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Herron, Murray, David S. Jones, Phillip B. Roös, and Zaheer Allam. "Creating Revenue Out Of Green Waste: New Perspectives For Municipal Organic Waste Harvesting In Geelong, Australia." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 14, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2020-182.
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The diversion and recovery of organic waste are one of the most significant opportunities and challenges for reducing the environmental impacts of waste disposal internationally, as recognised by the United Nations’ SDG 12 that seeks to “ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns”. This issue is particularly pertinent to developed countries, like Australia, who have a high propensity for waste removal arising from their industrial and domestic use of products, materials and organic consumables. Through the use of GIS technology, using modelling software developed by the Global Methane Initiative, a series of simulations were undertaken to determine the viability of an anaerobic digester for the City of Greater Geelong (COGG), located in the State of Victoria (Australia), where organic materials constitute over 25% of all waste land-filled. Using only municipal organic waste, the modelling concluded that the COGG would generate between AU$6M-AU$11M/annum from the sale of biogas/methane. In addition to this revenue stream, COGG would have an Annual Projected Net Emissions Reductions of 3797 Mt. This paper further considers the development of a geospatial database to identify and locate concentrated organic waste resources in COGG, the design and development of a software tool to help quantify the production of food waste, and the development of an economic model to value the organic waste stream of COGG arising from the implementation of this proposal.
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Alexander, Simone, and David Mercer. "Internal Migration in Victoria, Australia—Testing the ‘Sponge City’ Model." Urban Policy and Research 25, no. 2 (May 31, 2007): 229–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111140701344841.
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Vincent, Ellory, Maxwell Hartt, Gina Fung, and Laura Smith. "Good Planning or Good Intentions." Canadian Planning and Policy / Aménagement et politique au Canada 2022 (June 30, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/cppapc.v2022i1.15291.
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Cities across Canada are aging—fast. As the “baby boom” generation enters older adulthood, cities are facing a dramatic demographic shift. However, it is unclear whether cities in Canada are prepared to meet the needs of the growing older adult population. Through the case study of one of Canada’s demographically oldest cities, Victoria, BC, we assess the age-friendliness of local plans and policies. Specifically, we conduct a plan evaluation content analysis to assess the city’s Official Community Plan and supporting statutory plans to determine whether the city is truly planning for an age-friendly environment. We find that while the city is aware of the aging population, it fails to explicitly mention or provide targeted policies for older adults in its planning documents. We unpack the practical challenges of planning for an aging population and provide targeted recommendations for municipalities to incorporate age-friendly elements within their statutory plans.
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Kumandang, Enggal Muluk, and Dwiana Novianti Tufail. "Planning Pedestrian Paths for Trade and Service Areas of Balikpapan City with the Walkability Concept." PENA TEKNIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik 7, no. 2 (September 13, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51557/pt_jiit.v7i2.1281.
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Corridor of the commercial area of Jalan MT. Haryono Balikpapan City specifically from the MT. Haryono Bridge to the Traffic Light Beruang Madu Monument has the characteristics of high mobility by motorized vehicles. Under these conditions, efforts are needed to encourage non-motorized movements. One of the efforts that have been made in the provision of pedestrian paths in the trade and service area. However, the lane has several problems, such as damaged sidewalks, motorized vehicles that often park around the sidewalks, and there are no guiding blocks for disabled users. Therefore, this study aims to plan a pedestrian path in the commercial area in the corridor of Jalan MT. Haryono uses the concept of walkability. This research uses walkability suitability analysis, community satisfaction level analysis, and Photo Mapping analysis. The results of the suitability analysis showed that segment 1 of the research area was not following the walkability and it was necessary to improve the pedestrian path infrastructure and add supporting facilities such as chairs, trash cans, CCTV, and shade plants, to guide blocks. While in segment 2, almost all of the variables are appropriate and require maintenance of several pedestrian path facilities. In the analysis of the level of community satisfaction using the Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis, the planning priorities of the 4 walkability indicators are obtained. The results of this analysis show that segment 1 requires planning for the development of safety and comfort indicators, while segment 2 requires planning related to the development of safety and beauty indicators. The results of Photo Mapping show that it is necessary to add road barrier facilities, guiding blocks, parking ban signs, resting chairs, green lanes, repairing pedestrian lane infrastructure, and improving zebra crossing in segment 1. Segment 2 requires additional parking ban markers, speed bumps, chairs, trash cans, green paths, and care for weeds growing along the walkways
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Son, Jeong-Min, Jeong-Hee Eum, Dong-Pil Kim, and Jino Kwon. "Management Strategies of Thermal Environment in Urban Area Using the Cooling Function of the Mountains: A Case Study of the Honam Jeongmaek Areas in South Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2018): 4691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124691.
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The aim of this study is to suggest planning strategies for managing comfortable thermal environments in urban areas by local cold air generated in mountains, which finally contributes to making sustainable and eco-friendly cities. For this purpose, we selected urban areas in the Honam Jeongmaek in Korea and analyzed the nighttime cold airflow and altitude of the cold air layer generated in mountains, by using the KALM (Kaltluftabflussmodell) model which calculates the amount of cold air generated during the nighttime without winds. The results of analysis found that the local airflows generated in Mt. Chuwol, Mt. Mudeung, Mt. Cheonun, Mt. Byeongpung and Mt. Geum influenced the entire study site from across Gwangju Metropolitan City to adjacent areas. Therefore, the mountains generated major cold airflows should be designated as the management area for securing cooling function. As a result of detailed analysis, most developed areas, such as Buk-gu, Seo-gu and Nam-gu, as well as industrial areas, did not have a smooth flow, so management strategies were needed. In particular, Mt. Mudeung and Mt. Cheonun were the source areas of the local cold air generation and the generated flows from the mountains could influence into developed areas of Gwangju Metropolitan City. Thus, thorough preservation policies are required for Mt. Mudeung and Mt. Cheonun from development that causes damages to mountainous terrain and topography. This study could support the establishment of systematic management plans of the Honam Jeongmaek in preparation for climate change. In addition, it is expected to be used to develop policies related to the quantitative expansion of mountain areas with cooling functions and the conservation of sustainable mountain areas.
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Winters, Meghan, Jaimy Fischer, Trisalyn Nelson, Daniel Fuller, and David G. T. Whitehurst. "Equity in Spatial Access to Bicycling Infrastructure in Mid-Sized Canadian Cities." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 36 (August 12, 2018): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118791630.
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The impacts of active transportation planning on equity are often overlooked, potentially leading to disparities in who receives benefits of infrastructure investment. This study examined income inequalities in spatial access to bicycling infrastructure in three mid-sized Canadian cities: Victoria and Kelowna (British Columbia), and Halifax (Nova Scotia), using non-spatial and spatial methods. We compiled municipal bicycling infrastructure data and calculated access to bicycling infrastructure (m/km2) for dissemination areas (DAs) within each city. We analyzed trends in access across median household income quintiles, and characterized spatial patterns using a local measure of spatial autocorrelation. DAs in Kelowna ( n = 168) had the greatest access to infrastructure (median infrastructure = 2,915 m/km2), followed by Victoria ( n = 386 DAs; median = 2,157 m/km2), and Halifax ( n = 312 DAs; median = 0 m/km2). Lower income areas in Victoria and Kelowna had greater access to infrastructure compared with higher income areas. The majority of DAs in Halifax had no infrastructure (59%), consistent across income quintiles. Spatial pattern analysis identified clusters of low income areas with poor access in each city, which may be targets for strategic, equitable investment. Although in many cities bicycling infrastructure planning is not driven by equity considerations, there is increasing political pressure to ensure equitable access to safe bicycling. Measuring and mapping trends in access to transportation resources from an equity perspective are requisite steps in the pathway toward healthy, sustainable cities for all.
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Heo, Hyuncheol, Inhea Kim, Eun Ju Jo, Keun Young Huh, and Jonghoon Park. "Analysis on Residents Recognition and Preference for Planning a Natural Recreation Forest Near City - Focused on Planning Mt. Wora Natural Recreation Forest in Jinju City -." Journal of Korean Society for People Plants and Environment 19, no. 6 (December 31, 2016): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11628/ksppe.2016.19.6.639.
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Paul, Koushik, Amit Dutta, and Akhouri Pramod Krishna. "Using GIS to Locate Waste Bins: a Case Study on Kolkata City, India." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2017_1/10.
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Environmentally acceptable management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has become a challenge due to limited resources, increasing population and rapid urbanization. Kolkata city, with an area of 187.33 km2 and a population of about 10 million (including a floating population of about 6 million), generates about 3,500 MT of solid waste per day. Daily disposal rate of solid waste at Dhapa exceeds 3,000 MT d-1 while at Garden Reach the disposal is 100-150 MT d-1. Conservancy staff collects waste from households and streets and dumps them at skips/MS containers (55%) or at open vats (45%). Collected waste is transported directly to disposal ground at Dhapa by KMC departmental vehicles and KMC-hired vehicles. Lack of proper planning and inadequate data regarding solid waste generation and collection compound the solid waste management problem. GIS as a tool can recognise, correlate and analyse relationship between spatial and non-spatial data- it can thus be used as a decision support tool for efficient management of the different functional elements solid waste e.g. bin location, number of bins required, waste transportation, generating work schedules for workers and vehicles. This study examines GIS application in assisting locational analysis of waste bins in Kolkata and optimise the overall solid waste collection process.
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Wilks, Judith, and Julie Rudner. "A Voice for Children and Young People in the City." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 29, no. 1 (July 2013): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aee.2013.12.
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AbstractA major challenge for researchers and urban planning practitioners is how to obtain meaningful and influential contributions on urban and environmental planning activities from children and young people within the constraints of adult policy and practice. The key elements of this challenge concern traditional methods of communication between ‘experts’ and children and young people in rationalist planning settings, versus emerging research in relation to children's and young people's views and agency around civic participation. This article will address the work of a number of researchers and practitioners who have grappled with the inherent tenions of making planning practice and urban design more inclusionary, while facilitating and respecting children and young people's civic participation. This article also advocates the advantages and strengths of their participation in planning and urban design processes.With a focus on two exploratory programs developed by the authors in the Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria, this article will demonstrate how the sharing of knowledge and skills between planning and design professionals and children and young people can lead to more meaningful and influential contributions from them. The programs examined were informed by leading practice both in Australia and internationally, and have assisted to develop children and young people's sense of spatial competence, and their confidence and efficacy in their local environment, contributing ultimately to their wellbeing. They have also supported the establishment of youth leadership groups with the confidence and skills to contribute to ongoing local government urban and environmental planning activities.
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Kinuthia-Njenga, Cecilia, and Charles Ndungu. "Addressing The Hiv/Aids and Urban Development Nexus in the Lake Victoria Region." Open House International 33, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2008-b0003.
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UN-HABITAT's experiences in the Lake Victoria region and Sub-Saharan Africa show that the underlying causes of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its consequences on urban development must be urgently and comprehensively addressed. The epidemic affects all sectors of urban development, including housing, transportation, water, and access to health services. Development agencies, whose mission is urban development, have thus started to recognise that achieving their objectives is difficult without addressing and mitigating the impact of the epidemic. A comprehensive policy and programming is required to mitigate both the spread and the effects of the epidemic. Consequently, UN-HABITAT, working with partners and city authorities around Lake Victoria, has embarked on an HIV/AIDS mainstreaming strategy in its Slum Upgrading and Poverty Reduction programme. Related activities and lessons are presented.
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VENDRAMINI, William James, Sandra Mara Alves da Silva NEVES, Jesã Pereira KREITLOW, Edinéia Aparecida dos Santos GALVANIN, and João Santos Vila da SILVA. "MAPPING AND VEGETATION COVER INDEX FROM CÁCERES CITY, MATO GROSSO STATE (MT), BRAZIL." GEOGRAFIA 42, no. 3 (March 8, 2018): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5016/geografia.v42i3.13093.
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Analyzing the urban space related to its own growth allows to identify the identification of the dynamics of the natural elements and the way the intensified anthropic action shapes and at the same time degrades the landscape, which in the present study is the Pantanal biome. The objective of this study is to use high resolution images and vegetation cover indexes to analyze the urban expansion of Cáceres/MT, and to generate financial support for municipal planning and management. For the execution of this research, remote sensing images and a Geographic Information System (GIS) were used, as well as demographic census data. The urban expansion contributed to the removal of 19.62% of the vegetation and to the increase of 15.28% of anthropic use. The Caceres Vegetation Cover Index is high, with vegetation percentages above 30% occurring in 74.42% of the neighborhoods. From the date of the study on the Index of Vegetation Cover for Inhabitant (ICVH) decreased by 37.20%, remained at 32.55% and increased by 30.25%. It was concluded that an increase in the use of urban space contributed to the reduction of vegetation, as well as the decrease of the population associated to the vegetation of the neighborhoods influenced on the decrease of the ICVH
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Neto, Aristoteles Teobaldo, and Margarete Cristiane De Costa Trindade Amorim. "SPATIOTEMPORAL EVALUATION OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN URBAN SPACES IN BRAZIL: A PROPOSAL CONSIDERING THE CITY OF CUIABÁ, MT, BRAZIL." Raega - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise 53 (December 6, 2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/raega.v53i0.79867.
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Risk has become an imperative in modern society, but the effects thereof are unequal in a class-based society marked by profound inequalities. Which, where and how many are the social groups most likely to suffer damage in the face of a hazardous event of any kind? What are the variables that most determine social vulnerability? To answer such questions, the main objective of this study was to adapt the SoVI (Social Vulnerability Index)® to spatiotemporally evaluate social vulnerability in Brazilian urban spaces. The proposed method was first applied in the city of Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. The results showed that social vulnerability in Cuiabá-MT is defined, in order of relevance, by the occurrence of low income; black/pardo population; education deficiency; low life expectancy, and children in the household. About 42.3% of the studied population are living in sectors with a high Urban SVI. The geography of social vulnerability in Cuiabá has a strong peripheral feature. The fact that the database used covers the entire Brazilian territory with data collected on a ten-year periodicity makes the proposed method feasible to be applied in urban areas of the whole country, favoring comparative spatial and temporal analyses. From a Latin American perspective, the present study intends to contribute to the international scientific debate on the reduction of risks, disasters and vulnerabilities.
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Dosh, Paul, and Julia Smith Coyoli. "Lessons from the Left in Lima: Susana Villarán and the Fleeting Return of Progressive Politics to City Hall." Latin American Perspectives 46, no. 1 (October 4, 2018): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x18803877.
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Amid a rightward shift in Latin America, how can the left gain ground in cities characterized by entrenched neoliberalism? The case of Susana Villarán, the progressive mayor who led Lima, Peru, from 2011 to 2014, illustrates the uphill battle facing the left. Villarán’s surprise election put a leftist in City Hall for the first time in 25 years. She confronted unrelenting opposition but defied expectations and beat back a recall election only to face a punishing defeat in her reelection bid. Weak policy-making capacity and a lack of party machinery forced her to expend all her political capital on the recall battle, leaving her with nothing to secure reelection. Her trajectory suggests an important lesson for progressives in cities where the left is weak: a headline-grabbing win by an individual leftist is no substitute for a robust left base. Absent the latter, simply electing a progressive mayor is likely to prove a fleeting victory. En medio de un movimiento hacia la derecha en América Latina, ¿cómo puede la izquierda ganar terreno en ciudades caracterizadas por un neoliberalismo atrincherado? El caso de Susana Villarán, la alcaldesa progresista que gobernó Lima, Perú, de 2011 a 2014, ilustra la batalla cuesta arriba que enfrenta la izquierda. La sorprendente victoria electoral de Villarán logró colocar a alguien de la izquierda en la alcaldía por primera vez en 25 años. Ella se enfrentó a una oposición implacable, pero desafió las expectativas y ganó una revocatoria solo para enfrentar una derrota contundente en su intento por la reelección. Dado la poca capacidad para crear políticas públicas y la ausencia de una maquinaria electoral partidista, se vio forzada a gastar todo su capital político en la batalla por la revocatoria, lo cual la dejó sin recursos para conseguir la reelección. Su trayectoria presenta una lección importante para los progresistas en ciudades donde la izquierda es débil: una victoria llamativa por parte de un individuo de la izquierda no funge como substituto para una base robusta de la izquierda. Lo anterior sugiere que cuando esta base se encuentra ausente, es probable que el simple acto de elegir un alcalde progresista sea una victoria efímera.
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Deokar, Gaurav N. "Analysis for need of Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) facilities in Khamgaon city." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 1108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37557.
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Abstract: In our day to day life we have seen the emission from transport sector is increasing. Along with carbon emissions, the transport sector is also responsible for road congestion, local air pollution, noise and accidents. In urban areas, the share of both public transport and NMT has been decreasing, resulting in increasing negative impacts. Therefore development of NMT in the cities is very important. NMT comprises of walking, Cycling, wheel chair travel and small wheeled transport etc. This transport facilities fulfill transportation as well as recreational objectives as these are ecofriendly modes. Previous planning only focus on movement of MT and there is no planning for NMT but the scenario is most of the short trips upto 5km in our country are carried out by walking and cycling.. NMT promotes health as well as social equality and is free from pollution which makes it ecofriendly. NMT are affordable to all classes which maintains social equality among citizens. Present Indian scenario shows undermining of importance and safety of NMVs in Indian cities. In India it should be taken seriously to priorities the use of NMT and focus on implementation of this facilities, maintenance and operation of this system. The governments should run the programs to encourage the people to move towards the use of NMT. This study aims to determine the need of NMT facilities within the city and people views regarding existing traffic conditions along main streets within the city. The city is divided in different parts as per wards and quessionnaire survey is carried out to know people views. The overall study shows the need for the provision of NMT facilities like footpaths, cycle ways, croos points at main streets within the city. Keywords: NMT- Non Motorised Transport, NMV- Non Motorised Vehicles, MT- Motorised Transport
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Doren, Wihelmus Kopong, Tadeus A. L. Regaletha, and Dominirsep O. Dodo. "Evaluasi Program Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Pemulihan (PMT-P) terhadap Status Gizi Buruk Balita di Puskesmas Oepoi Kota Kupang." Lontar : Journal of Community Health 1, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/ljch.v1i3.2176.
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Toddlers are the group most vulnerable to experiencing nutritional problems, especially malnutrition problems such as thin, short, and malnutrition. Malnutrition in children also affects the cognitive abilities and intelligence of children. Malnutrition casse always found in the Oepoi Health Center from 2016-2018. In 2016 there were 124 people, in 2017 there were 88 people and in 2018 there were 46 people. The program to reduce malnutrition, namely PMT-P, nutritional supplementation in the form of food additives in the form of biscuits with special formulations and fortified with vitamins and minerals given to infants and toddlers aged 6-59 months with thin category. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of supplementary feeding programs for the recovery of the nutritional status of children under five in the working area of Kupang City Oepoi Health Center in terms of Input, Process and Output aspects. This type of research is descriptive with 6 research informants. The results showed that: input for the number of malnutrition workers, Puskesmas needed 1 community health worker, lack of equipment in the laboratory section had to ask for procurement from the City or Provincial Health Office and funds for MT distribution were not yet available, the planning process was good but the implementation was good from distribution, monitoring and recording / reporting, there are still problems with monitoring because it is found that there are other family members eating MT packages, the outputs are not on target and the program coverage also has not reached the specified performance indicators. Suggestions for the government of the City of Kupang, especially the Health Office of the City of Kupang to provide facilities and infrastructure that is lacking at the health center, while for the Oepoi Community Health Center should provide counseling about the importance of PMT-P so that the MT given on target.
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Kim, Jae Min. "Report: A Study of Tourist Demand and Accommodation in the Mt Paekdusan/Changbaishan Area." Tourism Economics 6, no. 1 (March 2000): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101297488.
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This study is an attempt to calculate the short- and long-term demand for tourist accommodation facilities at Mt Paekdusan/Changbaishan, located at the border of Korea and China, which is becoming a popular international tourist destination in Northeastern Asia. In light of the rapidly increasing demand, substantial accommodation facilities are required at Mt Paekdusan/Changbaishan. This paper suggests a method for calculating the optimum number of guest rooms at Hwapyung resort, World Peace City and Song Kang resort. There are two major objectives: first, to estimate the demand of tourists in the Paekdusan/Changbaishan area and to forecast the short- and long-term demand; and, second, to calculate the numbers of tourist accommodation rooms required based on the supply and demand and assumptions.
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Morrison, Tessa, and Mark Rubin. "DO UTOPIAN CITY DESIGNS FROM THE SOCIAL REFORM LITERATURE OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES RESONATE WITH A MODERN AUDIENCE?" Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 1 (April 6, 2016): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1163244.
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Utopian cities from social reform literature from the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries were a serious attempt to improve living and working conditions of their time. Some of this literature included a design for a city that would be complimentary to and enhance the political philosophy of the respective authors. Four of the most famous works which include a plan of a city are, Tommaso Campanella’s Civitas Solis (City of the Sun) (1602), Johann Valentin Andreae’s Christianopolis (1619), Robert Owen’s Villages of Co-operation (1817 & 1830) and James Silk Buckingham’s Victoria (1849). These works are frequently featured in literature on utopian cities. However, no consideration is given to whether these ‘utopian’ cities have any value as urban plans or whether they incorporate any desirable urban features. These urban designs of the city are significant to political philosophies because the cities are presented as being integral to such philosophies. This paper considers the following questions: ‘Do the main principles behind the initial political philosophies and their coinciding plan endure within the design of these cities?’ ‘Does a modern audience perceive in these cities the features that made them utopian in the centuries in which they were planned?’
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Jerry, Robert. "Managing Hurricane (And Other Natural Disaster) Risk." Texas A&M Law Review 6, no. 2 (January 2019): 391–452. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v6.i2.3.
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With the data showing that hurricanes are the most likely and serious of all of these disasters, we return to Hurricane Harvey. No one living in Texas—especially in the cities of Houston, Port Arthur, Bridge City, Rockport, Wharton, Conroe, Port Aransas, and Victoria, or more generally in the counties of Harris, Aransas, Nueces, Jefferson, Orange, Victoria, Calhoun, Matagorda, Brazoria, Galveston, Fort Bend, Montgomery, and Wharton—needs to be told that the U.S. needs a better approach to managing hurricane and other natural disaster risk, both in terms of pre-disaster planning and post-disaster recovery. Texans are not alone, as survivors of Hurricanes Katrina, Sandy, Irma, Maria, Florence, Michael, and others will be quick to agree. This Article primarily examines hurricane risk through the optic of insurance, but, as the discussion will show, a much larger lens is needed if we are to have a chance of improving our management of this enormous, and growing, problem.
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Banadda, E. N., F. Kansiime, M. Kigobe, M. Kizza, and I. Nhapi. "Landuse-based nonpoint source pollution: a threat to water quality in Murchison Bay, Uganda." Water Policy 11, S1 (March 1, 2009): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.106.
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Murchison Bay in Lake Victoria is the main water source for Kampala City (Uganda) but is also the recipient for the wastewater discharged from the city. The objective of this paper is to trace the main landuse-based pollution sources within Kampala City borders and around Murchison Bay as a means to develop methods and systems to protect and preserve the aquatic environment and, from the lessons learned, to highlight what is considered to be an appropriate and sustainable approach for Uganda. This paper shows that Uganda needs to set realistic local standards, offer affordable services, set time frameworks, streamline politics, nurture and develop institutions, divide institutional responsibilities, educate her people and learn from the success stories to reverse the negative impacts on the water quality in Murchison Bay.
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Zhang, Lijun, Caiyun Kou, Ji Zheng, and Yu Li. "Decoupling Analysis of CO2 Emissions in Transportation Sector from Economic Growth during 1995–2015 for Six Cities in Hebei, China." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 4149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114149.
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The transport sector is one of the most important and potential sectors to achieve low-carbon development in China. As economic growth is desirable, but high-level traffic CO2 emissions are not. This paper estimated the on-road traffic CO2 emissions and investigated the decoupling states of traffic CO2 emissions from economic growth for six cities in Hebei province from 1995 to 2015. In 2015, the on-road traffic CO2 emissions were ranked, as follows: Tangshan (4.75 Mt) > Handan (3.38 Mt) > Baoding (1.38 Mt) > Zhangjiakou (1.05 Mt) > Langfang (1.01 Mt) > Chengde (0.46 Mt). Two turning points of traffic CO2 emissions during the study period were found. From 2008 to 2013, the traffic CO2 emissions increased more rapidly than before. After 2013, the traffic CO2 emissions of three cities (Baoding, Handan and Chengde) began to decrease, and the traffic CO2 emissions’ growth rates of the other three cities (Zhangjiakou, Langfang and Tangshan) became lower than before. The decoupling states during 1996–2015 can be divided into four phases: decoupling-coupling concurrence stage (1996–2000), decoupling dominant stage (2001–2008), coupling dominant stage (2009–2013), and improvement stage (2014–2015). Chengde and Baoding were identified due to their good local practice on decoupling CO2 emissions in transport sector from economic growth. These results will enrich the greenhouse gas inventory of China at city level and provide scientific support to achieve the mitigation of CO2 emissions in the transport sector.
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Goda, Katsuichiro, and Andrei Sharipov. "Fault-Source-Based Probabilistic Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis for Victoria, British Columbia, Canada: A Case of the Leech River Valley Fault and Devil’s Mountain Fault System." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031440.
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This study develops a fault-source-based seismic hazard model for the Leech River Valley Fault (LRVF) and the Devil’s Mountain Fault (DMF) in southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. These faults pose significant risks to the provincial capital, Victoria, due to their proximity and potentially large earthquake magnitudes. To evaluate the effects of including these faults in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and city-wide seismic loss estimation for Victoria, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted by considering different fault rupture patterns and different earthquake magnitude models, as well as variations in their parameters. The aim is to assess the relative contributions of the LRVF-DMF system to the overall seismic hazard and risk in Victoria at different return periods. The consideration of the LRVF-DMF system as a potential seismic source increases the seismic risk assessment results by 10 to 30%, especially at the high return period levels. The sensitivity analysis results highlight the importance of determining the slip rate for the fault deformation zone and of specifying the earthquake magnitude models (e.g., characteristic versus truncated exponential models). From urban seismic risk management perspectives, these nearby faults should be considered critical earthquake scenarios.
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Atazadeh, Ehsan, Andrew Barton, and Jafar Razeghi. "Importance of environmental flows in the Wimmera catchment, Southeast Australia." Limnological Review 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0018.
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Abstract In this paper the environment, climate, vegetation, indigenous and European settlement history, stream flow patterns, water quality and water resources development in western Victoria, Australia are studied. The last part of the paper focuses on the MacKenzie River, a tributary of the Wimmera River located on the northern slopes of the Grampians Ranges in western Victoria, Australia. Water release along the MacKenzie River was regulated to improve water quality, stream condition and river health especially in the downstream reaches. The upstream section tends to receive water most days of the year due to releases to secure the requirements of water supply for the city of Horsham and its recreational and conservation values, which is diverted into Mt Zero Channel. Below this the middle and downstream sections receive a more intermittent supply. Annually, a total of 10,000 dam3 of water is released from Wartook Reservoir into the MacKenzie River. Of this volume, only about 4,000 dam3 was released explicitly for environmental purposes. The remaining 6,000 dam3 was released to meet consumptive demands and to transfer water to downstream reservoirs. The empirical data and models showed the lower reaches of the river to be in poor condition under low flows, but this condition improved under flows of 35 dam3 per day, as indicated. The results are presented to tailor discharge and duration of the river flows by amalgamation of consumptive and environmental flows to improve the condition of the stream, thereby supplementing the flows dedicated to environmental outcomes. Ultimately the findings can be used by management to configure consumptive flows that would enhance the ecological condition of the MacKenzie River.
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Shahzad, Naeem, Xiaoli Ding, Songbo Wu, and Hongyu Liang. "Ground Deformation and Its Causes in Abbottabad City, Pakistan from Sentinel-1A Data and MT-InSAR." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 3442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203442.
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Land subsidence, as one of the engineering geological problems in the world, is generally caused by compression of unconsolidated strata due to natural or anthropogenic activities. We employed interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) as a multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (MT-InSAR) technique on ascending and descending Sentinel-1A the terrain observation with progressive scans SAR (TOPSAR) images acquired between January 2015 and December 2018 to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution and cause of subsidence in Abbottabad City of Pakistan. The line of sight (LOS) average deformation velocities along ascending and descending orbits were decomposed into vertical velocity fields and compared with geological data, ground water pumping schemes, and precipitation data. The decomposed and averaged vertical velocity results showed significant subsidence in most of the urban areas in the city. The most severe subsidence was observed close to old Karakorum highway, where the subsidence rate varied up to −6.5 cm/year. The subsidence bowl profiles along W–E and S–N transects showed a relationship with the locations of some water pumping stations. The monitored LOS time series histories along an ascending orbit showed a close correlation with the rainfall during the investigation period. Comparative analysis of this uneven prominent subsidence with geological and precipitation data reflected that the subsidence in the Abbottabad city was mainly related to anthropogenic activities, overexploitation of water, and consolidation of soil layer. The study represents the first ever evidence of land subsidence and its causes in the region that will support the local government as well as decision and policy makers for better planning to overcome problems of overflowing drains, sewage system, littered roads/streets, and sinking land in the city.
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Leshinsky, Rebecca. "Touching on transparency in city local law making." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 8, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-01-2016-0001.
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Purpose The purpose for this paper is to share jurisdictional knowledge on local law-making theory and praxis, an area of law not well represented in the literature despite its involvement in day-to-day life. Design/methodology/approach The paper not only shares knowledge about the local law-making process in Melbourne, Australia, but also explores attitudes to local law-making gathered through semi-structured interviews from a sample of relevant stakeholders. Findings The paper reports on findings from a study undertaken in Melbourne, Australia. Stakeholder perceptions and attitudes were canvassed regarding local law-making in the areas of land use planning and waste management. Overall, stakeholders were satisfied that Melbourne is a robust jurisdiction offering a fair and transparent local law-making system, but they see scope for more public participation. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest that even though the state of Victoria offers a fair and transparent system of local law-making, there is still significant scope for more meaningful involvement from the community, as well as space for more effective enforcement of local laws. The stage is set for greater cross-jurisdictional reciprocal learning about local law-making between cities. Originality/value This paper offers meaningful and utilitarian insight for policy and law makers, academics and built environment professionals from relevant stakeholders on the operation and transparency of local law-making.
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de Groot, Mirjam, and Riyan van den Born. "Humans, Nature and God: Exploring Images of Their Interrelationships in Victoria, Canada." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 11, no. 3 (2007): 324–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853507x230582.
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AbstractThis study explores visions of nature among five populations in Victoria, a small city in British Columbia, Canada: Christians, Muslims, Native Americans, Buddhists, and secularists. Each group was asked to express their view of the human relationships with nature based upon four approaches: mastery over nature, stewardship in regard to the creation, a partner, or a participant in the processes of nature. The first model, in which humans wield hierarchical power and mastery over nature, was rejected by all groups. Christians and Muslims adhered to the stewardship image of the human/nature relationship, while Buddhists and Native Americans considered themselves to be participants in nature. The secularists made combinations of the approaches to exemplify their view. Twenty-seven individuals participated in extensive interviews as part of this study, which also included a small scale written survey of fifty-three persons.
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Wolfe, Jeanne M. "Montreal's golden age." Urban History 29, no. 3 (December 2002): 410–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392680200305x.
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Between the mid-nineteenth century and the Great Depression of the twentieth, Montreal was transformed from a small colonial town into Canada's leading metropolis. Waterworks, telephone, gas and electrical systems were laid, the Lachine canal was widened and deepened, and the port installations completely rebuilt and greatly expanded. The Victoria Bridge crossing the mighty St Lawrence River was completed in 1860 and the transcontinental railways spanned the nation by the late 1880s, which opened up the west and created new markets. People flocked into the city from the countryside to work in the burgeoning industries, to be joined by ever increasing numbers of immigrants.
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Evans, Harriet. "Tartar City Woman. By Trevor Hay. [Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press, 1990. 181 pp. $24.95. ISBN 0 522 84434 0.]." China Quarterly 132 (December 1992): 1204–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000045859.
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Widiyanti, Dwi. "PERENCANAAN DESAIN FASILITAS PEJALAN KAKI DI KAWASAN PERKOTAAN DI KOTA MALANG." Jurnal Penelitian Transportasi Darat 18, no. 2 (April 10, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/jptd.v18i2.115.
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ABSTRACTThe City of Malang is one of the cities with the level of traffic disruption that is large enough for daily activities since the population density is quite high. Humane urban environment is a friendly urban environment for pedestrians who have the size and dimensions based on a human scale. Such attempts can be done through the development of a pedestrian area and the provision of adequate pedestrian facilities in urban areas, especially in the downtown area. This study aims to determine and identify pedestrian facilities, determine the needs of pedestrian facilities planning and design of pedestrian facilities. Methods of data collection in this study are road inventory survey, calculation of the traffic volume and pedestrian survey. The analysis method using in this research is the analysis of the characteristics of pedestrians. The results of this study showed that pedestrian facilities in Trunoyo street, Malang city has required for a service level C since the value of the pedestrian space is 3.36 m² per person and MT. Haryono street has a value of 3.30 m² space walkers per person. In terms of the facilities provided for pedestrians, street of Trunojoyo and MT. Haryono still inadequate. Based on data analysis, Trunojoyo street has a value of average PV² highest for 2.1 x 108 and MT. Haryono street has a value of 1.3 x 108. From the result of the data analysis and discussion the construction of pedestrian facilities need to be done in order to increase the safety level of pedestrian and based on the calculation results of the PV² Trunojoyo street and MT. Haryono street are needed to be provided with zebra cross.ABSTRAKKota Malang merupakan salah satu kota dengan tingkat gangguan lalu lintas yang cukup besar karena merupakan salah satu kota dengan aktivitas harian dan tingkat kepadatan penduduk cukup tinggi. Lingkungan perkotaan yang manusiawi adalah lingkungan perkotaan yang ramah bagi pejalan kaki yang mempunyai ukuran dan dimensi berdasarkan skala manusia. Upaya ke arah itu dapat dilakukan melalui pengembangan kawasan pejalan kaki serta penyediaan fasilitas pejalan kaki yang memadai di kawasan perkotaan, terutama di kawasan pusat kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi fasilitas pejalan kaki, menentukan kebutuhan fasilitas pejalan kaki dan perencanaan desain fasilitas pejalan kaki. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah survei inventarisasi jalan, survei perhitungan volume lalu lintas dan survei pejalan kaki. Metode pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis karakteristik pejalan kaki. Hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain fasilitas pejalan kaki di ruas Jalan Trunoyo, Kota Malang memiliki tingkat pelayanan C karena nilai ruang pejalan kaki 3,36 m²/orang dan ruas Jalan MT. Haryono memiliki nilai ruang pejalan kaki 3,30 m²/orang. Dari segi penyediaan fasilitas pejalan kaki, ruas Jalan Trunojoyo dan ruas Jalan MT. Haryono masih kurang memadai. Berdasarkan analisis data, ruas Jalan Trunojoyo memiliki nilai PV² rata-rata tertinggi 2,1 x 108 dan Ruas Jalan MT. Haryono 1,3 x 108. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan pembangunan fasilitas pejalan kaki untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pejalan kaki sedangkan jika dilihat dari perhitungan PV² maka ruas Jalan Trunojoyo dan MT. Haryono perlu adanya penyediaan kembali zebra cross.
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Gonzalez, Alfredo Zenen Dominguez. "Susceptibilidade à Erosão Marginal no Perímetro Urbano de Cáceres-MT." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.1.p518-534.
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Tendo em vista os efeitos que provoca a erosão das margens fluviais sobre diversas atividades socioeconômicas, o presente trabalho objetivou conhecer a susceptibilidade à erosão na margem esquerda do rio Paraguai e seus canais secundários, no trecho compreendido dentro do perímetro urbano da cidade de Cáceres-MT. Como procedimentos metodológicos adotaram-se: pesquisa bibliográfica e documental sobre o tema; trabalhos de campo para identificar os pontos críticos de erosão marginal e mensurar as principais variáveis físicas e hidrodinâmicas que influenciam na sua susceptibilidade; e trabalhos de laboratório para quantificar os teores de agregados e de matéria orgânica, bem como a granulometria dos sedimentos na seção inferior dos barrancos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram corroborar que 78,6% desses pontos apresentam susceptibilidade alta a muito alta, o que se relaciona tanto com o comportamento geotécnico dos materiais constituintes dos barrancos, que determina a sua escassa resistência (sedimentos soltos ou pouco consolidados; alta declividade, baixo teor de agregados; granulometria dos sedimentos na base e baixo teor de matéria orgânica), como às características hidrodinâmicas do canal em cada ponto (tipo de fluxo e velocidade da corrente), e à crescente ocupação antrópica das margens, com medidas de proteção ineficazes ou ausentes. Conclui-se que é necessário, além de inserir a problemática no planejamento urbano da cidade, implementar ações orientadas à recuperação da degradação ambiental nos trechos com pontos críticos de erosão marginal e criar um programa de monitoramento das intervenções antrópicas nas margens fluviais do perímetro urbano.Palavras-chave: Margem fluvial. Antropização. Resistencia. Avaliação. Susceptibility to Marginal Erosion in the Urban Perimeter of Cáceres-MT A B S T R A C TConsidering the effects that the erosion of the river banks causes on several socioeconomic activities this investigation aimed to know the susceptibility to erosion on the left bank of the Paraguay River and its secondary channels, in the stretch within the urban perimeter of the city of Cáceres, located in the state of Mato Grosso. The following methodological procedures were used: after bibliographical and documentary research on the subject, the field works made it possible to identify the critical points of marginal erosion and measure the main physical and hydrodynamic variables that influence their susceptibility. Finally, laboratory analyzes allowed to quantify the contents of aggregates and organic matter, as well as the granulometry of the sediments in the lower section of the ravines. The results obtained confirmed that 78.6% of these points show high or very high susceptibility due to the geotechnical behavior of the materials that make up the ravines, which determines their low resistance (loose or poorly consolidated sediments; high slope, low aggregate content; granulometry of the sediments at the base and low organic matter content). Also influence on the susceptibility the hydrodynamic characteristics of the channel at each point (type of flow and current speed), and the increasing anthropic occupation of the margins, with ineffective or absent protection measures. The main conclusions derived are the following: the need to insert the problem in the urban planning of the city; implement actions aimed at recovering environmental degradation in stretches with critical points of marginal erosion and create a program for monitoring anthropic interventions on the river margins of the urban perimeter.Keywords: River bank. Anthropization. Resistance. Assessment.
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Mipun, B. S., R. Hazarika, M. Mondal, and S. Mukhopadhyay. "Solid Waste Management in Greater Shillong Planning Area (GSPA) Using Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Site Suitability Assessment." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (April 29, 2015): 657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-657-2015.
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In Shillong city the existing solid waste management system is mobile waste bins (72%). About 12 percent burn the waste generated by them. Door to door collection is about 5 percent. Over 2 percent households throw the wastes in the open space. Another 9 percent households throw their wastes into the waste bins located in the neighbourhood. The local headman takes care about half of the household’s wastes, while Municipality takes care about 34 percent households. About 10 percent households are ignorant about the collection and disposal of wastes. Some NGO’s takes care about 5 percent household’s wastes. Awareness about segregation of waste into organic and non-bio degradable waste is 64 percent and a significant numbers do the segregation. In Shillong Municipality Board (SMB) area collects 45.91% (78.42 MT) waste, outside SMB area collection is 32.61% (45.99 MT) and entire GSPA the percentage of garbage collected is 41percent. The only dumping ground in GSPA is Marten, Mawiong, and the capacity to hold garbage is decreasing due to limited landfill. The sanitary landfill site is 5.0 acres that it is not enough to meet the demand. Out of he total area 170.69 sq. km. (GSPA) only 25.67% is most suitable and 18.58% is unsuitable to set up a new landfill area. Eastern part of the GSPA, is most suitable, which fulfils the entire criterion adopted in this study. In this the best-stated criterion are land cover (vacant space), slope (<15%), proximity to road (400-800m), distance from River (>2000m) and elevation (1300-1500m). The eastern part of the GSPA is most suitable landfill location.
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Bremner, G. Alex, and David P. Y. Lung. "Spaces of Exclusion: The Significance of Cultural Identity in the Formation of European Residential Districts in British Hong Kong, 1877–1904." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 21, no. 2 (April 2003): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d310.
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In this paper we discuss the role and significance of European cultural identity in the formation of the urban environment in 19th-century and early-20th-century British Hong Kong. Our purpose is to offer an alternative reading of the social history of Hong Kong-the orthodox accounts of which remain largely predominant in the general historical understanding of that society-by examining the machinations that surrounded attempts by the European colonial elite to control the production of urban form and space in the capital city of Hong Kong, Victoria. Here the European Residential District ordinance of 1888 (along with other related ordinances) is considered in detail. An examination of European cultural self-perception and the construction of colonial identity is made by considering not only the actual ways in which urban form and space were manipulated through these ordinances but also the visual representation of the city in art. Here the intersection between ideas and images concerning civil society, cultural identity, architecture, and the official practices of colonial urban planning is demonstrated. It is argued that this coalescing of ideas, images, and practices in the colonial environment of British Hong Kong not only led to the racialisation of urban form and space there but also contributed to the apparent anxiety exhibited by the European population over the preservation of their own identity through the immediacy of the built environment.
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Bliankinshyein, Olga N., Natalia A. Popkova, Matvey V. Savelyev, Natalia A. Unagaeva, Irina G. Fedchenko, and Yana V. Chui. "SOCIOCULTURAL BASIS OF URBAN PLANNING REGULATION FOR PUBLIC OPEN SPACES." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 41 (2021): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/41/2.
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The authors consider the problem of urban planning regulation of public open spaces from the perspective of their dominant role in the formation of a holistic socio-cultural structure of a city. Relevance of the study is determined by the modern demand for comfortable urban environment of the public open spaces, which has become the global urban planning trend in recent decades. The modern approach, promoted in the UN Charter and in federal and regional strategic development programs is aimed at increasing the emotional attachment of people to a place of living and fostering a sense of community. The improvement of public spaces should be based on the historical and cultural context, natural features, and the identity of a place. The implementation of numerous projects all over the country has revealed the flaws of urban planning regulations. This fact stimulated the emergence of targeted contests of applied research aimed at the development of new national and local regulations, standard architectural solutions which would provide high-quality development of the urban environment. Analysis of the approaches to public open space development reveals current trends in their planning regulation, which are considered in separate sections of the article. The first section explores the mechanisms which regulate the improvement of urban historical and cultural sites. It touches upon the problems of preservation of cultural heritage and the identification of landmark places. It also considers examples of the urban planning regulations for the areas of “historical urban regeneration” (Dresden, Ivanovo, Arkhangelsk, Voronezh, Belgorod) and the examples of completed projects in Siberian cities (Yeniseisk, Krasnoyarsk, Tomsk, Irkutsk). The second section is devoted to the identification and preservation of unique natural elements and images of a place through the urban landscape zoning. Different approaches to solving issues of improvement and humanization of the living environment are considered using examples of Berlin, Paris, London, Moscow, Krasnoyarsk. The third section presents a comparative analysis of existing Russian and foreign regulatory documents aimed at creating an environment of public open spaces in urbanized areas of a city. Of particular interest here are the methods of regulation that take into account functional content, development morphology, remoteness from city center, natural and socio-cultural characteristics, as well as those aimed at protecting the wildlife (Seattle, New York, Toronto, London, Victoria Australia). The socio-cultural phenomenon of public open spaces highlights the fundamental relationship between the quality of spatial environment and human consciousness, behavior, way of life. Therefore, a tailored approach to the creation of architectural and landscape planning regulations will allow to treat each public space substantively, preserving and maintaining the identity of the historical and cultural environment of a place.
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Tran, Ha Duc, Hung Viet Le, Hai Duc Minh Tran, and Quyen Duc Nguyen. "FORECAST ON WATER QUALITY OF TO LICH RIVER BASED BY SCENES OF HA NOI SEWERAGE PLANNING BY MODEL QUAL2K." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 58, no. 3A (May 25, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/58/3a/14269.
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To Lich River is well-known as a main drainage river and plays a vital role to the landscape distribution of Hanoi city, which is currently polluted due to improperly untreated wastewater flow. Thanks to QUAL2K model, the variation of river water quality has been forecasted by 4 particular scenarios. For the first scenario, the whole generated wastewater along To Lich River is not totally collected and treated. For the second one, it occurs as the former one with an addition of diluted water of 5m3/s from Red river. Next, wastewater is mostly well managed but minor sources are not collected. Finally, the whole generated wastewater is properly treated and added with a diluted amount of 5m3/s from Red river. The study indicated that in order to meet standard of column B1, QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT (Vietnam National Regulation), centralized and decentralized generated sewerage is required the appropriate treatment to reach column B National Standard 02:2014/BTNMT, with the BOD5 is lower than 20 mg/L before discharging into the nature.
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Rukayah, Siti, and Bambang Supriadi. "PASAR DI SUDUT TIGA KORIDOR LAMA SEMARANG SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK PLACE DAN LINGKAGE EKONOMI." TATALOKA 19, no. 2 (May 31, 2017): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.19.2.82-92.
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Semarang city has golden triangle corridor as a commercial corridor in the present day. But, in the past, the city had three corridors (bigger than now). There were Bodjong street (now known as Pemuda street, part of Groote Postweg 1809-1811), Mataram street (now Mt. Haryono road - the road that connects the old Semarang port to the Mataram kingdom in inland Java) and Veteran road (the road linking the western side of the city to the street Mataram, to avoid the downtown area which was a swamp area). There were traditional markets in each part of the node of triangle corridors (Johar, Randu Sari and Peterongan ) that still exist until now. This study aims to reveal the organization of city structure at that time. By using the historical method and a naturalistic approach were found that the formation of triangle corridor has a function as economic lingkage and economics place, connecting and attracting each other. In the city development, these markets become magnet and strategic node as a place for economic activity. It was formed by the existence of markets, functioning as the magnet for circulations dan be a place for the community. The existence of traditional villages along the corridors which have toponyms based on community economic activity at that time, became evident that the economic linkage has been formed in the past. This phenomenon has become a new knowledge that can be applied to the government for creating the concept of a city walk/ shopping belt corridor based on local wisdom of the urban planning in the past. Recommendations of this study is to preserve and develop the urban design in the past, so it can be utilized in the present situation.
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Liu, Run, and Ziyue Qiu. "Urban Sustainable Development Empowered by Cultural and Tourism Industries: Using Zhenjiang as an Example." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 12884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912884.
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Mitigating global warming is a grand challenge for sustainable development in the increasingly urbanized world. How to build a low-carbon society and achieve economic growth at the same time remains less clear. In this paper, using Zhenjiang City in East China as a case study, we analyze the contribution of cultural and tourism industries (CTI) and important low-carbon industries to the sustainable development of the metropolitan area. We found that the CTI in Zhenjiang has accounted for 25% of its total gross domestic product (GDP); the forest recovery for the development of CTI sequestrates 150,000 Mt of carbon dioxide annually, which substantially decreases its carbon emission per GDP and promotes the development of a low-carbon city. With the development of CTI and the transformation of the traditional industrial structure, the tertiary industry has gradually emerged and expanded. CTI-related employment has also increased, contributing to poverty eradication and the achievement of global sustainable development goals. The low-carbon and sustainable development model in Zhenjiang will provide a successful example for other cities, not only within China, but also beyond.
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Ben-Dov, Jonathan. "A 360-Day Administrative Year in Ancient Israel: Judahite Portable Calendars and the Flood Account." Harvard Theological Review 114, no. 4 (October 2021): 431–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816021000298.
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AbstractAdministrators in ancient Judah used schematic 30-day months and a 360-day year alongside other annual frameworks. This year was never practiced as a “calendar” for any cultic or administrative purpose, but rather served as a convenient framework for long-term planning, as well as for literary accounts that were not anchored to a concrete calendar year. Examples for such a usage are attested here from Mesopotamian texts. Material evidence for the 360-day year in Judah comes forth from a series of small perforated bone plaques from various sites in Iron Age Judah. One such item was recently unearthed in the city of David. These objects can reasonably be understood as reflecting a schematic 360-day year, serving as desk calendars for Judahite administrators. Several priestly pentateuchal texts are best understood against this background, such as the dating of some festivals and most notably the dates in the Flood narrative (Gen 7–8). The original dating system is best represented in LXX Gen 7:11, while the reading of MT is a late modification, inserted later, when calendar debates took a central place in the religious discourse. MT is thus a link in a chain of later reworking of this narrative in Second Temple literature. The 360-day year is thus a unique case where material culture dovetails with literary evidence, and may shed light on the material culture of priestly sources. This insight is significant for future studies of biblical time reckoning.
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Ioannidis, Kostas, Marianthi Tsakaldimi, Katerina Koutsovoulou, Evangelia N. Daskalakou, and Petros Ganatsas. "Effect of Seedling Provenance and Site Heterogeneity on Abies cephalonica Performance in a Post-Fire Environment." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 6097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116097.
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Reforestation constitutes a challenge in post-fire ecosystem restoration, although there are limitations such as species and genotype selection, planting and management design, and environmental conditions. In the present study, the basic issue is the longevity of Abies cephalonica Loudon—the Greek fir seedlings planted extensively in Parnitha National Park (Central Greece), located near the metropolitan city of Athens, following the large-scale wildfire of 2007. Seedling performance was assessed for a 3-year monitoring period (2013–2015) through the establishment of 8 permanent transects, including 400 seedlings at the burned, reforested sites. According to the long-term reforestation project, two seedling provenances were used: (a) from Mt. Mainalon (South Greece, Vytina provenance) and (b) the local one from Mt. Parnitha. Both provenances showed a relatively successful survival rate reaching, in average, 73.8%, with the first summer after planting being crucial for seedling survival. The overall mean seedling height was 39.2 ± 1.1 cm, with a mean crown diameter of 47.3 ± 1.4 cm in the last monitoring survey. Although Parnitha seedlings seem to perform better in terms of growth, seedling performance in both provenances was affected by reforestation site characteristics, mainly altitude and aspect. Approximately one third of seedlings exhibited damage in their crown architecture (29.8%), while apical bud damage was less extensive (12.2%) in the final field measurement. Data indicate that seedling performance has proved to be quite promising for post-fire restoration, although long-term monitoring data should be considered.
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Chisholm, Stewart. "The growing role of citizen engagement in urban naturalization: The case of Canada." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426219.
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The author (MA, MCIP, RPP) co-manages Evergreen's Common Grounds program which focuses on the protection and restoration of public lands in urban areas. He has a Master's degree in urban planning from the University of Waterloo, a Bachelor's Degree in resource geography from the University of Victoria , and he is a full member of the Canadian Institute of Planners. Over the past five years, he has developed urban greening resources for land use professionals and community groups including a national grant program, guidebooks, research reports, municipal policy guidelines and case studies. He has also developed and led professional training workshops for public land managers and other municipal officials on partnership approaches for protecting and stewarding urban green spaces. Prior to joining Evergreen, Stewart worked in the private and public sectors leading a variety of land-use planning, environmental assessment and resource conservation projects. Mr Chisholm has written journal articles and presented papers at national and international conferences including the Canadian Institute of Planners (2002) and the Society for Ecological Restoration (2001). The paper that follows is based on a presentation that he gave at the international symposion on "The Natural City," Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
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Zhang, Ben, Jie Yang, and Yinxia Cao. "Assessing Potential Bioenergy Production on Urban Marginal Land in 20 Major Cities of China by the Use of Multi-View High-Resolution Remote Sensing Data." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 7291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137291.
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For the purpose of bioenergy production, biomass cropping on marginal land is an appropriate method. Less consideration has been given to estimating the marginal land in cities at a fine spatial resolution, especially in China. Marginal land within cities has great potential for bioenergy production. Therefore, in this research, the urban marginal land of 20 representative cities of China was estimated by using detailed land-cover and 3D building morphology information derived from Ziyuan-3 high-resolution remote sensing imagery, and ancillary geographical data, including land use, soil type, and digital elevation model data. We then classified the urban marginal land into “vacant land” and “land between buildings”, and further revealed its landscape patterns. Our results showed that: (1) the suitable marginal land area ranged from 17.78 ± 1.66 km2 to 353.48 ± 54.19 km2 among the 20 cities; (2) it was estimated that bioethanol production on marginal land could amount to 0.005–0.13 mT, corresponding to bioenergy of 2.1 × 1013–4.0 × 1014 J for one city; (3) from the landscape viewpoint, the marginal landscape pattern tended to be more fragmented in more developed cities. Our results will help urban planners to reclaim unused urban land and develop distributed bioenergy projects at the city scale.
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Jia, Junsong, Zhihai Gong, Chundi Chen, Huiyong Jian, and Dongming Xie. "Urban carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) accounting based on the GPC framework." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 10, no. 5 (November 19, 2018): 812–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-03-2017-0074.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide a typical example of accounting for the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) in underdeveloped cities, especially for the Poyang Lake area in China. The accounting can increase public understanding and trust in climate mitigation strategies by showing more detailed data. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses the “Global Protocol for Community-scale greenhouse gas emission inventories (GPC)” method, a worldwide comparable framework for calculating urban CO2e emission (CE). The empirical case is an underdeveloped city, Nanchang, in China. Findings The results show the total CE of Nanchang, containing the electricity CE of Scope 2, grew rapidly from 12.49 Mt in 1994 to 55.00 Mt in 2014, with the only recession caused by the global financial crisis in 2008. The biggest three contributors were industrial energy consumption, transportation and industrial processes, which contributed 44.71-72.06, 4.10-25.07 and 9.07-22.28 per cent, respectively, to the total CE. Almost always, more than 74.41 per cent of Nanchang’s CE was related to coal. When considering only the CEs from coal, oil and gas, these CEs per unit area of Nanchang were always greater than those of China and the world. Similarly, these CEs per gross domestic product of Nanchang were always bigger than those of the world. Thus, based on these conclusions, some specific countermeasures were recommended. Originality/value This paper argues that the CO2e accounting of underdeveloped cities by using the GPC framework should be promoted when designing climate mitigation policies. They can provide more scientific data to justify related countermeasures.
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Tucker, Richard, Louise Johnson, Jian Liang, and Steven Allender. "Strategies for Alleviating Spatial Disadvantage: A Systems Thinking Analysis and Plan of Action." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 23, 2022): 10477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710477.
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Within Australian cities there is significant socioeconomic disparity between communities, which is an obstacle to sustainable urban development. There is a voluminous amount research into the causes and some of the ameliorative actions to address socio-spatial disadvantage, though many studies do not localize or systematize their analyses. This paper presents the results of a co-design process conducted with community stakeholders using innovative realist inquiry and system mapping to answer the question: what are the impacts and drivers of socioeconomic and spatial disadvantage in a regional city in Victoria, Australia, and what actions might ameliorate these in three localities? Participants identified 24 separate causes and impacts of acute socioeconomic disadvantage. Using system maps, these community members developed 13 intervention ideas for action with potential to positively impact health and wellbeing, education, housing, employment, and livability, and be translatable to policy positions. The paper therefore presents a unique method of enquiry into spatial disadvantage and a grounded set of strategies for positive action.
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Taylor, Chris, and David B. Lindenmayer. "The use of spatial data and satellite information in legal compliance and planning in forest management." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 27, 2022): e0267959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267959.
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A key part of native forest management in designated wood production areas is identifying locations which must be exempt from logging. Forest laws, government regulations, and codes of practice specify where logging is and is not permitted. Assessing compliance with these regulations is critical but can be expensive and time consuming, especially if it entails field measurements. In some cases, spatial data products may help reduce the costs and increase the transparency of assessing compliance. However, different spatial products can vary in their accuracy and resolution, leading to uncertainty in forest management. We present the results of a detailed case study investigating the compliance of logging operations with laws preventing cutting on slopes exceeding 30°. We focused on two designated water catchments in the Australian State of Victoria which supply water to the city of Melbourne. We compared slopes that had been logged on steep terrain using spatial data based on a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) derived from LiDAR, a 1 arc second DEM derived from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, and a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) with a resolution of 10m. While our analyses revealed differences in slope measurements among the different spatial products, all three datasets (and the on-site slope measurements) estimated the occurrence of widespread logging of forests on slopes >30° in both water catchments. We found the lowest resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission DEM underestimated the steepness of slopes, whilst the DTM was variable in its estimates. As expected, the LiDAR generated slope calculations provided the best fit with on-site measurements. Our study demonstrates the value of spatial data products in assessing compliance with logging laws and codes of practice. We suggest that LiDAR DEMs, and DTMs also can be useful in proactive forest planning and management by helping better identify which areas should be exempt from cutting before logging operations commence.
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Son, Lam Vinh, Nguyen Vu Phong, Ta Trung Kien, Nguyen Thi Phu’o’ng Chau, Le Thanh Hoa, and Vo Le Phu. "Impacts of Livelihood Activities on the Environment and Natural Resources of Can Gio Mangrove Forest, Ho Chi Minh City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 964, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/964/1/012014.
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Abstract In recent years, local livelihood activities in the Can Gio district have increased significantly, including aquaculture practices, aquaculture cultivation, salt-works, forest guard, farming, livestock, tourism, and etc. These livelihood activities have contributed remarkably to the local economy and the improvement of living conditions for local people. However, the burgeoning development of these activities have posed negative impacts on the mangrove ecosystem in Can Gio. In which, the use and exploitation of existing human and natural resources are paid inadequate attention. The purpose of this study is to identify livelihoods by conducting a survey with 536 questionnaire samples in both the buffer and transition zones in Can Gio Mangrove Forest. In addition, the quality of surface water sources was examined by collecting 70 surface water and wastewater samples. The results show that the quality of surface water meets the allowable limits of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT. The extent of the impact from livelihood activities on the environment of mangrove forest is at the medium level. However, the livelihood of aquaculture cultivation practices has the most affect on the environment and natural resources and is posing negative impacts on the quality of water sources in Can Gio Mangrove Forest. Therefore, these findings will be useful information for decision makers of the local authority in building an appropriate planning for aquaculture cultivation area. Further, irrigation and drainage systems for aquaculture practices need to be invested to control and handle wastes from aquaculture cultivation areas.
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Ellis, Joyce, John Walton, and Kenneth Morgan. "N.M Herbert (ed.), The Victoria History of the Counties of England. Gloucestershire, vol. IV: The City of Gloucester. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. xxiii + 474pp. Illust. £60.00." Urban History 17 (May 1990): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392680001467x.
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Taqvi, Syed Taha, Ali Almansoori, Azadeh Maroufmashat, and Ali Elkamel. "Utilizing Rooftop Renewable Energy Potential for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Using Multi-Energy Hub Approach." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 9572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249572.
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Electric vehicles (EV) have the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions. Yet, the current electric vehicle charging infrastructure utilizes electricity generated from non-renewable sources. In this study, the rooftop area of structures is analyzed to assess electricity that can be generated through solar- and wind-based technologies. Consequently, planning an electric vehicle charging infrastructure that is powered through ‘clean’ energy sources is presented. We developed an optimal modeling framework for the consideration of Renewable Energy Technologies (RET) along with EV infrastructure. After examining the level of technology, a MATLAB image segmentation technique was used to assess the available rooftop area. In this study, two competitive objectives including the economic cost of the system and CO2 emissions are considered. Three scenarios are examined to assess the potential of RET to meet the EV demand along with the Abu Dhabi city one while considering the life-cycle emission of RET and EV systems. When meeting only EV demand through Renewable Energy Technologies (RET), about 187 ktonnes CO2 was reduced annually. On the other hand, the best economic option was still to utilize grid-connected electricity, yielding about 2.24 Mt CO2 annually. In the scenario of meeting both 10% EV demand and all Abu Dhabi city electricity demand using RE, wind-based technology is only able to meet around 3%. Analysis carried out by studying EV penetration demonstrated the preference of using level 2 AC home chargers compared to other ones. When the EV penetration exceeds 25%, preference was observed for level 2 (AC public 3ϕ) chargers.
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REIFF, JANICE L., and PHILIP J. ETHINGTON. "Introduction." Urban History 36, no. 02 (July 30, 2009): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926809006245.
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The idea for this special issue, exploring the history of cities and urbanism within the emerging transnational paradigm, originated in a discussion among the members of the North American Editorial Board ofUrban Historyabout what it means for cities to be global. Veering in many directions, spanning multiple centuries and stretching into much of the world, the conversation touched on the movement of people and ideas, the relationship of urban areas with their hinterlands and with each other, the importance of given technologies and industries for particular forms of urban development, the critical role of politics – at all levels – in that development and the ongoing and evolving role of global capital on those cities. Using the global Internet, members of the North American Editorial Board located in Montreal (Michèle Dagenais), Rochester (Victoria Wolcott), Irvine (Jeffrey Wasserstrom), Philadelphia (Lynn Hollen Lees), Miami (Robin Bachin), Mexico City (Hira de Gortari Rabiela), Hamilton (Richard Harris), Los Angeles (Philip Ethington and Janice Reiff), Amherst (Max Page) and Ann Arbor (Matthew Lassiter) generated a plan to issue a global call for papers for the IXth International Conference of the European Association for Urban History in Lyon, France in August of 2008. Nine scholars from Canada, the United States, France and Mexico pre-circulated their papers for a special bilingual double-long session, co-chaired by Michèle Dagenais and Phil Ethington.
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Buchori, Imam, Yuwono Ario Nugroho, Joko Susilo, Dian Prasetyaning, and Hadi Nugroho. "MODEL KESESUAIAN LAHAN BERBASIS KERAWANAN BENCANA ALAM, UJI COBA: KOTA SEMARANG." Jurnal Tataloka 15, no. 4 (November 1, 2013): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/tataloka.15.4.293-305.
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<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">Indonesian regions are prone to natural disasters. For this, Law 26/2007 on Spatial Planning orders that disaster mitigation is an important. This paper aims at developing a spatial model for suitability analysis, mainly considering physical and disaster prone conditions. The model is a raster based-GIS weighted scoring model. The model is applied in Semarang City with the consideration has various topographical conditions, from flat in the North and hilly in the South.The application shows that the model is </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">suitable in</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU"> represent</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">ing</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU"> land suitability in three categories, i.e. low, medium, and high flexibility of development. The validation, done by comparing the model output and reality, shows that its accuracy is 91</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">,</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">25%. However, to be widely generazed, the model need</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">s</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU"> to be tested</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN"> more</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">, by applying in other locations having criteria </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="IN">regarding</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Amasis MT','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-AU">the needs of the test.</span>
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Saeidian, B., A. Rajabifard, B. Atazadeh, and M. Kalantari. "EXTENDING CITYGML 3.0 TO SUPPORT 3D UNDERGROUND LAND ADMINISTRATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W4-2022 (October 14, 2022): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w4-2022-125-2022.
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Abstract. Rapid development of underground space necessitates the efficient management of underground areas. Data modelling plays an underpinning role in integrating and managing underground physical and legal data. The physical data refers to semantic and spatial data of underground assets such as utilities, tunnels, and basements, while the legal data comprises the ownership information and the extent of underground legal spaces and the semantic and spatial relationships between legal spaces. Current Underground Land Administration (ULA) practices mainly focus on representing only either legal spaces or the physical reality of subsurface objects using fragmented and isolated 2D drawings, leading to ineffective ULA. A complete and accurate 3D representation of underground legal spaces integrated with the 3D model of their physical counterparts can support different use cases of ULA beyond underground land registration, such as planning, design and construction of underground assets (e.g. tunnels and train stations), utility management and excavation. CityGML is a prominent semantic data model to represent 3D urban objects at a city scale, making it a good choice for underground because underground assets such as tunnels and utilities are often modelled at city scales. However, CityGML, in its current version, does not support legal information. This research aims to develop an Application Domain Extension (ADE) for CityGML to support 3D ULA based on the requirements defined in the Victorian state of Australia. These requirements include primary underground parcels and secondary underground interests. This work extends CityGML 3.0, which is the new version of this model. In CityGML 3.0, UML conceptual models as platform-independent models are suggested to express ADEs. Thus, the ADE proposed in this study will be based on UML. The findings of this study show that extending CityGML to support legal information can be a viable solution to meet the requirements of a 3D integrated model for ULA. The CityGML ADE proposed in this study can potentially provide a new solution for 3D digital management of underground ownership rights in Victoria, and it can be used to implement an integrated 3D digital data environment for ULA.
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Rebecchi, Andrea, Maddalena Buffoli, Marco Dettori, Letizia Appolloni, Antonio Azara, Paolo Castiglia, Daniela D’Alessandro, and Stefano Capolongo. "Walkable Environments and Healthy Urban Moves: Urban Context Features Assessment Framework Experienced in Milan." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 15, 2019): 2778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102778.
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Recent studies in public health have focused on determining the influences of the built environment on the population’s physical and mental health status. In order to promote active transport and physical activity, considered favorable behavior for the prevention non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, it is necessary to reduce the negative effects of the built environment and develop positive ones, such as, for example, a walkable urban space. The aim of the research is to define a city’s walkability assessment framework capable of highlighting points of strength and weakness in its urban environment. All of the aspects that have a direct influence (evidence-based) on fostering the adoption of healthy lifestyles or promoting active transport as a strategy to increase the level of physical activity due to the existence of daily urban travel should be considered. After conducting a literature review aimed at identifying all of the existing assessment tools, 20 research studies were examined in detail. The new evaluation method arises from the comparison and critical selection of the various qualitative–quantitative indicators found, integrated into a multi-criteria analysis structure of dual-scale survey, with reference to walkability and paying attention to those indicators that have implications on health promotion. The new assessment framework, named Milano Walkability Measurement (MWM), is applicable in different urban contexts and was tested in two different areas of Milan. The Macro dimension (i.e., Density, Diversity, and Design criteria) refers to the urban scale and examines the city from a top view. It describes quantitatively the overall urban factors (urban area size equal to 1.5 Km2; typology of data: archival). The Micro dimension (i.e., Usefulness, Safeness, Comfort, and Aesthetics criteria) investigates the city at the street scale level. It describes qualitatively features of the outdoor spaces (road length of about 500/700 mt; typology of data: observational). Finally, the framework was weighted by comparison with a panel of experts. The expected results were reflected in the design recommendations based on the collected qualitative-quantitative data. The developed assessment method brings innovative criteria such as the multi-scaling assessment phase (Macro and Micro) and the ability to take into consideration aspects that according to the literature have relationships with health promotion linked to the improvement of a healthy lifestyle, related to daily active transportation choices. The design recommendations are useful both to policy-makers, to make evidence-based specific choices, and to designers, to understand what aspects of the urban environment must be improved or implemented in order to promote a walkable city.
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Morley, Ian. "Arquitectura, oportunismo y la planificación del rostro de un imperio." Ra. Revista de Arquitectura 9 (May 10, 2018): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/014.9.25914.
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La carrera de Sir Aston Webb (1849-1930) es posiblemente una de las más impresionantes de todos los arquitectos tardovictorianos y de la época eduardiana. En una importante época de la sociedad, la política y la historia británicas, la carrera de Webb y su salto a la fama anduvieron paralelos a uno de los períodos más excitantes en la historia de la arquitectura británica, alcanzando su pico de protagonismo cuando le concedieron el rango de Presidente del Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), el de Presidente de la Royal Academy (RA) y el de Presidente de Town Planning de la RIBA. El célebre historiador de arquitectura Alastair Service, por ejemplo, apuntó que, a pesar de los ideales arquitectónicos del período, el mayor arquitecto en términos de volumen total de trabajo o de dinero ganado fue Webb, aunque la historia haya ignorado casi absolutamente su importancia, debido en parte a que sus proyectos carecían de la creatividad estilística que poseían muchos de sus coetáneos. Es por ello que en este artículo se intenta rectificar esta situación, subrayando la importancia del trabajo más grande de Webb, el proyecto del Queen Victoria Memorial (1901-1912) –una empresa monumental a la misma altura que los proyectos American City Beautiful, que junto al plan London County Council’s Kingsway-Aldwych “haussmanizaron” la metrópolis. De este modo, este trabajo también demostrará que Webb no era simplemente un arquitecto de incomparables aptitudes, sino que posiblemente fue el diseñador que más ayudó en este período a definir el diseño cívico y la planificación urbana británicas de un modo práctico, antes del comienzo de la Primera Guerra Mundial en 1914.