Academic literature on the topic 'Civil partnership - Law'
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Journal articles on the topic "Civil partnership - Law"
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Лик and Jan Lic. "The problem of joint co-ownership in a Polish civil law partnership." Administration 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2014): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5640.
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The problem of joint co-ownership in a Polish civil law partnership constitutes one of the most complex and contentious problems in Polish civil law. On one hand, there are many reasons why a civil law partnership should have legal capacity, capacity to be a party in civil cases, bankruptcy capacity and a status of an entrepreneur. On the other hand, the system of joint co-ownership precludes the partnership from being accorded that status. Recognising the legal capacity of a partnership would mean that it is a carrier of rights and obligations. This, however, would be defied by the system of joint co-ownership, since in that case it would be the partners, as coowners, that would be the carriers of rights and obligations. It is not possible that a partnership and its partners are both carriers of the same property rights; particularly, the right to the property of partnership. Even if the legislature de-cided that a civil law partnership is not just a civil law obligation, but also an organisa-tional unit and that the legal capacity should be accorded to it, then the system of joint co-ownership in a civil law partnership would also have to be waived. Numerous provi-sions of public law, including in particular tax law, suggest such a solution. They already treat a civil law partnership as a legal entity. Accordance of” as the act of granting civil law capacity would unify its status in all areas of law. Furthermore, there are cases from foreign law that speak for the above-presented solution. In France and Scotland a civil law partnership has legal personality. In Germany the equivalent partnership was granted legal capacity. In the latter country, this was possible without the need to resign from the system of community of joint co-ownership (Gesamthand). Contrary to the Polish joint co-ownership, the German Gesamthand is not a type of co-ownership, but a type of legal community of personal rather than property nature. In countries in which a civil law partnership has not been granted legal capacity, problems similar to those that occur in Polish law arise. The postulate of granting legal capacity to a civil law partnership is justified. However, it should be limited to partnerships that operate business activity. Ordinary external partnerships do not require legal capacity; therefore they can still retain the system of joint co-ownership.
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Stanik, Mariusz. "ZMIANY SKŁADU OSOBOWEGO SPÓŁKI CYWILNEJ." Zeszyty Prawnicze 9, no. 2 (June 25, 2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2009.9.2.08.
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Changes in Member’s Structure of Civil Law PartnershipsSummaryThe text concerns analysis of causes of changes in membership of civil law partnerships. In the first place the author briefly analysed the nature of civil law partnerships. Secondly, there is a legal analysis of causes of change in membership: withdrawal from the partnership by member’s notice, withdrawal from the partnership without member’s notice due to justified reasons, withdrawal from the partnership by member’s personal creditor notice, withdrawal from the partnership by member’s death or by recognition of member’s death, accession of the dead member’s heirs, accession of the new member, exclusion of the member and transfer of the membership. Analysis of the issue includes regulation of the Polish Civil Code, opinions expressed in the civil jurisprudence and court judgments.
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Fonni, Fonni. "ANALYSIS OF CIVIL PARTNERSHIP OF NOTARY BASED ON THE LAW OF NOTARY POSITION." Tadulako Master Law Journal 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j25797697.2018.v2.i2.10407.
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This study aimed to find out and comprehend (1) the formation of a civil partnership of notary in the implementation of the notary’s position: (2) the application of the principles of civil partnership stipulation in the Civil Code to civil partnership of notary. This research is a normative research that is a process to find out laws, legal principles, and legal doctrine to answer the legal problem. This study employed a statutory, comparison, and conceptual approaches. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the formation of civil partnership is not in line with the implementation of the notary position because the main purpose of the formation of civil partnership is to seek profit, while the obligation of the notary profession is to give priority to the society and the state. (2) the principles of civil partnership stipulation in the Civil Code differ from the principles of stipulation in the formation of notary civil partnerships, in the case of profit sharing. The form of civil partnership (Code Civil) applies profit sharing whereas in civil partnership of notary there is no profit sharing, but each notary receives honorarium in return for his services without any honorarium sharing. Therefore, a revision of the use of a civil partnership of notary term used in the Law of Notary Position is required
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Moskwa, Leopold. "Commercial law in Poland: Partnerships." Pravovedenie 65, no. 1 (2021): 76–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2021.105.
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Commercial law has lost its status as a branch of law separate from civil law and currently forms only a specialised part of it. The key criterion for distinguishing commercial law is the entrepreneur in the sense that commercial law is “the private law of entrepreneurs”. Due to their key importance on the market, commercial law companies occupy a special place among entrepreneurs and therefore there are attempts to make these forms of business activity as attractive as possible. The same applies to partnerships. Therefore, the following legislative efforts should be noted. Owing to the introduction of the Commercial Companies Code in 2001, partnerships gained legal capacity, but were not equipped with legal personality, and continued to be considered “imperfect” legal persons. Consequently, although they may acquire rights and incur liabilities, unlike legal persons, they are tax “transparent”, which means that they are not subject to income tax. The adoption of the principle of subsidiary liability of partners for the obligations of a partnership has become an important step and it strengthens the position of partners. This means that the creditor of a partnership may only conduct enforcement from the partners’ assets when the enforcement against the partnership’s assets proves ineffective. As a result, as long as the claims of the partnership’s creditors can be satisfied from the partnership’s assets, the partners are not in danger of being held liable for the partnership’s obligations. The introduction of two new types of partnerships into the Polish legal system, namely the professional partnership and a limited joint-stock partnership is of great importance. The former is intended only for professionals and regulates the liability of a partner for the company’s obligations in a very favourable manner. The partner is liable in a limited manner, i. e., solely for malpractice committed by himself or by persons under his supervision. In turn, a limited joint-stock partnership was introduced to protect entrepreneurs (general partners in spe) who intend to recapitalise on the enterprise which usually has an established position on the market, by issuing shares, without exposing themselves to the danger of the so-called hostile takeover.
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Ní Shúilleabháin, Máire. "PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW IMPLICATIONS OF ‘EQUAL CIVIL PARTNERSHIPS’." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 68, no. 1 (January 2019): 161–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589318000453.
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AbstractThe Steinfeld and Keidan campaign for ‘equal civil partnerships’ is focussed on English domestic law. However, it also has profound implications from a private international law perspective. If the UK parliament extends civil partnership to include different-sex couples, this will close a long-standing gap in English private international law. If, on the other hand, it was decided to abolish civil partnership, this would extend the existing lacuna in English private international law, and might generate further collisions with human rights norms. This article explores these lacunae and associated human rights concerns—and suggests possible solutions.
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Wojtkowiak, Anna. "Restrictions on the principle of economic freedom on the example of legal regulations regarding the granting of permits to partnerships." Gubernaculum et Administratio 2(24) (2021): 389–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/gea.2021.02.39.
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One of the forms of limiting the principle of economic freedom in the Polish legal system is the prohibition of entrepreneurs from pursuing economic activity in certain areas without a permit. The authorizing authority grants the permit to the entrepreneur who meets the conditions required by law. If a permit is required to conduct business activity by civil partnerships, the permit is issued to individual partners of that partnership, and not to the civil partnership itself, because the legislator does not grant the status of an entrepreneur to civil partnerships. This means that in a situation where we have, for example, five partners in a civil partnership, each of them must apply for a permit and bear the costs of its issuance, which in fact will be additional costs incurred for running a business in this organizational and legal form. Therefore, it can be assumed that the legislator treats civil partnerships worse than partnerships under commercial law, for which it is enough to run a business if they have one permit issued for a company.
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DİNÇ, Muhsin İshak. "THE DOCTRINE OF DEFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS PURSUANT TO CIVIL LAW PARTNERSHIP." Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51562/nkuhukuk.2023413.
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Türk Borçlar Kanunu’na göre adi ortaklık, iki ya da daha fazla kişinin emeklerini ve mallarını ortak bir amaca erişmek üzere birleştirmeyi üstlendikleri bir sözleşmesel ilişkidir. Kanun koyucu tarafından TBK md. 620 vd. maddelerinde temel ortaklık tipi olarak düzenlenen adi ortaklığın kurulması istisnai haller haricinde herhangi bir şekil şartına tabi değildir. Ancak ortaklar arasında kurulan sözleşmenin emredici hükümlere veya istisnai şekil şartlarına aykırılığı nedeniyle geçersiz hale gelmesi bazı sorunları da beraberinde getirecektir. Eğer sözleşme hükümsüz ise, hükümsüzlüğün hukuki sonucunun ortaklık bakımından geçerli olup olmadığı sorunu ortaya çıkar. Kanun tarafından hükümsüzlüğe ilişkin getirilen düzenlemeler ise esas olarak şirketler hukukunun gereksinimlerini karşılamamaktadır. Çalışmamızda, adi ortaklık ilişkileri ile sınırlı kalmak üzere, eksik (sakat) ortaklık doktrininin tarihçesi ile Alman hukukunun konuya bakış açısı kapsamlı ve karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınacaktır.
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Haileyesus, Israel Woldekidan. "Regulation of Ordinary Partnership under Ethiopian Law: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Legal Issues with the French Civil Partnership and the Thai Ordinary Partnership Regimes." Comparative Law Review 27 (December 22, 2021): 219–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/clr.2021.008.
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Civil/ordinary partnerships as non-commercial entities play a vital role as an alternative form of doing business in various jurisdictions. Though the issue of where they should be regulated is becoming nonsensical in recent times, it is wise to have a well-structured legal framework which regulates these entities. This article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the regulation of Ethiopia’s ordinary partnership with the French civil code partnership and the Thai ordinary partnership only on issues of formation, transfer of share, management, liability of partners, dissolution of partnership, distribution of profit and loss, and expulsion of a partner. The comparative analysis shows that in many areas of regulation, the Ethiopian law has more commonalities with that of Thai ordinary partnership and French civil code partnership legal regimes. This article also finds that the Ethiopian law of ordinary partnership ought to be improved as regards the issues of the transfer of shares related to ascendants and descendants, on the distribution of profits and losses, on the role of partners in a dissolution of the partnership, and on the expulsion of a partner.
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Majewski, Kamil. "COMMENTARY TO THE JUDGMENT OF THE NACZELNY SĄD ADMINISTRACYJNY OF 4 JUNE, 2013, REF. NUMBER ACT: II FSK 1534/12." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 2, no. XXI (June 30, 2021): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5616.
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The glossed judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court mainly concerns tax issues related to a civil-law partnership, including in particular the regulations of the Act of August 29, 1997 Tax Ordinance and the Act of July 26, 1991 on personal income tax. However, the NSA in the voted judgment also raised the issue of the principles of maintaining bank accounts for civil-law partnerships that are present in trade. This gloss does not cover tax aspects, but only the issues of a civil-law partnership as a bank client and the aforementioned rules for maintaining bank accounts in such cases. The author shares the view of the Supreme Administrative Court, according to which The bank cannot keep a settlement account for a civil partnership. However, such an account may be kept for the partners of this company (as a joint account - Art. 51 of the Banking Law) and presents arguments supporting this view
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Małozięć, Cezary August. "Legal comparative analysis of the Roman societas and the contemporary civil law partnership in Polish and German law." ASEJ Scientific Journal of Bielsko-Biala School of Finance and Law 22, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4274.
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The paper presents legal comparative analysis of the Roman societas and the contemporary civil law partnership in Polish and German law. The author analyses the origins and essence of a civil law partnership, then describes similarities and differences of internal and external relations between the partners of a civil law partnership. The analyzed sources are: the Institutes of Gaius, the Digest of Justinian, and Polish and German Civil Codes. The author stresses that the structure of the contemporary civil law partnership in Polish and German legal systems is still very similar to the Roman societas, mainly because of its common origin.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Civil partnership - Law"
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Storto, Paula Raccanello. "Liberdade de associação e os desafios das organizações da sociedade civil no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-11042016-134719/.
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O presente estudo tem por objetivo identificar de que forma o direito de liberdade de associação vem sendo aplicado com relação às organizações da sociedade civil no Brasil. A partir da análise das diferentes dimensões da liberdade de associação e das normas que tratam das organizações da sociedade civil no Brasil pós Constituição Federal de 1988, apresentamos os principais desafios a serem superados para que as organizações da sociedade civil sejam tratadas de forma a melhor garantir o direito de liberdade de associação e um marco regulatório mais adequado ao seu desenvolvimento.The present study aims to identify how the right to freedom of association has been applied with respect to civil society organizations in Brazil. From the analysis of the different dimensions of freedom of association and rules dealing with civil society organizations in Brazil, after the Federal Constitution of 1988, we present the main challenges to be overcome so that civil society organizations can be treated to ensure right to freedom of association and a legal framework best suited to their development.
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Ougier, Stéphanie. "L'alimentaire et l'indemnitaire dans les règlements pécuniaires entre époux consécutifs au divorce - étude comparée de droit français et de droit canadien." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020031/document.
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Le droit des règlements pécuniaires entre époux consécutifs au divorce a pendant longtemps été fondé sur l’idée de sanctionner le conjoint responsable de la rupture que ce soit en France, au Canada ou dans la province canadienne de Québec. Bien que de traditions juridiques différentes, les droits français et canadien reconnaissaient ainsi un rôle central à la faute dans leur droit du divorce. Face à l’évolution concomitante des sociétés française et canadienne vers un individualisme plus marqué et une volonté croissante de pacifier les conflits, ces droits ont dû tendre vers une plus grande objectivation du divorce et de ces conséquences. Parallèlement à un mouvement de quasi-disparition de la faute, de nouvelles institutions sont apparues dans les droits étudiés, institutions fondées sur des idées de compensation, d’équité mais aussi de solidarité avec la survie ou l’apparition d’obligations alimentaires. Aujourd’hui, les droits étudiés sont marqués par une diversité d’institutions avec pour certaines des fondements multiples et des intitulés qui, malgré la différence de tradition juridique, peuvent se répondre comme, par exemple, la pension alimentaire non compensatoire canadienne qui n’est pas sans rappeler la prestation compensatoire que nous qualifions d’alimentaire française. Cette diversité amène alors à s’interroger sur la nécessité de repenser et de rationaliser les institutions existantes pour les rendre tout à la fois plus compréhensibles mais aussi plus accessibles par les futurs ex-époux. Cette simplification doit en effet s’accompagner d’une plus grande liberté contractuelle permettant aux conjoints divorcés de se réapproprier leur séparation avec l’aide d’un avocat, d’un médiateur ou encore du juge. Le divorce pacifié, se pose alors la question de la pacification de la rupture des autres couples que sont les unions libres ou encore les PACS et union civile. Ces unions hors mariage se développant, il est nécessaire aujourd’hui de prendre en considération les conséquences de leur dissolution voire d’envisager un droit commun des règlements pécuniaires consécutifs à toute séparationHistorically post-divorce laws between spouses was based in France, Canada and Quebec on penalizing the responsible party of the separation. Although from different law traditions, Canadian and French law recognized an important place to the fault in their divorce laws. However, the tendency of the French and Canadian societies to be more individual and to pacify conflicts, divorce law had to change to become more objectivized. The movement of removing the fault in divorce permitted the creation of new institutions based on compensation, equity and solidarity which is symbolized by spousal support and alimony. The studied laws are characterized by diverse institutions, are founded on different grounds. These institutions inspired by different law traditions are thus very similar such as the Canadian on compensatory spousal support and the French compensatory obligation that we call "alimony compensatory obligation". This diversity impose us to think about the possibility of a renewal and rationalization of the existent institutions in order to be simplified and comprehensible for the future divorce spouses. A greater freedom of contract should also ensure the appropriation of the divorce's consequences by the divorced spouse with help of lawyers, mediators and judges. Once the divorce humanized, the question of the pacification of the dissolution/ ruptures of other types of union such as common law marriage or civil partnership. The increasing number of those new couples, it is becoming a necessity to take in consideration the consequences of their dissolution and draw a new common law for their dissolution
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Damrosch, Peter(Peter Leopold). "Mobility as a public service : integrating civil rights laws in partnerships between transit agencies and ride-hailing companies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129872.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, February, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Recently, a number of public transportation agencies have formed partnerships with Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Lyft. Proponents of these collaborations emphasize their potential to expand the reach of public transportation systems, while skeptics caution that transit agencies should not divert resources from core bus and rail networks, and should not rely upon drivers who lack basic health and employment benefits. This thesis contributes to the growing body of research around TNC partnerships by focusing on one important dimension: the degree to which these partnerships meet the standards of federal civil rights law. Laws such as Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 require transit agencies to ensure that the benefits and burdens of their services are distributed equally. And yet despite the importance of these laws, little is known about how transit agencies are meeting their civil rights obligations in the context of partnerships with TNCs.
To shed light on this question, I reviewed the existing research on TNC partnerships and conducted eighteen interviews with officials from transit agencies, advocacy organizations, and the Federal Transit Administration. I have found that the level of attention and regulatory innovation has varied across civil rights regimes. Many transit agencies have devoted substantial attention to the Americans with Disabilities Act, finding new ways to use these partnerships to improve mobility for people with disabilities. And yet, four years into this series of partnerships, there has been much less innovation with regard to Title VI and the Executive Order on Environmental Justice, which together prohibit discrimination on the basis of race and income. With a few limited exceptions, transit agencies have generally not taken the steps needed to ensure that TNC partnerships comply with these bedrock civil rights provisions.
This is an area where advocates, regulators, and transit agencies should devote greater attention. If these partnerships are to play a role in the future of public transportation--as some advocates believe they should--they must satisfy the basic legal and ethical imperative of providing service transparently and equitably.
by Peter Damrosch.
M.C.P.
M.C.P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
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Monget, Quentin. "Les mutations du statut patrimonial des couples." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ASSA0003.
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Bien des couples, aujourd’hui, passent du concubinage au pacs, puis du pacs au mariage, qui sont les trois conjugalités que propose le droit contemporain. À chacune correspond un statut patrimonial spécifique (prévoyant une répartition des biens et des dettes, instituant des effets sociaux et fiscaux, etc.). Or ces statuts sont en pleine mutation : aujourd’hui, on ne compte plus les transformations légales et jurisprudentielles qui s’accomplissent. Quelles sont ces évolutions ? Jusqu’où doivent-elles se poursuivre ? Tel est l’objet de cette étude. Elle relativise l’idée qu’un droit commun du couple serait appelé à émerger : elle constate que, même si un phénomène de convergence est à l’œuvre, d’autres évolutions tendent à accroître certaines différences entre les conjugalités. Elle démontre alors que le droit positif se structure sur le modèle d’une gradation. Plus un couple choisit une conjugalité stable et engagée, plus son statut patrimonial devient exorbitant, communautaire et protecteur. Les amants sont ainsi incités à s’engager sur un chemin jalonné d’étapes prédéterminées (couple sentimental, emménagement, pacs, mariage) que l’on peut appeler iter copulae ; ce modèle est en phase non seulement avec le droit positif, mais aussi avec la réalité sociologique moderne.Ainsi, l’étude synthétise les évolutions en cours. Elle suggère de les approfondir où elles sont inachevées, de les tempérer où elles sont excessives, de les consacrer où elles sont prétoriennes ; le propos est parsemé de propositions de réformes, toutes destinées à asseoir le droit positif sur des bases durables, car plus en phase avec les aspirations modernesMany French couples today move from cohabitation to civil partnership, then from civil partnership to marriage, which are the three forms of conjugality offered by contemporary law. Each has its own specific property status (providing for the division of assets and debts, establishing social and tax effects, etc.). But these statuses are in a state of flux,with countless legal and case law changes being made. What are these changes ? How far should they continue ? That is the purpose of this study. It sets itself apart by putting into perspective the idea that a common law governing couples will emerge : it notes that, even if a phenomenon of convergence is at work, other developments are tending to increase certain differences between conjugal relationships. It then shows that positive law is structured on the model of a gradation. The more a couple chooses a stable and committed conjugal relationship, the more their property status becomes exorbitant, communal and protective. Lovers are thus encouraged to embark on a path marked out by predetermined stages (romantic relationship, moving in, civil partnership, marriage) that can be called iter copulae ; thismodel is in line not only with positive law, but also with modern sociological reality. The study summarises current developments. It suggests deepening them where they are incomplete, tempering them where they are excessive, and enshrining them where they are praetorian. The study is interspersed with proposals for reform, all designed to put positive law on a sustainable footing, since it is more in tune with modern aspirations
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González, Manuel Alberto Castillo. "The legalization of intimacy in Mexico." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17364.
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DIE LEGALISIERUNG DER INTIMITÄT IN MEXIKO von Manuel Castillo Diese Dissertation wurde zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor iuris (Dr. iur.) an der Juristischen Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin in Deutschland vorgelegt. Das Hauptthema der Forschung ist die Legalisierung der Intimität, am Fallbeispiel des mexikanischen Rechts. Mit der Prämisse, dass das Recht auf Intimität sich aus dem Recht auf Privatsphäre ergibt, bespricht diese Forschungsarbeit die grundlegenden Menschenrechte, die einen Rahmen für die Legalisierung der Intimität ermöglichen. Die Einführung, der Sphären und Strukturen der Intimität, liefert eine Vorgehensweise zur Analyse dieses Themas. Es erfolgt eine Betrachtung der Frage der Geschlechter in ihrer Beziehung mit dem Recht und der Intimität. Aus einer „queer“ Perspektive hinterfragt diese Dissertation die Gleichstellung von Ehe und gleichgeschlechtlicher Ehe, mit dem Argument, ob eine neue Form der Legalisierung der Intimität für alle notwendig ist. Darüber hinaus, liefert diese Arbeit eine vergleichende Bewertung der mexikanischen Rechtsvorschriften im Rahmen des Völkerrechts. Am Ende der Dissertation, wird ein Vorschlag zur Legalisierung der Intimität im einundzwanzigsten Jahrhundert dargeboten.THE LEGALIZATION OF INTIMACY IN MEXICO by Manuel Castillo This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor iuris (Dr. iur.) at the Faculty of Law, of the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin in Germany. The main scope of the research is the legalization of intimacy, using Mexican law as a case study. Considering that the right to intimacy arises from the right to privacy, this research discusses the fundamental human rights that constitute a framework for the legalization of intimacy. The research provides an approach to the analysis of this subject that includes what has been introduced as the Spheres of Intimacy and the Structures of Intimacy. The issue of gender is discussed in its relationship with the law and intimacy. From a queer perspective, this dissertation questions the equality of marriage and same-sex marriage, arguing that a new form of legalization of intimacy for all is needed. Furthermore, this study provides a comparative review of Mexican legislations within the framework of international law. At the end, this dissertation offers a proposal for the legalization of intimacy in the twenty-first century.
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Nunez, Olsson Thalia. "Samkönade relationer : Hur rättssäkra är civilståndshandlingar vid EU-medborgares gränsöverskridningar inom EU?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19100.
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I dag är det vanligt att EU-medborgare företar en gränsöverskridning med sin familj inom EU. Samkönade par har möjlighet att ingå äktenskap i fem medlemsstater, men eftersom äktenskapet inte erkänns i övriga 22 medlemsstater riskerar det samkönade paret att mottagarstaten ser äktenskapet som ogiltigt i rättslig mening vid en gränsöverskridning inom EU. Samkönade par som redan är gifta kan dock erhålla visst skydd för de fall en medlemsstat föreskriver samkönat registrerat partnerskap. EU-rätten föreskriver inga minimikrav för hur registrerat partnerskap bör utformas i medlemsstaters nationella rättssystem. Det har i sin tur vilket lett till att rättskyddet för samkönat registrerat partnerskap ser olika ut bland medlemsstaterna. Samkönade civilstånd är därför rättsosäkert vid gränsöverskridningar sett ur ett helhetsperspektiv. Familjerätten är ett rättsområde där medlemsstaterna har suveränitet. Medlemsstaterna har därför själva rätten att besluta hur familjerätten utformas i det nationella rättssystemet, men det finns vissa restriktioner. Medlemsstaternas utövande av sin suveränitet måste ske i konformitet med etablerade EU-principer och annan relevant EU-rätt. Kommissionen har kommit med ett förslag om ett automatiskt erkännande av civilståndshandlingar och uppsatsens syfte är därför att utreda om ett automatiskt erkännande är kompatibelt med gällande EU-rätt. För att besvara syftet i uppsatsen utreds gällande EU-rätt med direkt eller indirekt inverkan på samkönade relationer. Vidare utreds förslaget om ett automatiskt erkännande av civilståndshandlingar i kommissionens grönbok om minskad byråkrati för medborgarna tillsammans med de yttranden som grönboken mottagit från olika organisationer. Genom att ställa ett automatiskt erkännande av civilståndshandlingar mot gällande EU-rätt leder slutsatsen fram till vilka hinder och möjligheter som föreligger vid genomförandet av förslaget. De hinder och möjligheter som föreligger talar för att ett automatiskt erkännande av civilståndshandlingar är genomförbart. EU-rätten ställer vissa krav på medlemsstaterna även om medlemsstaterna har suveränitet inom familjerätten. Följden blir att EU måste samarbeta med medlemsstaterna för att säkerställa rättssäkerheten av civilståndshandlingar när EU-medborgare vidtar gränsöverskridningar inom EU.Today it’s common for EU-citizens to move across borders with their families within the EU. Same-sex couples have access to marriage in five Member States, but because their marriage is not recognized in the other 22 Member States the same-sex marriage might be void in a legal sense in another Member State. Same-sex couples who are already married may benefit from some protection in the event that a Member State provides same-sex registered partnership. EU law does not provide a minimum requirement when Member States develop legal protection for same-sex couples through registered partnership in their legal system. This in turn has led to the differences among the Member States when it comes to same-sex registered partnership. Therefore, a same-sex civil status doesn’t provide a legal certainty in cross-border situations when looked upon from a broader perspective. Family law is an area of law where Member States have sovereignty. Therefore, the Member States have the right to shape the family law themselves in their national legal system, although there are some restrictions. When Member States exercise their sovereignty they must still exercise it in conformity with established EU principals and other relevant EU law. The Commission has now proposed an automatic recognition of civil status records and the purpose for this thesis is therefore to analyze whether an automatic recognition of civil status record are compatible with existing EU law. In order to answer the purpose in the thesis, EU law with direct or indirect impact on same-sex relationships is analyzed. Furthermore, the proposal of an automatic recognition of civil status records in the Commissions Green Paper on less bureaucracy for citizens is analyzed together with the opinions the Green Paper received from different organizations. When looking at the compatibility of an automatic recognition of civil status records and existing EU law, the conclusion highlights the obstacles and opportunities that exist with the implementation of the proposal. The obstacles and opportunities that exist suggest that an automatic recognition of civil status records is achievable. EU law imposes certain requirements on Member States, although Member States have sovereignty over their national family law. The previous suggests that the EU must work together with the Member States in order to ensure the legal certainty of civil status records when EU-citizens cross the borders within the EU.
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Escudey, Gaëtan. "Le couple en droit international privé : contribution à l’adaptation méthodologique du droit international privé du couple." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0301/document.
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L’influence libérale en droit de la famille et l’essor de l’idéologie individualiste ont provoqué un pluralisme des formes de conjugalité et ont considérablement accru la diversité des règles et des méthodes applicables aux couples en droit international privé contemporain.L’analyse des couples en droit international privé nous a alors conduit à repenser le droit international privé du couple. La déconstruction de la matière met en lumière l’inadaptation actuelle de la méthode conflictuelle classique et l’insuffisance de la méthode de la reconnaissance. En effet, l’actuel droit international privé du couple ne permet pas de garantir la continuité internationale du lien conjugal, pas plus qu’elle ne permet d’assurer un traitement juridique cohérent des problèmes auxquels sont confrontés les couples internationaux. Une réflexion quant à une possible évolution méthodologique de la matière était donc nécessaire. Cette étude vise à démontrer qu’une adaptation de la méthode conflictuelle classique à l’aune des objectifs de la méthode de la reconnaissance et fondée sur un raisonnement en termes de conflit d’autorités est possible. Elle apporterait aux règles de droit international privé du couple une meilleure cohérence tout en assurant aux rapports conjugaux internationaux une réelle stabilitéThe liberal influence in Family Law and the rise of individualist ideology have led to a multiplication of conjugal life forms and considerably increased the diversity of laws and methods applicable to couples in International Private Law. To analyse couples under International Private Law leads us to rethink the International Private Law of the Couple. Deconstructing this subject brings to light the current non-adaptation of the classic conflict of laws method and the insufficiency of the recognition approach. In fact, current International Private Law as it pertains to couples neither guarantees the international recognition of theconjugal bond nor ensures a coherent legal treatment of legal problems faced by international couples. It is therefore necessary to examine a possible methodological evolution of thesubject. This study aims to demonstrate that it is possible to adapt the classic conflict of lawsmethod by taking into account the objectives of the recognition approach whilst founding iton the lex auctoritas rule. This would not only bring better coherence to International Private Law of the Couple but it would also assure a real legal stability for international conjugal relationships
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Huang, Yen-Lun, and 黃彥倫. "Intepretation of Limited Partnership from the Perspective of Civil Law." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53srry.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
科際整合法律學研究所
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The thesis is about the “Limited Partnership” in Taiwan which is enacted in 2015, and it discuss the rights and obligations of limited partnership from the perspective of Taiwanese and Japanese civil law, both of which are civil law system. The “Limited partnership” in Taiwan is mainly influenced by common law countries such as the United States and Great Britain. On the other hand, the legislative explanations in certain articles indicate that they take either “Civil Code” or “Corporate Law” for reference. The thesis discusses the meaning and properties of limited partnership, the assets and debts of limited partnership, the internal and external effects of limited partnership, the subjective and objective change of limited partnership and the sissolution and liquidation of limited partnership based on the structure of the chapter of “Partnership” in Civil Code. Specifically, the thesis mainly focuses on the articles of “Limited Partnership Act”, and it handles the interpretation of legal effect when the registration status of a limited partnership is different from reality, the performance and breach of the obligation of contribution of a partner of a limited partnership, the internal and external responsibilities of different kinds of partners in a limited partnership (general partner, withdrawn partner, new partner, apparent partner and limited partner). The issues above are currently not mentioned in “Limited Partnership Act” in Taiwan, but they have been fully discussioned in civil law acadamia and practice. This thesis is published for implementing the interpretation of limited partnership system in Taiwan.
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Guth, Jessica. "When is a Partner not a Partner? Conceptualisations of ‘Family’ in EU free movement Law." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/8281.
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YesThis paper considers the definitions of spouse, civil partner and partner in European Union free movement of persons law in order to question the EU’s heterocentric approach to defining ‘family’ in this context. It argues that the terms ‘spouse’ should include same sex married partners to ensure there is no discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation. It further highlights the problems created by basing free movement rights of civil partners on host state recognition of such partnerships. This approach allows Member States to discriminate on the grounds of sexual orientation and is therefore not compatible with EU equality law in others areas. The position of unmarried or unregistered partners is also considered. In particular the paper examines the requirement of a duly attested durable relationship and its impact on same-sex partners wishing to move from one Member State to another. The paper argues that it is time to reconsider the law in this area and bring it in line with the EU’s commitment to eliminate discrimination on several grounds including sexual orientation.
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Beukes, Hendrik Gerhardus Johannes. "Lewensverhoudings : enkele juridiese aspekte." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2351.
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Text in Afrikaans.Die definisie van 'n huwelik tref 'n onderskeid tussen heteroseksuele en homoseksuele lewensmetgeselle ten opsigte van die bevoegdheid om te trou. Hierdie onderskeid op grond van seksuele georiënteerdheid mag moontlik ongrondwetlik wees. Voorts is daar 'n menigte regte en verpligtinge wat outomaties uit huweliksluiting spruit, maar nie outomaties op lewensverhoudings van toepassing is nie. Hierdie onderskeid op grond van huwelikstaat mag eweneens moontlik teen die bepalings van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, 1996 indruis. Hierdie studie is gevolglik daarop toegespits om ondersoek in te stel na die grondwetlikheid van hierdie twee onderskeide. Die ondersoek word geloods met verwysing na relevante wetgewing en regspraak. 'n Bondige oorsig van fundamentele regte word as agtergrond verskaf. Na afhandeling van die ondersoek word daar aandag geskenk aan die huidige en voorgestelde toekomstige erkenning en regulering van lewensverhoudings in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg, waarna die bevindings saamgevat en krities beoordeel word. SUMMARY The definition of marriage differentiates between heterosexual and homosexual life partners with regard to the capacity to marry. This differentiation on account of sexual orientation may possibly be unconstitutional. Furthermore there are a multitude of rights and obligations that automatically flow from marriage, which are not automatically applicable to life partnerships. This differentiation on account of marital status may also violate the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Accordingly this study is aimed at investigating the constitutionality of these two differentiations. The investigation is conducted with reference to relevant legislation and case law. A concise overview of fundamental rights is provided as background. In conclusion of the investigation, attention is paid to the present recognition and regulation of domestic partnerships in South African law, after which the findings are summarised and evaluated critically.
Jurisprudence
LL.M.
Books on the topic "Civil partnership - Law"
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Woelke, Andrea. Civil partnership: Law and practice. London: Law Society, 2006.
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Jane, Rayson, ed. The Civil Partnership Act 2004: A practical guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
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Louisiana. Corporation laws: Civil Code-Title XI ... [Baton Rouge, La.]: Published by W. Fox McKeithen, Secretary of State from House of Representatives database, 1988.
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Dominic, Brazil, ed. Blackstone's guide to the Civil Partnership Act 2004. Oxford: New York : Oxford University Press, 2005.
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Story, Joseph. Commentaries on the law of partnership, as a branch of commercial and maritime jurisprudence, with occasional illustrations from the civil and foreign law. 7th ed. Clark, NJ: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2007.
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Joseph, Story. Commentaries on the law of partnership, as a branch of commercial and maritime jurisprudence, with occasional illustrations from the civil and foreign law. 7th ed. Clark, NJ: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2007.
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Joseph, Story. Commentaries on the law of partnership, as a branch of commercial and maritime jurisprudence, with occasional illustrations from the civil and foreign law. 7th ed. Clark, NJ: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2007.
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Saccuzzo, Dennis P. Bar secrets: Agency & partnership : substantive law. San Diego, CA: Applications of Psychology to Law, 2007.
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Khamʻathibāi Pramūan Kotmāi Phǣng læ Phānit wādūai hānghunsūan læ bō̜risat. 2nd ed. Krung Thēp: Samnakphim Winyūchon, 2011.
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Podleś, Marcin. Spółka cywilna w obrocie gospodarczym. Warszawa: Oficyna Wolters Kluwer Polska, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Civil partnership - Law"
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Davies, Paula, and Paven Basuita. "Marriage and civil partnership." In Family Law, 31–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57552-4_2.
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Luther, Peter, and Alan Moran. "Civil Partnership Act 2004 (2004, c. 33)." In Core Statutes on Property Law, 321. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-54479-7_46.
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Burton, Frances. "Civil Partnership Act 2004 (2004 c. 33)." In Core Statutes on Family Law, 280–95. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-54510-7_61.
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"Civil Partnership." In Family Law, 229–36. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203114780-17.
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Sendall, Jane. "10. Civil Partnership Act 2004." In Family Law 2019, 92–94. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198837732.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses the scope of the Civil Partnership Act 2004 (CPA 2004) and the formation of civil partnerships. It also explains the differences between civil partnership and marriage. The CPA 2004 enables same-sex couples to form legally recognized civil partnerships. Once a partnership has been formed, civil partners assume many legal rights and responsibilities for each other, third parties, and the State.
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Sendall, Jane. "10. Civil Partnership Act 2004." In Family Law 2018. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787716.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses the scope of the Civil Partnership Act 2004 (CPA 2004) and the formation of civil partnerships. It also explains the differences between civil partnership and marriage. The CPA 2004 enables same-sex couples to form legally recognized civil partnerships. Once a partnership has been formed, civil partners assume many legal rights and responsibilities for each other, third parties, and the State.
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Sendall, Jane, and Roiya Hodgson. "10. Civil Partnership Act 2004." In Family Law 2020, 92–94. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198855033.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses the scope of the Civil Partnership Act 2004 (CPA 2004) which came into force on 5 December 2005 and the formation of civil partnerships. It outlines civil partnership and same-sex marriage under The Marriage (Same-Sex Couples) Act 2013. It also explains the differences between civil partnership and marriage. The CPA 2004 enables same-sex couples to form legally recognized civil partnerships. Once a partnership has been formed, civil partners assume many legal rights and responsibilities for each other, third parties, and the State. It does explain that adultery, however, is not a fact to establish the ground for dissolution of a civil partnership as it is in marriage.
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Hodgson, Roiya. "10. Civil Partnership Act 2004." In Family Law, 92–94. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198860730.003.0010.
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This chapter discusses the scope of the Civil Partnership Act 2004 (CPA 2004) which came into force on 5 December 2005 and the formation of civil partnerships. It outlines civil partnership and same-sex marriage under The Marriage (Same-Sex Couples) Act 2013. It also explains the differences between civil partnership and marriage. Once a partnership has been formed, civil partners assume many legal rights and responsibilities for each other, third parties, and the State. It does explain that adultery, however, is not a fact to establish the ground for dissolution of a civil partnership as it is in marriage. The Civil Partnership (Opposite-sex Couples) Regulations 2019 are also outlined.
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"Marriage and civil partnership." In Beginning Family Law, 7–21. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315771793-2.
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Sendall, Jane. "Civil Partnership Act 2004." In Family Law Handbook 2014, 88–90. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780199685554.003.0009.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Civil partnership - Law"
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Бардин, Лев, and Lev Bardin. "On the issue of the right to provide legal assistance." In St. Petersburg international Legal forum RD forum video — Rostov-na-Donu. Москва: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5a3a6faa331e66.29746358.
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The law establishes that representatives in the courts can be both lawyers and other persons providing legal assistance, as well as legal representatives. The Constitutional Court in its Resolution No. 15-P of 16.07.2004 indicated that representatives of legal entities in arbitration proceedings can be any person. But in accordance with Item II (A) (a) of the List of Specific Obligations of the Russian Federation for Services Included in Annex I to the Protocol of 16 December 2011 "On the Accession of the Russian Federation to the Marrakesh Agreement on the establishing of the WTO", only those who received the status Lawyer in accordance with Russian law, has the right to represent in criminal courts and Russian arbitration courts, as well as act as a representative of organizations in civil and administrative proceedings and proceedings on cases of administrative violations. Appropriate legislative changes are needed. The law states that the use of the terms "advocacy", "lawyer", "lawyer's chamber", "lawyer’s entity" in the names of organizations is allowed only by lawyers. Every year, Russia's tax inspections register dozens of organizations set up by non-layers, illegally including the above terms in their names. The law should provide not only prohibitions, but also sanctions for violation of these prohibitions. Collegiums of advocates often include the phrase "partners" in their names. But lawyers - members of the board are not partners and do not sign partnership agreements. Partners can not be among the governing bodies of the collegium . The application by collegiums of lawyers of the rules provided for non-commercial partnerships by the Federal Law "On Non-Profit Organizations" in the part of partners is illegal.
Only lawyers can establish a lawyer’s bureau and conclude a partnership agreement. But in practice in lawyer’s bureau, persons who do not have the status of a lawyer become partners. In other countries, in associating lawyers limited liability partnerships, along with partners, there are "associates". The introduction of such "associates" in our lawyer’s bureau will be a good alternative to attempts to include commercial organizations in the composition of lawyer entities.
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Miladinović, Snežana, and Blanka Kačer. "Izvanbračna zajednica u nasljednom pravu – komparativna analiza." In XVI Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upk20.763m.
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The hereditary legal effect of an extramarital partnership is of exceptional and growing importance for the civil law sphere, but also for life in general. This legal institute is very complex, and even in one state different laws contain different definitions of the term extramarital partnership. Thereby, although on first sight it looks different, such approach has arguments which justify it. It is certainly important to note that, even in the case of similar social circumstances, the normative answer of the legislator is not necessarily identical. In this paper, the authors have made the comparative study of this legal institute and gave conclusions de lege lata and de lege ferenda. Despite the fact that data from several countries were used, the authors focused primarily on the three countries with similar recent history, one of which is the EU member (Republic of Croatia), and two of them are just applying for this status (Republic of Serbia, Republic of Montenegro).
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Rodriguez, Julio. "A robust and flexible AOCS architecture for OHB’s Standard Earth Observation Platform (EOS)." In ESA 12th International Conference on Guidance Navigation and Control and 9th International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques. ESA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-020.
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OHB System AG has developed a new flexible Standard Earth Observation Platform called ‘EOS’ with the objective to serve the new Sentinel missions of the Copernicus program. The Copernicus program is an Earth monitoring initiative led by the European Union (EU) and carried out in partnership with the EU Member States and the European Space Agency (ESA) to access accurate and timely information services to better manage the environment, understand and mitigate the effects of climate change and ensure civil security. OHB’s EOS platform is targeting both the Sentinel expansion satellites, which have been contracted 3 years ago as well as the Sentinel extension satellites which are in the study phase and also potentially Earth Explorer satellites and national missions not requiring very high agility. All of those have different orbits and payloads and therefore pointing requirements. The goal of EOS is to provide a generic platform design with suitable performances at low recurring prices to potential customers. As the satellite platform in most cases is composed of common and well-established technologies, it provides the opportunity of fast track and low risk platform adaptation to different mission needs. The challenge of the AOCS architecture for EOS was to determine the kind of sensors, actuators and algorithms necessary to build a reliable and at the same time flexible architecture capable to cope with all kind of missions by varying the performance, technology or number of the sensors/actuators within the platform overall design. This means to satisfy all constraints (mechanical, thermal, electrical and programmatic) from other subsystems while reaching the necessary accuracy to complete the mission tasks demanded by the payload. The AOCS architecture of the EOS platform is currently serving the Anthropogenic CO2 Monitoring Mission (CO2M) of the Copernicus program showing its flexibility and capacity to be adapted for a specific purpose while providing the required performances to complete a desired mission.
Reports on the topic "Civil partnership - Law"
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Aremu, Fatai. Donor Action for Empowerment and Accountability in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.015.
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Multiple development actors are interested in stimulating more inclusive fiscal governance. Efforts to generate greater budget transparency, citizen participation in resource allocation, and public oversight of government spending are commonplace. How can development donors and lenders support such efforts, and what are their limitations? How do their attempts to do so interact? Exploring the outcomes of two projects in the Nigerian States of Jigawa and Kaduna provide some answers to these questions. The projects pursue overlapping goals, but with different approaches. The Partnership to Engage, Reform and Learn (PERL) programme funded by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office works in a granular and contextually adapted way in each state to construct joint government and civil initiatives that test and embed citizen engagement and oversight approaches. The World Bank States Financial Transparency Accountability and Sustainability (SFTAS) initiative offers financial incentives to states if they meet a set of common public financial management benchmarks. Their actions have been complementary in several ways, despite significant contextual differences between the states in terms of conflict dynamics and prevailing citizen–state relations. The projects also reinforced each other’s efforts on public procurement reform in Kaduna State. However, in Jigawa State, SFTAS incentives to pass a procurement law following a standard template failed to codify and may indeed reverse gains from longstanding PERL efforts supporting transparency. This illustrates how donors with similar reform objectives in the same contexts can unconsciously undermine existing efforts towards overarching public accountability goals.
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Cary, Dakota. Academics, AI, and APTs. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2020ca010.
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Six Chinese universities have relationships with Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) hacking teams. Their activities range from recruitment to running cyber operations. These partnerships, themselves a case study in military-civil fusion, allow state-sponsored hackers to quickly move research from the lab to the field. This report examines these universities’ relationships with known APTs and analyzes the schools’ AI/ML research that may translate to future operational capabilities.
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Potts, Tavis, and Rebecca Ford. Leading from the front? Increasing Community Participation in a Just Transition to Net Zero in the North-East of Scotland. Scottish Universities Insight Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57064/2164/19722.
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n line with Scottish Net Zero targets and the national strategy for a Just Transition, the Northeast of Scotland is transforming towards a low carbon future with a number of high-profile industry and policy initiatives. With the region home to global energy companies and historical high levels of energy sector employment, the narrative on transition is predominantly framed within an industrial and technological context, including narratives on new opportunities in green jobs, green industrial development, technical innovation and new infrastructure to support energy transition. As the energy landscape shifts in the North-East of Scotland, the impacts will be felt most keenly in communities from shifts in employment to changes to local supply chains. It is important to note that Net Zero ambitions will also change the nature and structure of communities in the region, for those within a shifting oil and gas industry and those without. A just transition ensures that all voices are heard, engaged and included in the process of change, and that communities, including those who have benefited and those who have not, have a stake in determining the direction of travel of a changing society and economy of the North-east. As a result, there is a need for a community-oriented perspective to transition which discusses a range of values and perspectives, the opportunities and resources available for transition and how communities of place can support the process of change toward Net Zero. Social transformation is a key element of a just transition and community engagement, inclusion and participation is embedded in the principles laid down by the Just Transition Commission. Despite this high-level recognition of social justice and inclusion at the heart of transition, there has been little move to understand what a just transition means in the context of local communities in the NorthEast. This project aims to address this imbalance and promote the ability of communities to not only engage but to help steer net zero transitions. It seeks to uncover and build a stronger local consensus about the vision and pathways for civil society to progress a just transition in the Northeast of Scotland. The project aims to do this through bringing together civil society, academic, policy and business stakeholders across three interactive workshops to: 1. Empower NE communities to engage with the Just Transition agenda 2. Identify what are the key issues within a Just Transition and how they can be applied in the Northeast. 3. Directly support communities by providing training and resources to facilitate change by working in partnership. The project funding supported the delivery of three professionally facilitated online workshops that were held over 2021/22 (Figure 1). Workshop 1 explored the global principles within a just transition and how these could apply to the Scottish context. Workshop 2 examined different pathways and options for transition in the context of Northeast Scotland. Workshop 3, in partnership with NESCAN explored operational challenges and best practices with community participants. The outcomes from the three workshops are explored in detail.
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Open configuration options 2021 Partnership Report: Partnerships with a Vision. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004186.
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In 2021, the region continued navigating the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic while also laying the groundwork for recovery. In both of these areas, partnerships were absolutely essential and have helped accelerate efforts by the IDB, IDB Invest, and IDB Lab to reignite growth and get the region's development story back on track. Specifically, throughout the year, partnership efforts were guided by Vision 2025 -- the IDB's blueprint for recovery and economic growth -- with a focus on channeling partner financing, knowledge, and innovation to those sectors and opportunities that are best positioned to unlock development progress. In the pages of this report, read about how the IDB joined forces with governments, companies, investors, philanthropic entities, civil society, and academic institutions in 2021 and worked with these partners to improve lives in Latin America and the Caribbean.