Academic literature on the topic 'Civil-MIlitary Interoperability'

The efficient management of natural and man-made disasters typically represents a major information exchange and coordination challenge, as in most countries a number of organizations are involved in all phases of the disaster management cycle. In this article, the authors introduce the approach of the Austrian national project INKA, which aims at improving civil-military interoperability between the Austrian Armed Forces and the corresponding federal state level institutions through the introduction of IT-supported information exchange without media discontinuities. Apart from providing a comprehensive overview of their interdisciplinary research methodology, the authors present a number of important results which are based on a detailed qualitative assessment of stakeholder requirements. Furthermore, they provide first insights into designing a valuable IT-platform for civil-military interoperability in Austria.

Introduction. Direct and indirect impacts of disasters and emergencies on public health and health care systems, and the use of health outcomes as indicators of the effectiveness of disaster management activities highlight the importance of the role health sector plays in all phases of disaster management cycle. In Malaysia, several gaps have been identified with regards to humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) operations, including lack of coordination between agencies, and most of the agencies focusing on the preparedness and response phases. The purpouse of this narrative review was to obtain a broad appreciation of the extent of the research literature on the role of civil-military coordination during the disaster events in urban settings, particularly in the context of public health response to disasters and emergencies, and a broad understanding of any clear evidence which may have policy implications for KL, Malaysia. Materials and methods. This study is a narrative review of literature on civil-military coordination of public health response to urban disasters in Malaysia. The databases that were individually searched included PubMed, PsychINFO and Pre-CINAHL. Google Scholar was also searched. Results. The results of this study highlighted the importance of developing proactive approaches to public health and disasters as opposed to a general reactive approach. Ultimately, by establishing efficient partnership with the military as one of the key stakeholders, through civil-military coordination, an enhanced response to public health implications of disasters and emergencies can be achieved. Conclusions. Optimizing multi-sectoral approach, interoperability and coordination of civil-military capabilities to address health-related impacts of disasters is especially important in the dense and complex urban setting of Kuala Lumpur (KL) metropolitan area.

The article deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of safety management in civil aviation. Presented the process of approach of Risk Based Oversight (RBO) and application of legal acts and documents necessary for oversight at particular levels (aviation organization, member state, European). One of the main activity of the implementation and effectiveness of the Safety Management System (SMS) management system in air organizations are the effective systems for occurrence reporting and the Just Culture idea. The article also includes an amendment to EU law - Regulation 2018/1139, so-called the new Basic Regulation (NBR - New Basic Regulation), which makes it possible to apply the law to state aviation aircraft carrying out military, customs, police, search and rescue, fire-fighting, border control and coastal protection or other public interest activities in favor of safety, interoperability and efficiency.

The features of military forces in a defense system are expressed through the goals resulted from visions and missions compatible with space and time, when their defense role is expected to be integrative with other civilian actors and contributors in defense tasks. The dependence of army combat capabilities and its organization on the technology level extends to all the factors of efficiency which determine global, overall, and long term defense effectiveness. The questions of modern defense technologies and their level of integration with high developed foreign military forces, represent the most important directions for evaluation of army capabilities in contemporary conditions. The analysis of optimal army combat capabilities, its efficiency and cost-effectiveness, is done through validation issues and technology modernization accompanied by reforms of military organization framed within accepted international obligatory constrains and foreign defense policy orientations. General indicators of similar efficacy functions, valid for all types of military organizations, were discussed through selected and standardized quality criteria. The capacity of weapon/ammunition firepower integrated with maneuverability of military units is taken as the most distinguishing parameter of quality for the modern military systems and the main quality content of the combat capability. This is pointed out as the especially important for the performances selection of the military technical systems. Technological preconditions for evaluation of multipurpose military formations are considered as the new approach in the flexible and effective design of military units, consisting of available, joint, military and civil defense resources, aimed at inter-service operations. The interoperability criteria, as the new considered issue, provide comparative standard for the firepower and combat capabilities of an observed military unit, but also show compatibility with international and domestic concepts of collective defense. With newly proposed concept of organizing the army in the form of modular units it is possible to fulfill multipurpose future role of the army and at the same time meet the concepts of its flexible technological modernization.

Abstract The premise is that in the future civil Air-to-Air Refuelling (AAR) will become an economic necessity if popular mass air travel is to continue. What is attempted is to provide a contemporary view of how such future operations could be safely undertaken. The intention is to predict the certification basis for demonstrating safe AAR operation of Cruiser-Feeder concepts. The necessary systems and aircraft functions are treated very much as they are today when civil certifying a large aeroplane type. The compliance demonstration required for environmental conditions, flight envelope, systems providing the necessary functionality, structural integrity, weight and balance are discussed. Applicable existing civil certification requirements are identified and where necessary expanded in scope to accommodate AAR operation. Where contemporary material does not supply appropriate guidance then corresponding safety criteria are proposed to address the deficiency. Lessons learnt from military AAR include the drive for interoperability. This has resulted in extensive efforts to standardise equipment and systems, which are equally applicable to civil AAR. Extremely useful advisory material exists, ranging from flight testing techniques to related safety. The importance of ensuring the consistency of failure condition categorisation at system and aircraft level is highlighted. The treatment of failures when two aircraft are in close proximity is something not considered by civil functional hazard analysis. The concept of AAR as an additional flight phase is introduced and affected system safety analyses identified. Examples of failure conditions that are not catastrophic at system level, but potentially could be at aircraft level during AAR are provided. Rendezvous scenarios are described to illustrate their influence on the certification basis. Combining such considerations with the factors that influence aircraft design leads to ramifications for handling qualities, performance and fuel system design. A viable and certifiable AAR configuration is consequently proposed. Consideration is given to treating operational certification in a progressive manner similar to existing LROPS (Long Range Operations).

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In the Mediterranean region, drier and hotter summers are leading to more likely and severe wildfires. The authors propose an innovative approach for situational awareness by giving life to maps and exploiting interoperable GIS, hazard models, simulations, and interconnection analysis processes aimed to enhance preparedness and strengthen the resilience of responding organizations. The information related to a virtual city and its countryside has been implemented in the terrain of simulation systems. The TIGER wildfire model software has been adapted to a scenario where districts, refugee camps and critical infrastructures can be impacted by a fire and has been linked to a smoke dispersion model, and associated impacts to the electricity network and roads. The transfer of computed fire propagation and combustion data to the AI-powered SWORD simulation enable more accurate computing of damage and loss. In SWORD, civil protection, military assets and humanitarian actions can be performed for training and operation preparation. The simulation data about fire and assets’ deployments can feed a web app map or a command and control system, thus providing situational awareness for optimal decision-making, and analysis about people in danger, network interconnections and potential service disruption. Disaster managers and commanders can interact with simulated assets performing their chosen courses of action and analyse the outcomes.</p><p>In conclusion, tests in a wildfire case study demonstrated a high level of interoperability among those systems and the possibility to provide updated situational awareness leading to better emergency preparedness and critical infrastructure resilience building, finally contributing to save more lives.</p>

The recruitment and retention of well-qualified military personnel are essential for any armed forces. This is even more true because most armed forces in Europe have shifted from a conscript-based to an all-volunteer format. Based on presentations and discussions during the 14th ERGOMAS Conference in Athens, Greece, June 26-30, 2017, this special publication of Contemporary Military Challenges focuses on the challenges of recruiting and retaining interested young people in the armed forces. In the ERGOMAS Working Group “Recruitment and Retention”, chaired by Tibor Szvircsev Tresch, 20 papers from different researchers were presented. In the five conference sessions on this issue, we had interesting discussions on various related topics. Session 1 dealt with the subject of minorities in the armed forces, and especially how they can be integrated and how they can participate in the system. In the next session, recruitment and retention in the reserve forces stood as the theme of the presentations. Politics and the military: mutual influence and the effect on military personnel was the topic of session 3, and session 4 analysed the motivational factors and reasons for attrition. The last session focused attention on recruitment and retention strategies. From these five sessions we were able to choose five presentations from all of these topics to adapt as journal articles. In the five articles offered in this journal, recruitment and retention are broadly discussed in historical terms and also based on the most recent research results. In military sociology research has generally addressed the recruitment of volunteers into the active force, but the reserve components and the conscription system should also be reviewed in detail. This special issue also analyzes reserve forces and conscription systems with regard to recruitment and retention. In the past not much attention has been paid to the topic of recruitment and retention in Europe. This was also true during the time of the Cold War for the conscript-based armed forces; the recruitment of new personnel was guaranteed by the conscript system. The advantages of this system were that the conscripted young men (in Europe only men were obliged to enter the armed forces; for women this was on a volunteer basis, and in some countries it was even forbidden for women to join the armed forces, or they could join only in auxiliary positions) could be socialized during their military service and also convinced that a professional military position could be a career for them. In other words, through the conscript system the armed forces were able to win new personnel who could imagine staying in the armed forces as long-term employees. One consequence of this was that the armed forces did not have to recruit new personnel on the free job market. The ‘in-house’ recruiting system provided by conscription was in most cases sufficient to catch enough personnel and – very importantly – well-qualified staff. But with the end of the Cold War and new missions, armed forces had to cover new tasks. These new tasks also required, on the one hand, personnel who were able and willing to stay abroad for a longer time, and on the other hand, new skills to cope with the new circumstances in the missions abroad. With the conflicts in the 1990s such as the Gulf War, the Somali Civil War with the United Missions UNOSMO I and II, the Bosnian War and the Kosovo War with the involvement of NATO, Western European armed forces had huge problems sending qualified personnel to these crises. Paradoxically the European armed forces were at that time much bigger in the number of soldiers than they are today, but in almost every country it was forbidden to send conscripted soldiers on missions abroad. Therefore the situation was that after the end of the Cold War these armed forces were not fit for the new tasks. Through the experience gained within these missions, a process of multi-nationalization and professionalization took place in the European armed forces. Multi-nationalization meant that it was more important for many states to join alliances, especially NATO. In a multi-national framework the aspect of greater interoperability between different armed forces was given heed. This led to more professional structures. This structural change is strongly reflected in the number of armed forces that have suspended conscription. In 1990, just four out of 26 European countries had an all-volunteer force, i.e. no conscription system. Today, most European states have switched to an all-volunteer format for their armed forces. This situation has altered the manning system. The flow of newly conscripted recruits disappeared, and personnel had to be found on the free market. At the same time as the armed forces were changing from conscript-based mass armies to leaner all-volunteer forces, civil society was engaged in a process of changing values. Traditional values such as obedience, discipline, and subordination became less significant for young people, and values such as autonomy and self-determination were esteemed much more. Some reasons for this were urbanization, an increasing level of education, and greater differentiation and specialization in the working environment. This led to a discrepancy between civil values that focus on the individual, and military values, which refer to the group dimension. At the moment the consequences of this process can be seen in the difficulty recruiting military personnel in sufficient quantity and quality. Questions related to human resources have become existential for armed forces; not only filling positions in the armed forces, but also adapting them to the new missions in a multicultural environment requires the urgent efforts of human resources development. Attention is now directed towards widening the recruitment pool. Women and young people with a migrant background should complement the traditional recruitment profile of a young, white male. Or in other words, the new recruiting targets must be on an equal footing with the old traditional recruitment basis. With that in mind the European armed forces must alter their recruitment outlook so that they will be attractive to these new target groups. The papers and research presented in this journal may help to broaden the understanding of this new recruitment and retention process. Have a good read!

Abstract.The study of the formation of adaptive competence of future pilots in the training process is relevant given the active integration of Ukrainian aviation into the world community, development of relations and increasing interoperability of Ukrainian military aviation with the NATO Air Forces, in accordance with the Military Doctrine of Ukraine and the Strategic defense bulletin, as well as the urgent need to use the rules of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which cooperate with ICAO, when using the common airspace. Recently, civil and military aviation have been working closely together, and military pilots are increasingly involved in evacuating the population during emergencies abroad, multinational military exercises, etc. Pilots of civil and military aviation of Ukraine should adapt to the requirements of the new environment as soon as possible, and higher education institutions that train pilots should adjust the training process in accordance with the new requirements. The issue of adaptive competence in general and in particular, the adaptive competence of future pilots has not been sufficiently studied yet in the modern scientific literature and therefore needs further consideration. The article aims to define and characterize the basic concepts of formation of adaptive competence of future pilots in the process of their training, which will be followed by scientific substantiation, creation of structural-functional model of formation of adaptive competence of future pilots, and creation and approbation of author's technology at the educational institutions which train pilots. The article considers and investigates the concepts of adaptation and its types; professional adaptation of the pilot; adaptability; competencies and competency; professional competency of the future pilot, its components and criteria of its formation; concepts and features of adaptive competency of future pilots. It also describes and characterizes the features of the future activities of pilots and certain requirements for the training of pilots in civil and military aviation. Key words: adaptation, adaptability, competence, adaptive competence, professional training.

The evolution of the security and defence reforms in Bulgaria and Romania after the cold-war era includes the elaboration of leading strategic and doctrinal acts, a change from conscript to professional national armies, the implementation of the principles of civil–military relations with the establishment of integrated defence ministries and strong democratic oversight, and the achievement of interoperability in the accession process to NATO and EU membership. Bulgaria and Romania have had a similar process of military transformation and geopolitical reorientation from the East to the West in their common transition to a pluralist democracy. A significant requirement in the process of transformation was the establishment and training of specially qualified mobile forces capable of participating in NATO- or EU-led peace missions. Bulgaria and Romania have also actively contributed to the development of regional defence cooperation in south-eastern Europe by launching various multinational initiatives.

The efficient management of natural and man-made disasters typically represents a major information exchange and coordination challenge, as in most countries a number of organizations are involved in all phases of the disaster management cycle. In this article, the authors introduce the approach of the Austrian national project INKA, which aims at improving civil-military interoperability between the Austrian Armed Forces and the corresponding federal state level institutions through the introduction of IT-supported information exchange without media discontinuities. Apart from providing a comprehensive overview of their interdisciplinary research methodology, the authors present a number of important results which are based on a detailed qualitative assessment of stakeholder requirements. Furthermore, they provide first insights into designing a valuable IT-platform for civil-military interoperability in Austria.