the majority of services for veterans come from civilian community providers, it is imperative that providers be sensitive to military culture and experiences of those serving in combat to avoid further stigmatization of veterans.

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Davis, Valerie E., and Sarah E. Minnis. "Military Veterans’ Transferrable Skills." Advances in Developing Human Resources 19, no. 1 (December 13, 2016): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422316682961.

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The Problem Military veterans face a number of employment challenges as they transition from military service to civilian employment. Although the American workforce has become much more diverse, there continues to be a lack of understanding and misperceptions about veterans’ skillsets and military experiences which inhibits successful employment after military service. Veterans are a source of talent for civilian employers as they bring distinctive capabilities and valuable skills developed through real-world, high-pressure experience, but some human resource development (HRD) practitioners may not be aware of the vast array of skills, training, and knowledge that veterans bring to the civilian workforce in addition to supervisory and management skills acquired during their time in the armed forces. Given the civilian public’s general lack of knowledge about military experience, HRD practitioners, in particular, may be less able to effectively evaluate and integrate veterans’ military experiences, skills, and capabilities in the civilian employment sector. These misunderstandings are contributing factors impacting veterans’ ability to transfer their skills from military to business cultures. The Solution It is imperative that HRD practitioners understand the potentially strong contributions and societal misperceptions regarding the business value of military veterans’ skills and experiences. This article will explore distinctive capabilities of veterans that make them assets in the civilian workforce as well as some potential concerns and highlight HRD’s role in recognizing and facilitating the development of veteran hiring and retention initiatives in civilian employment. Educating HRD professionals about how to integrate military veterans’ skills, knowledge, and abilities in business cultures and mitigate concerns is vital to promote veterans’ contributions to civilian organizations and is necessary for effective hiring and talent development. The Stakeholders Veterans, HRD professionals, scholars, practitioners, and policy makers interested in the HRD field, private sector, federal, nonfederal public sector, and U.S. Office of Personnel Management.

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Lees, David W., Paul Dannar, James H. Schindler, and James R. Martin. "Training the Interdisciplinary Civilian Airman." Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership 4, no. 1 (August 21, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17062/cjil.v4i1.62.

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Competency Based Education (CBE) is becoming increasingly popular with Department of Defense (DoD) training and education. Air University, located at Maxwell Air Force Base (AFB) Alabama, recently identified CBE as a key factor for consideration in future training. This article discusses Air Force Competencies, analyzes the evaluation of competencies, and transfer of learning. The Civilian Associate’s Degree, currently under beta testing, is discussed as an example of the need to consider transfer of learning with respect to institutional competencies. Beta testing of the Associate of Applied Science Degree in Air Force Leadership and Management Studies is meant to pave the way for the development and implementation of Civilian Airman training. Based on Civilian Associate’s Degree (CAD) Beta Testing student data, our research examines how CAD faculty can best capture professional interdisciplinary knowledge and experiences present in incoming students. In turn, leadership and management theories will add to the student knowledge and experience. This paper is an effort to capture the utilization of previous professional student experiences while developing and updating course curriculum based upon research and Beta Test student data.

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Sadhaan, Abdullah, Michael Brown, and Derek McLaughlin. "Registered Nurses’ Views and Experiences of Delivering Care in War and Conflict Areas: A Systematic Review." Healthcare 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112168.

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Background: Several studies have been undertaken regarding civilian and military nurses’ training, deployment, and experiences during missions in war and conflict areas. However, no review study regarding the experiences of nurses in serving in war and conflict areas has been published. Aim: This review aims to identify the views, experiences, and support needs of Registered Nurses when caring for patients in war and conflict areas. Method: Four electronic databases—MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and general BC PubMed—were searched in this systematic review. Study screening and selection, data extraction, quality appraisal, and narrative synthesis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist. Results: Twenty-five studies were included in the final review. The findings were categorised based on four main themes: Challenges in nursing practice, Meaning of experience, Scope of practice, and Nursing support pre- and post-conflict. Conclusions: Registered Nurses play a critical role in prehospital care and have a significant impact on the survival of wounded military personnel and civilians and on their mortality. Registered Nurses play important roles in military deployment, with barriers to their successful implementation experienced due to a lack of information at the decision-making level, and the need for psychological supports and role-appropriate medical readiness training. Implications: Registered Nurses who are military-ready need to be effective in war and conflict areas. Using the experiences of military or civilian Registered Nurses to assess the pre-deployment preparation needs of these nurses will be beneficial to the effectiveness of the nursing workforce. There are elements that demand more attention during the pre-deployment preparation phase of nurses required to serve in war and conflict areas.

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Elliott, Brenda. "Civilian Nursesʼ Experiences Caring for Military Veterans." Home Healthcare Now 37, no. 1 (2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nhh.0000000000000709.

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Brownell, Gracie, and Regina T. Praetorius. "Experiences of former child soldiers in Africa: A qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis." International Social Work 60, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 452–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872815617994.

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Child soldiering affects approximately 300,000 children worldwide. Abducted and forced into combat, victims experience trauma that may have life-long effects. Thus, it is important to understand child soldiers’ experiences and develop culturally appropriate interventions. Using Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis (QIMS), the authors sought to understand the lived experiences of ex-child soldiers in Sierra Leone, Northern Uganda, and Liberia. Findings revealed the experiential nuances of four phases ex-child soldiers experience: abduction; militarization; demilitarization and reintegration; and civilian life. Findings enhance current knowledge about ex-child soldiers’experiences and inform policy and program design to help ex-child soldiers cope with the aftermath of the war and civilian life.

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Wall, Charlotte Louise, and Michelle Lowe. "Facing the fear: resilience and social support in veterans and civilians with PTSD." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 12, no. 2 (March 7, 2020): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-11-2019-0455.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of resilience and social support on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a sample of 121 veterans (n = 56) and civilians (n = 65). Design/methodology/approach Gender, age and marital status were collected, along with occupation for civilians and the unit served with, rank, length of time deployed, overall months active and location for veterans. The trauma experiences scale for civilians, the PTSD checklist for civilian and military, Resilience Research Centre’s Adult Resilience Measure-28, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the Deployment Risk and Resiliency Inventory-2 scales were used. Findings The results revealed for both samples, resilience and social support (except unit support for veterans) impacted PTSD symptoms. However, social support did not mediate the relationship between resilience and PTSD. Practical implications Implications for policy and practice were discussed. Originality/value The originality of this research stems from the incorporation of both a civilian and military sample by comparing their levels of PTSD, resilience and social support.

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Cassignol, Arnaud, Julien Marmin, Pascal Mattei, Léa Goffinet, Sandrine Pons, Aurélien Renard, Didier Demory, and Julien Bordes. "Civilian prehospital transfusion – experiences from a French region." Vox Sanguinis 115, no. 8 (September 8, 2020): 745–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/vox.12984.

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Parry, Gemma, Suzanne Margaret Hodge, and Alan Barrett. "Veterans’ experiences of successfully managing post-traumatic stress disorder." Mental Health Review Journal 26, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mhrj-01-2020-0003.

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Purpose Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among UK veterans is higher than in the general population. However, prevalence figures do not reflect the complexity of this phenomenon and ways in which it may be bound up with veterans’ experiences of adjusting to civilian life. The purpose of this study is to explore veterans’ experiences of successfully managing PTSD. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six veterans who had served in the UK armed forces and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings Three themes were developed: accepting the problem, taking responsibility and gaining control; talking to the right people; and strategies, antidotes and circling back around. Managing PTSD appeared to be bound up with veterans’ experience of renegotiating their identity, where positive aspects of identity lost on leaving the military were rebuilt and problematic aspects were challenged. Participants sought to speak about their difficulties with others who understood the military context. They felt that their experiences made them a valuable resource to others, and they connected this with a positive sense of identity and value. Practical implications The findings suggest the importance of wider provision of peer support and education for civilian health services on veterans’ needs. Originality/value This study adds to the understanding of what meaningful recovery from PTSD may involve for veterans, in particular its potential interconnectedness with the process of adjusting to civilian life.

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Hutchinson, Sharon E. "A Curse from God? Religious and political dimensions of the post-1991 rise of ethnic violence in South Sudan." Journal of Modern African Studies 39, no. 2 (June 2001): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x01003639.

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Southern Sudanese civilian populations have been trapped in a rising tide of ethnicised, South-on-South, military violence ever since leadership struggles within the main southern opposition movement – the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) – split into two warring factions in August 1991. This paper traces the devastating impact of this violence on a particularly volatile and fractured region of contemporary South Sudan: the oil rich heartlands of the Western Upper Nile Province. Foregrounding the historical experiences and grassroots perspectives of Nuer civilian populations in this region, the paper shows how elite competition within the southern military has combined with the political machinations of the national Islamic government in Khartoum to create a wave of inter- and intra-ethnic factional fighting so intense and intractable that many Nuer civilians have come to define it as ‘a curse from God’. Dividing Sudan's seventeen-year-long civil war (1983–present) into four distinct phases, the paper shows how successive forms and patterns of political violence in this region have provoked radical reassessments of the precipitating agents and ultimate meaning of this war on the part of an increasingly demoralised and impoverished Nuer civilian population.

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Keeling, Mary Elizabeth, Sara M. Ozuna, Sara Kintzle, and Carl A. Castro. "Veterans’ Civilian Employment Experiences: Lessons Learnt From Focus Groups." Journal of Career Development 46, no. 6 (May 17, 2018): 692–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894845318776785.

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Emerging evidence highlights employment as a key factor influencing the success of transition from military to civilian life. Historically, employment programs have focused on improving skills such as resume writing and interview skills. However, it is likely that employment challenges are more than these practical barriers. Four focus groups with employed and unemployed Gulf War Era II veterans were conducted aimed at moving past a practical perspective by gaining experiential understandings of veterans’ employment. Thematic analysis indicated that the veterans’ employment experiences were best understood temporally in two master themes: pretransition and the divergent experiences of veterans who did and did not plan ahead and living the transition and the veterans’ experiences of employment barriers and facilitators. Further to the two master themes, an underlying thread of the need for self-determination was evident. Interpretation of the results led to the development of recommendations for policy, service provision, and future research.

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Dexter, John C. "Human resources challenges of military to civilian employment transitions." Career Development International 25, no. 5 (June 4, 2020): 481–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-02-2019-0032.

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PurposeUpon discharge, US service members experience an instantaneous immersion back into civilian life. One of the most challenging aspects of that reimmersion is the reentry/entry into the civilian workforce. As such, it is necessary to study the returning veteran's employment experience when considering the veteran's civilian reintegration. The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the returning veteran's civilian employment experience and to identify challenges faced by the veteran in the civilian onboarding experience.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a qualitative analysis in which 27 military veterans were interviewed about their experience with civilian reemployment. The results of the interviews were compiled, analyzed and grouped by common theme. This study explains some of the major issues confronted by the newly separated veteran and discusses how those challenges may influence job satisfaction and job performance.FindingsThe analysis identified the following three main themes that posed challenges to the veteran to civilian employment transition: civilian employer’s military job knowledge deficit, veteran anxiety with civilian employer’s lack of clearly defined new-hire processes and civilian employer misunderstanding of veteran compensation, benefits and family involvement expectations.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is beneficial to scholars in as much as it will help to more clearly identify literature gaps, provide direction on emerging research concepts, add to the existing literature on the veteran to civilian transitions and connect research areas that have not yet been adequately studied. Future research would be well served to follow a similar program of research but by employing different research methods in order to address the limitations outlined above and further support the findings of this research. Specifically, future research should sample across a wider set of individuals as study participants (time since discharge, age, military rank at time of separation, reserve status, etc.). By doing this, future researchers may be able to determine how perceptions change over time and with regard to military experience. A second area of future research may be to conduct related research based on civilian employment opportunities and qualifications. Specific areas of study to be considered should be focused primarily on the macro issues such as military leadership and translating military experiences and skill sets to civilian contexts. Unlike other findings in this research, these two areas cannot be affected at the organizational level, and as such require concept exploration and clarity.Practical implicationsThis study provides guidance and direction for veterans and employers alike by outlining areas that may be challenging for new-hire military veterans and bringing to light areas where the civilian onboarding experience can improve to better accommodate veterans. Further, this study identifies areas that directly or indirectly contribute to high veteran turnover rates and ultimately high veteran unemployment rates.Originality/valueThis original quantitative study conducted by the author specifically identifies several areas in the veteran to civilian employment transition that pose challenges for the returning veteran. All data for this study were gathered and analyzed using first-hand face-to-face interviews and established data analysis methods by the researcher.

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Tashkinova, Oksana. "War Routes of Civilian Mariupolites: Sociological Exploration." Azja Centralna. In memoriam Stanisław Zapaśnik 2, no. 32 (December 20, 2022): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.55226/uw.s-c.2021.32.2.10.

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The article analyses sociological data collected on wartime ways and routes among civilian Mariupolites between 24 February and 30 June 2022. The gathered narratives from Mariupol civilians during the war in order to reproduce the chronology of events, document the wartime experience, and spread awareness of the problems faced by the people of Mariupol during their time in the besieged and later occupied city, during evacuation, and when searching for a new place of residence (interviews and electronic diaries). In total, more than 300 life narratives were analysed. The analysis made it possible to draw up a chronology of events in Mariupol during the war up until 30 June 2022, and to describe the experience of the first days of war before the complete siege of the city and during the blockade before evacuation, as well as under occupation. The peculiarities of public shelters and daily life during active hostilities and the complete blockade of the city were studied. In addition the study revealed the specific experience of the elderly and the disabled. Conflict situations that arose between Mariupol residents during hostilities and the occupation were also analysed, as were several life paths following the complete seizure and occupation of the city. Social types of experience were distinguished by availability of evacuation, its time in relation to the war, experiences during evacuation, and place of residence at the time of the survey.

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Wulff, Petter J. "Civilian Structures as Military Restrictions." Vulcan 5, no. 1 (October 20, 2017): 42–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134603-00501004.

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The military community is a secluded part of society and normally has to act on the conditions offered by its civilian surroundings. When heavy vehicles were developed for war, the civilian infrastructure presented a potential restriction to vehicular mobility. In Sweden, bridges were seen as a critical component of this infrastructure. It took two decades and the experiences of a second world war for the country to come to terms with this restriction. This article addresses the question as to why Swedish tanks suddenly became much heavier in the early 1940s. The country’s bridges play a key role in what happened, and the article explains how. It is a story about how a military decision came to be outdated long before it was upgraded.

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Eichler, Maya. "Making military and Veteran women (in)visible: The continuity of gendered experiences in military-to-civilian transition." Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 8, s1 (April 1, 2022): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0077.

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LAY SUMMARY This study explores how gender and sex shape the military-to-civilian transition (MCT) for women. Thirty-three Canadian women Veterans were interviewed about their military service and post-military life. MCT research often emphasizes discontinuities between military and civilian life, but women Veterans’ accounts highlight continuities in gendered experiences. Military women are expected to fit the male norm and masculine ideal of the military member during service, but they are rarely recognized as Veterans after service. Women experience invisibility as military members and Veterans and simultaneously hypervisibility as (ex)military women who do not fit military or civilian gender norms. Gendered expectations of women as spouses and mothers exert an undue burden on them as serving members and as Veterans undergoing MCT. Women encounter care and support systems set up on the normative assumption of the military and Veteran man supported by a female spouse. The study findings point to a needed redesign of military and Veteran systems to remove sex and gender biases and better respond to the sex- and gender-specific MCT needs of women.

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Westcott, Sally, Benjamin Walrath, Jeremy Miller, Melissa Trumbull, and Craig Manifold. "Transition From Military Prehospital Medicine to Civilian EMS." Military Medicine 185, no. 9-10 (June 4, 2020): e1803-e1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usaa099.

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Abstract Introduction Currently, there is a disconnection between veteran military medics and the civilian Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workforce. This project aimed to characterize the rate of civilian certification among military medics, both active duty and retired, and identify perceived barriers to continuing a career in EMS after military separation. Materials and Methods The National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) administered a 21-question online survey to participants. Individuals were recruited through the National Association of EMTs membership communications, Military Relations Committee members, and social media. All responses were anonymous and no identifiable information was collected. Survey questions were compiled and reported as a percentage of respondents. Free-text responses were categorized based on broad themes identified by the authors and are reported as a percentage of respondents. Results Results included 456 veteran and active duty respondents, of whom 304 (70.7%) had prehospital experience while in the military and 250 (58.1%) had emergency department experience. Over 60% of respondents participated in combat-related duty with 37% having at least 18 months of overseas deployment. Civilian EMT certification was held by 164 (36.7%) survey participants and 170 held paramedic certification (38.1%), while 65 (14.6%) held no EMS certification. There were 119 (28.1%) respondents who stated that they did not plan to work in civilian EMS. Top selected reasons for not pursuing civilian EMS careers included: pursuing a medical career that was not prehospital (28.5%), pay disparity (18.1%), and no interest in civilian prehospital medicine (16.4%). Write in responses indicated general frustration with maintaining certification and a desire for advanced certification (AEMT, paramedic) to be supplied by the military prior to transitioning to a civilian workforce as many respondents felt their military-endowed skills and experiences were better aligned with these advanced EMS licenses. Conclusion The majority of survey respondents held an EMS certification of some kind and suggests that recent efforts to supply military medics with civilian certifications have been largely successful. However, there is still a large portion that remains noncertified or expresses disinterest with entering the civilian workforce. Generally, many of those certified feel their military scope of practice exceeded civilian EMT certification and requested AEMT or paramedic licensure opportunities while still active duty military.

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Quan, R. W., E. D. Adams, M. W. Cox, M. J. Eagleton, M. A. Weber, C. J. Fox, and D. L. Gillespie. "The Management of Trauma Venous Injury: Civilian and Wartime Experiences." Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy 18, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1531003506293452.

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Murray, Brian. "Castles in the air: civilian trainee experiences with the RAF." Psychiatric Bulletin 28, no. 4 (April 2004): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.28.4.145.

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It is a little-known fact that specialist registrar training allows an elective period of up to 3 months without affecting a trainee's Certificate of Completion of Specialist Training (CCST). The Postgraduate Dean for Oxford had discussed the idea of such an elective scheme with the military and I therefore saw in the elective an opportunity to do something different before becoming a consultant. As an ex-member of the Territorial Army, my wife was very supportive and encouraged me by telling me that I would never withstand the rigours of a military lifestyle.

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Minnis, Sarah E. "Preface." Advances in Developing Human Resources 19, no. 1 (December 20, 2016): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422316682951.

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In the 15 years that America has been at war in the Middle East, more than 2.5 million American service members have been deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND). These are in addition to associated and ongoing conflicts in the Global War on Terror. The time spent in military service has changed their lives and challenged these veterans in ways theymay not have expected. One of the most significant challenges the veterans face, is in finding and securing careers in the civilian employment sector after their military service has ended, or between deployments with the National Guard or military reserves. Civilian hiring managers, most often than not, have little or no knowledge about the variety of roles and range of skills that military veterans bring with them following military service. Likewise, veterans are often stymied by the experiences and expectations they experience in the civilian workforce. Misunderstandings and misconceptions plague both military veterans and civilian employers in the hiring and employment processes, leaving each side wondering how to effectively bridge the cultural divide.

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Moura de Souza, Cléssio, Dominik Kremer, and Blake Byron Walker. "Placial-Discursive Topologies of Violence: Volunteered Geographic Information and the Reproduction of Violent Places in Recife, Brazil." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2022): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100500.

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Knowledge and experiences of violence transform the ways in which individuals perceive the urban landscape, construct and reproduce (un)safety, and make everyday decisions regarding mobility and the use of space. This knowledge and these experiences are placially anchored and are shaped by everyday regionalisations. In the context of interpersonal violence in Recife, Brazil, we examine the ways in which volunteered geographic information (VGI), formal and informal information exchange networks, and individual experience contribute to the reproduction of violent spaces. During interviews with civilian residents and police officers, we explore the knowledge and information flows and their spatial anchorings before and after presenting informants with a VGI-based map of firearms violence. Following coding, interviews were also analysed using a novel, semiautomated text mining algorithm to produce context-sensitive co-occurrence graphs of key arguments within participant narratives. The results indicate strong differences in the placial anchorings between police officers and civilians, and highlight key dynamics in the flows of VGI amongst residents and local news organisations, as well as through social media. These forms of placial knowledge exchange are in constant negotiation with individuals’ perceptions and experiences of the study area and reflect cognitive-discursive reproductions of everyday geographies of (un)safety.

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Wang, Xin, Laura Prince, Juhi Rattan, Neal L. Swartz, Vipul Shukla, Tory A. Durham, Tracey L. Biehn, et al. "Civilian Social Support and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among National Guard Members." Translation: The University of Toledo Journal of Medical Sciences 5 (September 28, 2018): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46570/utjms.vol5-2018-241.

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Increasing evidence suggests that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are highly prevalent and pervasive among National Guard members who served in recent wars. Previous meta-analyses report a lack of social support as one of the strongest risk factors for the development of PTSD symptoms. Social support among military members is typically categorized into two types: assistance and support which is received from military leaders and fellow members of one’s unit and civilian social support which is obtained from civilian family and friends. Prior research has demonstrated that unit support is associated with less severe PTSD symptoms. In addition to unit support, the influence of civilian social support was also considered a potent buffer for PTSD symptoms. Civilian social support is important to National Guard members because their experiences integrate military and civilian life more than active duty soldiers. Unlike intensive studies in active duty military personnel, fewer studies have examined the role of social support in National Guard members, and civilian social support is rarely investigated in these limited studies. This review article examines the role of civilian social support in National Guard members as a potential protective factor against the development of PTSD symptoms.

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Khan, Adil, Manzoor Ahmad, and Abdul Waheed. "Pakistan's Journey to Civilian Rule (1958-70): An Analysis of Ayub Era." Global Legal Studies Review I, no. I (December 30, 2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2016(i-i).01.

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Pakistan, since its inception, has passed through several phases of transitions to civilian rule and authoritarian reversals. Similar to the pattern of transition between civilian rule and dictatorship, there is a pattern of change within authoritarian Regimes that could be observed in all the three experiences of transition in Pakistan. This paper identifies the pattern of change from military dictatorship to civilian rule from 1958 to 1970. The key questions addressed in this paper are: firstly, how the military regime consolidated its grip on power after the October 1958 coup? Secondly, how early cracks appeared in the military's control over power and matured with the passage of time, resulting in a national crisis? Thirdly, how failure in crises management led to the transition to civilian rule, as well as, the disintegration of the state.

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Tam-Seto, Linna, and Sonia Dussault. "How well is Canada serving the women who have served us?" Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0058.

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LAY SUMMARY The Veterans Affairs Canada Well-being Framework describes seven areas of well-being that contribute to a military member’s successful return to the civilian world. This perspective argues that, although there is a plethora of programs, services, and resources available to support military-to-civilian transition, they are currently inadequate to address the unique needs and experiences of servicewomen and women Veterans. In addition, of those programs, services, and resources that are aimed at supporting specifically women, there is little information indicating they consider women’s unique needs and experiences. Future research is required to encourage critical review of existing programs, resources, and services, or to create those based on evidence-based research.

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Tam-Seto, Linna, and Sonia Dussault. "How well is Canada serving the women who have served us?" Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh-2021-0058.

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LAY SUMMARY The Veterans Affairs Canada Well-being Framework describes seven areas of well-being that contribute to a military member’s successful return to the civilian world. This perspective argues that, although there is a plethora of programs, services, and resources available to support military-to-civilian transition, they are currently inadequate to address the unique needs and experiences of servicewomen and women Veterans. In addition, of those programs, services, and resources that are aimed at supporting specifically women, there is little information indicating they consider women’s unique needs and experiences. Future research is required to encourage critical review of existing programs, resources, and services, or to create those based on evidence-based research.

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Rosenthal, Richard A. "Perspectives of directors of civilian oversight of law enforcement agencies." Policing: An International Journal 41, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-01-2018-0018.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to involve interviews with civilian oversight of law enforcement (COLE) directors from throughout the USA with the purpose of obtaining their perspectives on what it takes to create and sustain successful COLE programs. Design/methodology/approach The project involved 24 semi-structured interviews with experienced COLE directors. The interviews were transcribed and coded and this paper presents these perspectives according to patterns identified during analysis. Findings The research identified themes and patterns in the attitudes of the oversight directors which included numerous conditions necessary for success of an oversight agency. Amongst the most important conditions included agency independence, director job security, the need for professional qualified staff, unfettered access to information, the ability to publicly report on the agency’s work and a willingness on the part of government officials to tolerate criticism of the police. Originality/value This is the first study to identify the challenges and impediments to sustainable COLE mechanisms from the point-of-view of experienced agency directors. The findings can be used by future practitioners to learn from past experiences.

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Michultka, Denise, Edward B. Blanchard, and Tom Kalous. "Responses to civilian war experiences: Predictors of psychological functioning and coping." Journal of Traumatic Stress 11, no. 3 (July 1998): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1024412931068.

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Abiola, Jesuloba, Athanasios Kalantzis, Predrag Jeremic, and Stuart Clark. "Blast Injuries in a Civilian Population Clinical experiences from Manchester Bombing." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 56, no. 10 (December 2018): e68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2018.10.194.

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Flack, William F., Melissa E. Milanak, and Matthew O. Kimble. "Emotional numbing in relation to stressful civilian experiences among college students." Journal of Traumatic Stress 18, no. 5 (2005): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20066.

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Case, Benjamin S. "CONTENTIOUS EFFERVESCENCE: THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF RIOTING." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-26-2-179.

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How do violent protests affect social movement participants? Riots are common in civilian movements, but the effects of protester violence remain under-researched, in part due to an association of civilian protest with nonviolent methods and an association of violent protest with irrational chaos. Specifically, few studies have examined the experiences of rioters themselves. I use theoretical analysis and qualitative in-depth interviews with activists from the United States and South Africa to explore the subjective impact that moments of violent protest have on participants. Activist accounts indicate that many experience what I call “contentious effervescence,” a heightened state and sense of political empowerment amidst low-level violent actions, with long-term effects that raise consciousness and deepen and sustain activists’ resolve. I argue that examining the experiential and emotional effects of riots enhances our ability to understand contentious politics from below.

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Hanes, Douglas, and Sean Clousten. "COGNITIVE AGING IN THE SHADOW OF THE CLOSET: THE EFFECTS OF IDENTITY CONCEALMENT AND DISCRIMINATION." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1929.

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Abstract Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people tend to experience poorer cognitive health as they age; discrimination and identity concealment are common LGB experiences that carry emotional, health, and cognitive tolls. Previous research utilized data on research participants in same-sex relationships (SSR) to successfully identify a subset of LGB people and analyze their aging experiences. The present study relied on one situation in which identity concealment was legally mandated: military service. Until 2011, LGB people were banned from participating in military service in the U.S., leading to either concealment or institutionalized discrimination (i.e., discharge) for most LGB servicepeople. Using Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 1998–2016) data, this project analyzed the combined effects of veteran status and SSR on cognitive performance. Using multilevel longitudinal modelling, we found that while non-SSR veterans had higher mean scores than non-SSR civilian participants (the reference group), SSR civilians and veterans both had mean scores lower than the reference (SSR: β=-0.514, p=0.031; SSR+veteran (β=-1.065 p=0.081). These results may be limited due to the low number of SSR+veteran participants (n = 28). Nevertheless, these results suggest the potential for using veteran status among LGB people to study the health effects of identity concealment and discrimination on aging.

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Cantwell-Bartl, Annie M., and James Tibballs. "Parenting a child at home with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: experiences of commitment, of stress, and of love." Cardiology in the Young 27, no. 7 (June 6, 2017): 1341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951117000270.

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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the experiences of parenting a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome after the child has been discharged home from hospital.DesignA study of the parents’ experiences using face-to-face interviews and psychometric measures with parents whose child had survived stage surgery.SettingParents were interviewed within the home environment or within the hospital if that was their choice.SubjectsA total of 29 parents (16 mothers and 13 fathers) of surviving children.InterventionA semi-structured face-to-face interview plus psychometric tests (parent demographics, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Impact on Family Scale, and the Psychological Check List – Civilian).Measurements and main resultsThe parents’ experience in supporting a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome is one of stress, of commitment, and of love. Although parents experienced joy in their child, they were also subjected to anxiety with four parents test positive to post-traumatic stress disorder and hypervigilance while monitoring their child’s condition. Parents lived with many difficulties, and demands.

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De Pedro, Kris M. Tunac, Ron Avi Astor, Rami Benbenishty, Jose Estrada, Gabrielle R. Dejoie Smith, and Monica Christina Esqueda. "The Children of Military Service Members." Review of Educational Research 81, no. 4 (December 2011): 566–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654311423537.

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The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have led to concerning psychological, behavioral, and academic outcomes for children in military families. Of the 1.2 million school-aged children of military service members, only 86,000 actually attend schools administered by the Department of Defense on military installations throughout the world. The remaining military children attend schools administered by civilian public schools, private schools, and other civilian-run educational agencies. At present, there is a knowledge gap in educational research regarding military-connected schools and students. Given the lack of educational research on military children, the primary objective of this review is to outline findings from noneducational disciplinary empirical literatures that are of direct relevance to schooling for educational researchers who want to conduct studies on military-connected schools and students. The authors reviewed studies on military children and their families that examined links between special circumstances and stressors as well as outcomes that are known to impact students’ school experiences. A synthesis of literature generated six themes: mental health in military families, child maltreatment, the impact of deployment on military children and families, the reintegration experience, war-related trauma of the returning veteran parent, and the experience of Reservist and Guard families in civilian contexts. The article concludes with a heuristic model for future educational research, including linkages to school reform.

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Fink, David S., Sarah Lowe, Gregory H. Cohen, Laura A. Sampson, Robert J. Ursano, Robert K. Gifford, Carol S. Fullerton, and Sandro Galea. "Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms after civilian or deployment traumatic event experiences." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 9, no. 2 (March 2017): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000147.

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Nishizaki, Sumiyo. "After Empire Comes Home: Economic Experiences of Japanese Civilian Repatriates, 1945–56." Australian Economic History Review 60, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aehr.12199.

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Burstein, Allan, Patrick E. Ciccone, Robert A. Greenstein, Neal Daniels, Katherine Olsen, Anthony Mazarek, Randolph Decatur, and Norman Johnson. "Chronic Vietnam PTSD and acute civilian PTSD a comparison of treatment experiences." General Hospital Psychiatry 10, no. 4 (July 1988): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(88)90030-8.

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Tao, Andrew K., and Jesse W. Campbell. "Veterans and Job Satisfaction in the U.S. Federal Government: The Importance of Role Clarity in the First Years of Civilian Employment." Public Personnel Management 49, no. 4 (October 18, 2019): 508–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026019878210.

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Veterans can face difficulties adjusting to civilian employment due to their experiences in highly structured and regimented military service organizations. This study focuses on factors that affect the job satisfaction of veterans employed in the civilian U.S. Federal Government. Drawing on sector imprinting theory, we propose that role clarity will have a stronger link with job satisfaction for government employees who have served in the military than for those who have not. Second, we argue that this difference will dissipate over time, with the importance of role clarity for veterans being strongest at the earliest stages of the transition to civilian employment. We present evidence for our theory from an analysis of the 2013 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey. Finally, after discussing the limitations of our study, we suggest practical managerial tactics that can complement ambitious public sector veteran employment initiatives.

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Szołtek, Agnieszka. "Cognitive and Utilitarian Aspects of Psychological Support for Police Oﬃcers." Internal Security 9, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1716.

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Psychological support for police officers and civilian police staff is among key factors capable of preventing negative effects of work-related stress. The need for such support is especially significant in crisis situations, when psychological assistance is provided to police officers and civilian police staff. Comprehensive psychological support is offered by police psychologists, who are responsible for psychological care and psychoeducation, psychology of human resources management and applied police psychology. This paper presents statistical figures as regards forms of psychological assistance provided by psychologists in 2016. As the most common of psychological specialisations, psychological care involves providing psychological assistance or emotional first aid to police officers and civilian police staff; doing psychotherapy; offering psychoeducation to a police officer or a civilian employee; preparing a psychological analysis of suicide or a suicide attempt by a police officer or civilian police worker. In 2016 police psychologists specialising in psychological care and psychoeducation targeted for assistance almost 2,000 police officers and civilian police staff and provided nearly 3,500 pieces of psychological advice. In addition, the psychologists’ work consisted in offering psychotherapy to individuals and support groups. The vast majority of therapeutic activities were targeted at police officers and civilian police staff in crisis situations. An important aspect of psychological support is broadly understood psychoeducation, which makes it possible to cope with mental stress. Police officers cannot avoid work-related stress or traumatic experiences when performing their official duties, but they can and should take advantage of police psychologists’ professional assistance. Statistical data quoted in the report summarising police psychologists’ activity in 2016 clearly shows that their work is necessary.

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Brock, Michelle D. "‘The Man Will Shame Me’: Women, Sex and Kirk Discipline during the Cromwellian Occupation." Scottish Church History 51, no. 2 (October 2022): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/sch.2022.0074.

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This article explores the experiences of Scottish women and their interactions with the Kirk during the Cromwellian occupation. Drawing on kirk session records, it demonstrates that amid the heightened anxieties of the 1650s, parish kirks viewed and treated female bodies as potential sources of social and religious disorder. This analysis reveals the strength of the Kirk’s regulatory toolkit in times of crisis as well as the continuity of gendered experiences of discipline. It also offers new insights into civilian experiences of the Cromwellian invasion.

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Norberg, Karl-Axel, and Bo Brismar. "Civilian Emergency Hospital Plans for Conventional War in Sweden." Journal of the World Association for Emergency and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 1 (1985): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x0003260x.

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In war a large number of military and civilian wounded and injured patients, and patients with disease, will increase the strain on the system of medical care. The expected distribution of injured in a conventional war can be estimated on the basis of previous war experiences, especially from World War II (1), the Korean war (5), the Vietnam war (7, 8), and the Arab-Israel wars (3). Corresponding figures for the civilian population are less readily accessible. Statistical data from previous wars as well as expected weapon development can be compared with data from various peacetime accidents and disasters. Thus, the expected distribution of injuries can be estimated (Table 1) (7).

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Yablonska, Tetiana, Natalia Dembytska, and Viktor Vus. "SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL ADJUSTMENT OF EX-SERVICEMEN TO CIVILIAN LIFE." SOCIAL WELFARE: INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 1, no. 7 (July 29, 2017): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.21277/sw.v1i7.285.

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<p>Social-psychological adjustment of ex-servicemen to civilian life after returning home from combat zone was analyzed in this paper. The authors used a dialectical subjective approach analysing the ability to cope with traumatic experiences of warfare. A theoretical model of social-psychological adjustment was designed, an empirical research was conducted, the factors that facilitate social-psychological adjustment: consistent, coherent ideas about peaceful life, self and others, emotional stability, commitment to social values, self-awareness, a sense of self-fulfilment, social behaviour, peaceful conflict resolution, job satisfaction, relationships, family ties, productive performance of activities, satisfaction of basic social needs were identified and validated.</p>

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Rugg, J. "Managing 'Civilian Deaths due to War Operations': Yorkshire Experiences During World War II." Twentieth Century British History 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 152–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/15.2.152.

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Woodall, Kelly A., Sabrina M. Richardson, Jacqueline C. Pflieger, Stacy Ann Hawkins, and Valerie A. Stander. "Influence of Work and Life Stressors on Marital Quality among Dual and Nondual Military Couples." Journal of Family Issues 41, no. 11 (February 6, 2020): 2045–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x20903377.

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Maintaining a healthy marriage may be challenging for military couples as they attempt to balance the demands of work and family; for dual-military couples, this can be even more challenging. Using data from the Millennium Cohort Family Study, we examined whether military stress experiences negatively impact marital quality through the mediation of work–family conflict. Spouse gender and dual-military status were included as moderators. Spouses reported on marital quality, work–family conflict, military stress experiences, and personal military experience. Spouse and service member demographics were also included. Results demonstrated that experiencing more military stress experiences was related to lower marital quality, which was mediated by work–family conflict. Additionally, female dual spouses reported lower marital quality than male dual spouses and civilian spouses. Findings from this study highlight the importance of providing support to military spouses for stressful military events and potentially tailoring support services for female dual spouses to improve marital quality.

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Lockertsen, Jan-Thore, Åshild Fause, and Christine E. Hallett. "The Norwegian Mobile Army Surgical Hospital in the Korean War (1951–1954): Military Hospital or Humanitarian “Sanctuary?”." Nursing History Review 28, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 93–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.28.93.

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During the Korean War (1950–1953) the Norwegian government sent a mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) to support the efforts of the United Nations (UN) Army. From the first, its status was ambiguous. The US-led military medical services believed that the “Norwegian Mobile Army Surgical Hospital” (NORMASH) was no different from any other MASH; but both its originators and its staff regarded it as a vehicle for humanitarian aid. Members of the hospital soon recognized that their status in the war zone was primarily that of a military field hospital. Yet they insisted on providing essential medical care to the local civilian population as well as trauma care to UN soldiers and prisoners of war. The ambiguities that arose from the dual mission of NORMASH are explored in this article, which pays particular attention to the experiences of nurses, as expressed in three types of source: their contemporary letters to their Matron-in-Chief; a report written by one nurse shortly after the war; and a series of oral history interviews conducted approximately 60 years later. The article concludes that the nurses of NORMASH experienced no real role-conflict. They viewed it as natural that they should offer their services to both military and civilian casualties according to need, and they experienced a sense of satisfaction from their work with both types of patient. Ultimately, the experience of Norwegian nurses in Korea illustrates the powerful sense of personal agency that could be experienced by nurses in forward field hospitals, where political decision-making did not impinge too forcefully on their clinical and ethical judgment as clinicians.

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Engel, Robin S., Hannah D. McManus, and Gabrielle T. Isaza. "Moving beyond “Best Practice”: Experiences in Police Reform and a Call for Evidence to Reduce Officer-Involved Shootings." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 687, no. 1 (January 2020): 146–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219889328.

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In post-Ferguson America, police departments are being challenged to implement evidence-based changes in policies and training to reduce fatal police-citizen encounters. Of the litany of recommendations believed to reduce police shootings, five have garnered widespread support: body-worn cameras, de-escalation training, implicit bias training, early intervention systems, and civilian oversight. These highly endorsed interventions, however, are not supported by a strong body of empirical evidence that demonstrates their effectiveness. Guided by the available research on evidence-based policing and informed by the firsthand experience of one of the authors in implementing departmental reforms that followed the fatal shooting of a civilian by an officer, this article highlights promising reform strategies and opportunities to build the evidence base for effective use-of-force reforms. We call upon police executives to engage in evidence-based policing by scientifically testing interventions, and we call on academics to engage in rapid research responses for critical issues in policing.

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Moquin, Ross R., and James M. Ecklund. "Socioeconomic issues of United States military neurosurgery." Neurosurgical Focus 12, no. 4 (April 2002): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2002.12.4.7.

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Although the practice of neurosurgery in the United States (US) Armed Forces is in many ways similar to the civilian practice of neurosurgery, there are many differences as well. The unique challenges, duties, and opportunities US military neurosurgeons are given, both in peacetime and in times of conflict, are discussed, as are pathways for entering into service. The advantages of military service for neurosurgeons include sponsored training, decreased direct exposure to tort actions, little involvement with third-party payers, significant opportunities for travel, and military-specific experiences. The most appealing aspect of military practice is serving fellow members of the US Armed Forces. Disadvantages include the extreme gap between the military and civilian pay scales, lack of support personnel, and in some areas low surgery-related case volume. The greatest concern faced by the military neurosurgical community is the failure to retain experienced neurosurgeons after their obligated service time has been completed, for which several possible solutions are described. It is hoped that future changes will make the practice of military neurosurgery attractive enough so that it will be seen as a career in itself and not an obligation to endure before starting practice in the “real world.”

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Basham, Victoria. "Everyday Gendered Experiences and the Discursive Construction of Civilian and Military Identities in Britain." NORMA 3, no. 02 (November 28, 2008): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18261/issn1890-2146-2008-02-06.

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Firouzkouhi, Mohammadreza, Ali Zargham-Boroujeni, Mayumi Kako, and Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad. "Experiences of civilian nurses in triage during the Iran-Iraq War: An oral history." Chinese Journal of Traumatology 20, no. 5 (October 2017): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2017.07.002.

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Malinowski, Piotr. "Canadian Model of Military Leadership as a Successful Mixture of Civilian and Military Experiences." Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership 2, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jcrl.2015.005.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Civilian experiences'

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