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الهذيلي, محمد احمد احمد, محمد محسن الشدادي, and عبدالباسط محمد البشة. "Analytical Study of Path Loss in Radio Wave Propagation Models of the GSM Cellular Communications Networks in the City of Sana'a." Journal of Science and Technology 23, no. 1 (October 28, 2018): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jst.v23i1.1399.
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The rapid growth of wireless communication technologies has increased the importance of a proper network planning. Before the actual installation of the network and to ensure that the network is adequately covered, network designers rely heavily on wave propagation models, which are a set of mathematical expressions, and graphs derived from comprehensive field measurements and it is used to represent radio wave properties of a particular environment. The research aims to find a mathematical model to predict the propagation path loss of radio waves in Sana'a city for the appropriate planning of cellular communication systems. In this sense, the researcher applied a practical study to the city of Sana'a by taking three cells (base station) in three different regions (urban and suburban areas and the open area). The research focuses on three stages (the stage of measurements, the stage of analysis and the stage of analysis and comparison). In the results, we obtained three values for path loss constants a and c for the three regions, through which we obtain the logarithmic curves, which in turn has been transformed into mathematical models to be used as a reference for radio planning engineers in the city of Sana'a, the capital of the Republic of Yemen.
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Gabdrakhmanova, Nailia, and Maria Pilgun. "Intelligent Control Systems in Urban Planning Conflicts: Social Media Users’ Perception." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 6579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146579.
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The relevance of this study is determined by the need to develop technologies for effective urban systems management and resolution of urban planning conflicts. The paper presents an algorithm for analyzing urban planning conflicts. The material for the study was data from social networks, microblogging, blogs, instant messaging, forums, reviews, video hosting services, thematic portals, online media, print media and TV related to the construction of the North-Eastern Chord (NEC) in Moscow (RF). To analyze the content of social media, a multimodal approach was used. The paper presents the results of research on the development of methods and approaches for constructing mathematical and neural network models for analyzing the social media users’ perceptions based on their digital footprints. Artificial neural networks, differential equations, and mathematical statistics were involved in building the models. Differential equations of dynamic systems were based on observations enabled by machine learning. Mathematical models were developed to quickly detect, prevent, and address conflicts in urban planning in order to manage urban systems efficiently. In combination with mathematical and neural network model the developed approaches, made it possible to draw a conclusion about the tense situation around the construction of the NEC, identify complaints of residents to constructors and city authorities, and propose recommendations to resolve and prevent conflicts. Research data could be of use in solving similar problems in sociology, ecology, and economics.
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Olaru, Doina, Simon Moncrieff, Gary McCarney, Yuchao Sun, Tristan Reed, Cate Pattison, Brett Smith, and Sharon Biermann. "Place vs. Node Transit: Planning Policies Revisited." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020477.
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A core contemporary planning approach is the promotion of transit-oriented developments (TODs) and in recent times cities have committed substantial financial investment to encourage sustainable precincts around public transport. Evaluation of the success of TODs is key for continuing the planning efforts. A frequently applied framework for characterizing TODs draws on Bertolini’s Node-Place (N-P) model, enriched through application in various contexts. We offer here an extension to the N-P model, using a case study in a low-density city, Perth, Western Australia. A typology of railway stations is developed using 43 indicators and then linear models are applied to ascertain the association between patronage and station precinct features. The results show that various types of measures are required to increase public transport ridership for the four clusters that emerged from the analysis. Density alone does not lead to increased use of public transport; it must be associated with city-wide accessibility, as well as access/egress to and from the station.
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Juškevičius, P. "PROCEDURES OF CITY TRANSPORT SYSTEMS' PLANNING/MIESTŲ SUSISIEKIMO SISTEMŲ PLANAVIMO PROCESO PROCEDŪROS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 1, no. 4 (December 31, 1995): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1995.10531533.
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The article starts with looking into a treatment of the objects of city transport systems planning: administrative (determined) and systematic approach, that are of importance for the principles of planning and its quality. The major shortages of the traditional planning are the following: its determination, narrow functional attitude towards the processes of transportation, lack of evaluation of the interrelations between a city structure and its transport system. There are several obstacles to shift to the planning of higher quality, namely poorly arranged information supply, shortage of mathematical models for transport processes and relevant soft ware. Considering the gained experience of transport system planning and professional knowledge on transport systems, a new methodology of planning is presented. A major stress here is put on the complex of transport system functioning, the consequences and the price.
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Ilyanov, S. V., N. A. Kuzmin, and G. V. Borisov. "EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS OF FUEL CONSUMPTIONS CONSIDERING THE SPEEDS OF CITY BUSES." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 3 (2021): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-3-72.
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At the moment, there is a large number of dissertations and scientific works covering the issues of traction-speed and fuel-economic characteristics of vehicles, the results of which are presented in the form of: regression models, approximating dependencies, mathematical models based on multivariate analysis, including a number of additional coefficients. In this connection, the use of the results of these works in practice is limited, since it requires high qualifications of the МTЕ personnel and the use of special software and hardware. At the same time, at the department “Automobile transport” NSTU named after R. E. Alekseev developed a probabilistic-analytical method for predicting fuel consumption by road trains, considering the high-speed mode of movement, which shows a high convergence of results with actual average speeds only for uniform movement of buses with a constant average speed, which is not applicable to the assessment of fuel consumption of city buses. Based on the hypothesis put forward on the applicability of the Weibull-Gnedenko distribution for calculating the average speeds of city buses and the normal distribution for calculating accelerations during movement, the tasks of this study are formulated, expressed in the development of mathematical models reflecting the dependences of speeds and accelerations during bus movement in urban operating conditions, for planning their fuel consumption. To solve the set tasks, the following experimental studies were carried out: determination of the average coefficient of total road resistance; the actual distribution of speeds and accelerations when driving city buses; determination of the average actual value of fuel consumption when the bus is moving and when idle at stopping points. Based on the results of processing experimental studies, the possibility of using the Weibull-Gnedenko law to describe the actual speeds in urban conditions and the normal law to describe accelerations when driving city buses was confirmed, which allows planning fuel consumption using the analytical apparatus of the theory of probability and mathematical statistics and using the developed methodology in practice of motor transport enterprises. Based on experimental studies and theoretical studies in this area, an analytical method for planning fuel consumption for city buses, considering the speed of their movement, has been developed, which allows planning fuel consumption without additional experiments. Carrying out such studies for other types of motor vehicles and assessing unaccounted for indicators of road, transport and natural-climatic operating conditions will create a generalized analytical method for planning fuel consumption by vehicles in various operating conditions.
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Azad, Abul Kalam, and Xin Wang. "Prediction of Traffic Counts Using Statistical and Neural Network Models." GEOMATICA 69, no. 3 (September 2015): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5623/cig2015-304.
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This paper compared two different models for predicting traffic counts based on land use and demographic variables for the City of Calgary. Land use and demographic characteristics were used as independent vari ables at the Dissemination Area (DA) (small geographic unit having a population range of 400–700) level in the City of Calgary. Traffic count data from the City of Calgary were used as the dependent variable to devel op statistical and Neural Network models. Negative Binomial count statistical models (with log-link) were developed, as data were observed to be over-dispersed. Neural Network models were developed based on a mul tilayered, feed-forward, back-propagation design for supervised learning. The results indicate that Neural Network models ensured fewer errors than the statistical model. Overall, the Neural Network model yielded better results in estimating traffic count than the Negative Binomial Regression approach also considered in this study. The Neural Network model can be particularly suitable for its better predictive capability. However, the statistical model could be used for mathematical formulation or for developing a better understanding of the role of explanatory variables in estimating traffic count.
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Nguyen, S. H., and T. H. Kolbe. "MODELLING CHANGES, STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR RELATIONS IN SEMANTIC 3D CITY MODELS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences VIII-4/W2-2021 (October 7, 2021): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-viii-4-w2-2021-137-2021.
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Abstract. Urban digital twins have been increasingly adopted by cities worldwide. Digital twins, especially semantic 3D city models as key components, have quickly become a crucial platform for urban monitoring, planning, analyses and visualization. However, as the massive influx of data collected from cities accumulates quickly over time, one major problem arises as how to handle different temporal versions of a virtual city model. Many current city modelling deployments lack the capability for automatic and efficient change detection and often replace older city models completely with newer ones. Another crucial task is then to make sense of the detected changes to provide a deep understanding of the progresses made in the cities. Therefore, this research aims to provide a conceptual framework to better assist change detection and interpretation in virtual city models. Firstly, a detailed hierarchical model of all potential changes in semantic 3D city models is proposed. This includes appearance, semantic, geometric, topological, structural, Level of Detail (LoD), auxiliary and scoped changes. In addition, a conceptual approach to modelling most relevant stakeholders in smart cities is presented. Then, a model - reality graph is used to represent both the different groups of stakeholders and types of changes based on their relative interest and relevance. Finally, the study introduces two mathematical methods to represent the relevance relations between stakeholders and changes, namely the relevance graph and the relevance matrix.
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Mushtaha, Emad, and Faisal Hamid. "Review on Vandalism and Mathematical Models for Visibility and Accessibility in Housing Districts: Case Study Sharjah City." Open House International 42, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2017-b0002.
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In recent times, residential districts in modern cities face certain new and undesired problems related to antisocial behaviour by adolescents in its urban public spaces. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the design features of public spaces in residential areas and the problem of vandalism within the districts. This paper examines the current literature reviews on vandalism, the main reasons behind the increase of in the problem, types of vandalism, and a mathematical model for assessing visibility and accessibility in addition to proving the results of a field study conducted in a UAE city. We believe that visibility of vandalism-prone areas through dwelling windows, accessibility of such areas by residents through dwelling entrances, and recognition of ownership of such areas can definitely play a role in mitigating vandalism. Our findings indicated the following: (1) There is a strong relationship between vandalism and visibility through dwelling windows. (2) Residents' accessibility to dwelling entrances and recognition of ownership play an important role in reducing vandalism. (3) In areas where the visibility and accessibility by residents is low, the severity of the problem of vandalism increase if there is an increase in the percentage of adolescent residents. (4) The design characteristics of the housing areas, such as the height of the blocks or the limits of public spaces, do not have any influence on the occurrence of vandalism.
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HU, SHANFENG. "MODELING OF TOURIST FLOW TO HUANGSHAN." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 28n29 (December 20, 2005): 1691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905010232.
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Tourism is the major industry in the Huangshan city. This paper examines time series of tourism to Huangshan from 1979 to 2004. The yearly data set comprises the total arrivals of tourists and total income. A mathematical model which is based on the polynomial approximation and radial basis function is set up to model the tourist flow. The total income and expenditure per tourist are also modeled. The established mathematical models can be used to forecast the tourist flow so that proper planning and management can be arranged.
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Yang, Byungyun. "Developing a Mobile Mapping System for 3D GIS and Smart City Planning." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 7, 2019): 3713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133713.
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The creation of augmented reality-related geographic information system (GIS) mapping applications has witnessed considerable advances in the technology of urban modeling; however, there are limitations to the technology that is currently used to create similar resources. The cost of the creation of the vehicle is an obstacle, and the rendering of textures of buildings is often lacking because of the distortion caused by the types of lenses that have been used. Generally, mobile mapping systems (MMSs) can extract detailed three-dimensional (3D) data with high quality texture information of the 3D building model. However, mapping urban areas by MMSs is expensive and requires advanced mathematical approaches with complicated steps. In particular, commercial MMS, which generally includes two GPS receivers, is an expensive device, costing ~$1 million. Thus, this research is aimed at developing a new MMS that semi-automatically produces high-quality texture information of 3D building models proposes a 3D urban model by hybrid approaches. Eventually, this study can support urban planners and people to improve their spatial perception and awareness of urban area for Smart City Planning.
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Collier, Grahame, and Phil Smith. "Beyond Lip Service: A Council Approach to Planning for Behaviour Change." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 25 (2009): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081406260000046x.
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AbstractThe Council of the City of Sydney – like many other councils around Australia – has embarked on a whole-of-council approach to establishing sustainable behaviours amongst its residents. In developing its Residential Environmental Action Plan - designed to motivate and bring about real change in resident choices and behaviours - the City sought to base its planning on a significant knowledge base.It undertook a project which asked two fundamental questions: What does the literature say about behaviour change in the community? and What do the residents of the City of Sydney local government area say about the best ways to influence community behaviour? A review of behaviour change models and the conduct of focus groups and other informant interviews across the key demographics of the City of Sydney local government area, yielded two sets of criteria for behaviour change programs. Not surprisingly, both sets were similar and for ease of use they were merged into one shorter set of twelve criteria. These are useful in informing the design of programs or assessing whether existing programs are capable of affecting behaviour. The key claim in this paper is the importance of understanding both the theory and the local community at the design phase of any program. Good planning of behaviour change programs enables graceful interventions, the magic of co-learning and the power of adaptation.The authors acknowledge the work and support of the City of Sydney in undertaking this project.
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Michelbach, S., G. Weiß, and H. Brombach. "CSO-MASTERPLAN FOR THE CITY OF WALDENBURG, GERMANY." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0005.
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The small town of Waldenburg in South Germany planned to continue the implementation of stormwater treatment. The CSO-Masterplan dated from the year 1976. Meanwhile, new guidelines were issued and new technologies became available, like mathematical sewer models. Since the ecological impact of stormwater treatment is today much more accounted for, it was decided to revise the CSO-Masterplan. The goal was to find a solution with minimized ecological impact at low costs. This urban hydrological study featured some unusual approaches. First, the present state of city, sewer system, treatment plant and receiving waters was analyzed in an interdisciplinary field study. Using the quantity-quality sewer model ASMI, the annual pollutant loads for various planning alternatives were calculated. This allowed statements about the environmental impact of each alternative, taking into account the sensitivity of the receiving waters known from the biological field study. The proposed final alternative saved nearly 1 million DM at a much lower impact on the environment compared with the original planning, showing that it is possible to cope equally with ecological and economical requirements.
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HERNÁNDEZ VÁZQUEZ, José Israel, Salvador HERNÁNDEZ GONZÁLEZ, José Omar HERNÁNDEZ VÁZQUEZ, José Alfredo JIMÉNEZ GARCÍA, and María del Rosario BALTAZAR FLORES. "Production Planning through Lean Manufacturing and Mixed Integer Linear Programming." Leather and Footwear Journal 21, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/lfj.21.1.5.
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Production planning is one of the most important administrative decisions a company can make, as it involves achieving the lead times set by the customers while taking advantage of the resources the organization has. Over time, different strategies using mathematical models have been implemented in production planning, aimed at finding the best solution for optimizing the available resources. In recent years companies throughout the world have successfullly implemented Lean Manufacturing, aimed at improving their production processes and eliminating everything that does not add value to the product. This article exemplifies a new strategy for production planning, using basic concepts from Lean Manufacturing and mixed integer linear programming models by stages. We took a women’s footwear factory in the city of León, Guanajuato, México, as a case study. The results show that it is possible to get planning that optimizes the organization’s resources and shortens the products’ lead times by shrinking inventories, from a Lean Manufacturing perspective.
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Skiba, Marta, Anna Bazan-Krzywoszańska, Wojciech Eckert, Maria Mrówczyńska, and Małgorzata Sztubecka. "Searching for new development in areas of the city." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500080.
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The reason of shaping and building cities is primarily to improve the quality of life of inhabitants. Changes in space in cities concern not only their basic functioning principles but also the transformation of structures and systems (green areas, communications andother). Regardless, spatial policy is based on the continuous search for new services and economic activity to raise standards. The article describes a study which makes an attempt to identify the main desired features that can be taken into account while formulating concepts for planning and designing a prospective city. The study was intended to analyze terms promoted in literature or labels of a desired city, that shape the aspirations of future inhabitants. The city's image-building activities concern the future measured in economic, social and environmental effects. Modelling the future potential concepts of a city development as part of planning for its development, is one of the ways of thinking about the future. Using mathematical and spatial models for this purpose, we acquire knowledge on the possible variants of the city development, as well as measurable effects of this type of phenomena
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Bestman, Amy, Jane Lloyd, Barbara Hawkshaw, Jawat Kabir, and Elizabeth Harris. "The Rohingya Little Local: exploring innovative models of refugee engagement in Sydney, Australia." Australian Journal of Primary Health 26, no. 5 (2020): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py20045.
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The Rohingya community living in the City of Canterbury-Bankstown in Sydney have been identified as a priority population with complex health needs. As part of ongoing work, AU$10000 was provided to the community to address important, self-determined, health priorities through the Can Get Health in Canterbury program. Program staff worked with community members to support the planning and implementation of two community-led events: a soccer (football) tournament and a picnic day. This paper explores the potential for this funding model and the effect of the project on both the community and health services. Data were qualitatively analysed using a range of data sources within the project. These included, attendance sheets, meeting minutes, qualitative field notes, staff reflections and transcripts of focus group and individual discussions. This analysis identified that the project: (1) enabled community empowerment and collective control over funding decisions relating to their health; (2) supported social connection among the Australian Rohingya community; (3) built capacity in the community welfare organisation –Burmese Rohingya Community Australia; and (4) enabled reflective practice and learnings. This paper presents an innovative model for engaging with refugee communities. Although this project was a pilot in the Canterbury community, it provides knowledge and learnings on the engagement of refugee communities with the health system in Australia.
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Li, Wei, Sisi Zlatanova, Abdoulaye A. Diakite, Mitko Aleksandrov, and Jinjin Yan. "Towards Integrating Heterogeneous Data: A Spatial DBMS Solution from a CRC-LCL Project in Australia." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020063.
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Over recent decades, more and more cities worldwide have created semantic 3D city models of their built environments based on standards across multiple domains. 3D city models, which are often employed for a large range of tasks, go far beyond pure visualization. Due to different spatial scale requirements for planning and managing various built environments, integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged in recent years. Focus is now shifting to Precinct Information Modeling (PIM) which is in a more general sense to built-environment modeling. As scales change so do options to perform information modeling for different applications. How to implement data interoperability across these digital representations, therefore, becomes an emerging challenge. Moreover, with the growth of multi-source heterogeneous data consisting of semantic and varying 2D/3D spatial representations, data management becomes feasible for facilitating the development and deployment of PIM applications. How to use heterogeneous data in an integrating manner to further express PIM is an open and comprehensive topic. In this paper, we develop a semantic PIM based on multi-source heterogeneous data. Then, we tackle spatial data management problems in a Spatial Database Management System (SDBMS) solution for our defined unified model. Case studies on the University of New South Wales (UNSW) campus demonstrate the efficiency of our solution.
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Batty, M., and Y. Xie. "From Cells to Cities." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 21, no. 7 (December 1994): S31—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b21s031.
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Since mathematical models came to be applied to problems of architectural and urban form, new concepts based on predicting large-scale structure from local rules have emerged through insights originating in computation and biology. The clearest of these are computer models based on cellular automata (CA) and their recent generalization in evolutionary biology and artificial life. Here we show how such models can be used to simulate urban growth and form, thus linking our exposition to the longer tradition of ideas in studies of built form emanating from the ‘Cambridge School’. We first review developments of CA in general and then in urban systems in particular. We propose a general class of CA models for urban simulation and illustrate two simple applications, the first a simulation of the development of the historical ‘cell’ city of Savannah, Georgia, the second, a generic hypothetical application. We then show how this generic model can be used to simulate the growth dynamics of a suburban area of a mid-sized North American city, thus illustrating how this approach provides insights into the way microprocesses lead to aggregate development patterns.
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Dursun, Pelin, and Gülsün Saðlamer. "Describing Housing Morphology in The City of Trabzon." Open House International 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2006): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2006-b0009.
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In morphological studies analysis, rather than intuitive explanations, of differences pertaining to the man-made environment requires an understanding of the relational or configurational structure of that specific spatial system. Space Syntax is a set of techniques for describing and analyzing those relational or configurational properties of man made environments. Space Syntax tries to clarify these properties and their meanings by mathematical and graphical analysis to interpret them on a scientific basis. Originally conceived by Prof. B. Hillier and his colloquies in the 1980's as a tool to help architects simulate the likely affects of their designs, it has since grown to become a tool used in a variety of research areas and design applications. This study attempts to formulate the various spatial patterns that have been formed through the history of Trabzon, by means of Space Syntax techniques in a concrete way. It is suggested that the analysis techniques of Space Syntax, supported by a wide range of knowledge, have contributed greatly in the formulation of spatial models in concrete form, further intuition, and can be accepted as a useful tool for defining similarities and differences between different home environments.
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Callejas-Molina, Rogelio Alejandro, Javier Diaz-Carmona, Hector Vazquez-Leal, Darwin Mayorga-Cruz, and Raul Lopez-Leal. "Exploring a Novel Electrical-Modeling-Based Route Planning for Vehicle Guidance." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (May 5, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4348964.
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This work describes a novel Electrical-Modeling-Based Route Planner (EMBRP) for vehicle guidance within city street networks (maps), which uses an equivalent linear electrical circuit considering traffic flow direction, length, and other physical attributes of the streets as parameters for the mathematical model of the circuit branch resistances. Thus, modeling a city as an electrical circuit results in a system of linear equations, which are solved using a multifrontal method implemented in the Unsymmetric Multifrontal Pack (UMFPACK) library. In addition, a Modified Local Current Comparison Algorithm (MLCCA) is proposed with the aim to find a suitable route meeting the correct traffic flow direction. The EMBRP has the functionality to accept user-defined symbolic models in terms of street parameters extracted from a public database allowing different route planning applications. For instance, low-risk route planning schemes can be explored also routes with multiple origins and a single destination can be plotted using only a single simulation, among other possibilities. The EMBRP is illustrated through the description of nine real case studies. According to the obtained results, suitable planning routes and small computing times are achieved by this proposal. A performance comparison, in terms of memory consumption and computing time, among EMBRP, the heuristic A∗ algorithm and Hspice numeric engine is presented. The smallest computing time was achieved by the EMBRP. The EMBRP can be useful for engineers and researchers studying route planning techniques and new street models for specific applications.
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Herrera Ochoa, Oscar Javier, and Javier Arturo Orjuela Castro. "Assignment and routing model for the Planning of Food Supply Operation in the South part of Bogota; fruit and vegetable case." Ingeniería Solidaria 18, no. 2 (May 10, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2022.02.03.
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Introduction: This article is the product of the research Design of the logistics operation of food distribution in different locations south of Bogotá based on a multistage model, carried out during 2014 in the city of Bogotá.Problem: Bogota City has a big problem in its food supply framed by the inefficiency in the capillary distribution, raising costs to households, which generates difficulties in accessing food mainly to strata 1 and 2.Objective: Define a strategy for the planning of the efficient supply operation of fruits and vegetables to the south of the city.Method: An analysis of the behavior of the system proposed by the the Master Plan for Supply and Food Security of Bogotá was carried out, using a correlational descriptive method for the analysis of the variables, from the characterization of food in 4 locations, and other secondary sources.Results: In the first phase of this model, it was determined the allocations of the load to be distributed from three (3) logistic platforms towards 4 localities based on mixed integer mathematical programming. In the second phase, a basic VRP model was developed that allowed to determine the routing of vehicles with the remaining fruit and vegetables loads to be delivered.Conclusions: The work is relevant as a contribution to the optimal management of food supply through the use of mathematical models, given that it covers fixed costs both for deposits and for the use of vehicles, with a two-phase model. This can contribute to food security through greater access to food with reduced prices and timely availability in the target areas of study.Originality: Staged models that complement each other to define the complete food supply operation.Limitations: The models must be used with a minimum of knowledge on the subject.
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Droj, Gabriela, Laurențiu Droj, and Ana-Cornelia Badea. "GIS-Based Survey over the Public Transport Strategy: An Instrument for Economic and Sustainable Urban Traffic Planning." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11010016.
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Traffic has a direct impact on local and regional economies, on pollution levels and is also a major source of discomfort and frustration for the public who have to deal with congestion, accidents or detours due to road works or accidents. Congestion in urban areas is a common phenomenon nowadays, as the main arteries of cities become congested during peak hours or when there are additional constraints such as traffic accidents and road works that slow down traffic on road sections. When traffic increases, it is observed that some roads are predisposed to congestion, while others are not. It is evident that both congestion and urban traffic itself are influenced by several factors represented by complex geospatial data and the spatial relationships between them. In this paper were integrated mathematical models, real time traffic data with network analysis and simulation procedures in order to analyze the public transportation in Oradea and the impact on urban traffic. A mathematical model was also adapted to simulate the travel choices of the population of the city and of the surrounding villages. Based on the network analysis, traffic analysis and on the traveling simulation, the elements generating traffic congestion in the inner city can be easily determined. The results of the case study are emphasizing that diminishing the traffic and its effects can be obtained by improving either the public transport density or its accessibility.
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Rahman, Azizur, Md Abdul Kuddus, Ryan H. L. Ip, and Michael Bewong. "A Review of COVID-19 Modelling Strategies in Three Countries to Develop a Research Framework for Regional Areas." Viruses 13, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 2185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112185.
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At the end of December 2019, an outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan city, China. Modelling plays a crucial role in developing a strategy to prevent a disease outbreak from spreading around the globe. Models have contributed to the perspicacity of epidemiological variations between and within nations and the planning of desired control strategies. In this paper, a literature review was conducted to summarise knowledge about COVID-19 disease modelling in three countries—China, the UK and Australia—to develop a robust research framework for the regional areas that are urban and rural health districts of New South Wales, Australia. In different aspects of modelling, summarising disease and intervention strategies can help policymakers control the outbreak of COVID-19 and may motivate modelling disease-related research at a finer level of regional geospatial scales in the future.
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Ekster, Alex, Vasiliy Alchakov, Ivan Meleshin, and Alexandr Larionenko. "Modeling Performance of Butterfly Valves Using Machine Learning Methods." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 13545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413545.
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Control of airflow of activated sludge systems has significant challenges due to the non-linearity of the control element (butterfly valve). To overcome this challenge, some valve manufacturers developed valves with linear characteristics. However, these valves are 10–100 times more expensive than butterfly valves. By developing models for butterfly valves installed characteristics and utilizing these models for real-time airflow control, the authors of this paper aimed to achieve the same accuracy of control using butterfly valves as achieved using valves with linear characteristics. Several approaches were tested to model the installed valve’s characteristics, such as a formal mathematical model utilizing Simscape/Matlab software, a semi-empirical model, and several machine learning methods (MLM), including regression, support vector machine, Gaussian process, decision tree, and deep learning. Several versions of the airflow-valve position models were developed using each machine learning method listed above. The one with the smallest forecast error was selected for field testing at the 55.5×103 m3/day 12 MGD City of Chico activated sludge system. Field testing of the formal mathematical model, semi-empirical model, and the regularized gradient boosting machine model (the best among MLMs) showed that the regularized gradient boosting machine model (RGBMM) provided the best accuracy. The use of the RGBMMs in airflow control loops since 2019 at the City of Chico wastewater treatment plant showed that these models are robust and accurate (2.9% median error).
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Rahimi, Iman, Amir H. Gandomi, Panagiotis G. Asteris, and Fang Chen. "Analysis and Prediction of COVID-19 Using SIR, SEIQR, and Machine Learning Models: Australia, Italy, and UK Cases." Information 12, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12030109.
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The novel coronavirus disease, also known as COVID-19, is a disease outbreak that was first identified in Wuhan, a Central Chinese city. In this report, a short analysis focusing on Australia, Italy, and UK is conducted. The analysis includes confirmed and recovered cases and deaths, the growth rate in Australia compared with that in Italy and UK, and the trend of the disease in different Australian regions. Mathematical approaches based on susceptible, infected, and recovered (SIR) cases and susceptible, exposed, infected, quarantined, and recovered (SEIQR) cases models are proposed to predict epidemiology in the above-mentioned countries. Since the performance of the classic forms of SIR and SEIQR depends on parameter settings, some optimization algorithms, namely Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (BFGS), conjugate gradients (CG), limited memory bound constrained BFGS (L-BFGS-B), and Nelder–Mead, are proposed to optimize the parameters and the predictive capabilities of the SIR and SEIQR models. The results of the optimized SIR and SEIQR models were compared with those of two well-known machine learning algorithms, i.e., the Prophet algorithm and logistic function. The results demonstrate the different behaviors of these algorithms in different countries as well as the better performance of the improved SIR and SEIQR models. Moreover, the Prophet algorithm was found to provide better prediction performance than the logistic function, as well as better prediction performance for Italy and UK cases than for Australian cases. Therefore, it seems that the Prophet algorithm is suitable for data with an increasing trend in the context of a pandemic. Optimization of SIR and SEIQR model parameters yielded a significant improvement in the prediction accuracy of the models. Despite the availability of several algorithms for trend predictions in this pandemic, there is no single algorithm that would be optimal for all cases.
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Alexander, Jacqui. "Domesticity On-Demand: The Architectural and Urban Implications of Airbnb in Melbourne, Australia." Urban Science 2, no. 3 (September 12, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci2030088.
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The home-sharing platform, Airbnb, is disrupting the social and spatial dynamics of cities. While there is a growing body of literature examining the effects of Airbnb on housing supply in first-world, urban environments, impacts on dwellings and dwelling typologies remain underexplored. This research paper investigates the implications of “on-demand domesticity” in Australia’s second largest city, Melbourne, where the uptake of Airbnb has been enthusiastic, rapid, and unregulated. In contrast to Airbnb’s opportunistic use of existing housing stock in other global cities, the rise of short-term holiday rentals and the construction of new homes in Melbourne has been more symbiotic, perpetuating, and even driving housing models—with some confronting results. This paper highlights the challenges and opportunities that Airbnb presents for the domestic landscape of Melbourne, exposing loopholes and grey areas in the planning and building codes which have enabled peculiar domestic mutations to spring up in the city’s suburbs, catering exclusively to the sharing economy. Through an analysis of publically available spatial data, including GIS, architectural drawings, planning documents, and building and planning codes, this paper explores the spatial and ethical implications of this urban phenomenon. Ultimately arguing that the sharing economy may benefit from a spatial response if it presents a spatial problem, this paper proposes that strategic planning could assist in recalibrating and subverting the effects of global disruption in favor of local interests. Such a framework could limit the pernicious effects of Airbnb, while stimulating activity in areas in need of rejuvenation, representing a more nuanced, context-specific approach to policy and governance.
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Ng, Matthew Kok Ming, Josephine Roper, Chyi Lin Lee, and Christopher Pettit. "The Reflection of Income Segregation and Accessibility Cleavages in Sydney’s House Prices." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11070413.
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Cities often show residential income segregation, and the price of housing is generally related to employment accessibility, but how do these factors intersect? We analyse Greater Sydney, Australia, a metropolitan area of 5 million people. Sydney is found to have reasonably even employment accessibility by car, reflecting the increasingly polycentric nature of the modern city; however, it also shows considerable income segregation and variance in property prices between different parts of the city. Entropy is used to examine diversity and mixing of different income groups. Finally, hedonic price models using ordinary-least squares and geographically-weighted regression techniques show the differing effects of employment accessibility on house prices in different parts of the city. The results show that accessibility has small to negative effects on prices in the most valuable areas, suggesting that other effects such as recreational access and employment type/quality may be more important determinants of house prices in these areas.
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Zhao, Yizhen, Jiannong Cao, Wenyu Wang, and Xiaodong Zhang. "Analysis of land use change on urban landscape patterns in Northwest China: A case study of Xi’an city." Open Geosciences 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 863–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0399.
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Abstract Xi’an, an inland city in Northwest China, borders the Qinling Mountains to the south and Wei River to the north. This city is rich in biodiversity and occupies a unique position in China. In the past few decades, human activities have led to great changes in land use in Xi’an city, and the ecosystem has experienced an accelerated fragmentation process. This study analyzed the degree of land use change and landscape fragmentation in the region. Land use data in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2018 were used to evaluate the effects of land use change on the landscape pattern in Xi’an city at different scales using mathematical models and landscape indices. Results show that from 1990 to 2018, built-up land expanded the most, from 7.34 to 13.51%. Cropland decreased the most, from 40.12 to 29.81%. Overall, the fragmentation degree of cropland patches decreased, and the fragmentation degree of built-up land patches increased. The landscape patterns of different districts and counties show different change directions. The results can provide necessary information for land use planning and land resource allocation in inland cities in Northwest China.
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Mondragón, Román, Joaquín Alonso-Montesinos, David Riveros-Rosas, Mauro Valdés, Héctor Estévez, Adriana E. González-Cabrera, and Wolfgang Stremme. "Attenuation Factor Estimation of Direct Normal Irradiance Combining Sky Camera Images and Mathematical Models in an Inter-Tropical Area." Remote Sensing 12, no. 7 (April 9, 2020): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12071212.
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Nowadays, it is of great interest to know and forecast the solar energy resource that will be constantly available in order to optimize its use. The generation of electrical energy using CSP (concentrated solar power) plants is mostly affected by atmospheric changes. Therefore, forecasting solar irradiance is essential for planning a plant’s operation. Solar irradiance/atmospheric (clouds) interaction studies using satellite and sky images can help to prepare plant operators for solar surface irradiance fluctuations. In this work, we present three methodologies that allow us to estimate direct normal irradiance (DNI). The study was carried out at the Solar Irradiance Observatory (SIO) at the Geophysics Institute (UNAM) in Mexico City using corresponding images obtained with a sky camera and starting from a clear sky model. The multiple linear regression and polynomial regression models as well as the neural networks model designed in the present study, were structured to work under all sky conditions (cloudy, partly cloudy and cloudless), obtaining estimation results with 82% certainty for all sky types.
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Gorbachev, Aleksey. "Review on optimization models and methods for shuttle urban and main transport timetables and traffic schedules." Transport automation research 8, no. 3 (September 13, 2022): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2412-9186-2022-8-03-287-295.
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Review for used at the moment models and methods for the creation and optimization of shuttle timetables for urban and main transport is given in the article, major differences between post-Soviet and foreign experience in the technology of timetable and traffic schedule creation are considered. The article contains phased analysis of approaches to planning the work of urban transport. The issues of dividing the city transport network into routes, the problems of vehicle distribution between them are given, the mathematical models of shuttle transport timetables, the assignments of real vehicles of certain types to squads and drivers distribution between them for each date are presented, major reasons for using aperiodic urban transport traffic schedules on post-Soviet area are pointed. The history of the development of software automation systems for urban transport traffic schedules is narrated, there’re considered major approaches, implementing an automation for the creation of periodic, aperiodic and hybrid timetables and traffic schedules, for to develop modern informational systems for the being considered purposes.
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Rodríguez, J. P., S. Achleitner, M. Möderl, W. Rauch, Č. Maksimović, N. McIntyre, M. A. Díaz-Granados, and M. S. Rodríguez. "Sediment and pollutant load modelling using an integrated urban drainage modelling toolbox: an application of City Drain." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 9 (May 1, 2010): 2273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.139.
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Numerical and computational modelling of flow and pollutant dynamics in urban drainage systems is becoming more and more integral to planning and design. The main aim of integrated flow and pollutant models is to quantify the efficiency of different measures at reducing the amount of pollutants discharged into receiving water bodies and minimise the consequent negative water quality impact. The open source toolbox CITY DRAIN developed in the Matlab/Simulink© environment, which was designed for integrated modelling of urban drainage systems, is used in this work. The goal in this study was to implement and test computational routines for representing sediment and pollutant loads in order to evaluate catchment surface pollution. Tested models estimate the accumulation, erosion and transport of pollutants—aggregately—on urban surfaces and in sewers. The toolbox now includes mathematical formulations for accumulation of pollutants during dry weather period and their wash-off during rainfall events. The experimental data acquired in a previous research project carried out by the Environmental Engineering Research Centre (CIIA) at the Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá (Colombia) was used for the calibration of the models. Different numerical approaches were tested for their ability to calibrate to the sediment transport conditions. Initial results indicate, when there is more than one peak during the rainfall event duration, wash-off processes probably can be better represented using a model based on the flow instead of the rainfall intensity. Additionally, it was observed that using more detailed models (compared with an instantaneous approach) for representing pollutant accumulation do not necessarily lead to better results.
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Bahadori, Mohammad Sadegh, Alexandre B. Gonçalves, and Filipe Moura. "A Systematic Review of Station Location Techniques for Bicycle-Sharing Systems Planning and Operation." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080554.
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Designing or expanding a bicycle-sharing system (BSS) involves addressing the infrastructure’s location of the bicycle stations. Station location is an essential factor for designing and implementing a new system or for its operation. In a complex spatial optimization context, geographic information systems (GIS) can support this decision problem. There are also numerous ways of subdividing the broad spectrum of location-allocation models used in previous studies. However, a station location comprehensive review and systematization with the specific aim of characterizing the state of the art of BSS is missing. The present research aimed to provide a comprehensive systematization for station location problems, criteria, and techniques, seeking to identify the current state of practice. We searched scientific publication databases to collect relevant publications—the final list comprised 24 papers for the literature review. The systematization addresses the two major problems concerning bicycle station location: initial network design and operation improvement (where changes in operating a BSS are implemented). Based on the literature, we propose a set of four main criteria for choosing appropriate places for bike stations (or parking) in a city: “bike network”, “operator”, “user”, and “city infrastructure”. The sub-criteria mentioned in the literature are categorized based on the proposed classification and new sub-criteria are suggested. We also group location modeling techniques into three categories: “mathematical algorithms”, “multi-criteria decision making”, and “GIS”. Combining GIS and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) has received more attention in recent years to locate bike stations, evaluate their operating performance, and have more accurate and practical results.
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Wen, Liang, Dora Marinova, Jeffrey Kenworthy, and Xiumei Guo. "Street Recovery in the Age of COVID-19: Simultaneous Design for Mobility, Customer Traffic and Physical Distancing." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063653.
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This paper explores the relationship between urban traffic, retail location and disease control during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and tries to find a way to simultaneously address these issues for the purpose of street recovery. Drawing on the concept of the 15 min city, the study also aims at seeking COVID-19 exit paths and next-normal operating models to support long-term business prosperity using a case study of Royal Street, East Perth in Western Australia. Nearly half of the shops became vacant or closed at the end of 2020 along the east section of Royal Street, demonstrating the fragility of small business in a car-oriented street milieu that is inadequately supported by proper physical, digital and social infrastructure. A key finding from the analysis is the formulation of the concept of the Minute City. This describes a truly proximity-centred and socially driven hyper-local city, where residents and retailers work together on the local street as a walkable public open space (other than movement space), and benefit from ameliorated traffic flow, improved business location and a safer, connected community.
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Krile, Srećko, Nikolai Maiorov, and Vladimir Fetisov. "Modernization of the Infrastructure of Marine Passenger Port Based on Synthesis of the Structure and Forecasting Development." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073869.
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Passenger seaports are new starting-points of urban development. They form a new independent industry, become new incentives for improving urban infrastructure and increase the tourist attractiveness of the city itself and the region. In view of changes in passenger service processes, changes in route ferry and cruise networks, due to COVID-19, the heads of ports and terminals set new strategic tasks to determine the directions for infrastructure modernization and forecast development. The regions of the Adriatic and Baltic Seas were chosen as the experimental base. To find new answers, it is necessary to solve the problem of synthesizing the structure of a sea passenger port, taking into account all processes and services, the influence of the external environment, building a system of target functions and limiting conditions. Thus, the necessity of forming informed decisions on modernization based on the construction of new mathematical models is substantiated. A new function has been introduced that describes the influence of the external environment. Particular attention is given to the study of the mutual influence of the city and the sea passenger port in order to determine the need to improve transport accessibility and change the near-port transport space. The presented models of structure synthesis and target functions, models including functions of the influence of the external environment on the system “city infrastructure-sea passenger port-ferry company” allow at a qualitatively new level to solve the problem of forecasting development and form a system making decisions to improve the position of the passenger terminal in the sea region. The developed models and synthesis problem formation are applicable to sea passenger ports and terminals in other regions of the seas. The models are applicable both at the stage of creating a new marine terminal and during the study and subsequent modernization of the infrastructure. The presented new models allow the port manager to give answers to the questions of strategic development of sea passenger ports in sea regions.
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Jin, Youjie, Jianyun Zhang, Na Liu, Chenxi Li, and Guoqing Wang. "Geomatic-Based Flood Loss Assessment and Its Application in an Eastern City of China." Water 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14010126.
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Flash-flood disasters pose a serious threat to lives and property. To meet the increasing demand for refined and rapid assessment on flood loss, this study exploits geomatic technology to integrate multi-source heterogeneous data and put forward the comprehensive risk index (CRI) calculation with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). Based on mathematical correlations between CRIs and actual losses of flood disasters in Weifang City, the direct economic loss rate (DELR) model and the agricultural economic loss rate (AELR) model were developed. The case study shows that the CRI system can accurately reflect the risk level of a flash-flood disaster. Both models are capable of simulating disaster impacts. The results are generally consistent with actual impacts. The quantified economic losses generated from simulation are close to actual losses. The spatial resolution is up to 100 × 100 m. This study provides a loss assessment method with high temporal and spatial resolution, which can quickly assess the loss of rainstorm and flood disasters. The method proposed in this paper, coupled with a case study, provides a reliable reference to loss assessment on flash floods caused disasters and will be helpful to the existing literature.
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Apriana, Mita, and Erliza Syahrani. "Land Surface Temperature and its Relationship to Population Density." Journal of Applied Geospatial Information 6, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jagi.v6i1.1936.
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Population density due to urbanization contributes to the SUHI phenomenon and urban climate change. Understanding the SUHI phenomenon that brings enormous negative impacts to the environment and human life, Land Surface Temperature (LST) assessment is essential for creating a feasible and livable city. By utilizing the data of 1999 and 2018, this study aims to assess the LST value and its relationship to population density in Tanjungpinang city over two decades. As an island, Tanjungpinang has a vulnerability to SUHI and the climate change phenomenon. This study applied GIS and remote sensing models based on the mathematical formula of digital remote sensing images to calculate the LST value, and the relationship between LST and population density was examined using correlation analyses with Microsoft Excel. The results showed that Tanjungpinang city had increased 3.5oC in LST and 94.80% in density population over two decades. SUHI phenomenon has occurred during this period. It also indicated that there was a significant relationship between population density and LST. The LST spatial pattern spread from west to east of Tanjungpinang city was in line with the population density distribution pattern. The area with the highest percentage of population density addition and experienced the highest LST was Tanjungpinang Barat District. This study considers local governments to create effective population control and adaptive planning strategies for SUHI phenomenon mitigation.
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Wang, Yuzheng, Lei Nie, Chang Liu, Min Zhang, Yan Xu, Yuhang Teng, Chonghao Bao, et al. "Rainfall Warning Model for Rainfall-Triggered Channelized Debris Flow Based on Physical Model Test—A Case Study of Laomao Mountain Debris Flow in Dalian City." Water 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081083.
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Debris flows are among the most frequent and hazardous disasters worldwide. Debris flow hazard prediction is an important and effective means of engineering disaster mitigation, and rainfall threshold is the core issue in debris flow prediction. This study selected the Laomao Mountain debris flow in Dalian as the research object and explored the relationship among the percentage of coarse sand content of soil, rainfall conditions and the critical rainfall values that induce debris flows on the basis of field investigation data, combined with the results of a flume test, soil suction measurement and geomechanical analysis. The new multi-parameter debris flow initiation warning models were obtained through the mathematical regression analysis method. The critical rainfall values of debris flows in this area were calculated by the previous research on the mechanism of hydraulic debris flow initiation (HIMM). Lastly, the multi-parameter debris flow initiation warning models were compared and analyzed with the critical rainfall values obtained using the HIMM method and the rainfall information available in historical rainfall data, and the reliability of the models was verified. The comparison results showed that the new multi-parameter debris flow initiation warning models can effectively modify the traditional intensity–duration model and have certain reliability and practical values. They can provide an effectual scientific basis for future work on the monitoring and prediction of debris flow disasters.
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Lipson, Mathew J., Melissa A. Hart, and Marcus Thatcher. "Efficiently modelling urban heat storage: an interface conduction scheme in an urban land surface model (aTEB v2.0)." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 991–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-991-2017.
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Abstract. Intercomparison studies of models simulating the partitioning of energy over urban land surfaces have shown that the heat storage term is often poorly represented. In this study, two implicit discrete schemes representing heat conduction through urban materials are compared. We show that a well-established method of representing conduction systematically underestimates the magnitude of heat storage compared with exact solutions of one-dimensional heat transfer. We propose an alternative method of similar complexity that is better able to match exact solutions at typically employed resolutions. The proposed interface conduction scheme is implemented in an urban land surface model and its impact assessed over a 15-month observation period for a site in Melbourne, Australia, resulting in improved overall model performance for a variety of common material parameter choices and aerodynamic heat transfer parameterisations. The proposed scheme has the potential to benefit land surface models where computational constraints require a high level of discretisation in time and space, for example at neighbourhood/city scales, and where realistic material properties are preferred, for example in studies investigating impacts of urban planning changes.
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Om, Dorji, Chompunooch Thamanukornsri, kado, and Montip Tiensuwan. "Application of Box-Jenkins Models to the Tourist Inflow in Bhutan." Journal of Mathematical Sciences & Computational Mathematics 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2021): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/jmscm.3102.
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Bhutan has now increasingly become a popular destination for many international tourists. Tourism in Bhutan is considered as one of the largest foreign earning industries. The number of tourist inflow in the country is increasing year by year. Forecasting is very necessary for administration and tourist agent for creating awareness and planning for the future development. It can also predict the future trends as accurately as possible and helps in staying one step ahead of the competition. This study aims to apply mathematical model for forecasting monthly tourist inflow from Malaysia, Singapore, China, USA, England, France, Germany, Thailand, Australia and Japan to Bhutan. The Box-Jenkins model is used to identify the parameters of Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model of monthly tourist visited data of above mentioned countries in the period 2011-2015 obtained from Tourism Council of Bhutan. An Akaike's Information Criterion, Schwartz's Bayesian Criterion and estimate variance of white noise are used throughout to test for the identification of best fit model. Further, the periodogram analysis was used to confirm the seasonal period of the model. The results showed ARIMA model for Thai, Chinese, Malaysian and Japanese, while seasonal ARIMA for American, Australian, British, French, Singaporean and German. Further, seasonal ARIMA model was obtained as the best fit model for the overall data. These models are illustrated and could possibly forecast the monthly tourist inflow of one year ahead with acceptable accuracy.
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Emamgholian, S., J. Pouliot, D. Shojaei, and L. M. Losier. "A WEB-BASED PLANNING PERMIT ASSESSMENT PROTOTYPE: ITWIN4PP." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W4-2022 (October 14, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w4-2022-37-2022.
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Abstract. The current process of issuing planning permits mostly relies on checking Land-use Regulations (LuRs) against two-dimensional (2D) analogue or digital proposed development plans. Checking three-dimensional (3D) LuRs within 2D proposed development plans results in challenges for decision-makers to understand LuRs’ limits and the impacts of the proposed developments on existing buildings in their surrounded proximity. Given the advancement of 3D geospatial technologies, to overcome such challenges and facilitate the process of issuing planning permits, 3D digital approaches should be developed for effective 3D storage, analysis, and visualisation of 3D LuRs and detection of their potential conflicts. This paper, as part of an internship project with Bentley systems, aims to design and develop a web-based 3D visualisation prototype called iTwin4PP for issuing planning permits using Bentley iTwin platform. This prototype first demonstrates how 3D LuRs related to planning approval can be modelled automatically in 3D and combined with an integrated BIM-GIS environment including BIM designs of the proposed developments and GIS models of planning/city-data. Then, the prototype considers the possibility of 3D spatial analyses (especially proximity analysis) for verifying 3D LuRs automatically to detect potential spatio-semantic conflicts that may arise between modelled LuRs and physical/planning objects. Five LuRs subject to planning approval in Victorian jurisdiction, in Australia, including height limits, energy efficiency protection, overshadowing open space, noise impacts, and overlooking are highlighted. While these LuRs are specific to Melbourne’s planning scheme ordinance, we believe that the prototype and encountered challenges in integrating different sources of information especially BIM and GIS, modelling 3D LuRs, and detecting their potential conflicts are common and can be applied in other jurisdictions.
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Baranov, Georgyi, and Tetyana Danylova. "FORMING THE CONCEPT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT OF THE CITIZENS ‘INTELLECTUAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 1 (257)’ 2019 (March 29, 2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-1-257-12-19.
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This article is devoted to the process of modeling dynamic systems of city intelligent transport systems (CITS) with the help of information technologies. The proposed means of fundamentally new integrated subsystems CITS, simultaneously covers arrays of heterogeneous data and use modern neural network technologies to provide information support for the management of transport systems. The safety of the ecological state as a result of the influence of urban traffic in the conditions of industrial centers was formalized for information technologies. Descriptions are executed as mathematical models of complex particles of objects of the city intellectual transport network with the use of heterogeneous fragments. Strategies and methods of systematic management are analyzed for solving complex problems of reducing the ecological load of the city. Ontological descriptions in basic model forms that are focused on ensuring the safety and ecology of urban applications to overcome contamination, risks and threats. This direction involves the creation of systems for automated management of transport infrastructure, which at the moment requires the solution of a range of scientific and technical tasks.The built-in neural network models of dependence will effectively solve planning problems with controlling influences on the infrastructure of urban intelligent transport systems, which will improve the characteristics of the traffic flow and reduce the environmental burden on the environment. The analysis of transport infrastructure and the activities of organizations that have a direct influence on it, has allowed us to propose a scheme for the use of heterogeneous information in the information support of the management of environmental safety and the throughput of the street-road network of urban intelligent transport systems. Keywords: information technology, transport system, situational management, risks, models of the situation.
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Ruškić, Nenad, Valentina Mirović, Milovan Marić, Lato Pezo, Biljana Lončar, Milica Nićetin, and Ljiljana Ćurčić. "Model for Determining Noise Level Depending on Traffic Volume at Intersections." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 12443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912443.
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The negative external effects caused by traffic growth have been recognized as the main factors that degrade city quality of life. Therefore, research around the world is being conducted to understand the impact of traffic better and find adequate measures to reduce the negative impact of traffic growth. The central part of this research consists of mathematical models for simulating the negative consequences of congestion and noise pollution. Four non-linear models for determining noise levels as a function of traffic flow parameters (intensity and structure) in the urban environment were developed. The non-linear models, including two artificial neural networks and two random forest models, were developed according to the experimental measurements in Novi Sad, Serbia, in 2019. These non-linear models showed high anticipation accuracy of the equivalent continuous sound level (Laeq), with R2 values of 0.697, 0.703, 0.959 and 0.882, respectively. According to the developed ANN models, global sensitivity analysis was performed, according to which the number of buses at crossings was the most positively signed influential parameter in Laeq evaluation, while the lowest Laeq value was reached during nighttime. The locations occupied by frequent traffic such as Futoska and Temerinska positively influenced the Laeq value.
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Chai, Huo, Ruichun He, Changxi Ma, Cunjie Dai, and Kun Zhou. "Path Planning and Vehicle Scheduling Optimization for Logistic Distribution of Hazardous Materials in Full Container Load." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9685125.
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Mathematical models for path planning and vehicle scheduling for logistic distribution of hazardous materials in full container load (FCL) are established, with their problem-solving methods proposed. First, a two-stage multiobjective optimization algorithm is designed for path planning. In the first stage, pulse algorithm is used to obtain the Pareto paths from the distribution center to each destination. In the second stage, a multiobjective optimization method based on Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) is designed to obtain candidate transport paths. Second, with analysis on the operating process of vehicles with hazardous materials in FCL, the vehicle scheduling problem is converted to Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW). A problem-solving method based on estimation of distribution is adopted. A transport timetable for all vehicles based on their transport paths is calculated, with participation of the decision-makers. A visual vehicle scheduling plan is presented for the decision-makers. Last, two examples are used to test the method proposed in this study: distribution of hazardous materials in a small-scale test network and distribution of oil products for sixteen gas stations in the main districts of Lanzhou city. In both examples, our method is used to obtain the path selection and vehicle scheduling plan, proving that validity of our method is verified.
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Nevat, Ido, and Muhammad Omer Mughal. "Urban Climate Risk Mitigation via Optimal Spatial Resource Allocation." Atmosphere 13, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030439.
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Decision makers (DMs) who are involved in urban planning are often required to allocate finite resources (say, money) to improve outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) levels in a region (e.g., city, canton, country). In this paper, for the first time, we address the following two questions, which are directly related to this requirement: (1) How can the statistical properties of the spatial risk profile of an urban area from an OTC perspective be quantified, no matter which OTC index the DM chooses to use? (2) Given the risk profile, how much and where should the DM allocate the finite resources to improve the OTC levels? We answer these fundamental questions by developing a new and rigorous mathematical framework as well as a new class of models for spatial risk models. Our approach is based on methods from machine learning: first, a surrogate model of the OTC index that provides both accuracy and mathematical tractability is developed via regression analysis. Next, we incorporate the imperfect climate model and derive the statistical properties of the OTC index. We present the concept of spatio-temporal aggregate risk (STAR) measures and derive their statistical properties. Finally, building on our derivations, we develop a new algorithm for spatial resource allocation, which is useful for DMs and is based on modern portfolio theory. We implemented the tool and used it to illustrate its operation on a practical case of the large-scale area of Singapore using a WRF climate model.
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R., Feshchur, and Sosnova N. "EVALUATION OF THE GENERAL ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE URBAN PUBLIC SPACE ACCORDING TO MANY CRITERIA." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Arhìtektura 2, no. 2 (November 2020): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sa2020.02.193.
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Cities are constantly changing – new and existing facilities are created and reconstructed, existing ones are modernized, and new territories are developed, and, accordingly, public spaces are formed and develop in a certain way. To a large extent, this process is random and does not take place systematically, but this rather happens as a response to the urgent economic, environmental, social or other needs of city residents. Development management in the urban planning system is designed to solve the controversial problem of maintaining integrity and at the same time striving for its transformation. The use of the tools of mathematical modeling, considered in the article, allows one to solve the problems of spatial development of a city and its public spaces in a purposeful way, and to coordinate such a solution with the interests of stakeholders. When forming public spaces of a city one faces the task of streamlining competing development projects (alternative projects) for a particular area of a city, taking into account the importance of their impact on the establishment of a distinctive image of the city and ensuring quality of life of its residents. To solve this problem, it is advisable to use methods of expert evaluation of design decisions, in particular, methods of ranking, valuating, and folding vector-valued criterion into a scalar criterion (integrated indicator of project weight). Ranking means assignment of a certain rank (a number from the natural series) to every project. The most important project is given the highest rank, which corresponds to number "one". The sum of the ranks given by all experts to a particular project can be considered as a generalized value of its weight. The article considers approaches to the assessment of urban public spaces on the basis of various criteria, namely urban, social, economic, environmental ones. The developed models of public space planning are designed for making a reasonable choice from a set of alternative projects subject to implementation, either according to the dominant criterion or according to many criteria in the conditions of resource constraints.
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Rychak, Nataliy, and Natalya Kizilova. "Mathematical modeling of drinking water availability in Kharkiv region (Ukraine) at different dynamics of global climate warming." EUREKA: Life Sciences, no. 4 (November 14, 2022): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2022.002610.
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Water purity and availability determines health and life quality of humans, biodiversity and existence of plants and animals. The results of global climate change have been registered all over the world as progressive warming with fast heat waves, accelerated glacier ice melting, variations in the global ocean streams and heat balance, droughts and lack of drinking water, damage to plants and animals. Mathematical modeling of the water exchange in local ecosystems is a very important constituent of detailed analysis of different scenarios of water availability at various trends in the weather change.
The work is aimed at mathematical modelling of water balance in an urban ecosystem accounting for global climate changes. A brief review of the models is presented, and a synthetic model for the water balance on the urban territory of Kharkiv city (Ukraine) based on the statistical dependencies, compartmental system dynamics approach and hydrological equation with probabilistic description of the input parameters is developed. The monthly and year averaged temperature and precipitation curves, time series on downpours, droughts and storms over the Kharkiv region and Kharkiv city during 1908−2012 years were collected from the open databases and analyzed. Gradual increase in the annual temperature was confirmed.
Different scenarios of the regional development (population growth and industry development with increased water demands) and weather changes were tested, and availability of water has been estimated. It was established by numerical simulations, the water insufficiency in the region in 2040 could reach 10−17 % if the mean annual air temperature increases in 0.5−2.5 °T. This will cause damage for plants, animals, and human health. The obtained results are important for decision making by official planning authorities and regional administration
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Vassil, John C., Linda Winn, and David J. Heslop. "The Sun Herald Sydney City-2-Surf Fun Run – Historical Injury Patterns and Factors Influencing Injury Type and Frequency." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20000175.
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AbstractIntroduction:The Sydney City-2-Surf (Australia) fun run is the world’s largest annual run entered by around 80,000 people. First aid planning at mass-participation running events such as the City-2-Surf is an area in the medical literature that has received little attention. Consequently, first aid planning for these events is based on experience rather than evidence. The models for predicting casualties that currently exist in the literature are either dated or not statistically significant.Aim:The aim of this study was to characterize patterns of injuries linked to geographic location across the course of the City-2-Surf, and to explore relationships of injury types with location and meteorological conditions.Methods:Records for formally treated casualties and meteorological conditions were obtained for the race years 2010-2016 and statistically analyzed to find associations between meteorological conditions, geographic conditions, casualty types, and location.Results:The most common casualties encountered were heat exhaustion or hyperthermia (39.2%), musculoskeletal (25.4%), and physical exhaustion (10.2%). Associations were found between gradient and the location. Type of casualty incidence with the individual distribution trends of casualty types were quite clear. Clusters of musculoskeletal casualties emerged in the parts of the course with the steepest negative gradients, while a cluster of cardiovascular events was found to occur at the top of the “heartbreak hill,” the longest climb of the race. Regression analysis highlighted the linear relationship between the number of heat and physical exhaustion casualties and the apparent temperature (AT) at 12:00pm (R2 = 0.59; P = .044). This linear equation was used to formulate a model to predict these casualties.Conclusion:The findings of this study demonstrate the relationship between meteorological conditions, geographic conditions, and casualties. This will assist planners of other similar events to determine optimum allocation of resources to anticipated injury and illness burden.
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Zaleckis, Kęstutis, Jūratė Kamičaitytė, Aušra Mlinkauskienė, and Laura Jankauskaitė-Jurevičienė. "Modeling of Changes in Four Urban Capitals Using Up-to-Date Information Systems and Mathematical Graph-Based Simulative Models for Urban Regeneration (Kaunas Case)." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 17014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142417014.
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There are numbers of various new infill constructions and renovations occurring in many cities annually that are based more on bottom-up initiatives by various stakeholders rather than top-down initiated plans according to a city master plan. Such infill modifications of urban structure might look small, not very numerous and insignificant at the first glance, but even small changes in a complex system such as a city can cause significant shifts in the functioning of the urban network. The presented research, developed on mathematical graph simulative modeling, including space syntax but not restricting the model to it, and employing the theory of four urban capitals by Lars Marcus, offers a way to analyze how the spatial, social, ecological and economic capitals of Kaunas will change if all the currently confirmed and publicly announced construction projects are implemented. The urban spatial network is seen as an integrator and enabler of interactions between the other three capitals. Each of the capitals is represented by quantitative data in the weighted mathematical graph: spatial capital by the perimeters of buildings accessible from a public space; social capital by the number of inhabitants; economic capital by the mean values of land prices; and ecological capital by the size of green areas and their infrastructure. All the data for modeling of changes in the capitals, except the future land prices, was based on information from implemented and planned projects. In order to predict them, a neural network tool was applied. Considering that changes in the absolute values of capitals are in essence limited by local context (e.g., number of inhabitants, market size, natural geographical conditions, and limits of spatial structure for densification), the idea of a positive synergy between urban capitals is proposed and explained in this article. All the presented simulation models are validated using independent open data as density of points of interests, etc. The results of the investigation reveal that synergy between capitals will decrease in Kaunas and that complex top-down coordination of bottom-up initiated urban projects is needed.
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Pettit, Chris, Y. Shi, H. Han, M. Rittenbruch, M. Foth, S. Lieske, R. van den Nouwelant, et al. "A new toolkit for land value analysis and scenario planning." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 8 (May 18, 2020): 1490–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808320924678.
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In the digital era of big data, data analytics and smart cities, a new generation of planning support systems is emerging. The Rapid Analytics Interactive Scenario Explorer is a novel planning support system developed to help planners and policy-makers determine the likely land value uplift associated with the provision of new city infrastructure. The Rapid Analytics Interactive Scenario Explorer toolkit was developed following a user-centred research approach including iterative design, prototyping and evaluation. Tool development was informed by user inputs obtained through a series of co-design workshops with two end-user groups: land valuers and urban planners. The paper outlines the underlying technical architecture of the toolkit, which has the ability to perform rapid calculations and visualise the results, for the end-users, through an online mapping interface. The toolkit incorporates an ensemble of hedonic pricing models to calculate and visualise value uplift and so enable the user to explore what if? scenarios. The toolkit has been validated through an iterative case study approach. Use cases were related to two policy areas: property and land valuation processes (for land taxation purposes) and value uplift scenarios (for value capture purposes). The cases tested were in Western Sydney, Australia. The paper reports on the results of the ordinary least square linear regressions – used to explore the impacts of hedonic attributes on property value at the global level – and geographically weighted regressions – developed to provide local estimates and explore the varying spatial relationships between attributes and house price across the study area. Building upon the hedonic modelling, the paper also reports the value uplift functionality of the Rapid Analytics Interactive Scenario Explorer toolkit that enables users to drag and drop new train stations and rapidly calculate expected property prices under a range of future transport scenarios. The Rapid Analytics Interactive Scenario Explorer toolkit is believed to be the first of its kind to provide this specific functionality. As it is problem and policy specific, it can be considered an example of the next generation of data-driven planning support system.
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Abdulameer, Abdulameer Layth Saeed, and Nazira T. Dzhumagulova. "Feasibility study of the cost of transporting wastewater for irrigation purposes in the administrative district of Karbala, Iraq." Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education] 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.3.9.
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Introduction. The study presents an assessment of the economic feasibility of different pipe materials used to transport treated wastewater. The choice was made between pipes made of ductile iron, glass-fiber reinforced polyester (GRP), concrete, and plastic. Hydraulic calculations of operation of an irrigation water supply and distribution system were made using WaterCAD V8i software. Two options of the system operation, that entail different flow rates and diameters, are considered: if the flow rate is equal to 1.16 m3/s and pipe diameters vary from 800 mm to 1,200 mm, and if the flow rate is equal to 4.63 m3/s, and pipe diameters vary from 1,600 to 2,000 mm. Materials and methods. The article analyzes the legal and regulatory documentation on design and construction, urban planning solutions for residential areas, architectural and structural solutions for apartment buildings, statistical and analytical reports on housing construction in Russia, presented on the Internet. Results. Irrigation water represents treated wastewater fed by the wastewater treatment facilities in the city of Karbala, Iraq. Two hydraulic models were designed with account for the above-mentioned costs. Head losses were estimated for each model with regard for all studied materials and pipe diameters using the WaterCAD V8i software and a mathematical model for the purpose of selecting the optimal pipe diameter. Conclusions. A mathematical model was developed to calculate the cost of transporting wastewater in pipes having different diameters and made of four different materials. The ratio of costs to the diameter of pipes, made of four different materials, was identified by developing an empirical equation. The co-authors used the Darcy – Weisbach technique and the Hazen – Williams method to calculate the operating costs with regard for variable diameters, flow rates for the two models, head losses due to friction, annual operation time, annual cost of electric energy, and the energy efficiency of the unit. Thus, a mathematical model was obtained, that can be applied to select the most optimal pipe diameter.
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Sun, Mengyuan, Yong Tian, Yao Zhang, Muhammad Nadeem, and Can Xu. "Environmental Impact and External Costs Associated with Hub-and-Spoke Network in Air Transport." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020465.
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Under the background of economic globalization, the air transport industry developed rapidly. It turns out that the city-to-city network has not been able to adapt well to the development of the society, and the hub-and-spoke network came into being. The hub-and-spoke network demonstrates the advantages of reducing the operating costs of airlines to keep a competitive advantage, and by maintaining the interests of airlines in the rapidly developing context. However, during the operation of aircrafts, they consume fuel and spew a great deal of harmful pollutants into the air, which has an adverse impact on the living environment. This paper explores the impact and external costs associated with hub-and-spoke network in air transport from an environmental perspective. With some mathematical models, we construct a hub-and-spoke network and take a quantitative study on the environmental impact of air transport. For calculating pollutant emissions, meteorological conditions were considered to revise the pollutant emission factors of the Engine Emissions Data Base (EEDB) published by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The environmental external costs measurement model is employed to calculate the externality of toxic gas and greenhouse gas (GHG). In order to make the study more convincing, two alternative networks are computed: hub-and-spoke network and city-to-city network. It is found that the hub-and-spoke network is associated with poorer environmental impact and environmental external costs because of the different network characteristics and the scale of the fleets. Therefore, under the general trend of green aviation, the environmental impact and environmental external costs associated with hub-and-spoke network in air transport provides a certain reference for airlines’ strategic decision-making.