Academic literature on the topic 'Civil Constructional Corps (CCC)'

Washington State Route 20 (SR-20) in Northwest Washington passes through the Deception Pass State Park. The portion of SR-20 within the park was constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the mid-1930s. As part of this work, the CCC built a stone masonry bollard and log rail system to delineate the edge of the road and prevent early-model vehicles from leaving the roadway. Because of their age, quality of workmanship, and importance to the surroundings, the park's bridges and log rail are eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. Previous attempts to replace this rail with a crashworthy system were unsuccessful because of the concern that the aesthetic and historic integrity of the park be preserved. A new approach adopted by the Washington State Department of Transportation began with understanding the context of the highway and the concerns of the other stakeholders. In addition, the stakeholders were educated on the safety issues. As a result, a solution was developed and was acceptable to all. The primary solution involved the development of a new barrier that replicated the appearance of the original log rail. This barrier was crash tested in accordance with NCHRP Report 350 TL-2 criteria and is available for use at other locations at which an aesthetic barrier is desired.

In this study, three restricted cold-bending channel-angle buckling-restrained brace (CCA-BRB) specimens were experimentally characterised by a low-reversed cyclic loading test. Three specimens had steel cores with cruciform cross section. Two restraining units were assembled to form an external constraint member, each of which was composed of an equilateral cold-bending channel and two equilateral cold-bending angles via welding. A gap or a thin silica gel plate was set between the internal core and the external constraint member to form an unbonded layer. Several evaluation parameters on the seismic performance, hysteretic behaviour, and energy dissipation capability of the CCA-BRB was investigated, including hysteresis curve, skeleton curve, compression strength adjustment factor, measured and computed stiffness, energy dissipation coefficient, equivalent viscous damping ratio, ductility coefficient, and cumulative plastic deformation. The test results and evaluation indices demonstrated that the hysteretic performance of braces with a rigid connection was stable. A Ramberg–Osgood model and two model parameters were calibrated to predict, with fidelity, the skeleton curve of CCA-BRB under cyclic load. The initial elastic stiffness of the brace used in practice should contain overall portions of the brace instead of the yielding portion of the brace. Finally, all the tested CCA-BRBs exhibited a stable energy absorption performance and verified the specimens’ construction was rational.

A variational formulation of the Ritz method is used to establish an eigenvalue problem for the local buckling behavior of composite plates elastically restrained (R) along their four edges (the RRRR plates) and subjected to biaxial compression, and the explicit solution in terms of the rotational restraint stiffness (k) is presented. Based on the different boundary and loading conditions, the explicit local buckling solution for the rotationally restrained plates is simplified to several special cases (e.g. the SSSS, SSCC, CCSS, CCCC, SSRR, RRSS, CCRR, and RRCC plates) under biaxial compression (and further reduced to uniaxial compression) with a combination of simply-supported (S), clamped (C), and/or restrained (R) edge conditions. The deformation shape function is presented by using the unique harmonic functions in both the axes to account for the effect of elastic rotational restraint stiffness (k) along the four edges of the orthotropic plate. A parametric study is conducted to evaluate the influences of the loading ratio (α), the rotational restraint stiffness (k), the aspect ratio (γ), and the flexural-orthotropy parameters (α OR and β OR ) on the local buckling stress resultants of various rotationally restrained plates, and design plots with respect to these parameters are provided. The present explicit local buckling solution of the elastically restrained composite plates and the associated design plots can be employed to facilitate design analysis of composite structures (e.g. stiffened panels, thin-walled structures, and honeycomb cores).

PurposeA long-term collaborative public water infrastructure procurement contract in New Zealand adopts “Enterprise Alliance” delivery (strategy) with a Construction Consolidation Centre (CCC) (operational) logistics solution. New Zealand's unique spatial, market, regulatory and economic circumstances present a research gap pertaining to the sustainability impacts of the combinatory implementation. The paper suggests a literature review-based research framework for examining these.Design/methodology/approachSystematic literature review (SLR) discovers unique New Zealand attributes, and sustainability impacts of both the approaches overseas. Towards formulating a research framework, the paper discusses sustainability of construction and its New Zealand context, and research focus within the implemented model. Significant issues from SLR reveal Design, Logistics, Impacts and Spin-offs research domains. The paper suggests a research framework and examines an appropriate research design.FindingsCCC implementation under a programme alliance is without precedent in New Zealand. Variance of New Zealand's unique attributes from North American and European characteristics behind successful implementation are likely to impact domestic outcomes. A research framework to test this hypothesis will enable investigating the relevance of the concepts to New Zealand settings and provide a contextual implementation datum. Implementation benchmarks will potentially influence public policy and enrich indigenous knowledge corpus, potentially transferrable to associated domains (urban planning, transportation and energy).Originality/valueThe paper attempts to define a research direction in the domain of applying supply chain management principles to the New Zealand's construction sector by investigating the employment of a CCC in a collaborative environment as an infrastructure project delivery vehicle with sustainability leanings.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho busca avaliar a substituição parcial dos agregados do concreto, segundo material mais utilizado pelo homem, por materiais até então descartados (resíduos). Os resíduos propostos para tais substituições foram: a cinza gerada pela queima do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar (CBC), substituindo em 30% a areia e os resíduos da construção civil (RCC), substituindo em 30% a brita. Os resíduos foram escolhidos devido a sua granulometria semelhante aos materiais convencionais. Foram fabricados corpos de prova para 4 traços diferentes, sendo um traço referência que contém cimento, areia, brita e água, dois traços com substituições somente da CBC e outro somente com RCC e o traço mais significativo para a pesquisa contendo as duas substituições. Para a avaliação do desempenho dos traços, realizou-se ensaios para caracterização dos materiais, ensaios de resistência à compressão aos 7, 28 e 56 dias, resistência à tração por compressão diametral aos 28 dias e absorção de água aos 28 dias. Os resultados obtidos atestam a viabilidade das substituições, sendo que se obteve características muito próximas dos concretos com adição dos resíduos de CBC e RCC quando comparadas ao concreto convencional, resultando em um concreto de grande aceitabilidade por ser ambientalmente correto, economicamente viável e socialmente aceito.ABSTRACT: The present paper seeks to replace partially the aggregates of concrete, the second most used material, for materials that were wasted until then. The wastes proposed for the substitutions were: the ashes generated by the sugar cane bagasse burning, replacing in 30% the sand and the civil construction wastes, substituting the gravel in 30%. The wastes were chosen due to their similar granulometry to the conventional materials. Specimens were fabricated to four different recipes of concrete, being the reference only with the conventional materials, two of them with isolated substitutions and the recipe of concrete more significant to the research which contains both replacements. For the evaluation of concrete performance, trials were performed for materials characterization, compression resistance at day 7, 28 and 56 of the experience, resistance to diametral traction at day 28 and water absorption at day 28. The results attest the viability of the substitutions, provided that similar features were obtained when compared to traditional concrete, resulting in a concrete with acceptability for being environmentally correct, economically viable and socially accepted.

Far North Queensland covers an area in the tropics that extends roughly from Cardwell on Australia's east coast to the tip of Cape York Peninsula. The city of Cairns is its administrative centre. Europeans first began moving into the inland parts of this reeion in the 1860s but the mountains and tablelands along the eastern hinterland were clothed in thick, tropical rainforest that defied efforts to develop transport routes between inland settlements and potential ports along the east coast. Colonisation could not have occurred without the provision of roads, and colonial and state governments played a leading role in this, driven by the demands of settlers who were both road builders and users.

This thesis demonstrates the significance of roads in the development of Far North Queensland from the 1860s to the 1960s. Within the context of the overall pioneer project of which road construction was a key part, it examines the leading role played by government, the technological advances that influenced the development of a road network, the contribution of people who worked on road construction, and the demands of road users that influenced their location and the rate of construction. It posits that the process of developing a road network contributed to the formation of a 'pioneer legend' in Far North Queensland, which had its origins in geographical remoteness and a challenging physical environment.