Academic literature on the topic 'Civil rights – Europe – 21st century'

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Journal articles on the topic "Civil rights – Europe – 21st century"

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Blockmans, Wim. "Civil Rights and Political Participation in Ancien Régime Europe." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 65, no. 3 (2020): 842–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2020.309.

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After the Second World War, a wave of euphoria fostered an international consensus that led to the creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the European Treaty for Human Rights, and institutions safeguarding their application. In the early 21st century, however, these great ideals and even parliamentary democracy appear to be open to various forms of manipulation tending to the restriction of its own constitutional rights and functions. This paper retraces the long-term genesis of these concepts which emerged in the course of a centuries-long development that is uniquely European. A constant tension can be observed between the difficult formulation of fundamental rights of subjects, originally on a local and regional basis, and the effectiveness of the institutions created to control governments. The growth of cities, which acquired various levels of autonomy and autarchy, was fundamental to make it possible that immunities and particular privileges similar to those of clerics and aristocrats were extended to the new communities. The periods of urban growth, and the density of cities within particular territories, determined which balance of powers was stabilised. The earliest and most intense wave of urbanisation, in North and Central Italy from the 10th to the 13th century, brought civil rights and privileges for local communes, but also domination of the largest cities as they absorbed or eliminated all potentially countervailing powers. In other regions, various balances were attained between the prevailing seigneurial interests and those of urban communities.
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Leontidou, Lila. "Urban Social Movements in ‘Weak’ Civil Societies: The Right to the City and Cosmopolitan Activism in Southern Europe." Urban Studies 47, no. 6 (May 2010): 1179–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098009360239.

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The transition from fast spontaneous urbanisation in southern Europe, with popular squatting as a form of civil disobedience, to ‘new social movements’ (NSMs) for democratic globalisation in cities, is taking place in the context of a broader transition. In the 20th century, there were unstable politics, civil wars and also still dictatorships in the south, which contributed in a north—south divide in Europe, engulfing civil societies, the welfare state, planning and grassroots mobilisations for a ‘right to the city’. This paper focuses on social transformation during the 21st century and points to three directions. First, it explores the nature of several NSMs as urban social movements (USMs) organised by loosely networked cosmopolitan collectivities, social centres and flâneur activists demanding a ‘right to the city’, and interprets this with reference to globalisation, democratisation and the Europeanisation of southern civil societies. Secondly, it unveils innovative forms of ‘urban’ mobilisations in the south, influencing the rest of the Europe: squatting in the past, social centres and the ESF (both starting in Italy) at present. Thirdly, it traces transformations of USMs between two centuries and argues about the deconstruction of the north—south divide in Europe with regard to movements and definitions of the ‘right to the city’. Mediterranean USMs have offered new insights and have broadened geographical imaginations in Europe.
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Petrovic, Nikola, and Bejan Saciri. "History of the treatment of persons with psychological difficulties and the abuse of their civil rights." Temida 16, no. 2 (2013): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1302033p.

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Treatment of persons with psychological difficulties varied in different historical periods, but in its essence remained similar until today. It included an inhumane relationship towards these persons, involuntary treatment through torture, and isolation from society as a kind of punishment for their diversity. It was not until the late 19th century that the relationship of society towards these individuals started to improve gradually, but in the 21st century isolation of these individuals still remained the dominant form of acceptable social solution for the ?problem?, with a somewhat more humane attitude towards them and less cruel treatment. Serbia has followed the trends of treatment of the persons with psychological difficulties from the rest of Europe for centuries, but is still lagging behind the world in the introduction of new methods of treatment. Indeed the first legal solution to regulate the human rights of these people is currently in the process of implementation. The subject of this paper is the treatment of persons with psychological difficulties and the violation of their civil rights. In a subject specific context the goal of the analysis was the historical review of the treatment towards persons with psychological difficulties by doctors, other practicioners and the community in general, with reference to the current situation regarding their treatment within the psychiatric institutions, as well as the legal regulations and the protection of their civil rights.
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Singh, Michelle, and Michael Makanga. "OC-8723 CREATING AND ENHANCING TRUSTWORTHY, RESPONSIBLE AND EQUITABLE PARTNERSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A18.2—A19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.45.

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Achieving equity in international research remains a crucial concern of the 21st century. Despite initiatives by international organisations on governance frameworks and standards to guide research conduct, such efforts remain disparate and lack focus. In an interdisciplinary collaboration between multi-level ethics bodies, policy-advisors, civil society, funders, industry and academic scholars, the TRUST project combines long-standing, highly respected efforts to establish international governance structures along with networking opportunities between Europe, sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.The goal of TRUST is to catalyse a collaborative effort to improve adherence to high ethical standards in global research. The strategic outputs of the project encompass a set of ethics tools developed through participatory engagement traversing all continents: (i) a global code of conduct for funders, (ii) a fair research contracting web-tool (iii) and a compliance and ethics follow-up tool.Since project inception in October 2015, the TRUST consortium has a) created an international network on global research ethics governance to identify generic risks of exporting non-ethical practices; b) established funder and industry platforms; c) identified typical case studies of exporting non-ethical practices and reported on lessons learnt; d) developed a global code of conduct that will be used by the European Commission and like-minded funders to foster ethical research and equitable partnerships; e) designed an online Fair Research Contracting tool to empower vulnerable populations under non-ideal conditions; and f) drafted a compliance and ethics follow-up tool, for conditions of high vulnerability.TRUST envisages to make a tremendous impact on three major issues: a) enhancing the rights of indigenous people who have borne a disproportionate burden of research whilst being potentially highly vulnerable to exploitation; b) increasing civil society engagement and improving uptake of the ethics dimension in research and innovation; and c) improving global awareness of the highest ethical standards along with clear, defined incentives for research competitiveness.
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Hill, Walter B. "Researching Civil Rights History in the 21st Century." Journal of African American History 93, no. 1 (January 2008): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jaahv93n1p94.

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van Waas, Laura. "Statelessness: A 21st century challenge for Europe." Security and Human Rights 20, no. 2 (2009): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187502309788254597.

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AbstractOver the past decade, a deepening understanding of the gravity of the problem of statelessness, as well as the growing realisation that the international legal framework relating to statelessness exhibits numerous shortcomings, has made it clear that this issue warrants further engagement by the international community. This article looks more closely at statelessness as a fundamental challenge for Europe in the twenty-first century. The piece discusses why finding an appropriate response to statelessness can be deemed imperative, taking into account both human rights and human security considerations. To provide an impression of current opportunities for addressing statelessness, some of the strengths and limitations of the existing international legal framework relating to statelessness are presented. Finally, the article discusses a number of recent developments, in particular in Europe, which may open new avenues for meeting the challenge of statelessness in the future.
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Peñalver i Cabré, Alexandre. "Human Right to Environment and Its Effective Protection in Catalonia, Spain and Europe." International Journal of Legal Information 42, no. 1 (2014): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073112650002833x.

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Human Right to Environment is one the most relevant Third Generation Human Rights which includes new universal needs arisen from the last third of 20th century. These new human rights add as an additional layer to the First Generation Human Rights (civil and political rights from the end of 18th century) and to the Second Generation Human Rights (economic, social and cultural rights from 19th century).
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Ziolkowska, Jadwiga R., and Bozydar Ziolkowski. "Effectiveness of Water Management in Europe in the 21st Century." Water Resources Management 30, no. 7 (March 14, 2016): 2261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-016-1287-9.

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Hahn, Henning. "Global Democracy. The Struggle for Political and Civil Rights in the 21st Century." Development in Practice 18, no. 6 (November 2008): 804–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614520802387171.

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Macková, Zuzana. "Wither the social security and the welfare state in the 21st century - A relic or necessity?" Bratislava Law Review 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2018.2.2.114.

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Article provides for an overview of core terms, definitions and recent developments in the area of social rights and social security in context of Central and Eastern Europe, with focus on Slovakia. It advocates for protection of social standards through the universalist, social-democratic model of welfare state, in order to uphold and enhance democracy and human rights in the region, with a view of their genuine, daily realisation and enjoyment by everyone and all.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Civil rights – Europe – 21st century"

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BIRNIE, Rutger Steven. "The ethics and politics of deportation in Europe." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/61307.

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Defence date: 19 February 2019
Examining Board: Professor Rainer Bauböck, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Matthew Gibney, University of Oxford; Professor Iseult Honohan, University College Dublin; Professor Jennifer Welsh, McGill University (formerly European University Institute)
This thesis explores key empirical and normative questions prompted by deportation policies and practices in the contemporary European context. The core empirical research question the thesis seeks to address is: what explains the shape of deportation regimes in European liberal democracies? The core normative research question is: how should we evaluate these deportation regimes morally? The two parts of the thesis address each of these questions in turn. To explain contemporary European deportation regimes, the four chapters of the first part of the thesis investigate them from a historical and multilevel perspective. (“Expulsion Old and New”) starts by comparing contemporary deportation practices to earlier forms of forced removal such as criminal banishment, political exile, poor law expulsion, and collective expulsions on a religious or ethnic basis, highlighting how contemporary deportation echoes some of the purposes of these earlier forms of expulsion. (“Divergences in Deportation”) looks at some major differences between European countries in how, and how much, deportation is used as a policy instrument today, concluding that they can be roughly grouped into four regime types, namely lenient, selective, symbolically strict and coercively strict. The next two chapters investigate how non-national levels of government are involved in shaping deportation in the European context. (“Europeanising Expulsion”) traces how the institutions of the European Union have come to both restrain and facilitate or incentivise member states’ deportation practices in fundamental ways. (“Localities of Belonging”) describes how provincial and municipal governments are increasingly assertive in frustrating deportations, effectively shielding individuals or entire categories of people from the reach of national deportation efforts, while in other cases local governments pressure the national level into instigating deportation proceedings against unwanted residents. The chapters argue that such efforts on both the supranational and local levels must be explained with reference to supranational and local conceptions of membership that are part of a multilevel citizenship structure yet can, and often do, come apart from the national conception of belonging. The second part of the thesis addresses the second research question by discussing the normative issues deportation gives rise to. (“Deportability, Domicile and the Human Right to Stay”) argues that a moral and legal status of non-deportability should be extended beyond citizenship to all those who have established effective domicile, or long-term and permanent residence, in the national territory. (“Deportation without Domination?”) argues that deportation can and should be applied in a way that does not dominate those it subjects by ensuring its non-arbitrary application through a limiting of executive discretion and by establishing proportionality testing in deportation procedures. (“Resisting Unjust Deportation”) investigates what can and should be done in the face of unjust national deportation regimes, proposing that a normative framework for morally justified antideportation resistance must start by differentiating between the various individual and institutional agents of resistance before specifying how their right or duty to resist a particular deportation depends on motivational, epistemic and relational conditions.
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Beramendi, Heine Virginia. "21st Century citizenship: human rights, global civil society and the pushing of boundaries : The role of civil society in the refugee crisis: the case of the Swedish Red Cross." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-147626.

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In the last few years, migration towards Europe has intensified as a result of poverty and war in other parts of the world. Now, the European Union finds itself in a “refugee crisis” that has brought about contrasting reactions from within European societies. While many civil society organizations have mobilized for the inclusion of asylum seekers and undocumented migrants, governments have increasingly focused on restricting access and limiting their numbers. This study seeks to understand and explain the role of civil society in the refugee crisis. To this end, citizenship and framing theories are applied to the case of the Swedish Red Cross. Specific “acts of citizenship” carried out by the Red Cross in Sweden, and in Europe more generally, are analyzed. The study’s findings suggest that this civil society organization/movement acts as both a “denationalizing” (Sassen 2002) and a “post-nationalizing” (Bosniak 2006) force as it pushes the boundaries of citizenship from within and beyond the borders of the nation-state. It does this by calling upon international humanitarian and human rights laws and principles and by positioning itself inside and outside the political system at the same time.
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Wenhold, Marece. "The Black Sash : assessment of a South African political interest group." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1304.

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Spell, Lindsay Joella. "Controlling the Empire: Measuring Ethnic Residential Segregation in London, 2001-2011." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1978.

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This research presents an overview of ethnic residential segregation in London, England, from 2001 to 2011 using four different methods of measurement. The purpose of the study was to both examine changes in the level of segregation among different ethnic groups between census dates and to compare various methods of measurement. Using the Index of Dissimilarity, Poulsen et al.'s (2001) typology classification and two different local statistics (Getis-Ord G* and Anselin Local Moran's I), the levels of concentration of the five main ethnic minority groups in London were measured for data from the 2001 and 2011 censuses. The five ethnic minority groups studied were: Black African, Black Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi. Of the five populations analyzed, only the Black Caribbean population showed any decrease in its overall level of segregation, while the other four all saw slight increases in segregation over the period. After comparing the four methods used, it was determined that while all offer a different perspective on the segregation of groups across space, the Anselin Local Moran's I statistic provides the most detailed result of variation in concentration across space.
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Royeppen, Andrea Leigh. "How does security limit the right to protest? : a study examining the securitised response to protest in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013071.

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In South Africa, the right to protest is under constant threat as a result of the state response. Increasing cases of forceful policing and sometimes unlawful procedural prohibitions of protest attest to this. This study aims to firstly describe this situation through securitisation theory, essentially arguing that South Africa has become a securitised state. It also aims to understand how this is sustained by the state and why the state needs to use a securitised response to maintain power. Interviews were conducted with members of different communities and organisations. Their responses helped to illustrate the frustration of the right to protest or brutal policing during a protest. This provided primary evidence to support the claims of the study. The research shows that claims to protest are being delegitimised under the guise of security as protestors are being constructed as threats to the state. This is further substantiated by looking at how the reorganisation and remililtarisation of the South African Police perpetuates the criminalisation of protestors which necessitates a forceful response from the state. Furthermore, it shows that there is a distinct relationship between the prohibition of protest and the recent increase in ‘violent’ protests which legitimate forceful policing thereby creating a state sustained cycle of violence. The larger implication of this treatment is that these protestors are treated as non- citizens who are definitively excluded from participating in governance. In understanding why this is taking place, it is clear that a securtitised response is an attempt to maintain power by dispelling any threats to power, a response which is seen to have a long history in the African National Congress (ANC) when examining the politics of the ANC during exile. Maintaining power in this way distracts from the larger agenda of the state, which this thesis argues, is to mask the unraveling of the ANC’s hegemony and inability to maintain national unity. In other words, the increasing dissatisfaction of some of the citizenry which has manifested through protest greatly undermines the legitimacy of the government to provide for its people.
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al-Ḥasīrī, Tāriq Abu Bakr. "Mafāhim ʻaṣrīya lil-siyāsāt al-sharʻīyat." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11887.

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Arabic text
الحمدُ لله الذي أكْرَمَنَا بِنُورالعلمِ المُبَدِّدِ للظُلمات, وعصَمَنا به من الأهواءِ المُرْدِية والآراءِ المُضلة رافع الإصْرَ عنَّا, جاء بالدين الوَسَطِ وحَذَّرَ من الوَكْسِ والشَطَطِ وبعدُ : فإنَّ أحقَ العلومِ بالتَّسْطِيرِ وأنفَسهَا عند الجَمْعِ والتَّحْبِيرِ , تِبْيَان وجهِ الحقِّ فيما تتعَاورهُ الأفهام بالجهلِ تار ة , وتار ة بما عرض لها من الأَوْهَامِ , ومن المهم تَجْديد وتَرْسِيخِ المفاهيم السياسية في ضوء نظام الشريعة الإسلامية, مِفْتَاح الهداية ونَهْجِ السعادة, بل وتصحيحها مما اعْتَراهَا من التشويه والزَّيفِ إذ ذاك من أفضل النوافل وأعظمها نفعا وعائدة, وأوفرها خيرا وفائدة. واعلم أن الناس أصنافٌ مختلفون وأطوارٌ مُتباينون يتقاطعون بالإيثار تابعا ومتبوعا ويتساعدون على أعمالهم آمِرا ومَأْمُور ا , فكان لزاما أن أحرر بحثا للرسالة, وانْصَبَّ الإختيار على السياسة ليوافق المقال الحال, فالإنتفاضات والثورات الشعبية تَتْرَا في دولنا الإسلامية, والمرحلةُ تستلزم المشاركة وتوضيح المفاهيم الشرعية, وجلاء الحقائق وإسْقَاطها على الواقع وتصحيح المسارات, فالرأي العام بين مُوجِبٍ ومُبيحٍ للثورات, وسَاكتٍ ومُطيعٍ لهذه الحكومات. لذلكَ ارتأيتُ أن أُبْحِرَ في خِضمِّ هذه الأمواج الفكرية المُتلاطمةِ , وأُشَمِرَعن ساعدي راجيا أن أبلغ الحقيقة الصائبة, وأُرْشِد القارىء الكريم إلى فَهْمِ السياسةِ الراشدة
Recent political turmoil and developments in the Muslim World have motivated me to present this dissertation aimed at renewing, correcting and deepening an understanding of political concepts in light of the Islamic code. It is thus my endeavour to relate them to current reality as I perceive it. A primary concern that I address herein are debates revolving around political rebellion; namely, their permissibility or the need to remain sycophantic towards prevailing political authorities.
Religious Studies & Arabic
M.A. (Islamic Studies)
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Books on the topic "Civil rights – Europe – 21st century"

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Didier, Bigo, ed. Europe's 21st century challenge: Delivering liberty. Farnham, Surrey, [England]: Ashgate Pub. Co., 2010.

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1950-, Sadurski Wojciech, ed. Political rights under stress in 21st century Europe. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 2006.

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Civil rights in the 21st century. [Mechanicsburg, Pa.]: Pennsylvania Bar Institute, 2007.

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Domino, John C. Civil rights & liberties in the 21st century. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010.

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Civil Rights & Liberties in the 21st Century. London: Taylor and Francis, 2017.

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Domino, John C. Civil rights and liberties in the 21st century. 2nd ed. London: Longman Publishers, 2003.

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Democratic civil-military relations: Soldiering in 21st-century Europe. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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Mannitz, Sabine. Democratic civil-military relations: Soldiering in 21st-century Europe. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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Domino, John C. Civil Rights and Liberties in the 21st Century. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623627.

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Bigo, Didier. Europe's 21st century challenge: Delivering liberty. Farnham, Surrey, [England]: Ashgate Pub. Co., 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Civil rights – Europe – 21st century"

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Domino, John C. "Due Process Rights and Criminal Justice." In Civil Rights and Liberties in the 21st Century, 156–224. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623627-4.

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Michalski, Anna, and Zhongqi Pan. "China, Europe, and Normative Preferences on Sovereignty and Human Rights." In Governing China in the 21st Century, 97–132. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3141-0_5.

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Mayerfeld, Jamie. "The High Price of American Exceptionalism: Comparing Torture by the United States and Europe after 9/11." In Human Rights in the 21st Century, 107–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307407_7.

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Domino, John C. "Introduction: Rights and Liberties and the Supreme Court." In Civil Rights and Liberties in the 21st Century, 1–26. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623627-1.

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Domino, John C. "Freedom of Expression." In Civil Rights and Liberties in the 21st Century, 27–95. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623627-2.

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Domino, John C. "Freedom of Religion and Freedom from Religion." In Civil Rights and Liberties in the 21st Century, 96–155. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623627-3.

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Domino, John C. "Privacy: “The Right to Be Let Alone” or “The Right to Choose”?" In Civil Rights and Liberties in the 21st Century, 225–78. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623627-5.

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Domino, John C. "Equal Protection of the Laws." In Civil Rights and Liberties in the 21st Century, 279–337. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623627-6.

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Domino, John C. "Conclusion: Revolution and Counterrevolution." In Civil Rights and Liberties in the 21st Century, 338–56. Fourth edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315623627-7.

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van der Meer, Frits M., Trui Steen, and Anchrit Wille. "Civil Service Systems in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis." In Comparative Civil Service Systems in the 21st Century, 38–56. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137491459_3.

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Reports on the topic "Civil rights – Europe – 21st century"

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Girdap, Hafza. Liberal Roots of Far Right Activism – The Anti-Islamic Movement in the 21st Century. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/br0007.

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Lars Erik Berntzen aims to probe the growth of far-right and anti-Islamic twist in Western Europe and North America since 2001 through his book “Liberal roots of Far Right Activism – The Anti-Islamic Movement in the 21st Century” by focusing on a specific context in terms of spatial and temporal meanings. According to his book, through “framing Islam as a homogenous, totalitarian ideology which threatens Western civilization” far-right seems to abandon the old, traditional, radical, authoritarian attitude towards a more liberal, modern, rights-based strategy.
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