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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Civil law – European Union countries – International unification'
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Van, Hedel Johanna Henrïette. "Towards a European ius commune - what lessons can we learn from Quebec's mixed legal system?" Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82673.
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We are witness today, within a context of an increasingly integrated European Union, to the making of a new common legal order which is that of the European Community. This new ius commune Europaeum will have to be based on legal foundations that can be adhered to by all member states. In this perspective, it is indispensable to investigate whether domestic legal systems of the member states are able to adopt legal concepts of other member states without undermining their cohesive natures. Only then will it be possible to build the emerging ius commune on a conceptual legal framework, which is not to be perceived as a Fremdkorper in the participating states. The present thesis analyzes how Quebec's civilian jurisdiction adopted the common law concepts of the trust and unconscionability, in order to answer the question whether, and if so how, European civil law jurisdictions may adopt common legal concepts and yet remain cohesive.
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Madaleno, Jose Miguel Ferreira. "The European Union and the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa : comparative perspectives on their institutional frameworks and legal orders." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2586421.
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Fee, Emma. "'A Europe without dividing lines': the normative framework of the European neighbourhood policy - emergent jus gentium or consolidation of jus civile?" Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83952.
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The primary focus of this work is Article 57 of the Draft European Constitution, concerning the constitutionalisation of a new aspect in EU external relations law, 'the European Neighbourhood Policy'. No comprehensive study of this constitutional article has yet been undertaken in EU legal research. Through the medium of the title of my thesis I wish to examine whether it amounts to an emergent jus gentium for the EU or its antithesis, the consolidation of jus civile. In parallel with the nature of the subject, this study is necessarily a legal-political one. Key points identified are the strategic use of human rights, extraterritoriality of law, foreign direct investment and legal imperialism. A number of recent developments, both judicial and legislative, have provoked this study.
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Sule, Attila. "The European Union in peace operations : limits of policy-making and military implementation." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1061.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe 1992 European Union (EU) Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP, Maastricht Treaty) marked a turning point in the trans-Atlantic relationship. The Balkan conflicts and broader political changes in the 1990s compelled the EU to assume more responsibility in peace operations. The EU's 60,000 strong Rapid Reaction Force (RRF) is planned to be operational in 2003. Will the EU be able to conduct Petersberg-type peace operations? This thesis analyzes policy and military shortfalls of the Balkan peacekeeping effort. Questions about the legitimacy of armed humanitarian interventions, about difficulties in common policy formulation and translation to sound military objectives are the core problems of civil-military relations in European peace operations. The case studies focus on the EU failure to resolve the Bosnian crises between 1992-95, and on the gaps between NATO policies and military objectives in the operations of 'Implementation Force' in Bosnia and 'Allied Force' in Kosovo. The thesis considers developments in EU CFSP institutions and EU-NATO relationship as well as the EU's response to terrorist attacks on September 11 2001. The thesis argues that the difficulty in EU CFSP formulation limits the effective use of RRF in military operations.
Major, Hungarian Army
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DE, ALMEIDA Lucila. "Integration through self-standing European private law : insights from the internal point of view to harmonization in energy market." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46666.
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Defence date: 23 May 2017Examining Board: Prof. Hans-W. Micklitz, European University Institute (EUI Supervisor); Prof. Stefan Grundmann, European University Institute; Prof. Daniela Caruso, Boston University; Prof. Kim Talus, University of Helsinki and University of Eastern Finland
This thesis analyses the impact of the European Integration Project on private law. While the impact of EU law on private law throughout negative integration created European Private Meta-law, and throughout positive integration evolved to European Private law, this thesis claims that EU law has recently moved a step further in regulated markets by creating selfstanding European Private law. Self-standing European Private law is a normative system of rules at supranational level in which its semantically rigid legal norms suggests the intrusion of EU law into the private order of contractual parties with minor divergences within and among national legal systems. This analytical model explains the legal phenomenon of intrusion and substitution, which is different than the phenomenon of divergence, what has so far been the main focus of legal scholars in comparative private law and approaches to Harmonization. To define and identify self-standing European private law, this thesis proposes a systematic understanding of EU law from what H.L.A. Hart conceptualizes as the Internal Point of View. It contextualizes the private law dimension of EU energy law through a discussion of primary and secondary rules and, most importantly, the linguistic framework of analytic philosophy. In so doing, this thesis claims the constitutive element of self-standing European Private law takes shapes when EU law, through governance modes of lawmaking and enforcement at the EU level, creates a set of mandatory rules applied to private relationships, of which the semantic texture of its language leaves minor space for divergent interpretation and implementation by legal official and market actors. To prove the emergence of a self-standing European Private Law, EU energy Law is the blueprint to test the claim. The thesis pursues a socio-legal investigation on how the private law dimension of EU energy law has changed over three decades of market integration and affected two key market transactions in energy markets: transmission service contracts in electricity, and natural gas supply contracts.
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VAN, LEEUWEN Barend. "Paradoxes of convergence : European standardisation of services and its impact on private law." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/35521.
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Defence date: 13 April 2015Examining Board: Professor Hans-W. Micklitz, EUI (Supervisor); Professor Stefan Grundmann, EUI; Professor Catherine Barnard, Trinity College, University of Cambridge; Professor Carla Sieburgh, Radboud Universiteit.
This thesis analyses European standardisation of services and its impact on private law. It tells a story of two paradoxes. First of all, the EU – in particular, the European Commission – would like European standardisation of services to improve the internal market for services. However, it is not actually taking any steps to guarantee that European standardisation of services facilitates free movement of services. With the New Approach for goods, European standardisation of goods has been made a tool for internal-market building. Such a regulatory approach has not been developed for European standardisation of services. As a result, it is difficult for the EU to exercise control over the reasons of stakeholders to start working on European services standards. An analysis of European standardisation in the healthcare and tourism sectors shows that parties start making European services standards for various reasons, which often have little to do with the improvement of the internal market. Therefore, the Commission cannot rely on European standardisation as a regulatory strategy to improve free movement of services. Secondly, because there is no European regulatory framework in which European services standards play a clear role, the parties which make European services standards become responsible for their application in law. They want their standards to play a role in private law – in particular, in contract law and in certification schemes. However, although stakeholders want European services standards to be applied in private law, they do not really care about the requirements which are imposed by private law. European services standards are not adopted in a legal vacuum – they regularly interact and clash with existing legal regulation. There is a real risk that European services standards might contain provisions which breach the free movement and competition law provisions. This will prevent their successful application in private law.
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KAS, Betül. "'Hybrid' collective remedies in the EU social legal order." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46964.
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Defence date: 21 June 2017Examining Board: Prof. Hans-W. Micklitz, EUI (Supervisor) Prof. Marise Cremona, EUI Prof. Laurence Gormley, University of Groningen Prof. Fernanda Nicola, Washington College of Law, American University
The aim of this thesis is to illustrate, on the basis of a socio-legal study presented in three qualitative case studies, the role of hybrid collective remedies in enforcing European socially oriented regulation, in particular environmental law, anti-discrimination law and consumer law, for the creation of a European social legal order, which is able to gradually counter its perceived internal market bias. The hybrid collective remedies at stake in the three case studies – each case study constituted by a preliminary reference to the CJEU – are symptomatic of the three legal-political fields at stake. With the EU taking a leading role in the three fields for the purpose of complementing the creation of an internal market, the EU has decoupled the fields from their national social welfare origin and re-established a policy which is not so much based on ensuring social justice, but more based on procedural mechanisms to ensure access justice. Likewise, the EU left the creation of collective remedies fostering a genuine protective purpose to the Member States. The national and European models of justice underlying the three legal-political fields and their remedies are of a complementary, i.e., of a hybrid nature, and are moving towards the creation of an integrated European social order. The creation of the European social order via national actors using the preliminary reference procedure to implement the three policies at stake goes hand in hand with the creation of a European society.
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AVBELJ, Matej. "Theory of European Bund." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12043.
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Defence date: 30 June 2009Examining Board: Prof. Neil Walker, University of Edinburgh (Supervisor); Prof. Bruno de Witte, European University Institute; Prof. Samantha Besson, University of Fribourg; Prof. Stephen Weatherill, University of Oxford
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis lays down in seven chapters a revised theoretical foundation for European integration - the theory of European Bund. Relying on a social constructivist meta-theoretical methodological approach, it starts off with an observation that European integration, as a social phenomenon, has been socially constructed through the activities of social actors, which have been conducted on the basis of certain narratives - the narratives of European integration. As the process of integration has run into problems this has been, following the social constructivist maxima, due to its deficient narratives. Because of the complex discontinuity of European integration and in particular due to the narratives' intrinsic reliance on the monistic mindset, these have in their battle for domination through institutionalization not only failed to grasp the existing nature of European integration, but have moreover and because of that furnished it with unfeasible, incoherent and hence undesirable normative guidance. The proposed theory of European Bund splits with the monistic mindset. It is based on three founding pillars: legal-institutional, socio-political and philosophical, which constitute its distinct character and set it apart from the other theoretical approaches in the field. As such, the theory of European Bund not only provides a better descriptive and explanatory account of European integration, but it also comes with advantageous normative prescriptions for the integration's long term viability that make the best of it, given its unique, above all legal, but also socio-political pedigree. Last but not least, the theory of European Bund is not a constitutional theory, it shall not be addressed as such, and consequently the nature of European integration ought not to be regarded as constitutional either.
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TUYTSCHAEVER, Filip. "The changing conception of differentiation in European Union law." Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4810.
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Defence date: 20 November 1998Examining board: Prof. Francis Snyder, European University Institute (supervisor) ; Prof. Claus-Dieter Ehlermann, European University Institute (co-supervisor) ; Mr. Ricardo Gosalbo-Bono, Legal Service, Council of European Union
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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GIBBS, Alun Howard. "Thinking constitutionally about the European Union's area of freedom, security and justice." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12026.
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Defence date: 15/06/2009Examining Board: Profs. Hans Lindahl (Tilburg University); Kimmo Nuotio (University of Helsinki); Wojciech Sadurski (EUI); Neil Walker (Supervisor, former EUI and University of Edinburgh)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis sets out to consider the constitutional implications of a policy of legal integration regarding internal security matters in the EU. It argues that constitutional theory is fundamental to addressing the legality and accountability concerns raised about the developing legal practice of the EU’s ‘Area of Freedom, Security and Justice’ (AFSJ). Conducting such a study poses important questions about how to pursue a constitutional approach to legal and political practices which do not resemble in any straight forward way the constitutional tradition of the nation state. This thesis advances the argument that constitutional theory cannot properly be construed as a ‘tool-kit’, a set of rules or principles with universal validity to cause a state of affairs or event then dubbed as legality or accountability. Instead it is argued that constitutional theory must work to reveal the issues of restraint, accountability or legality that are in fact part of an ongoing practice, not a one-off settlement; in which the theorist attempts to disclose or reveal the meaningfulness of what is described as the ‘common experience of the political way of life’. Consequently the first part of the thesis outlines how constitutional theory can establish the features of the ‘common experience of the political way of life’ (also referred to as the ‘constitutive function’) and it explains that meaning is situated in a historical background, which is uncovered by the theorist by providing an interpretation of this background. The thesis therefore advances and defends an interpretive theory of legal scholarship. These methodological parameters provide an appropriate means of making sense of the developments in the EU concerning the AFSJ, which thereafter becomes the focus of the thesis. In particular it concentrates on the importance of developing an understanding of public goods that form the basis as to why it is possible to think in constitutional terms about the AFSJ. The approach taken to public goods is that they manifest the meaningful commitments of a political community and therefore cannot be construed in instrumental terms. The thesis outlines that the constitutional issues facing the AFSJ are often collapsed into matters of instrumentalism that conceals the need to engage with the on-going meaning of the practices as forming part of a common political way of life. It is argued in conclusion that the thesis has provided a more robust way of not only considering the challenges facing the emerging internal security policies of the EU but has also provided an appropriate theoretical approach for the study of such issues in constitutional theory.
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BRAMMER, Silke. "Die Kompetenzen der EG im Bereich Binnenmarkt nach der Einheitlichen Europäischen Akte." Doctoral thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5581.
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WEBER-PANARIELLO, Philippe A. "The integration of matters of justice and home affairs into title VI of the Treaty on European Union : a step towards more democracy?" Doctoral thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5612.
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YOUNG, Lorna. "Building blocs? or 'cathedrals' in the air... : a legal analysis of title VII TEU, including historical overview, with a view to 'operationalising' the provisions." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5617.
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BRIBOSIA, Herve. "Les coopérations renforcées : quel modèle d'intégration différenciée pour l'Union européenne? analyse comparative du mécanisme général de la coopération renforcée, du projet de coopération structurée permanente en matière de défense, et de la pratique d'autres coopérations renforcées "prédéterminées" en matière sociale, au sein de l'Espace de liberté, sécurité et justice, et dans l'Union économique et monétaire." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/8518.
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Defense date: 24/09/2007Examination Board: Professeur Bruno de Witte, (Institut universitaire européen); Directeur de thèse Jean-Victor Louis, Professeur émérite, (Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Philippe de Schoutheete, Directeur des études européennes, (Institut Royal des Relations Internationales - EGMONT); Professeur Jacques Ziller, (Institut universitaire européen)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Cette thèse de doctorat porte d’abord sur le mécanisme général de la coopération renforcée introduit par le traité d’Amsterdam qui n’a encore jamais été utilisé en tant que tel, malgré les améliorations apportées par le traité de Nice. L’étude procède en outre à une comparaison de ce mécanisme avec d’autres « coopérations renforcées » prédéterminées dans les traités et qui ont fonctionné dans la pratique. Celle des Etats membres qui ont adopté l’euro comme monnaie unique fait l’objet d’une attention particulière. Y sont aussi examinées la « coopération renforcée » issue de l’accord social des Onze annexé au traité de Maastricht, véritable ancêtre du mécanisme général, celles évoluant au sein de l’espace de liberté, sécurité, et justice (en particulier la zone Schengen), ainsi que la future ‘coopération structurée permanente’ en matière de défense. La comparaison confirme que toutes ces « coopérations renforcées » sont comparables à bien des égards, qu’elles se ressemblent au moins autant qu’elles ne diffèrent l’une de l’autre. Le cœur de cette ressemblance se situe dans les aménagements constitutionnels de l’Union européenne que leur mode de fonctionnement implique : différenciation (effective ou latente) des rapports de compétences, Conseil agissant en formation « réduite », et champ d’application territorial limité des actes qui en sont issus. Toutes sont également comparables du point de vue de leur mode de formation, des relations entre les participants et les non participants, ou encore de la participation ultérieure de ces derniers aux « coopérations renforcées » en question. C’est sur base de cette comparaison que plusieurs questions peuvent ensuite être abordées. La première consiste à envisager les perspectives de mise en œuvre du mécanisme général de la coopération renforcée. Ces perspectives sont plus prometteuses suite aux innovations apportées par le traité établissant une Constitution pour l’Europe, intégralement reprises par le traité de Lisbonne, sans toutefois réussir à limiter les velléités de coopération intergouvernementale en dehors du cadre de l’Union. Une autre contribution a trait à la typologie des différentes formes d’intégration différenciée au sein de l’Union en général. L’étude se termine par quelques réflexions sur l’apport de la comparaison des coopérations renforcées à la construction d’un modèle d’intégration différenciée des États membres de l’Union au sein de différents cercles d’intégration, ou encore d’une Union européenne à deux niveaux, dont un ferait office d’avant-garde ou de ‘noyau dur’. Cette thématique constitue en quelque sorte une variation sur un autre paradigme de l’évolution constitutionnelle de l’Union, à savoir le principe de subsidiarité : une variation encline à lui donner un nouveau contenu, voire un nouveau souffle, dans une Union toujours plus large et hétérogène.
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HENDRY, Jennifer. "Unitas in diversitate? On legal cultures and the Europeanisation of law." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12045.
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Defense date: 26/06/2009Examining Board: Bruno De Witte (EUI), Christian Joerges (Supervisor, former EUI, University of Bremen), Hans Lindahl (Tilburg University), Hans-W. David Nelken (University of Macerata)
First made available online: 27 July 2021
This thesis argues for a sociologically observable equilibrium between the competing forces of legal unity and legal diversity within the European Union (EU) in order to conceptualise the contested process of the Europeanisation of law as a contingent, reciprocal one that has no endpoint in either uniformity or discontinuity. The main point of departure is the concept of legal culture, which provides for an institutionally-bounded and territorially-delimited jurisdiction with a unique socio-historical context. Member State legal cultures, within the overarching EU legal space, are conceptualised as a segmentary form of legal system-internal differentiation on the basis of territory, whereby communications originating in and pertaining to a particular Member State are conditioned in terms of the legal-cultural context of that Member State. This thesis argues that this "fragmentation" is a force of diversity within the Europeanisation process, which operates against a unifying force, understood here to be a similarly legal-system internal differentiation on the basis of areas of law and their related epistemic communities. This thesis advances the argument that, instead of viewing the existence of legal diversity within the EU as being essentially problematic for the process of Europeanisation of law, legal diversity should be reconceptualised as a productive counterweight to any purported legal unity in the EU and re-entered into the process in order to maintain its openness. While the concept of legal unity provides the framework for the operation of the Europeanisation process, that of legal diversity within that framework provides the means by which the process remains open-ended and fully contingent. Legal unity, in turn, is positioned as a counterbalance to legal diversity in that it places restraints upon the diversifying forces of both nationalism and fragmentation within the EU, thus maintaining the overarching framework within which the process of Europeanisation can occur. Legal "unity in diversity", conceptualised both as a precondition of the process of the Europeanisation of law and as a default aim, sits in stark contrast to the two main theoretical approaches to the Europeanisation of law, namely deracinated formalism and autochthonous culturalism. This thesis proposes a middle way that avoids the pitfalls of these two extreme schools of thought by operationalising the conundrum of unitas in diversitate in a way that both maintains the critical openness of the ongoing Europeanisation of law process, and facilitates a form of organically-evolving social validity for this process and the resultant legal structure of the EU.
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ASSIMACOPOULOU, Elli. "L'harmonisation de la fiscalite de l'epargne das les pays de la Communaute." Doctoral thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4548.
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ENGSTRÖM, Johanna Eva Maria. "The Europeanisation of remedies and procedures through judge-made law : can a Trojan horse achieve effectiveness? : experiences of the Swedish judiciary." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/12704.
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Author was awarded the European Public Law Group's special distinction 2010 for her PhD thesis.Defence date: 28 September 2009
Examining Board: Profs. Ulf Bernitz (External Co-Supervisor, University of Stockholm); Gráinne de Burca (Supervisor, former EUI and Fordham University); Bruno De Witte (EUI); Walter van Gerven (University of Leuven)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Through the judge-made requirements developed in its case-law, the Court of Justice has laid down obligations on national courts to provide effective judicial protection for individuals that seek to enforce Community law claims. This thesis will study the Europeanisation of national remedies and procedures that comes about in this process. I will carry out the analysis in two stages. In the first stage, I will look from a European perspective at the principle of effective judicial protection, which I will view as a Trojan horse containing the judge-made requirements, and establish what is understood by effective judicial protection. I will seek to identify more precise obligations incumbent on national courts in relation to different remedies and procedural rules. Moreover, I will seek to establish the rationale of the Court's intervention into national procedural autonomy. In particular, I will consider if the rationale is a concern to protect individual rights or whether the language of 'rights' is rather used as a legitimizing pretext for enhancing the general effectiveness of Community law and for harmonising remedies and procedures. In a second stage, the thesis will empirically study the Europeanisation of remedies and procedures at the domestic level, by looking at the Swedish judiciary's reaction to those judge-made requirements. It is only by looking at what happens when the Trojan horse unfolds in the national legal system that one can understand its role and whether the principle, in practice, achieves the intended rationales, or whether its complexity in fact hampers effective judicial protection. It will emerge that, in the Swedish context, there is a gap between European theory and national practice. In this respect, the study will highlight the role of the national legal and judicial culture in ensuring the effectiveness of Community law. Conclusions will be drawn from the empirical study on whether the Trojan horse really does serve as a functional and effective tool to achieve Europeanisation of remedies and procedures and the Court's intended rationales. I will call for clarifications, coherence and better 'judicial governance' of this complicated area of law.