Dissertations / Theses: 'Civil disputes'

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Solti, Pedro Brandão. "Foreign support, internal political disputes and mass killings." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16586.

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This paper studies the incentives underlying the relations between foreign countries and rival domestic groups. It models the interaction in a infinitely-repeated game between these three players. The domestic groups bargain for a split of the domestic surplus and may engage in violent dispute for power and in unilateral mass killing processes. The foreign country may choose to support one of these groups in exchange for monetary transfers. The paper characterizes the parametric set in which strategies leading to no violent disputes nor mass killings are Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibra in the presence of foreign support, but not in its absence.

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Povey, Althea Lynne. "An investigation into the mediation of disputes in the South African construction industry." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8779.

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Bibliography: leaves 112-118.
The construction industry is a unique and complex industry in which numerous different participants depend directly on each other in order to fulﬁl their separate functions and obligations. Recent years have seen an increase in conﬂicts and disputes within the industry, such that conﬂict and dispute are now considered endemic to an adversarial industry. This increase in conﬂict and dispute, together with the dissatisfaction with the traditional methods of resolving disputes, namely litigation and arbitration, have led to an increase in the growth of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes within the industry. The dispute resolution process most frequently referred to in literature on ADR is mediation. The process of mediation, while being ﬂexible and informal, is underpinned by deﬁnite principles and objectives. In principle, mediation is a voluntary, non-binding and conﬁdential process involving a neutral third party who assists the disputing parties in reaching a settlement. There are different approaches to mediation, each determined by the degree of intervention into the dispute by the third party. However, no matter the approach taken by the mediator, the main objective of mediation remains for the mediator to assist the parties in reaching an outcome on which they can mutually agree. Mediation has been used in the South African construction industry for settling disputes for the past couple of decades. However, no certainty exists as to the nature of the actual practice of mediation. This research, therefore, seeks to determine whether the practice of mediation in the South African construction industry is consistent with the principles of the mediation process. The hypothesis that is tested by the research is that the practice of mediation in the South African construction industry is not consistent with the generally accepted principles of the mediation process. In order to test such a broad and complex hypothesis, three sub-hypotheses were developed. The ﬁrst being, that, construction industry mediators do not assist the disputing parties in determining their own settlement. The second, that the main stages that characterise the mediation procedure are the collection of information on the dispute by the mediator and the formulation of a solution by the mediator. The third, that the knowledge and utilization of speciﬁc mediation process skills and techniques are limited amongst construction industry mediators. Primary data were collected by way of 63 questionnaires received from the 206 posted to mediators recognised nationally by the South African Institution of Civil Engineers and the South African Association of Consulting Engineers, as well from mediators listed by the Western Cape Branch of the Association of Arbitrators of Southern Africa. The questionnaire responses were analysed using basic descriptive statistics, and these results were used to assist with the interpretation of the responses. The research reports on the occurrence of the practice wherein parties to mediation undertake, prior to the commencement of the mediation, to be bound by the mediator's decision, and concludes that this practice cannot constitute mediation. The research reveals mediation in the construction industry to be a mediator-owned process rather than a party-owned process, and concludes that this tendency is promoted by the terms of certain contract documents and published guidelines. It was also found that the mediators perceive their role as being to resolve the dispute using their own technical knowledge and expertise, rather than using speciﬁc mediation skills and techniques. Finally, it was concluded that the practice of mediation in the South African construction industry is not consistent with the generally accepted principles of the mediation process, as, the mediators do not generally assist the parties with determining their own settlement, instead the mediation activities centre mainly on the collection of information on the dispute by the mediator and the formulation of a solution by the mediator. The research showed that the mediators' knowledge and utilization of speciﬁc mediation process skills and techniques were limited.

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Lebowitz, David E. Biswas Bidisha. "Can this wait? Civil conflict negotiation and the content of ethnic identity /." Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm-theses/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=328&CISOBOX=1&REC=17.

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Nathan, K. V. S. K. "Submission to ICSID in breach of the convention : disputes in international civil engineering contracts." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1994. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1607.

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The World Bank produces sample bidding documents for use by its member countries to prepare tender forms and contract conditions for Bankfinanced civil engineering construction contracts. The contract conditions provide for arbitration of disputes and parties to a contract may choose to submit to the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) which was established by members of the World Bank for the settlement of investment disputes between states and nationals of other states. The objectives of the Thesis are to (i) examine the legality of generally submitting disputes in international civil engineering contracts to ICSID arbitration, (ii) provide an analysis of ICSID as an international arbitral institution and (iii) discuss the legal aspects of submission of disputes to ICSID arbitration in breach of the Convention that established ICSID. Chapters One, Two and Three are devoted to describing the importance of civil engineering works to economic growth and arbitration as a method of resolution of disputes. An analysis is made of the fundamentals and complexity of the arbitral process and the interfacing between legal systems, national laws and international law in international arbitrations. Chapter Four traces the genesis of ICSID and Chapter Five examines critically the salient features of ICSID arbitration, which according to the Thesis are not all exclusive to ICSID arbitration. Chapters Six and Seven analyse in depth ICSID jurisdiction ratione personae and ratione materiae. Chapter Eight argues that disputes in freestanding international civil engineering contracts are not investment disputes and that submission to ICSID is in breach of the Convention. Chapters Nine and Ten discuss the legitimate role of ICSID in developing rules of international economic law and conclude by recommending that ICSID should not detract from that role by becoming just another arbitral institution in. the business of arbitration.

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Liang, Linxia. "Civil procedure in the Qing Magistrate's Court : illustrated with reference to land and debt disputes (1644-1911)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU150492.

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This study, drawing mainly on the Qing law and Baodi case records during nineteenth century, supplemented by reference to collections of magistrate's decisions and handbooks, aims to describe the civil procedure of the last dynasty of imperial China, the Qing in terms of the performance of the magistrate's court in solving land and debt cases. It argues that the establishment of the relevant laws on both procedural and substantive issues was systemized in the Qing logic in the sense that magistrates were enabled to solve land and debt disputes and petitioners were enabled to seek help from legal institutions. In some aspects, the law was either drafted too widely, such as in the case of physical injury, or too ideally, such as in the case of false accusation. As a result allegations of physical injury and untrue accusation were very often found in land and debt cases. As for solving land and debt cases, the magistrate in the first place followed the letter of the law when there was an applicable statutory provision. However, the magistrates' purpose in hearing a case was to distinguish right and wrong. (fenbian quzhi) and deliver justice (pingyun) to the parties; so the facts (qing) and the law (fa) were both completely considered (qing fa liang jin). When there was a gulf between the law and the case, which was sometimes unavoidable, the real meaning or principle of the law was applied. In this sense, the magistrate enjoyed a large discretion by taking into account the specific circumstances before making a decision (zhun qing zhuo li). Zhun qing zhuo li expresses a principle governing the application of the law. It is not a flexible tool allowing the magistrate to decide as he wished. In most circumstances the letter of the law was not lacking. Decisions turning on zhun qing zhuo li were very rare. In any event several limitations were established on the magistrates' discretion.

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Nedrebo, Oystein. "Transnational dimensions of civil conflict severity." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2123.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In an otherwise broad literature on civil conflict little attention has so far been paid to actual conflict violence and variation in severity. Existing work is also hampered by a reliance on a ‘closed polity’ model of the state, leading to disregard of the transnational dimensions of internal conflict, and by a dependence on over‐aggregated data. The present inquiry expands on the existing explanatory framework for variation in civil conflict severity by including transnational factors and characteristics of sub‐national actors. Data on conflict battle deaths are combined with recently available data on transnational ethnic linkages, transnational support and neighbouring conflict as well as other actor and country characteristics. Results from ordinary least squares regression analysis indicate that support for rebel groups from external non‐state actors increase conflict severity, while rebel presence in other states is associated with less severe conflicts. In addition, severity increases with duration but with a diminishing marginal return. Internal armed conflicts are less severe in democratic and ethnically polarised countries but rebel territorial control increases the level of violence.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die andersins omvangryke literatuur oor burgerlike konflik is daar tot op hede min aandag geskenk aan werklike konflikgeweld en variasie in felheid (vernietigende omvang). Bestaande werk word ook belemmer omdat dit staat maak op ’n model van die staat as ‘geslote regering’, wat lei tot verontagsaming van die transnasionale dimensies van interne konflik, en staat maak op oor‐geaggregeerde data. Hierdie ondersoek brei uit op die bestaande verklarende raamwerk vir variasie in felheid van burgerlike konflik deur transnasionale faktore en eienskappe van subnasionale deelnemers in te sluit. Data oor konflikgevegsterftes is gekombineer met onlangse data oor transnasionale etniese koppelings, transnasionale steun en naburige konflik, sowel as ander deelnemer‐ en landeienskappe. Resultate van gewone kleinstekwadrate‐regressie‐analise dui daarop dat steun aan rebellegroepe deur eksterne nie‐staatsdeelnemers konflikfelheid laat toeneem, terwyl rebelleteenwoordigheid in ander lande geassosieer word met minder fel konflikte. Felheid neem ook toe saam met duur maar met ’n afnemende marginale opbrengs. Interne gewapende konflikte is minder fel in demokratiese en etnies gepolariseerde lande, maar rebellebeheer oor grondgebied verhoog die vlak van geweld.

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Lau, Michael. "Construction problems of large diameter bored piles in karstic marble and disputes on unforeseen ground conditions /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36616552.

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Choi, Seung-Whan. "Civil-military dynamics, democracy, and international conflict, 1889-1992 : a look beyond the triangular peace /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074387.

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Gatta, Andrea. "Towards the Harmonisation of Civil Procedure: Translation in Italian Civil Court Proceedings and the Role of Multilingual Document Templates." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17167/.

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Over the past few decades, globalisation, international trade, cross-border investments, travel, and economic and personal relationships between citizens of different countries have had a profound impact on law. An increase in international relationships is inevitably followed by a growth in international and cross-border litigation. Therefore, several initiatives have been launched with the aim of unifying, harmonising, and internationalising civil procedure. Today, the international harmonisation of civil procedure is mainly achieved through soft law instruments, such as the numerous Hague Conventions dedicated to this legal field and the ALI/UNIDROIT Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure. Moreover, in the European Union, harmonisation of civil procedure has reached even more advanced levels across member states. Any party who becomes involved in an international or cross-border dispute naturally needs to understand what is happening around them. Hence, translation is attributed a major role in international civil procedure. This paper will look at translation in civil proceedings, with particular regard to international and transnational disputes which fall under the Italian jurisdiction¬. Its purpose is twofold: 1) the first aim is to propose a potential resource which could facilitate translation in Italian civil proceedings, i.e. multilingual civil court document templates; 2) the second aim is to raise awareness on the importance of translation in international and cross-border disputes and highlight the peculiarities which characterise this particular type of translation and differentiate it from other areas of both general and legal translation. Chapter 1 offers an overview of Italian civil proceedings. Chapter 2 is dedicated to legal translation. Chapter 3 focuses on Italian civil court documents and the use of templates in Italian proceedings. Finally, Chapter 4 presents the German and English translations of six Italian sample templates.

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Aktug, Fatma Pelin. "Comparison Of Fidic Conditions Of Contract (1999) And Uncitral Legal Guide From Prospective Disputes And Claims Perspective." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614297/index.pdf.

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Lau, Michael, and 劉振釗. "Construction problems of large diameter bored piles in karstic marble and disputes on unforeseen ground conditions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014309.

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Свистельник, М. О. "Сутність та переваги медіації як захисту цивільних прав." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34135.

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Загальний контекст потужних державно-правових реформ в Україні зумовлює необхідність пошуку інноваційних підходів до розв’язання різноманітних питань, які є однаково значущими як для публічного, так і для приватного сектору життєдіяльності суспільства. Одним із таких питань є ефективне регулювання вирішення спорів і конфліктів у різних сферах суспільного життя. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34135

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Jeremic, Zorica. "Dispute resolution in international civil aviation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29829.pdf.

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Jeremic, Zorica. "Dispute resolution in international civil aviation." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27454.

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The aviation industry, by its very existence, has a tremendous impact on the global economy. As an integration of economic interests and international prestige, aviation triggers a large number of disputes and disagreements. This dissertation examines the regulatory aspects of international air transport disputes.
Chapter one acknowledges the existence and nature of international aviation disputes in its scope and, more importantly, recognizes some of the many causes of conflicts arising from such disputes.
The second chapter reviews chronologically dispute resolution attempts and analyses their effectiveness. Further, it examines the international bodies, governing treaties, and the available machinery for the resolution of aviation disputes.
The third chapter distinguishes the most influential multilateral and bilateral treaties in the field of aeronautics and presents the solutions for settlement of disputes promoted by ICAO.
Chapter four includes the variety of procedures found in international agreements on aviation and the examination of political, legal and economic means as the mechanisms for the settlement of disputes.
Chapter five establishes the recent proposals for the improvement of the current procedures governing the settlement of aviation disputes. Hence, it includes an analysis of the legislative measures of the European Union, the regulations of the World Trade Organization and the norms of North American Free Trade Agreement; all in view of their competence in resolving air transport conflicts.
The conclusion is a summary of the structure and the function of the existing aeronautical dispute settlement system and its future developments.

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Rubino, F. Joseph (Francis Joseph). "Dispute resolution in construction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44670.

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Gillberg, Elin. "Vem äger fastigheten? : Tvister om hävning, återgång och bättre rätt." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-24382.

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Varje år hamnar ett antal fastighetstvister om hävning, återgång och bättre rätt i tingsrätterna. Dessa tvister antecknas i fastighetsregistret, men utan någon information om vad tvisterna handlar om. Frågeställningen i detta examensarbete är: Vad är orsakerna bakom tvister om hävning, återgång och bättre rätt som hamnar i tingsrätterna? Syftet är att undersöka om det finns något mönster, eller några återkommande skäl till tvist och om det går att göra något för att minska antalet tvister. Ett fastighetsköp kan hävas av flera olika anledningar, till exempel om fastigheten är behäftad med allvarliga fel. Återgång kan ske när en överlåtelse av någon anledning är ogiltig. En talan om bättre rätt kan väckas av någon som anser sig ha bättre rätttill en fastighet än den som besitter den. Metoden bestod i att granska ett antal tingsrättsärenden utifrån de fastigheter som fått en anteckning om tvist i fastighetsregistret under 2015. Tvisterna delades in i huvudgrupperna hävning, återgång och bättre rätt och därefter i undergrupper utifrån skälen bakom tvisterna. Totalt studerades 46 tvister. Av dessa tvister handlade endast en om hävning, 17 tvister handlade om återgångoch 28 handlade om bättre rätt. Gränsen mellan återgång och bättre rätt visade sig dock inte vara knivskarp. Följande undergrupper skapades: Hävning: Endast en tvist, inga undergrupper. Återgång: Återvinning, ogiltiga gåvor, förfalskningar. Bättre rätt: Dold samäganderätt, avstyckningar, förfalskningar, dubbelöverlåtelser, ogiltiga köp, ogiltiga gåvor, enskild egendom, oklara köp. Totalt var de vanligaste orsakerna återvinning efter konkurs (10 st.), ogiltiga gåvor (7 st.), förfalskningar (7 st.), dold samäganderätt (6 st.) och avstyckningar (5 st.). De flesta tvisterna var mellan personer som kände varandra sedan tidigare, många var inom familjen. För att minska antalet tvister diskuteras främst elektroniska fastighetsöverlåtelser.
Every year a number of real property disputes about cancellation, return and superior title end up in the district courts. These disputes are notedin the Real Property Register, but without any information on what they are about. The research question in this theses is: What are the reasons behind disputes about cancellation,return and superior titlethat endup in the district courts? The purpose is to investigate if there are any patterns or recurrent reasons for disputes and if there is anything that can be done to reduce the number of disputes. A real property transfer can be cancelled for multiple reasons, for example if the property contains serious faults. A return can happen if a transfer for some reasonis invalid. A claim for superior title can be raised by someone that considers himself better entitled to the property than the one who possess it. The method was to examine a number of district court cases based on the real properties that had gotten a dispute notein the Real Property Register in 2015. The disputes were divided into the main groups cancellation, return and superior title and then into sub groups based on the reasons behind the disputes. In total 46 disputes were investigated. Out of these disputes there was only one about cancellation, 17 were about returnand 28 were about superior title. The line between return and superior title did prove not to be so sharpe though. The following sub groups were created: Cancellation: Only one dispute, no sub groups. Return: Recovering, invalid gifts, forgery. Superior title: Hidden co-ownership, subdivisions, forgery, double transfers, invalid purchases, invalid gifts, individual property, unclear purchases. In total the most common reasons were recovering after bankruptcy (10), invalid gifts (7), forgery (7), hidden co-ownership (6) and subdivisions (5). Most of the disputes were between people that already knew each other, many were within family. To reduce the number of disputes mainly electronic real property transfers is discussed

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Freitas, Eduardo Antonio Pereira de. "A Guerra Civil de 1851 na Nova Granada: disputas e representações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-29062018-102422/.

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O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar como o Partido Conservador, o Partido Liberal e os artesãos, mobilizados pelos liberais, interpretaram e justificaram sua participação na Guerra Civil de 1851 na Nova Granada. O capítulo1sintetiza o desenvolvimento político do país, desde o fim do período colonial até o momento em que se desenvolve o conflito armado. O capítulo 2 debruça-se sobre a conjuntura granadina de meados do século XIX e apresenta a Guerra Civil de 1851, analisando a produção historiográfica a respeito do tema. Os três capítulos seguintes, que formam a segunda parte da dissertação, discutem as representações que as distintas forças políticas faziam de si mesmas, de seus adversários e da sociedade que os circundava. Um epílogo conclui a dissertação, dando particular destaque ao indulto concedido aos insurgentes conservadores após o desfecho da Guerra.
The goal of this dissertation is to analyze how the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party and the craftsmen, mobilized by the Liberals, have interpreted and justified their involvement in the Civil War of 1851 in New Granada. Chapter 1 summarizes the political development of the country, starting at the end of the colonial period until the moment when the armed conflict developed. Chapter 2 deals with the grenadine context during the mid-19th century and presents the Civil War of 1851, analyzing the historical production on the subject. The following three chapters, that form the second part of the dissertation, discuss the representations that different political forces made of themselves, their opponents and the surrounding society. An epilogue concludes the essay with particular prominence to the pardon granted to conservative insurgents, after the outcome of the war.

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Chan, Yuen Wah. "Alternative dispute resolution in Hong Kong Government civil engineering works contracts." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22445882a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2007.
"Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution, LW 6409A dissertation." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 1, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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McCone, D. Sean. "Dispute resolution strategies for construction projects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8309.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.
Page 168 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-167).
One of the most important, but often overlooked steps in developing a project is a plan to prevent and handle conflict, a Conflict Management Plan. Leading construction experts have identified Productivity, Innovation, Cost Control, Safety, and Litigation Expenses as critical areas in need of improvement in the construction industry of this next century. In the United States alone, $60 billion are spent every year on lawsuits, of which the construction industry accounts for nearly $5 billion. Various dispute avoidance and resolutions techniques are presented that aim to prevent disputes before they arise and minimize the impacts if they do. These techniques are the tools then used in the Conflict Management Plan. A Conflict Mitigation Plan looks at each project individually to establish a set of criteria for controlling conflicts. It assesses how much conflict you will encounter, how severe each conflict might be, then presents cost effective ways to avoid conflict and curb these disputes. Similar to the contract documents it should be complete, unbiased, understood, and accepted by all the parties involved. All of the project participants such as the owners, the owner's representatives, designers, lawyers, and contractors are responsible for designing, reviewing and revising it accordingly. No one person or field should be responsible for developing this plan. Designing a conflict mitigation plan compels the owner to contemplate the conflict that might arise. This will allow the owner to allocate these risks and develop a plan to handle discrepancies. By doing this upfront and with each subsequent review, everyone involved has agreed to follow this plan, reducing the push for lengthy, costly court proceedings. To implement a Conflict Management Plan one must assess the project situation by identifying the sources of conflict that might occur, then analyze the severity and impact each of these conflicts might have. Match the conflict with a corresponding DART, to reduce or avoid the conflict. Draft the plan. Review and revise it as needed.
by D. Sean McCone.
S.M.

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Bucker, Maurício Brun. "Gerenciamento de conflitos, prevenção e solução de disputas em empreendimentos de construção civil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-20082010-161521/.

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A indústria da construção é responsável por grande parcela da economia em todas as nações, quase sempre excedendo 10% do PIB - Produto Interno Bruto e sendo, inúmeras vezes, o setor responsável pelo maior número de empregos. Nas últimas décadas a globalização, com as suas exigências de adequação do Brasil aos padrões de competição internacionais em todas as áreas, as exigências de consumidores mais atentos, com mais liberdades e mais direitos (Código do Consumidor), a velocidade das mudanças sociais e culturais, tudo isto catalisado pela tecnologia da informação têm provocado um grande número, que não para de crescer, de disputas na construção civil. A insatisfação com os métodos tradicionais de solução dos conflitos na indústria da construção civil fez com que grande variedade de alternativas fosse e continuasse a ser explorada. A investigação das técnicas e procedimentos usados para gerenciar os conflitos, prevenir e solucionar as disputas, deles originados, nos empreendimentos de construção civil é necessária para a definição e criação de mecanismos que contribuam para seu eficaz gerenciamento, evitando a perda de tempo e dinheiro com intermináveis discussões e litígios nos tribunais. A existência de conflitos nos empreendimentos da construção é um fato e decorre diretamente da natureza das suas atividades: a singularidade de cada empreendimento, cada um deles constitui uma experiência sempre primeira e única, o tamanho e duração das obras, a complexidade dos documentos contratuais, as mudanças das condições, a limitação dos recursos, problemas financeiros, projetos inadequados, questões trabalhistas, despreparo dos gestores nestes temas. A revisão bibliográfica dos mecanismos existentes em outros países e no Brasil, comparando-os, serve de embasamento para outras pesquisas, seja na proposição de um sistema de gestão para estes conflitos e de solução para as disputas, adequado às características do Brasil, ou, ainda, na condução de um estudo de caso onde as técnicas poderão ser utilizadas e sua eficiência comprovada, ou ainda uma pesquisa para determinar as perdas provocadas por estas disputas.
The construction industry is responsible for great portion of the economy in all countries, almost always exceeding 10% of the GDP - gross domestic product and being countless times the largest employer. In the last decades the globalization, demanding Brazil adaptation to the international patterns of competition in all areas, the more attentive consumer\'s demand with more freedoms and more rights (Consumer\'s Code), and the speed of social and cultural changes, all of those, catalyzed by the information technology, have been provoking a great and growing number of disputes in the building site. The dissatisfaction with traditional methods of conflict resolution in the construction industry led to the use of a wide range of different alternatives, and new ones continue to be explored. The investigation of these new and alternative techniques and procedures used to manage conflicts, to prevent and resolve disputes in the civil construction projects is necessary for the definition and creation of mechanisms to contribute to the effective project management, avoiding waste of time and money with endless discussions and litigations in the tribunals. Because of the characteristic of their activities: the singularity of each project, each one of them is a first and only experience, the size and duration of the works, the contractual documents complexity, the variations, the resources limitation, financial problems, inadequate projects and labor subjects, the existence of conflicts in construction projects is a fact. Bibliographical revision and comparison of the techniques adopted in Brazil and other countries serves as basis for other researches, such as the proposition of a conflict management plan appropriated to Brazilian industry characteristics, or as a case study in which techniques can be used and its efficiency proven or, still as a research to determine the losses caused by these disputes.

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Berthier, Catherine. "L'assureur en responsabilité civile médicale, acteur de la déjudiciarisation des litiges." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3002.

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La déjudiciarisation des litiges est un sujet actuel et fondamental pour les pouvoirs publics au regard de l’engorgement des juridictions françaises. Il s’agit d’une préoccupation que partage l’assureur en responsabilité civile médicale pour lequel faciliter le règlement amiable des conflits signifie diminuer ses coûts de gestion internes, avoir une meilleure maîtrise des sommes allouées au titre la réparation des dommages résultant de soins et valoriser son image d’expert de l’indemnisation auprès de ses assurés. Aujourd’hui, le monde de l’assurance du risque médical s’engage publiquement en faveur de la recherche d’une solution négociée des litiges. Il présente cette dernière comme étant un mode opératoire bénéficiant à toute la société et particulièrement aux patients (ou à leurs ayants-droit), lesquels peuvent obtenir une indemnisation plus rapidement que devant les juridictions et en limitant leurs frais. Pour mettre en œuvre cette démarche, l’assureur se dote de processus internes afin d’optimiser les chances de succès des réclamations présentées dans un cadre amiable. Il s’appuie également sur l’action des pouvoirs publics, lesquels ont, notamment, créé les commissions (régionales) de conciliation et d’indemnisation des accidents médicaux, affections iatrogènes et infections nosocomiales, qui permettent de faciliter les solutions négociées aux litiges. Pour autant, force est de constater qu’il existe des limites à cette entreprise. En effet, outre le fait que la victime demeure la principale décisionnaire du choix du mode opératoire de l’examen de sa demande, d’autres acteurs directs et indirects voire le professionnel de l’assurance du risque médical lui-même, peuvent être à l’origine de la judiciarisation du différend. En tout état de cause, le recours aux juges ne doit pas être entendu uniquement comme un échec de la solution négociée dans la mesure où la jurisprudence peut se révéler être un atout pour faciliter la déjudiciarisation des litiges ultérieurs
Solving disputes outside of the judicial system is a contemporary and a fundamental challenge for public authorities given the current congested workload of Courts. Medical liability insurers obviously share that concern. Indeed, facilitating amicable settlements is a way to decrease internal administration costs, to have better control over the damages awarded, and to enhance their image as Experts in their field. Nowadays, medical risk insurance companies are publicly committed to negotiated solutions. According to them, the out of Court approach can benefit the entire society and particularly the patients (or their beneficiaries), who can reach compensation more quickly than they would in front of a court, while limiting their fees. In order to implement this procedure, the insurance companies provide themselves with new internal processes, to optimize the chances of finding amicable settlements for the claims they receive. The success of this strategy also relies on the action of public authorities, whose decision to create the C(R)CI (Commissions of conciliation and compensation for medical accidents, iatrogenic disorders and nosocomial infections), has eased access to negotiated solutions.Nevertheless, this approach cannot always lead to a successfull outcome. As a matter of fact, the victims remain the last to decide on the way they want the litigation to be settled. Some other direct or indirect actors, or even the medical liability insurer itself, can bring the action before the Court. Either way, recourse to a Judge does not have to be only seen as a failure, since it allows jurisdictions to give orientations that will help parties position themselves in the event of further cases

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22

Lundstedt, Lydia. "Territoriality in Intellectual Property Law : A comparative study of the interpretation and operation of the territoriality principle in the resolution of transborder intellectual property infringement disputes with respect to international civil jurisdiction, applicable law and the territorial scope of application of substantive intellectual property law in the European Union and United States." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-133470.

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The principle of territoriality is a truism in intellectual property (IP) law. A premise underlying the principle is the right of each state to determine the extent to which IP rights exist and are protected within its own territory to fulfil its own economic, social and cultural policy goals. This is done by giving a right to prevent others from doing within the protected territory any of the acts that are exclusively reserved to the right holder under the IP statute that granted or protects the IP right. The principle of territoriality informs that IP rights granted or protected by a state are independent from those granted or protected by other states, and that the rights conferred under each state’s IP law are limited to the territory of that state. As the principle of territoriality neatly allocated jurisdiction among states on a territorial basis, it purportedly obviated the need for private international law. Each state exercised jurisdiction over the infringement of its own rights and applied its own domestic IP law, which served the interests of the states and of the parties. With the increase in the protection and exploitation of IP rights across national borders, infringements do not remain within hermetically sealed national territories. Acts taken in one state can have effects in other states and impair the policies that the rights were designed to fulfil. This raises questions concerning the territorial scope of application of the domestic IP law, that is, whether it is interpreted with respect to a domestic tangible act, effects on a domestic policy goal or both. In addition, the transborder exploitation of IP rights raises questions of private international law with respect to whether states exercise jurisdiction and apply national law to disputes concerning infringements of their domestic rights or whether states exercise jurisdiction and apply national law to disputes arising from acts committed in their territories (or both). These determinations may depend on different factors such as the different interests taken into consideration (e.g. state or party interests), the different legal traditions upon which the legal systems are based and the characteristics and functions of the IP rights themselves. This dissertation compares the interpretation and operation of the principle of territoriality of IP law in the private law resolution of transborder IP infringement disputes in the legal systems of the European Union and the United States, two distinctly different legal systems that have significant trade and investment relations with each other. The comparison shows that while the systems are functionally similar, the principle of territoriality is interpreted and operates somewhat differently in the two legal systems.

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23

Kennedy, James F. (James Francis). "Computer supported negotiation and dispute resolution in the large scale civil engineering and construction domain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10739.

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24

Casma, Angulo Julio César. "La Institución de la conciliación y su incidencia en la solución de conflictos que son competencia del Ministerio Público : una propuesta de cambio." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1485.

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Con el objetivo de aanalizar el nivel de eficacia que presenta la implementación de la conciliación en la solución de conflictos que son competencia de las Fiscalías Provinciales Penales, Civiles y de Familia del Distrito Judicial de Ica, como órganos integrantes del Ministerio Público, en el periodo 2006 – 2008, se realizó una investigación Aplicada, de nivel Explicativo, a través de un Diseño No Experimental y Analítico. A partir de un diseño muestral aleatorio se seleccionó una muestra de los expedientes que ingresaron entre los años 2006 a 2008 a las Fiscalías Provinciales Civiles y de Familia y Fiscalías Provinciales Penales y Mixtas del Distrito Judicial de Ica en los que se aplicó alguna de las formas de conciliación previstas por la legislación peruana. En los ciento ochenta y nueve expedientes seleccionados al azar se analizaron los contenidos de las Actas de Conciliación a través de la técnica del análisis documental. Asimismo se entrevistó a treinta y dos Fiscales Civiles y de Familia y Penales de este Distrito Judicial y se aplicó la observación estructurada a dieciséis actos de conciliación desarrollados en este Distrito Judicial. El análisis de la información obtenida evidenció que durante los años 2006 al 2008 la aplicación de la Conciliación las Fiscalías Penales, Mixtas, Civiles y de Familia del Distrito Judicial de Ica ha mostrado un leve incremento, constituyendo una práctica que permite dar solución aproximadamente al 15 % de los expedientes relacionados con materias conciliables. Sin embargo, no se observa una contribución significativa a la resolución de conflictos en este Distrito Judicial, particularmente por las limitaciones que presentan tanto la facultad legal conciliadora del Ministerio Público como la práctica conciliadora al interior de la institución.
With the aim to analyze the level of efficiency that presents the implementation of the conciliation in the solution of conflicts that are a competition of the Provincial Penal, Civil and Family Fiscalías of Judicial District of Ica, as integral organs of the Public Ministry, in the period 2006 - 2008, there was realized an applied research, of Explanatory level, across a Not experimental and Analytical Design. From a sample random design there was selected a sample of the processes that entered between the years 2006 to 2008 to the Provincial Civil District attorney's offices and of Family and Provincial Penal and Mixed District attorney's offices of Ica's Judicial District in those that someone of the forms applied to itself of conciliation foreseen by the Peruvian legislation. In hundred eighty nine processes selected at random analyzed the contents of the Transactions of Conciliation across the skill of the documentary analysis. Likewise one interviewed thirty two Civil District attorneys and of Family and Penal of this Judicial District and there was applied the observation constructed to sixteen acts of conciliation developed in this Judicial District. The analysis of the obtained information demonstrated that during the years 2006 to 2008 the application of the Conciliation the Penal, Mixed, Civil District attorney's offices and of Family of Ica's Judicial District it has showed a slight increase, constituting a practice that allows to give solution approximately to 15 % of the processes related to reconcilable matters. Nevertheless, a significant contribution is not observed to the resolution of conflicts in this Judicial District, particularly for the limitations that present the conciliatory legal faculty of the Public Ministry so much the as the conciliatory practice inside the institution.
Tesis

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25

Smith, Boy Siphiwo. "A critique of dispute resolution in the public service." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/754.

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Effective, efficient and expeditious resolution of labour disputes plays a crucial role in terms of the realization of one of the primary objectives of the Labour Relations Act (hereinafter referred to as “the Act”) which is the achievement of labour peace. Although there is no proper definition of a dispute offered by the Act, there are several elements raised by authors within the labour relations and labour law fields which constitute a dispute. Two types of disputes are discussed, namely disputes of right (emanating from entitlement) and disputes of interest (based on demands not provided for, and these are also known as disputes based on matters of mutual interests). Labour relations in South Africa has a history that is tarnished by segregation and dualism, where there was a system of labour relations and labour statutes for all races (except for Africans). The first statute dealing somewhat comprehensive with labour disputes, the Industrial Conciliation Act, did not apply to Africans. This situation (exclusion of Africans) prevailed until the early 1980’s. Therefore, although the apartheid system was legislated in 1948, its segregation practices based on race existed long before 1948 and also extended to the workplaces. The turning point in the labour relations arena in South Africa was the appointment of the Wiehahn Commission. As a result of the recommendations by this Commission, African Workers were for the first time included in labour legislation. So, of great interest is the fact that African Workers attained labour rights before the demise of the apartheid system. The birth of the Act with its dispute resolution fora like the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration (hereinafter referred to as “the CCMA”), Bargaining Councils, Labour Court and the Labour Appeal Court, revolutionized dispute resolution in the country. However, there are some challenges that have emerged even within the new system. Prior to 1993, labour relations in the public service, simply just did not exist. This was mainly due to the fact that the public service was excluded from mainstream legal framework governing labour relations. The State was very much in control of what was happening with regards to employment relations in the public service. There were some structures developed for engagement with the State like the Public Service Commission (PSC) which was politicized to push the agenda of apartheid, Public Servants Association (PSA) for White Public Servants, Public Service Union (PSU) for Indian Public Servants and Public Service League for Coloured Public Servants. There was no structure established for African Public Servants though. Nevertheless, these established structures were useless. One of the recommendations of the Wiehahn Commission was the inclusion of public servants within the mainstream labour relations framework and this was never pursued by the then government. It took the wave of strikes in the early 1990’s for the Act to be extended to the public service. Even with the inclusion of public service within the scope of the Act, there are still challenges pertinent to the public service. Central to these challenges is the problem of fragmentation in terms of approach regarding dispute resolution and the fact that there are too many pieces of legislation dealing with dispute resolution. This situation has also resulted in a jurisdictional debacle within the public service. Also, there is a huge challenge in terms of dealing with abscondments / desertion within the public service. In terms of the way forward, there is an initiative to streamline the public service. In this regard, there is a Draft Single Public Service Bill and also the Public Service Amendment Bill.

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Kwan, Chung Kit. "Hong Kong civil justice reform the significance of mediation as a means of alternative dispute resolution /." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b22445997a.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2008.
"A dissertation undertaken in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the M.A. in arbitration and dispute resolution, City University of Hong Kong." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 1, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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27

Lignelet, Brice-Joris. "Dématérialisation et procédure civile." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD067.

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La dématérialisation des méthodes de traitement, de transmission et de conservation de l’information modifie substantiellement les rapports économiques et sociaux. Le domaine juridique n’aurait pu rester étranger à ce mouvement de fond. Le droit et la justice s’en trouvent bouleversés jusque dans leurs organisations, leurs méthodes et leurs métiers. L’adaptation du droit aux technologies numériques désormais acquise, les craintes et résistances liées à leur intégration dans le fonctionnement judiciaire surmontées ; la dématérialisation des actes du procès et leur communication électronique se généralisent. Une phase de maturation débute à présent, celle d’un retour au droit de la procédure civile et de l’appréciation que la jurisprudence fera de ces innovations technologiques. Il conviendra dès lors de veiller à ce que cette appropriation serve pleinement les intérêts des justiciables et de la justice
Paperless methods of data production, process and records management has substantially changed both the economic and social relationships. Therefore, French law and justice could not have ignored these technological evolution which is deeply impacting their own organisation, methods, and professions. The necessary adaptation by French law and Justice to digital technologies now acquired, and concerns or fears on their integration into the civil litigation process being overcome ; dematerialisation of procedural acts and their communication in electronic forms are generally used. Regarding this technological reality, attention needs henceforth to be directed towards the role of each relevant actor of the French E-justice to make sure that such proceedings allow a fair trial to any litigant

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28

Maclons, Whitney. "Mandatory court based mediation as an alternative dispute resolution process in the South African civil justice system." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4407.

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Magister Legum - LLM
Civil litigation is the primary method of dispute resolution in the South African civil justice system. This process is characterised by a number of shortcomings which include the adversarial nature of the process which often creates further conflict between disputing parties and often results in permanently destroyed relationships between them. Further shortcomings include the highly complex, costly and time-consuming nature of civil litigation. These shortcomings infringe on the constitutional imperative of access to justice for South Africans, particularly for the indigent members of society. In addition, court rolls have become overburdened due to the rapidly increasing volume of litigation at court. This often results in extensive waiting periods before matters are heard at court and further infringes the attainment of access to justice. While progress has been made in enhancing the civil justice system over the years, the aforementioned shortcomings prevail. In recent years the South African government has introduced the concept of mandatory court based mediation to the civil justice system with the view of promoting access to justice and enhancing the civil justice system. In a nutshell, mandatory court based mediation refers a civil dispute to mediation once an appearance to defend is entered at court, in order to attempt the settlement of the matter. In the event of the dispute not being resolved, the matter is then referred back to the conventional litigation process for resolution. Mandatory court based mediation, while controversial and bearing valid criticism; aims to promote access to justice and reconciliation between aggrieved parties and remedies a number of the shortcomings currently plaguing the South African civil justice system. In answering the research question of whether this ADR process is suitable to implement in South Africa in order to remedy the shortcomings of its civil justice system, the following aspects are considered in this thesis: the benefits, advantages, and the constitutionality of mandatory court based mediation, as well as the criticisms and challenges of the process. South Africa may have an adversarial civil justice system, but is no stranger to the practice of mediation. Within South African civil law a number of fields have mentioned mediation as the preferred method of dispute resolution over years. These areas of law will be highlighted in this thesis. Internationally, the jurisdiction of the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria will also be highlighted. This analysis is done in order to assess the implementation and function of a mediation system, as a preferred method of dispute resolution, across all areas of civil law within an adversarial civil justice system. The current civil justice system in South Africa needs to be remedied due to its negative impact on civil disputants and the nation of South Africa in a broader sense. This thesis does not suggest that mandatory court based mediation is a panacea for all ills plaguing the country’s civil justice system. However, this ADR process may suit South Africa and its implementation may make a considerable remedial contribution and possibly significantly enhance its civil justice system.

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Koller, David. "A Solution Under Pressure: Integrating Facilitative Practices into Water-Related Civil Litigations." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22745.

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The broad scope of this research concerns the field of conflict and dispute resolution, also referred to as alternative dispute resolution (ADR). ADR practices have developed in both executive and judicial branches of government since the early 1900’s. The goal of this paper is to evaluate how ADR practitioners working in water-related civil litigation can apply facilitative practices prior, during, and after the proceeding to reduce harm, cost, and time of litigation and increase the overall satisfaction of the parties when the proceeding has been resolved. To achieve this goal, a framework is constructed and applied to a case study in Cascade Locks, Oregon. This framework is not a way to avoid a court proceeding through use of alternative dispute resolution; instead this paper seeks to add facilitative practices to a civil litigation process to make the entire process more efficient to the parties and effective in resolving the dispute.

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Russo, Alyce M. (Alyce Marie). "Secure tenure production : a land dispute resolution process for Paraisópolis, São Paulo, Brazil." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77336.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1989 and (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1989.
Includes bibliographical references.
by Alyce M. Russo.
M.S.
M.C.P.

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31

Howell, David Evan. "Aspects of general conditions of contract which give rise to dispute." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1026.

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Thesis ( Masters Diploma(Civil Engineering))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1991
The incidence of disputes has long frustrated effective management and completion of Construction Contracts. Very little material is available on the causes of disputes and how the respective General Conditions of Contract used in this country handle circumstances relating to these areas of dispute. Causes of dispute can be divided into two categories, namely Primary Causes and Secondary Causes. The Primary Causes are Time, Cost and Quality and the Secondary Causes are Risk. Variations and Alterations, Delays, Claims, Adverse Physical Conditions, Extensions of Time and Payment. All the secondary causes of dispute are risk related and a consideration of risk is therefore of utmost importance with regard to avoidance of disputes. To avoid disputes. risk has to be fairly allocated amongst the parties involved in the Contract. Before this can be done, however, risk first has to be identified and an attempt has to be made to reduce it. For a long time General Conditions of Contract have been used in this country which have been closely allied to British General Conditions. The General Conditions of Contract (1982) (Blue Book) is very closely allied to the I.CR General Conditions of Contract (4th edition). The latter contract was revised in 1979 and was generally considered to be more favourable toward the Contractor. It has become known as the LCE. General COnditions of Contract (5th edition). Both the General Conditions of Contract (1982) and the ESKOM General Conditions of Contract have recently been reVised, and on comparison of the clauses relating specifically to the major causes of disputes mentioned preViously, were found to be more biased in favour of the Employer and more closely allied to the C.S.R.A. General Conditions of Contract 1986, also widely used in South Africa The major reason for having drawn this conclusion is that in the case of GC C '90 and ESKOM '90, all claims have to be made in accordance with a general claims clause which involves a procedure which subjects the Contractor to unfair requirements and allocates risk unfairly on him. The General Conditions of Contract 1990 do, however, represent improvements in certain respects, namely with respect to clauses relating to Care of Works, Excepted Risks, Valuation of Variations, Monthly Payments, Time of Payments and Correction or Withholding of Certificates. No set of General Conditions can provide a completely equitable situation and each has its pros and cons. This thesis should provide an easy reference as to which are the major causes of disputes and as to how the respective General Conditions of Contract in this country handle the circumstances relating to these areas of dispute. It will also put forward recommendations on how disputes can be avoided and how certain clauses of the relevant documents can be improved.

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Gerber, Marcel. "Alternative dispute resolution in the BRICS nations: A comparative labour law perspective." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6996.

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Magister Legum - LLM
Alternative dispute resolution refers to forms of dispute resolution, other than traditional and formal court based litigation. A notable benefit of alternative dispute resolution is that different processes are available for resolving a particular dispute in the most effective and efficient manner possible. Alternative dispute resolution includes but is not limited to arbitration, mediation, negotiation, conciliation and facilitation. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, lists human dignity, equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms as the founding values of the Republic of South Africa. In terms of section 9(1) of the Constitution everyone is regarded as equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law in South Africa. Often it is however argued that traditional court based litigation hinders the full enjoyment of these rights by individuals. Consequently, alternative dispute resolution is attractive as an alternative to court based litigation as it is regarded as less expensive, more time effective and results in less conflict when it comes to resolving disputes in the most accessible, effective and efficient manner possible, in both developed and developing countries. The study will first focus on the pitfalls to traditional court based litigation in South Africa. The relevant legislation and processes which provide for alternative dispute resolution processes in South Africa, with specific focus on alternative dispute resolution in labour disputes, will be considered. Consideration will be given to the provision of alternative dispute resolution as contained in the Constitution, the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, the Rules for the Conduct of Proceedings before the CCMA of 2003 and the Arbitration Act 42 of 1965. The study will thereafter proceed to consider the use of alternative dispute resolution in labour disputes in Brazil, Russia, India and China, who, together with South Africa, are collectively referred to as BRICS. These five nations are considered the world’s leading emerging economies, with similar economic capabilities and demographics.

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Mohamed, Osman Roukiya. "La politique de sécurité et de défense dans la corne de l'Afrique : le cas de Djibouti." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20129.

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Cette thèse étudie les politiques de sécurité et de défense développées dans la corne de l’Afrique. Notre objectif principal est de montrer qu’en Somalie, en Érythrée, en Éthiopie et à Djibouti les facteurs politiques, historiques, économiques et sociaux se combinent pour expliquer la situation d’insécurité totale qui règne dans la région. Sa position géostratégique fait d’elle, une zone très convoitée pour mieux lutter contre le terrorisme et la piraterie. Cet avantage géographique est peu rentabilisé à cause des guerres civiles, des contentieux territoriaux et des catastrophes naturelles qui ont engendré l’une des plus grandes crises humanitaires et alimentaires au monde. Devant cet état de fait, les politiques de sécurité et défense, qu’elles soient régionales et continentale, semblent être impuissantes. Les échecs de ces politiques découlent, d’une part ; des discordes entre les chefs d’État et, d’autre part ; du manque de moyens financiers des États, de l’Union africaine et de ses organismes sous régionaux (l’IGAD et le COMESA). En étudiant le cas de Djibouti, nous montrerons que la politique de sécurité nationale souffre de plusieurs maux. En effet, la corruption, le clientélisme, le tribalisme et le détournement des deniers publics affaiblissent la politique sécuritaire et incitent les populations appauvries aux soulèvements. Djibouti, étant l’un des pays le plus stable de la région, constitue un baromètre pour mieux mesurer les nouvelles menaces qui déstabiliseraient la zone. Pays limitrophes des foyers du terrorisme et de la piraterie, il est le choix d’implantation, par excellence, des bases militaires françaises, américaines, japonaise et de plusieurs autres contingents. Ainsi, en bénéficiant de l’aide et de la protection de ces États, il devient, par conséquent, une cible des groupes terroristes. L’apport sécuritaire et économique des bases sont indéniables. Cependant, elles ne manquent pas d’impacter négativement sur son environnement social
This thesis studies the politics of security and defence that have been developed in the Horn of Africa. Our main objective is to show that in Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti there are political, historical, economical and sociological factors that explain the prevailing insecurity within the region. Its geostrategic position makes it a coveted area for fighting terrorism and piracy. Nevertheless this geographical advantage is not as profitable as it could be because of civil wars, boundary disputes and natural disasters that have generated one of the world’s biggest humanitarian and food crisis. Security and defence policies, whether regional or continental, have shown to be powerless when facing these realities. The failures of these policies are due to disagreements between Heads of State and to the lack of financial resources within States, the African Union and its sub-regional agencies such as IGAD and COMESA. By studying the case of Djibouti we will prove that national security policies have been weakened by corruption, clientelism and tribalism, which has lead to the insurgence of the impoverished population. Because Djibouti is one of the most stable States in the region, it serves as a barometer that measures new treats to the stability of the zone. As a neighbouring country to the hotbeds of terrorism and piracy, Djibouti is where the French, the American and the Japanese have settled their military bases; it has also consequently become the target of terrorist groups. The military bases have certainly improved the security and the economy of the area but they have also had a negative impact on its social environment

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Silva, Erica Barbosa e. "A efetividade da prestação jurisdicional civil a partir da conciliação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-22042013-084020/.

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O objetivo central desta tese é verificar se e como a utilização da conciliação pode conferir efetividade à prestação jurisdicional, compreendida pela pacificação com Justiça, destacando a dimensão qualitativa do instituto. Contextualizou-se para tanto o tema, analisando o Poder Judiciário, a atividade jurisdicional e a cultura da pacificação na contemporaneidade, e se examinou em seguida o tratamento de conflitos por meios consensuais. A investigação do objeto desta tese tem início no terceiro capítulo, com a construção institucional da conciliação, a que se seguem - no quarto capítulo - as delimitações nas cortes de Justiça, depurando a respectiva aplicação aos conflitos civis, na tentativa de superar preconceitos e determinar em que medida denota efetividade. No quinto capítulo, analisa-se a conciliação aplicada, com destaque para a verificação do método, pela dinâmica existente entre a técnica e os sujeitos envolvidos, estabelecendo as balizas objetivas e subjetivas da conciliação na prestação jurisdicional civil. O sexto capítulo apresenta a tese, confirmando a hipótese estabelecida na introdução - há efetividade da prestação jurisdicional civil a partir da conciliação - e sintetiza suas condições. A resposta ao conflito pela conciliação verifica-se pelo engendramento de soluções integrativas, que contemplem todas as partes envolvidas. Nessa construção institucional revelam-se diversos elementos constitutivos, dado que a negociação por princípios não contempla a infinidade de variações vistas no Judiciário. Daí por que a interdisciplinaridade, a comunicação de primeira e segunda ordem, a teoria dos sistemas, a teoria dos jogos e a tipologia dos conflitos são temas afeitos à conciliação, como meio apto de solucionar conflitos no sistema de Justiça atual. O estudo ora apresentado enaltece a conciliação por meio de bases constitutivas próprias, que afastem o instituto de informalismos e concentrem-se no entendimento de sua técnica, permitindo refinar os caminhos rumo à efetividade da prestação jurisdicional.
The main goal of this thesis is to verify if conciliation must be used in the Courts and how to use it to improve their effectiveness. For the purpose of this work, effectiveness indicates the ability for a fair pacification of conflicts, in order to stress the qualitative view of the institute. The analysis of the Judiciary, in which the thesiss subject is contextualized, takes in account the judicial activities and the culture of pacification, as it is presently conceived. This set foundations to analyse how disputes are dealt by consensual means of resolution. The focus in the most important topic of this thesis begins in chapter 3, in which the institutional construction of conciliation is drawn. In other hand, chapter 4 works the limitations of conciliation in the Courts, discussing it application to private disputes, putting prejudices aside and determining to what extent effectiveness could be achieved. Chapter 5 analyzes conciliation as it is done, in particular the question of method and the balance between technique and involved people, determining the objective and subjective boundaries of conciliation in civil jurisdiction. The hypothesis presented in the introduction is confirmed in chapter 6, upholding that conciliation makes judicial services more effective. Otherwise the final chapter sums up the conditions to get effective outputs through conciliation in the judicial environment. The resolution of dispute through conciliation is obtained by mixing integrative means, taking in account all parts. In this institutional construction several constitutive elements rise up, since only negotiation through principles does not allow to reach all existing diversity of situations embraced by Judiciary. That is why an interdisciplinary approach is need, including first and second order communication, systems theory, theory of games and tipology of conflicts. The present study assert the qualities of conciliation on its own constitutive bases, what means to get it hide of any informalism and embedded in its own technique, making if feasible to improve the effectiveness of judicial servives.

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Sosa, Carlos E. (Carlos Ernique) 1966. "State of the art review of methodologies for dispute avoidance and resolution in large scale engineering systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80179.

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Benvenuti, Ronaldo. "Utilização da arbitragem como forma de solução de disputas por empresas construtoras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-18082010-161302/.

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As atividades da construção civil são intrinsecamente complexas, resultado de muitas variáveis e grande quantidade de informações envolvidas, o que dificulta o gerenciamento dos riscos e a previsão de conflitos, os quais podem vir a se tornar uma disputa. Os contratos, instrumentos de pacto e reguladores das ações dos agentes e celebrados para a realização dos empreendimentos, muitas vezes são mal redigidos e criam um campo fértil para disputas e demandas judiciais, as quais geram prejuízos aos agentes e às partes interessadas envolvidas. A justiça estatal é morosa em função do acúmulo de processos e de alto custo. Como alternativa, foi instituída pela lei federal 9307/96 a arbitragem, uma forma de solução de disputas de forma privada, criada com a intenção de ser rápida, de baixo custo e sigilosa. O objetivo desta pesquisa é o de analisar a freqüência e condições de utilização da arbitragem nos contratos de execução de empreendimentos de construção civil, a identificação das vantagens e desvantagens que uma empresa construtora terá ao utilizá-la de modo a sugerir ações com vistas a incrementar a sua utilização pelas empresas construtoras. Foram utilizados como métodos de pesquisa a revisão bibliográfica e entrevistas de campo com três órgãos institucionais arbitrais, três empresas construtoras e três escritórios de advocacia.
Construction activities are inherent complex, as a result of a great number of interests and large amount f information involved, what makes risk management and conflict prediction difficult tasks, eventually leading to legal disputes. Construction and engineering contracts often do not cover all risks involved, leading to claims and resulting in losses of time and money for construction firms, engineering companies, property developers, and other stakeholders. The judiciary system is very slow and expensive, and, as an alternative, private arbitration courts were created by federal law 9307/96. Private managed, these courts are expected to be faster, less expensive and confidential. The aim of this research is to analyze the frequency and conditions of the use of arbitration in contracts in civil construction projects, identifying advantages and disadvantages from the point of view of construction companies, aiming to suggest actions as to increase its use. The research method includes bibliographic review and a survey with three institutional private arbitration organizations, three construction firms and three law firms.

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Demarchi, Juliana. "Mediação: proposta de implementação no processo civil brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-01042008-132345/.

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O presente trabalho aborda a inserção dos meios alternativos de resolução de conflitos no processo civil e propõe a consideração de tais métodos como técnicas processuais voltadas ao atingimento dos escopos da jurisdição, tomada essencialmente como função pública voltada à pacificação de conflitos. São apresentados os institutos fundamentais do processo civil e se parte de uma releitura do processo civil a partir da busca da efetividade e da consideração do escopo da pacificação como escopo magno da jurisdição, o que justifica a introdução de meios complementares de solução de conflitos voltados à promoção da solução consensual dos litígios. Tem-se, então, em certa medida, a ampliação do objeto de estudo do processo civil. Tendo em vista a necessidade de se agregar novos institutos à consecução dos escopos do processo, os meios alternativos de solução de conflitos passam a ser tratados não mais como meros equivalentes jurisdicionais, mas como ferramentas do próprio sistema processual para a consecução de seus escopos. Isso conduz ao alargamento do objeto da ciência processual, à alteração do conteúdo programático das Escolas de Direito e à formação de um novo profissional da área jurídica. Dentre os métodos de resolução de conflitos existentes, são descritas a negociação, a conciliação, a avaliação neutra e a mediação, com destaque para esta última pela maior amplitude de aplicação e de técnicas utilizadas. São apresentados os fundamentos teóricos da mediação, as principais técnicas utilizadas e o procedimento que se recomenda seja observado para a condução adequada dessa forma de solução de controvérsias. Descritos esses métodos, passa-se à abordagem de algumas experiências de aplicação dos meios alternativos de forma complementar ao processo civil, destacando-se especialmente a disciplina legal estabelecida nos Estados Unidos da América e na Argentina. O presente trabalho culmina com a apresentação de um cronograma de instalação de setores de mediação anexos ao sistema judicial, abordando o recrutamento de mediadores, a capacitação necessária, o papel dos operadores do direito na empreitada e a metodologia de trabalho empregada, tudo a partir das bases legislativas já existentes em nosso ordenamento e do sucesso do projeto de gerenciamento de casos elaborado pelo CEBEPEJ - Centro Brasileiro de Estudos e Pesquisas Judiciais. A ampla utilização da mediação como instrumento de pacificação e consecução dos escopos da jurisdição já é possível independentemente de legislação própria .e específica, embora a institucionalização possa constituir um instrumento importante da divulgação e implementação da mediação em nossa sociedade. Buscou-se lançar as bases teóricas e práticas do uso da mediação como ferramenta de consecução dos escopos da jurisdição, principalmente o da pacificação, a partir de uma visão diferenciada do conflito e da necessidade de formação de um novo profissional da área jurídica, incorporando ao processo civil métodos complementares de solução de conflitos marcados pelo traço da interdisciplinaridade que permitirão alcançar o processo civil que se almeja: efetivo, célere e voltado preponderantemente à pacificação dos conflitantes.
The present work tackles the insertion of alternative dispute resolution methods in civil procedure, and proposes to consider these methods as procedural techniques focused on obtaining the scope of the jurisdiction, taken essentially as a public function towards the pacification of disputes. The fundamental institutes of civil procedure are presented from a new reading in the field, seeking effective solutions and considering the scope of pacification as a substantial scope of jurisdiction, thereby justifying the introduction of supplementary means for the resolution of disputes focusing on the promotion of a consensual resolution of disputes. The subject of study of civil procedure is hence to some extent broadened. In view of the necessity to aggregate new institutes in order to attain the scopes of the process, the alternative dispute resolution methods are henceforth treated not as mere jurisdiction equivalents but as tools of the very procedure system for the attainment of its scopes. This leads to the widening of the subject of the science of civil to the modification of programme contents in the Colleges of Law and to the building of a new law professional. Negotiation, conciliation, neutral early evaluation and mediation fall within the methods used to resolve disputes, particular emphasis being laid on the latter due to the extent of its application and the techniques used. The theoretical foundations of mediation, the main techniques used and the recommended procedure to be observed for a proper execution of this form of resolution of controversies are presented. Once completed the description of those methods, we shall move onto the experience of the application of alternative means as a supplementary form in civil proceedings, while highlighting more particularly the legal discipline established in the United States of America and in Argentina. This work then culminates with the presentation of a schedule for the insta1lation of additional mediation sectors alongside the judicial system, while tackling the recruitment of mediators, the necessary qualification, the role played by law professionals in this enterprise and the work methodology employed, all of which from the legal bases existing in our ordinance and the success of the case management project elaborated by CEBEPEJ - the Brazilian Judicial Studies and Research Centre. The wide use of mediation as a pacification tool for the attainment of the scopes of jurisdiction is a1ready possible, regardless of the specific legislation itself, although the institutionalisation may constitute an important tool for the release and implementation of mediation in our society. The purpose of this study was to set the theoretica1 bases and practices of the use of mediation as a tool to attain the scopes of jurisdiction, and mainly that of pacification from a differentiated viewpoint of dispute and from the necessity of qualifying a new legal professional by incorporating supplementary methods into civil proceedings for the resolution of disputes marked by the trait of an interdisciplinary approach, hereby making it possible to reach the civil procedure aspired to: an effective and diligent proceeding turned most and foremost towards the pacification of the parties in dispute.

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Majidi, Naz E. (Naz Emilie) 1979. "Evaluation framework of construction alternative dispute resolution methods through an integrated model of real options, probabilistic analysis and system dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85384.

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Ferreira, Glauco B. "Arco-íris em disputa." Florianópolis, SC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/96250.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social.
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Gedoz, Cassiano. "O supremo tribunal federal e o alcance da lei da anistia: As disputas de um processo inconcluso." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4297.

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Em 21 de outubro de 2008, a Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) protocolou no Supremo Tribunal Federal uma Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental (ADPF 153), na qual questionava a interpretação consolidada do artigo 1º do parágrafo 1º da Lei de Anistia nº 6.683, de 28 de agosto de 1979. Na interpretação que se questiona, a anistia caracteriza-se por ser recíproca, estando anistiados, portanto, também, os representantes do Estado brasileiro que cometeram crimes de tortura, morte e desaparecimento de pessoas durante o período da ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985). O desfecho da ADPF 153 deu-se à 28 e 29 de abril de 2010, com a votação em plenário, na qual sete ministros do Supremo votaram contra, e dois a favor da proposição da OAB, ficando a lei de 1979 inalterada para os efeitos requeridos, principalmente a possibilidade de julgamento dos crimes perpetrados durante o regime de exceção. Nesta pesquisa, contemplamos a ADPF 153, centrando-se de uma análise histórica, a partir das manifestações dos seus envolvidos. O julgamento demonstrou que nele interagiram não apenas questões jurídicas, mas que o passado histórico era objeto constante de debate, principalmente nos votos dos ministros que indeferiram a ação. A tentativa da OAB, ao propor a reinterpretação da Lei de Anistia à luz dos preceitos constitucionais vigentes, é requerer a persecução penal dos agentes públicos que tenham cometido crimes de tortura, morte e desaparecimento durante o regime ditatorial. Esta tentativa, no entanto, encontrou uma disputa sobre o passado muito marcante durante o julgamento da Arguição. A maior parte das manifestações utilizou-se de argumentações de caráter histórico, levando constantemente os envolvidos a apropriações e disputas pela memória do passado, em um processo no qual as dimensões do âmbito jurídico, do social, do político e do histórico entram em confluência.
In 2008, the Lawyers Association of Brazil (LAB) filed in the Supreme Federal Bound Tribunal (SFBT) an Argumentation of Noncompliance of Fundamental Precept (ANFP 153), in which it was questioned the consolidated interpretation of the 1st article of the1st paragraph of the Amnesty Law number 6.683, from August 28th, 1979. In that, the amnesty is defined to be reciprocal, being amnestied, in this way, also, the representatives of the Brazilian State who committed crimes of torture, death and people disappearance during the Military Dictatorship period (1964-1985). The denouement of the ANFP 153 happened on April 28th and 29th, 2010, with the voting in plenary, of the LAB proposition, in which seven ministers voted against the filed action, and two of them voted in favor of it – making the law of 1979 unchanged for the required effects – among them, the possibility of judgment of the perpetrated crimes during the exception regime. In this research, we behold the ADF 153, bringing into focus the historical analysis, starting with those who were involved on the manifestations. The judgment demonstrates that it does not interact only with Juridical questions, but the historical past was a constantly object to debate. Mainly, in Ministers’ votes that rejected the action. The attempt of OAB, while proposing the reinterpretation of the Annesty Law based on the effectives ones, was requesting the penal executions for those who committed the torture, death and disappearances crimes during the Military Dictatorship Period. Otherwise this attempt found a remarkable past contest during the arguments judgment. T\he most manifestations were used historical reasons. Constantly leading people involved to appropriation and fights around past memory, in a process which juridical, social, politics and historical matter’s scopes gets in confluence.

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Benavides, Vargas Rosa Ruth. "Problemática jurídica de la conciliación en el proceso penal peruano." Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/645.

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Hacer frente a la numerosa pequeña y mediana criminalidad tiene un significado capital para la eficacia de la administración de justicia. Por ello desde 1991 el legislador peruano ha utilizado dos instrumentos de política criminal con los que espera enfrentar este problema: la posibilidad del archivo por razones de oportunidad mediando el cumplimiento de unas condiciones o mandatos, método cuya implementación ha dado excelentes resultados en los países en los que fue instaurado y la finalización del proceso a través del consenso entre el Juez, el Ministerio Público y la defensa, es decir la terminación anticipada del proceso. No obstante, el objeto de esta tesis se circunscribe a la aplicación de la conciliación en el proceso penal peruano la misma que se produce en la etapa de la investigación preliminar a cargo del Ministerio Público, en la cual el principio de oportunidad permite a las partes involucradas solucionar el conflicto jurídico penal surgido, sin necesidad de formular denuncia y dar inicio a un proceso penal. Asimismo, también puede producirse en el proceso penal a cargo del juez, en el que igualmente es posible la aplicación del principio de oportunidad. A su vez, en ésta instancia existe una problemática particular aún no identificada por el legislador, la misma que será objeto del presente estudio, incidiendo con mayor énfasis en los mecanismos conciliatorios que se desarrollan necesariamente previa a la aplicación de este principio. Con el ánimo de aportar al estudio de esta problemática se presenta esta tesis bajo el título "Problemática Jurídica de la Conciliación en el Proceso Penal Peruano", en cuyos capítulos se pretende establecer los fundamentos teóricos, situación actual, problemática particular y posibles soluciones. En efecto, en el primer capítulo denominado aspectos metodológicos se efectúa el correspondiente planteamiento del problema y la formulación de la hipótesis central, la cual será validada en los próximos capítulos; estableciéndose también la metodología de investigación jurídica empleada y detallándose las técnicas de investigación científica que permitieron la contrastación de la hipótesis con la realidad del entorno objeto de análisis. En el capítulo II, denominado Marco teórico - Doctrinario y con el fin de obtener los sustentos doctrinarios referenciales, se estudia con cierto detenimiento en primer lugar la Conciliación en la Legislación Peruana, detallando lo referente al Conflicto y los aspectos fundamentales de la Conciliación. En segundo lugar, se ofrece un análisis de los conceptos correspondientes al Ministerio Público, las facultades del Fiscal y la Investigación Preliminar y asimismo se hace un estudio de los principales aspectos del proceso penal peruano. Para ello se recurre a diferentes fuentes de información: libros y revistas especializadas, estudios diversos e información obtenida a través de internet. En el capítulo III, titulado La Conciliación y el Principio de Oportunidad, se estudia con detenimiento como primer punto el principio de oportunidad profundizado en sus conceptos, su aplicación en la legislación comparada, así como los requisitos y supuestos establecidos por las normas penales en nuestro país. Todo lo cual nos permitirá tener una visión clara de esta institución procesal, fundamental en la investigación preliminar que lleva adelante el Ministerio Público y en su aplicación al interior del proceso penal. Un segundo punto desarrollado es el concerniente a la aplicación de la conciliación en el principio de oportunidad, en el cual se pone énfasis en la aplicación de este principio por parte del Ministerio Público, presentándose al final del capítulo un análisis estadístico de la situación actual del principio de oportunidad en el Perú. Cabe precisar que tanto en el capítulo II y III de la presente tesis se hizo acopio de técnicas de investigación tales como la información estadística emitida por organismos oficiales y realización de encuestas entre los Fiscales Provinciales y Jueces Especializados en lo Penal; con el fin de establecer un nexo entre la problemática normativa abstracta planteada y el mundo de los fenómenos reales y concretos de la dinámica social. En el capítulo IV, titulado Contrastación de Hipótesis y Verificación de Variables de la Investigación, el cual cierra el trabajo investigatorio; se efectúa un análisis y contrastación de las variables independientes y dependientes de la Hipótesis planteada al inicio del trabajo como respuesta tentativa a esta investigación con la información doctrinaria, estadísticas oficiales, encuestas y demás instrumentos utilizados en la elaboración del presente trabajo. Seguidamente se abordan las posibles alternativas de solución, en el acápite referido a recomendaciones, aspecto fundamental del trabajo investigatorio al cual llegamos como puede apreciarse de manera deductiva, al haber iniciado el estudio con precisiones de carácter genérico para arribar al enfoque de situaciones específicas. Con toda esta visión de la tesis expuesta se desea enfocar la problemática estudiada desde un nivel inicialmente teórico - descriptivo, para luego pasar a un esfuerzo de análisis, interpretación y crítica. Al respecto la hipótesis que de una u otra forma está explicitada en esta tesis se refiere a que la aplicación de la conciliación en la etapa preliminar y judicial de nuestro sistema procesal penal presenta deficiencias, por no haber identificado el legislador la problemática socio-jurídica de esta institución procesal penal, planteamiento que consideramos cierto, producto del estudio efectuado y ante el cual hemos propuesto las posibles soluciones aplicables. La autora de la presente investigación desea que este esfuerzo se vea compensado con el interés que otros investigadores pongan en un tema aún no estudiado en profundidad.
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Pinedo, Aubián Francisco Martín. "La Conciliación extrajudicial en el Perú : análisis de la Ley Nº 26872 y perspectivas de su eficacia como medio alternativo de resolución de conflictos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1603.

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En la historia de la humanidad, siempre nos hemos encontrado con situaciones de conflicto en todas las facetas de relación con nuestros semejantes; y es que el ser humano es egoísta por naturaleza, pretendiendo satisfacerse aun a costa de su prójimo. A pesar que se habla que el empleo de la violencia en la resolución de conflictos no es digno de sociedades que se dicen algunas "civilizaciones", actualmente seguimos observando casos de linchamiento en que la comunidad cree equivocadamente que la violencia lo arregla todo. Pero no son los únicos que piensan así, ya que a nivel internacional concurrimos a un nuevo episodio de violencia irracional donde pareciera dejarse de lado la inteligencia, la razón y la diplomacia, para dar cabida al empleo del mayor despliegue bélico de la nación más "desarrollada" del mundo.
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Zhang, Yafei. "Mainstream cultural production and audience citizenship: dispute resolution reality shows in transitional Chinese society." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/7052.

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This study explores cultural productions in one television genre in Chinese mainstream media: dispute resolution shows. By applying the theoretical frameworks of Hall’s encoding and decoding and Habermas’ public spheres, this study mainly answers two research questions: 1) how does mainstream production convey politically-preferred cultural and social values to viewers; and 2) how do audience members exercise their citizenship in decoding televised social values and cultural norms? In a specific examination of Oriental Pearl Live Newsroom, mixed-methods are adopted, including unsupervised learning of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), content analysis, thematic analysis, focus groups, and interviews. In the findings, the interviewees admitted that they propagated social and cultural values in accordance with the mainstream political ideology of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in order to maintain social stability and state order. However, my interviewees also suggested that they had an ambition and willingness to promote a civil society in China, which requires a counterbalanced power from the audience’s side. The results of the audience analysis generally indicated that they challenged the power of legitimate authorities, including the nation-state, the elite class, and the media. This study identified five online public spheres: 1) Government is the core; 2) Request for rule of law; 3) Media is a paradox; 4) The elite class is not the boss; 5) The grass is always greener (adoration of foreign countries). In general, this study supports conceptualizing audience members as citizens. It demonstrates how audience members deconstruct the dominant interpretations of social values and their attempts to elaborate less-favorable voices in Transitional Chinese society. This conceptualization suggests the importance of audience members in creating diverse public spheres and promoting a civil society.

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Mellaerts, Wim. "Dispute settlement and the law in three provincial towns in France, England and Holland, 1880-1914 : a cross-national comparison." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338045.

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Lima, André Camarinha. "O CONSEG Morumbi: as representações de seus sujeitos e seu lugar na disputas socias pela cidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8161/tde-08032016-143020/.

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Este trabalho investiga o histórico de constituição do Conselho Comunitário de Segurança do Morumbi (CONSEG Morumbi) e as representações sobre o tema da segurança que se expressam em seu ambiente. A partir disto, procura-se atribuir significado às estratégias de segurança elaboradas por este Conselho. O método etnográfico, pautado na observação participante, constitui elemento central da pesquisa que tem como fontes, também, atas de reunião do Conselho, entrevista concedida pela sua presidente e documentos oficiais relativos à criação e regulamentação dos CONSEGs. Inicialmente, identifico três momentos no processo histórico de urbanização da área onde atua o referido Conselho. Estes três momentos trouxeram para esta área grupos sociais distintos que disputam o projeto de urbanização da região. Ao longo do trabalho, identifico a apropriação social do espaço do CONSEG Morumbi pelos grupos economicamente favorecidos. Assim, constato o domínio, no ambiente deste Conselho, de certas representações sobre segurança que privilegiam a proteção ao patrimônio em detrimento de outros direitos civis, sociais e políticos, estabelecendo estratégias de segurança ancoradas no princípio da suspeição generalizada e na identificação das classes perigosas.
This dissertation investigates the history of establishment of the Community Council of Morumbi Security (CONSEG Morumbi) and representations on the issue of security which are expressed in their environment. From this, it seeks to give meaning to the security strategies adopted by this Council. The ethnographic method, based on participant observation, is a central element of the research whose sources are also meeting minutes of the Council, interview of its president and official documents relating to the creation and regulation of CONSEG. Initially, I identify three moments in the historical process of urbanization of the area where this council operates. These three moments brought to this area different social groups vying for the urbanization project in the region. Throughout the work, I identify the social appropriation of space CONSEG Morumbi by economically advantaged groups. So, I note the domain, in the environment of this Council of certain representations of security that emphasize the protection of heritage at the expense of other civil, social and political rights, establishing security strategies anchored in the principle of suspicion general and identifying \"dangerous classes \".

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Sithole, Ellen. "Towards a theory and practice of access to civil justice for the poor in Zimbabwe, law and dispute resolution in a pluralistic society." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ28318.pdf.

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Bernardi, Aura Correia Lima. "Planejamento urbano e capital imobiliário : incidências e disputas na produção do espaço em Balneário Camboriú/SC." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/47975.

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Orientador : Prof. Dr.José Ricardo Vargas Faria
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas. Defesa: Curitiba, 30/03/2017
Inclui referências
Resumo: O processo de acumulação de riqueza e expansão do capitalismo pode ser refletido em diversas instancias da vida em sociedade e o espaço social constitui, por um lado, o ambiente para a circulação da mercadoria, e por outro, a própria mercadoria como produto do capital imobiliário. Esse fenômeno, contudo, não se dá sem contradições, implicando em disputas no e pelo espaço. Falta de moradia e de mobilidade urbana, impactos ambientais, segregação socioespacial, dentre outros problemas constituem o cotidiano das cidades. A análise dos conflitos, dos agentes e interesses que incidem sobre a produção e o planejamento das cidades contribuem para a compreensão do fenômeno urbano e, ainda, dos próprios processos de produção e reprodução do capital. Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre a incidência do setor empresarial, representado pelo capital imobiliário, no processo de planejamento urbano da cidade de Balneário Camboriú/SC. As legislações e os instrumentos urbanísticos, ao longo dos anos, desde a constituição do município, sofreram com as inferências do setor da indústria da construção civil, observadas a partir das ações de agentes empresarias que ao longo das décadas exerceram funções também da vida pública, dentro das esferas legislativas e executivas, e desse modo criou-se na cidade um panorama favorável para a valorização dos imóveis em determinas áreas estratégicas. A mescla do setor privado com o setor público foram observadas neste trabalho no caso da criação de legislações especificas como o Índice de Confortabilidade de Obra para Desapropriações (ICON) e Índice Construtivo Adicional para Desapropriações (ICAD), ambos criados em 2014. Já, com a revisão do Plano Diretor, que teve inicio no ano de 2014, também foi possível observar inúmeras contradições frente a um processo que deveria ser exclusivamente democrático. Com a aprovação do Estatuto das Cidades e a posterior institucionalização do Ministério das Cidades contribuíram para a definição de políticas urbanas nacionais que conferiram ao Plano Diretor - já definido constitucionalmente como o principal instrumento de política urbana nos municípios - relativa centralidade na arena decisória. Sob o viés da gestão participativa, passa a ser obrigatório, o processo de elaboração, avaliação e revisão dos planos, estimulando e abrindo o debate para diversos setores da sociedade. Na cidade de Balneário Camboriú, entretanto, este processo foi caracterizado pela interpenetração dos interesses e dos agentes do setor imobiliário em diferentes segmentos de representação social. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Agentes capitalistas, planejamento urbano, capital imobiliário, construção civil
Abstract: The process for accumulation of wealth and capitalism expansion can be reflected in diverse instances of the life in society. The social space constitutes one ambient for the merchandise circulation, but also the merchandise itself as the product of real estate capital. This manifestation does not exist without contradictions and imply in and through space. The lack of housings and the urban mobility, the ambient impacts, the socio-spatial segregation and other problems make the cities daily's life. The conflicts analysis, the agents and interests that affect under the production and the planning of the cities contribute to the understanding through the urban phenomena and own process production and reproduction of the capital. By the years, since the constitution of the Balneário's Camboriù City, the laws and the urbanity's instruments have suffered with the inferences from the building industry sector. Legislation and planning instruments, over the years, since the constitution of the municipality, have suffered from the inferences of the civil construction industry sector, observed from the actions of business agents that over the decades also exercised functions of public life, Within the legislative and executive spheres, and in this way a favorable panorama was created in the city for the valuation of real estate in certain strategic areas. The mix of the private sector with the public sector was observed in this work in the case of the creation of specific legislation, such as the Occupational Comfortability Index for Expropriations (ICON) and Additional Construction Index for Expropriations (ICAD), both created in 2014. Already, with the review of the Master Plan, which began in 2014, it was also possible to observe innumerable contradictions regarding a process that should be exclusively democratic. With the approval of the Statute of Cities and the subsequent institutionalization of the Ministry of Cities, they contributed to the definition of national urban policies that gave the Directing Plan - already constitutionally defined as the main urban policy instrument in the municipalities - relative centrality in the decision-making arena. Under the participatory management bias, the process of drawing up, evaluating and revising the plans becomes mandatory, stimulating and opening the debate for various sectors of society. In the city of Balneário Camboriú, however, this process was characterized by the interpenetration of real estate interests and agents in different segments of social representation. KEY WORDS: Capitalist agents, urban planning, real estate capital, civil construction.

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Almeida, Priscila Cabral. "Processos de construção de lugares de memória da resistência em Salvador: projetos, disputas e assimetrias." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/24095.

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A luta política pela construção de memoriais associados à ditadura civil-militar brasileira (1964-1985) vem ganhando destaque na última década no Brasil a partir do entendimento de que a preservação, o financiamento e a manutenção destes lugares de memória são políticas de Estado, legitimados por instrumentos como o III Plano Nacional de Direitos Humanos (PNDH-3) e o Relatório Final da Comissão Nacional da Verdade (CNV). Os projetos e processos de construção dos lugares de memória da resistência são protagonizados por agentes situados no campo de disputas por memória, verdade e justiça, conformado pelo recente contexto de aprofundamento da justiça de transição no país. Partindo do pressuposto que a articulação destes agentes em busca da legitimação dos lugares de memória da resistência configura uma estratégia para inscrever fatos e histórias no imaginário social, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever como estes projetos e processos são marcados por disputas e assimetrias entre estes agentes, assim como nas suas interações com o poder reificado pelo Estado. Situada e relacional, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo caracterizar e analisar o papel dos atores, bem como as temporalidades, imagens e narrativas que estão em disputa nos processos de construção de memoriais em curso na cidade Salvador (Memorial da Resistência da Bahia, Casa Marighella e Forte do Barbalho), no período de 2011 a 2016.
The political struggle for the construction of memorials associated with the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985) gained prominence in the last decade from the understanding that the preservation, financing and maintenance of these sites of memory are state policies legitimized by instruments such as the Brazil’s 3rd Human Rights National Plan and the Final Report of the National Truth Commission. The building projects and processes of these sites of memory of the resistance are carried out by agents located in the field of disputes for memory, truth and justice, conformed by the recent context of deepening transitional justice in the country. Based on the assumption that the articulation of these agents in search of legitimation of the sites of memory of resistance constitutes a strategy to inscribe facts and stories in the social imaginary, this research aims to describe how these projects and processes are marked by disputes and asymmetries between these agents, as well as in their interactions with the power reified by the State. Situated and relational, this research aims to characterize and analyze the actors, as well as the temporalities, images and narratives that are in dispute in the processes of construction of memorials in progress in the city of Salvador (Bahia’s Resistance Memorial, Marighella’s House and Barbalho’s Fort), from 2011 to 2016.

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Cruz, Milton. "A representação de cidade e de planejamento urbano em Porto Alegre : estado, mercado e sociedade civil em disputa pela representação legítima." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/66296.

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Este é um estudo de caso de uma das grandes cidades brasileiras, Porto Alegre, cujas gestões municipais “apostaram”, desde o início do século XX, nas concepções e nos instrumentos de planejamento urbano para construir e organizar a ocupação e o uso do solo da cidade. Apesar disso, problemas urbanos típicos das cidades brasileiras, como a irregularidade fundiária, o déficit habitacional, a fragmentação social e a segregação urbana, cresceram e persistem até hoje. A investigação procura elementos que auxiliem a compreender porque o sistema de planejamento urbano, mesmo inovando com a introdução do planejamento participativo na elaboração do Plano Diretor e o próprio Orçamento Participativo (criados na década de 1990) – que descentralizaram as decisões na gestão local - se mostraram limitados para enfrentar este quadro. A pesquisa tem como compromisso ético contribuir para a construção de uma abordagem científica que questione as práticas dos órgãos estatais e as concepções de planejamento urbano e de cidade que se mostram incompatíveis com a construção de uma cidade que garanta a cidadania para todos e com o fortalecimento da sociedade civil. E, também, indicar possibilidades de construção de uma relação democrática entre o Estado, o mercado e uma sociedade civil que possa se expressar com autonomia em esferas públicas de debate sobre a cidade. O objeto de estudo são as representações dos atores-chave que interagem em espaços onde se debate e formula a política de planejamento urbano de Porto Alegre. A pesquisa analisa as representações destes atores visando responder como elas influenciam na sua ação e qual a sua repercussão no perfil que esta política assume. Utilizam-se as teorias da representação coletiva de Durkheim (2004) e da representação social de Moscovici (2003) como referências. A teoria geral da sociedade moderna e o conceito de sociedade civil contemporânea, de Habermas (1989, 1996) e Cohen-Arato (2001), permite analisar a ação social no contexto de emergência de novos atores e do surgimento de esferas públicas heterogêneas. Trata-se do tema cidade na sua relação com o processo de modernização da sociedade. O problema sociológico do estudo pode ser resumido na seguinte indagação: até que ponto as representações sociais sobre a cidade e o processo de planejamento urbano dos diversos atores que agem no espaço social de Porto Alegre influenciam nos resultados desta política pública? Entre as conclusões apresentam-se: o conceito de modernização que a pesquisa indicou como adequado para a análise empírica; como a sociedade civil questiona a representação de desenvolvimento social hegemônica no Brasil; as possibilidades de organização de um Sistema de Planejamento orientado para o desenvolvimento da sociedade civil; a importância das abordagens de Jacobs (2001) e de Harvey (1992) para a crítica do planejamento urbano, das ações governamentais e do mercado.
This is a case study of a Brazilian city, Porto Alegre, whose municipal administrations bet, since the early twentieth century, the concepts and tools of urban planning to build and organize the occupation and land use in the city. Nevertheless, urban problems typical of Brazilian cities, such as irregular land, the housing deficit, social fragmentation and urban segregation, grew up and still persist today. The research seeks to elements that help to understand why the urban planning system, even innovating with the introduction of participatory planning in the preparation of the Master Plan and the Participatory Budget itself (created in 1990) - that have decentralized local management decisions - proved limited to face this situation. The research is ethical commitment to contribute to the construction of a scientific approach that questions the practices of state agencies and the concepts of urban planning and city that show incompatible with building a city that guarantees citizenship to all and the development of civil society. And also indicate possibilities of building a democratic relationship between state, market and civil society can express itself with autonomy in public spheres whose theme is the city. The study object is the representation of the key actors that interact in spaces where debate and formulates policy for urban planning of the city. The research analyzes the representations of these actors in order to answer how they influence their actions and what is its impact on the profile that this policy takes. They use the theories of collective representation of Durkheim (2004) and the social representation of Moscovici (2003) as references. The general theory of modern society and the concept of contemporary society, Habermas (1989, 1996) and Cohen-Arato (2001), to analyze social action in the context of the emergence of new actors and public spheres heterogeneous. The theme of the city is investigated in relation with the modernization of society. The sociological problem of the study can be summarized in the following question: to what extent the social representations of the city and the urban planning process of the actors who act in the social space of Porto Alegre influence the outcome of this policy? Among the conclusions are presented: the concept of modernization that the survey indicated as suitable for empirical analysis, such as civil society questions the hegemonic representation of social development in Brazil, the possibilities of organizing a Planning System oriented development civil society, the importance of approaches to Jacobs (2001) and Harvey (1992) for a critique of urban planning, government actions and market.

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Deirmendjian, Élisabeth. "La stratégie d'anticipation procédurale en matière civile." Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0068/document.

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La stratégie d’anticipation procédurale en matière civile permet d’effectuer un choix approprié entre les différentes règles existantes en fonction du but poursuivi. L’anticipation du procès et la stratégie au cœur de l’action dessinent en creux le champ de la liberté individuelle laissée au justiciable dans le procès civil. En anticipant la survenance du litige ou en envisageant les modalités de résolution de ce dernier, la technique contractuelle fait de l’évitement du recours juridictionnel une stratégie d’anticipation. Une fois le litige né, le choix d’agir en justice suppose l’évaluation des chances de succès de l’action par rapport au résultat escompté. Seront parfois préférés les modes amiables de règlement des différends, voire le recours à un juge privé en la personne de l’arbitre. Mais si l’action est diligentée, le justiciable devra nécessairement soulever un certain nombre de questions nécessaires à l’élaboration de la stratégie qu’il retiendra pour son affaire. Pour réduire l’aléa judiciaire, plusieurs paramètres doivent être pris en compte tels que l’évolution du droit, de la jurisprudence, la réaction de l’adversaire ainsi que l’office du juge. L’efficacité de la stratégie d’anticipation varie selon le degré de prévisibilité de ces différents éléments qui forment l’objet de cette étude
The civil procedural assessment strategy allows for a proper choice between the various existing rules depending on the aim. The assessment of the trial and the strategy at the heart of the lawsuit sets aside the scope of individual liberty that the defendant is entitled to during the civil trial. During the assessment of the origin of the dispute or the consideration of the methods for resolving it, the contractual technique is a matter of avoiding judicial recourse as part of an assessment strategy. Once the litigation has been entered into, the choice of suing involves assessing the chance of success of the lawsuit compared to the expected result. Sometimes what is preferred is alternative dispute resolution methods, or even recourse to a private judge (arbitrator). But if a lawsuit is entered into, it will be necessary to provide the defendant with answers to a certain number of questions that are necessary for developing the strategy that he will use throughout the case. In order to reduce legal risk, several parameters must be taken into account, such as the current state of legislation, jurisprudence, and opponents’ responses as well as those of the Office of Justice. The effectiveness of the assessment strategy will vary depending on the degree of predictability of the different elements which form the subject of this study

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Civil disputes'

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