Journal articles on the topic 'City noise – Ontario – Toronto'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: City noise – Ontario – Toronto.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'City noise – Ontario – Toronto.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
McCallion, Hazel. "Building on success in Mississauga, Ontario." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426240.
Full textAbstract:
Currently in her tenth term as Mayor, Hazel McCallion is the longest serving mayor in the City of Mississauga's history with over 25 years in office. Presently she sits on many boards, panels and committees. She was also Chair of the Central Ontario Smart Growth Panel, a panel which advised the Provincial Government on how to plan for growth in Central Ontario. She has been honored with numerous awards and distinctions including World Mayor 2004 finalist. The University of Toronto at Mississauga has also named the Hazel McCallion Academic Learning Centre in her honor. In 2005, she was appointed Member of the Order of Canada and was runner-up for World Mayor 2005. In 2006, Mayor McCallion was recognized as the CNW Group Communicator of the Year by the Toronto Chapter of the International Association of Business Communicators (I ABC). The text that follows is an edited version of a paper presented by the author at the Natural City conference - "SuccessStories"- organized by the Centre for Environment, University of Toronto from 31 May to 2 June, 2006.
2
Sylvestre-Williams, Barbara, and Mehrab Mehrvar. "An air dispersion model for the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A 47, no. 8 (July 2012): 1123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2012.668090.
Full text
3
Gough, William A. "Impact of Urbanization on the Nature of Precipitation at Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 60, no. 4 (April 2021): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-20-0179.1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA newly developed precipitation phase metric is used to detect the impact of urbanization on the nature of precipitation at Toronto, Ontario, Canada, by contrasting the relative amounts of rain and snow. A total of 162 years of observed precipitation data were analyzed to classify the nature of winter-season precipitation for the city of Toronto. In addition, shorter records were examined for nearby climate stations in less-urbanized areas in and near Toronto. For Toronto, all winters from 1849 to 2010 as well as three climate normal periods (1961–90, 1971–2000, and 1981–2010) were thus categorized for the Toronto climate record. The results show that Toronto winters have become increasingly “rainy” across these time periods in a statistically significant fashion, consistent with a warming climate. Toronto was compared with the other less urban sites to tease out the impacts of the urban heat island from larger-scale warming. This yielded an estimate of 19%–27% of the Toronto shift in precipitation type (from snow to rain) that can be attributed to urbanization for coincident time periods. Other regions characterized by similar climates and urbanization with temperatures near the freezing point are likely to experience similar climatic changes expressed as a change in the phase of winter-season precipitation.
4
Lee, Hing-Biu, Thomas E. Peart, Greg Gris, and Jack Chan. "Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Industrial Wastewater Samples in Toronto, Ontario." Water Quality Research Journal 37, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 459–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.030.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), nonylphenol (NP) and its ethoxylates (NPEO) in wastewater generated in the Toronto area has been studied. In all, 97 samples from 40 facilities in ten different industry classes have been collected and analyzed. Widely divergent concentrations have been observed in these samples. They ranged from <0.01 to 195 µg/L for OP, from <0.1 to 253 µg/L for NP, from <2 to 117,570 µg/L for NPEO, and from <0.01 to 149 µg/L for BPA. The results show that the concentrations of NP and NPEO in these samples generally exceeded City of Toronto By-law (No. 457-2000) limits. The results also suggest that detergents based on NPEO are still extensively used by the commercial laundries, and also by the textile products and clothing industries. These facilities, together with several sources in the chemical and chemical products industries and the fabricated metal products industries are believed to be the major sources of NP and NPEO input into the sewer system in Toronto. In addition to the two facilities in the chemicals and chemical products sector, several commercial laundries also had significant on-site releases of BPA. Except for those collected from three facilities in the chemicals and chemical products industries, the levels of OP in these samples were generally low. Many industries in the Toronto area would have to take drastic actions to reduce releases of NPEO and NP if full compliance with the most recent City By-law regarding wastewater quality were to be achieved.
5
MacLellan, Duncan. "FAITH-BASED SCHOOLING AND THE POLITICS OF EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF ONTARIO, CANADA." POLITICS AND RELIGION JOURNAL 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 37–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54561/prj0601037m.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the political intersection of religion and education in Ontario, Canada, from1840 to 2011. Currently, Ontario is Canada’s most ethno culturally diverse province, and Toronto, its capital city, is one of the most multicultural cities in the world. The issue of public funding of religious education in Ontario has emerged at varying times in the province’s history. In particular, selective Ontario provincial election campaigns are discussed in relation to exploring the degree to which public funding of religious education and religious accommodation emerged as political issues. Social mobilization theory provides a rich and varied conceptual lens through which to examine decisions that have led to the current place of state funding of religious education in Ontario.
6
Helferty, Natalie. ""Localization": A means to reduce negative transportation impacts in the "natural city"." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 427-429 (December 1, 2004): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471427-429193.
Full textAbstract:
The author runs "Natural Heritage Consulting" in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. She is a former Adjunct Professor at Ryerson University having taught Applied Ecology as a joint program between the School of Occupational and Public Health and the School of Urban and Regional Planning. She has provided environmental policy input on government initiatives such as the formation of the Greenbelt around the City of Toronto in her capacity as a member of the Province of Ontario's Greenbelt Task Force. The text that follows is a revised and edited version of a paper presented by the author at the Natural City conference - "Success Stories" - organized by the Centre for Environment, University of Toronto from 31 May to 2 June, 2006.
7
Johnson*, (Alyn) James. "The Toronto Municipal Election: Judicial Failure to Protect the Structure of the Canadian Constitution." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 29, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/cf29404.
Full textAbstract:
In Toronto (City) v Ontario (AG),1 a recent decision on the legality of legislative interference in the Toronto 2018 municipal election, the Ontario Court of Appeal makes an alarming attempt to rewrite the Canadian Constitution. The subject of this revision is the legitimate role of unwritten principles in constitutional interpretation. Robin Elliot maintains, in a leading scholarly treatment of the subject, that unwritten principles can inform constitutional interpretation in two main ways: first, they can provide an independent basis on which to overrule impugned legislation; second, they can assist in interpreting constitutional text.2 Elliot qualifies the former usage by limiting it to those principles that “can fairly be said to arise by necessary implication from provisions of the text of the Constitution … since they have the same legal status as the text.”3 The Court of Appeal, however, states that unwritten principles cannot be used as a stand-alone basis on which to overrule legislation.4
In this article, I draw on numerous Supreme Court of Canada decisions to argue that the Ontario Court of Appeal’s view of the Constitution is, with respect, fundamentally flawed. Unwritten principles inform the structure of a democratic constitution and thereby provide legislation with its claim to legitimacy. Legislation that violates foundational unwritten principles is, of necessity, subject to judicial challenge. I also argue that the Court of Appeal’s doctrinally unsustainable approach to unwritten principles led to a flawed ruling on the legality of Ontario’s interference in the 2018 Toronto election. In Reference re Senate Reform, the Supreme Court of Canada unanimously states that “constitutional interpretation must be informed by the foundational principles of the Constitution.”5 The Court of Appeal failed to provide any detailed consideration of the democratic principle, and thereby failed to recognize the constitutional imperative that protects the integrity of the electoral process.
*PhD in Constitutional and Administrative Law, Queen’s University. Principal of Public Law Solutions, a research firm in Toronto.[1] 2019 ONCA 732 [Toronto v Ontario (CA 2019)].[2] “References, Structural Argumentation and the Organizing Principles of Canada’s Constitution” (2001) 80 Can Bar Rev 67 at 83-86, 141-42, and generally 86-98.[3] Ibid at 95. See also 83-84.0[4] Toronto v Ontario (CA 2019), supra note 1 at para 89.[5] 2014 SCC 32 at para 25 [Senate Reference].
8
Zeuli, Kimberly, Austin Nijhuis, Ronald Macfarlane, and Taryn Ridsdale. "The Impact of Climate Change on the Food System in Toronto." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 2344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112344.
Full textAbstract:
As part of its Climate Change and Health Strategy, in 2017, Toronto Public Health engaged stakeholders from across the food system to complete a high-level vulnerability assessment of the impact of climate change on the food system in Toronto. Using the Ontario Climate Change and Health Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment Guidelines, the City of Toronto’s High-Level Risk Assessment Tool, and a strategic framework developed by the Initiative for a Competitive Inner City, Toronto Public Health identified the most significant extreme weather event risks to food processing, distribution and access in Toronto. Risks associated with three extreme weather events that are the most likely to occur in Toronto due to climate change were analyzed: significant rain and flooding, an extended heat wave, and a major winter ice storm. The analysis finds that while extreme weather events could potentially disrupt Toronto’s food supply, the current risk of an extended, widespread food supply disruption is relatively low. However, the findings highlight that a concerted effort across the food system, including electrical and fuel providers, is needed to address other key vulnerabilities that could impact food access, especially for vulnerable populations. Interruptions to electricity will have food access and food safety impacts, while interruptions to the transportation network and fuel will have food distribution and access impacts. Actions to mitigate these risks could include addressing food access vulnerabilities through ongoing city-wide strategies and integrating food access into the City’s emergency response planning. The next steps will include engaging with multiple partners across the city to understand and strengthen the “last mile” of food distribution and develop community food resilience action plans for vulnerable neighbourhoods.
9
Stratton, J., D. L. Mowat, R. Wilkins, and M. Tjepkema. "Income disparities in life expectancy in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel, Ontario." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 32, no. 4 (September 2012): 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.32.4.05.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction To understand the lack of a gradient in mortality by neighbourhood income in a previous study, we used individual-level data from the 1991–2001 Canadian census mortality follow-up study to examine income-related disparities in life expectancy and probability of survival to age 75 years in the City of Toronto and Region of Peel. Methods We calculated period life tables for each sex and income adequacy quintile, overall and separately for immigrants and non-immigrants. Results For all cohort members of both sexes, including both immigrants and non-immigrants, there was a clear gradient across the income quintiles, with higher life expectancy in each successively richer quintile. However, the disparities by income were much greater when the analysis was restricted to non-immigrants. The lesser gradient for immigrants appeared to reflect the higher proportion of recent immigrants in the lower income quintiles. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of using individual-level ascertainment of income whenever possible, and of including immigrant status and period of immigration in assessments of health outcomes, especially for areas with a high proportion of immigrants.
10
Li, Siyuan, Matthew Muresan, and Liping Fu. "Cycling in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Route Choice Behavior and Implications for Infrastructure Planning." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2662, no. 1 (January 2017): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2662-05.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigated the route choice behavior of cyclists in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with data collected from a smartphone application deployed to many cyclists in the city. For the study, 4,556 cyclists registered and logged more than 30,000 commuting trips over 9 months. In addition to the time-stamped, second-by-second GPS readings on each trip, information on age, gender, and rider history was collected on a voluntary basis. Multinomial logit route choice models were estimated for the commuting cycling trips. The results revealed the critical importance of cycling facilities (e.g., bike lanes, cycling paths and trails) on cyclists’ route choice decisions, and provided valuable information for use in Toronto’s ongoing bicycle network planning.
11
Rivers, Ray. "The price of sprawl in Ontario, Canada." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426222.
Full textAbstract:
The author is an environmental economist who provides consulting services to a wide range of clients from private industry, environmental interest groups and the federal and provincial governments. He has worked with the federal departments of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries and Oceans and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment; lectured at Concordia, the University of Ottawa and Wilfred Laurier University in Public Administration and Sustainable Development; and written widely on a range of environmental topics. Ray Rivers was the Canadian co-author of the Land Use sections in the 1996/1998 State of the Lake Ecosystem Conferences. The text that follows is an edited and revised version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "The Natural City," Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
12
Perera, Nandana, Bahram Gharabaghi, and Peter Noehammer. "Stream Chloride Monitoring Program of City of Toronto: Implications of Road Salt Application." Water Quality Research Journal 44, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2009.014.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In cold regions, winter road safety is a major challenge for municipalities and provincial highway transportation agencies. Road salt is widely used to improve winter road conditions, but concerns have been raised about the effects of road salts on the environment. This paper describes a water quality monitoring program designed to measure both background chloride concentrations and the effects of road salt application on stream water quality in four watersheds (Humber River, Don River, Highland Creek, and Morningside tributary of Rouge River) located within the City of Toronto boundary. The effect of road salts on stream water quality was evaluated based on chloride concentration because of its conservative nature. A bilinear correlation was developed to transform measured specific conductance levels in stream water to chloride concentrations. There are no Ontario aquatic fresh water quality guidelines for chloride, but chloride concentrations in almost all the monitored streams in Toronto periodically exceeded chronic and acute chloride threshold levels of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The City of Toronto has been proactive in its efforts to implement management practices to reduce the impact of road salt application on the environment while maintaining safe driving conditions for its road users. Normalized salt application rates in Toronto have been on a gradual declining trend in the last decade from about 0.08 to 0.07 tonnes of salt applied per centimetre of snowfall per kilometre of lane. With public safety in mind, further reductions in salt application rates are being considered to reduce the adverse environmental effects to acceptable limits.
13
Ta, Martha, and Ketan Shankardass. "Piloting the Use of Concept Mapping to Engage Geographic Communities for Stress and Resilience Planning in Toronto, Ontario, Canada." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 10977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010977.
Full textAbstract:
The physical and social characteristics of urban neighborhoods engender unique stressors and assets, contributing to community-level variation in health over the lifecourse. Actors such as city planners and community organizations can help strengthen resilience in places where chronic stress is endemic, by learning about perceived stressors and assets from neighborhood users themselves (residents, workers, business owners). This study piloted a methodology to identify Toronto neighborhoods experiencing chronic stress and to engage them to identify neighborhood stressors, assets, and solutions. Crescent Town was identified as one neighborhood of interest based on relatively high levels of emotional stress in Twitter Tweets produced over two one-year periods (2013–2014 and 2017–2018) and triangulation using other neighborhood-level data. Using concept mapping, community members (n = 23) created a ten-cluster concept map describing neighborhood stressors and assets, and identified two potential strategies, a Crescent Town Residents’ Association and a community fair to promote neighborhood resources and build social networks. We discuss how this knowledge has circulated through the City of Toronto and community-level organizations to date, and lessons for improving this methodology.
14
Nicolson, Murray W. "The Irish Experience in Ontario: Rural or Urban?" Articles 14, no. 1 (August 13, 2013): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017880ar.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to respond to several new theories which, if accepted, could alter the historical perception of the role played by urban centres in the adjustment of Irish Catholics in nineteenth century Ontario. Donald Akenson, a rural historian, believes that the Canadian experience of Irish immigrants is not comparable to the American one. Akenson contends that the numerical dominance of Protestants within the national group and the rural basis of the Irish community, negated the formation of urban ghettos and allowed for a relative ease in social mobility. In comparison the American Irish were dominantly Catholic urban dwelling and ghettoized. In addition the new labour historians believe that the rise of the Knights of Labor caused the Orange and Catholic Irish in Toronto to resolve their generational hatred and set about to form a common working-class culture. This theory must presume that Irish Catholic culture was of little value to be rejected with such ease. The writer contends that neither theory is valid. In the ghettos of Toronto the fusion of an Irish peasant culture with traditional Catholism produced a new, urban, ethno-religious vehicle — Irish Tridentine Catholism. This culture, spread from the city to the hinterland and, by means of metropolitan linkage, throughout Ontario. Privatism created a closed Irish society, one they were born into and left when they died. Irish Catholics co-operated in labour organizations for the sake of their family's future, but never shared in the development of a new working-class culture with their old Orange enemies.
15
Stefanovic, Ingrid Leman. "Negotiating an ethic of place in a globalizing society." Ekistics and The New Habitat 73, no. 436-441 (December 1, 2006): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200673436-44198.
Full textAbstract:
Dr Stefanovic is Director of the Centre for Environment and Professorof Philosophy at the University of Toronto. She is also a member of the World Society for Ekistics and served as Chair of the Natural City symposion, a meeting co-organized by the University of Toronto and the World Society for Ekistics in June 2004, and was guest-editor for the special volume of Ekistics (vol. 71, no. 424-432, 2004) reporting on this symposion. A book of essays is in preparation for the University of Toronto Press, entitled The Natural City: Re-Envisioning the Built Environment. Dr Stefanovic's main area of research interest relates to how values and perceptions affect decision making relating to environment and human settlements. Projects have included work on evaluative images of the Lake Ontario Waterfront Trail (reported in Ekistics,vol. 69, no. 415/416/417, July-December 2002) and, more recently, a research grant investigated risk perceptions underlying urban development in designated floodplains. She has published many articles on interdisciplinary issues affecting human settlements and a number of books, including the recent Safeguarding Our Common Future:Rethinking Sustainable Development (SUNY, 2000).
16
Robson, Karen, Paul Anisef, Robert S. Brown, and Jenny Nagaoka. "A comparison of factors determining the transition to postsecondary education in Toronto and Chicago." Research in Comparative and International Education 14, no. 3 (July 24, 2019): 338–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745499919865140.
Full textAbstract:
We examine how race, sex and poverty contribute to the likelihood of attending two- and four-year colleges in Chicago and Toronto. In each city, we use longitudinal data on high school students and their postsecondary trajectories in order to explore how race and sex may impact differentially upon their educational pathways. Our analyses are informed by an intersectionality perspective, wherein we understand that life chances are shaped by the various traits and identities that individuals possess. In Toronto, Black males are less likely than all other groups to attend four-year colleges. We also find that two-year colleges appear to fulfill a different role in Toronto than they do in Chicago; that is, serving populations who may have been tracked into non-academic course selections in high school. We contextualize our findings within the very different political, cultural, and historical contexts of Ontario and Illinois.
17
Gibb, Camilla. "Religious Identification in Transnational Contexts: Being and Becoming Muslim in Ethiopia and Canada." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 7, no. 2 (September 1998): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.7.2.247.
Full textAbstract:
The Harari are a recently formed diaspora of Muslim elites from the walled city of Harar in eastern Ethiopia. Ethiopians as a whole have not had a history of migration—of moving abroad permanently or changing their citizenship (Catholic Immigration Centre 1). The Harari have been particularly localized and were described as late as the mid-1960s as a “one city culture” (Waldron, “Social” 6) because the overwhelming majority of their numbers resided inside the old city wall. Today, only about one-third of the total population lives in the old city, the majority of them elder inhabitants. The largest concentration of Hararis outside Ethiopia is now in Toronto, Ontario: nearly 10% of the entire population lives in this diverse Canadian city. In this paper, I draw upon comparative ethnographic fieldwork with Hararis in Harar and Toronto to explore the ways in which this move from Ethiopia, as asylum seekers or as immigrants to Canada, has affected individual and group identities. Against the backdrop of Ethiopia’s new multiethnic government, Canadian multiculturalism policies, and the refugee and immigrant journeys between the two countries, Hararis and members of more than the seventy other officially recognized qabila, or nationalities, in Ethiopia are struggling to redefine themselves both at home and abroad.
18
Beaney, Gary, and William A. Gough. "The influence of tropospheric ozone on the air temperature of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Atmospheric Environment 36, no. 14 (May 2002): 2319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00184-x.
Full text
19
Dolney, Timothy J., and Scott C. Sheridan. "The relationship between extreme heat and ambulance response calls for the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Environmental Research 101, no. 1 (May 2006): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2005.08.008.
Full text
20
Zuo, Fei, Ye Li, Steven Johnson, James Johnson, Sunil Varughese, Ray Copes, Fuan Liu, Hao Jiang Wu, Rebecca Hou, and Hong Chen. "Temporal and spatial variability of traffic-related noise in the City of Toronto, Canada." Science of The Total Environment 472 (February 2014): 1100–1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.138.
Full text
21
Griffin, Debora, Chris Anthony McLinden, Jacinthe Racine, Michael David Moran, Vitali Fioletov, Radenko Pavlovic, Rabab Mashayekhi, Xiaoyi Zhao, and Henk Eskes. "Assessing the Impact of Corona-Virus-19 on Nitrogen Dioxide Levels over Southern Ontario, Canada." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 4112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244112.
Full textAbstract:
A lockdown was implemented in Canada mid-March 2020 to limit the spread of COVID-19. In the wake of this lockdown, declines in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were observed from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). A method is presented to quantify how much of this decrease is due to the lockdown itself as opposed to variability in meteorology and satellite sampling. The operational air quality forecast model, GEM-MACH (Global Environmental Multi-scale - Modelling Air quality and CHemistry), was used together with TROPOMI to determine expected NO2 columns that represents what TROPOMI would have observed for a non-COVID scenario. Applying this methodology to southern Ontario, decreases in NO2 emissions due to the lockdown were seen, with an average 40% (roughly 10 kt[NO2]/yr) in Toronto and Mississauga and even larger declines in the city center. Natural and satellite sampling variability accounted for as much as 20–30%, which demonstrates the importance of taking meteorology into account. A model run with reduced emissions (from 65 kt[NO2]/yr to 40 kt[NO2]/yr in the Greater Toronto Area) based on emission activity data during the lockdown period was found to be consistent with TROPOMI NO2 columns.
22
Hull, James P. "Raising Standards: Public Works and Industrial Practice in Interwar Ontario." Scientia Canadensis 25 (June 23, 2009): 7–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800426ar.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Public works and the bodies which build them or contract for their building are important to the history of standards for a variety of reasons. The sheer size, significance and ubiquity of such works, make standards practice important in and of itself. The rigour used in enforcing those standards on contractors and suppliers, while exerting a force for the improvement of industrial practice, also had the secondary effect of favouring those firms which were familiar with and could meet such standards. Public agencies had not just contractual means to enforce their ideas about standards but often regulatory ones as well. Public works standards helped define the state's relationship with the geographical space in which it acted. These issues will be explored using four case studies from Ontario: public roads and buildings, public health regulation and standards for municipal water works, the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario and finally the City of Toronto.
23
Palm, Matthew, Amer Shalaby, and Steven Farber. "Social Equity and Bus On-Time Performance in Canada’s Largest City." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (August 27, 2020): 329–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120944923.
Full textAbstract:
Bus routes provide critical lifelines to disadvantaged travelers in major cities. Bus route performance is also more variable than the performance of other, grade-separated transit modes. Yet the social equity of bus operational performance is largely unexamined outside of limited statutory applications. Equity assessment methods for transit operations are similarly underdeveloped relative to equity analysis methods deployed in transit planning. This study examines the equity of bus on-time performance (OTP) in Toronto, Ontario, the largest city in Canada. Both census proximity and ridership profile approaches to defining equity routes are deployed, modifying United States Department of Transportation (U.S. DOT) Title VI methods to fit a Canadian context. Bus OTP in Toronto is found to be horizontally equitable. It is also found that the U.S. DOT approach of averaging performance between equity and non-equity routes masks the existence of underperforming routes with very significant ridership of color. These routes are overwhelmingly night routes, most of which are only classified as equity routes using a ridership definition. These results suggest that the underperformance of Toronto’s “Blue Night” network of overnight buses is a social equity issue. This OTP data is also applied to a household travel survey to identify disparities in the OTP of bus transit as experienced by different demographic groups throughout the city. It is found that recent immigrants and carless households, both heavily transit dependent populations in the Canadian context, experience lower on-time bus performance than other groups.
24
Leman Stefanovic, Ingrid. "The Lake Ontario Waterfront Trail, Canada: Integrating natural and built environments." Ekistics and The New Habitat 69, no. 415-417 (December 1, 2002): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200269415-417356.
Full textAbstract:
Ingrid Leman Stefanovic is Associate Professor of Philosophy at St.Michael's College, University of Toronto, Canada. She is also a full member of the graduate Institute for Environmental Studies and teaches interdisciplinary courses in Environmental Decision Making and Environmental Philosophy. Research interests address how taken for granted values and perceptions affect decision making and policy development. Previously, she worked in Leman Group Inc., together with her father, Alexander B. Leman. She has co-edited a book on the Great Lakes Megalopolis. Her most recent book is entitled Safeguarding Our Common Future: Rethinking Sustainable Development (SUNY Press, 2000). She is a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper that the author intended to present at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001, in which she was finally unable to participate.
25
Melymuk, Lisa, Matthew Robson, Susan A. Csiszar, Paul A. Helm, Georgina Kaltenecker, Sean Backus, Lisa Bradley, et al. "From the City to the Lake: Loadings of PCBs, PBDEs, PAHs and PCMs from Toronto to Lake Ontario." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 7 (March 21, 2014): 3732–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es403209z.
Full text
26
Lowry, Jana, and Chun-Yip Hon. "The public’s exposure to and perception of noise in aquatic facilities: a pilot study." Environmental Health Review 61, no. 4 (December 2018): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2018-026.
Full textAbstract:
Exposure to noise in recreational settings is a major public health concern. Under the Ontario Occupational Health and Safety Act, workers shall not be exposed to noise levels in excess of 85 dB over an 8-h period. It is generally accepted that the public’s exposure to noise be held to this same standard. The current pilot study explored whether the public is being exposed to excessive noise in indoor aquatic facilities across the Greater Toronto Area and, if so, at what levels. To our knowledge, no other study has explored this topic. Eight separate facilities were assessed using sound level meters to capture LAeq, LApeak, and LAS > 85 dB exceedance/duration. Public perception of noise was determined using self-administered questionnaires. LAeq ranged from 73.6 dB–82.3 dB and LApeak ranged from 102.2 dB–122 dB. Although the LAeq did not exceed the legislated standard, LApeak values were high. Noise levels were mainly associated with the type of activity in the pool and whistle blowing. Overall, the public were indifferent to the noise levels, despite the LApeak being quite high. Further studies are recommended to explore this topic, with a particular emphasis on comparison of different activities within the same facility.
27
Bielska, Iwona A., Derek R. Manis, Connie Schumacher, Emily Moore, Kaitlin Lewis, Gina Agarwal, Shawn Mondoux, et al. "Health Sector responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada – January to May 2020." Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie 18, no. 1 (2020): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20842627oz.20.010.12664.
Full textAbstract:
The first positive case of COVID-19 in Canada was reported on January 25, 2020, in the city of Toronto, Ontario. Over the following four months, the number of individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in Ontario grew to 28,263 cases. A state of emergency was announced by the Premier of Ontario on March 17, 2020, and the provincial health care system prepared for a predicted surge of COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization. The Chief Medical Officer of Health and the Minister of Health guided the changes in the system in response to the evolving needs and science related to COVID-19. The pandemic required a rapid, concerted, and coordinated effort from all sectors of the system to optimize and maximize the capacity of the health system. The response to the pandemic in Ontario was complex with some sectors experiencing multiple outbreaks of COVID-19 (i.e. long-term care homes and hospitals). Notably, numerous sectors shifted to virtual delivery of care. By the end of May 2020, it was announced that hospitals would gradually resume postponed or cancelled services. This paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on multiple health system sectors (i.e., public health, primary care, long-term care, emergency medical services, and hospitals) in Ontario from January to May 2020. Given the scope of the sectors contributing to the health system in Ontario, this analysis of a regional response to COVID-19 provides insight on how to improve responses and better prepare for future health emergencies.
28
Kjeldsen-Kragh Keller, Julie, and Cecil Konijnendijk. "Short Communication: A Comparative Analysis of Municipal Urban Tree Inventories of Selected Major Cities in North America and Europe." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2012.005.
Full textAbstract:
Effective management of the urban forest calls for municipalities to have a tree inventory of their urban resource. The approach to urban forestry is rather different in Europe and North America, both in terms of background and culture. This contribution discusses similarities and differences in tree inventory practices, based on a pilot study of three major cities in North America (Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Boston, Massachusetts and New York City, New York, U.S.) and three major cities in Northern Europe (Oslo, Norway; and Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark). The pilot study consisted of semi-structured expert interviews in each city, and an analysis of their tree inventories in terms of their level of detail, how they were undertaken, and how they have been used. Each of the cities, with exception of Oslo, had inventoried all of their street trees. Volunteers were only used in Boston and New York City. None of the cities had developed a management plan based on their tree inventory. The inventory had only been completely incorporated into the work order system in New York City and Toronto. This explorative study shows that more research is needed to investigate what subsequently happens to tree inventories in municipalities after they have been performed. Moreover, more work is needed to identify whether inventories are being utilized to their full advantage in terms of producing management plans. Some key themes for further research are described. The set up of this pilot study could serve as a format for comprehensive research.
29
Sumner, Jennifer, and Hayley Lapalme. "The public plate in the transnational city: Tensions among food procurement, global trade and local legislation." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v6i1.268.
Full textAbstract:
Local food systems are crucial to sustainability, and one of the most effective ways to develop them is to harness the buying power of large public institutions, such as hospitals and universities. Steering public funds toward local food systems, however, is not as easy as it might appear. Institutions must navigate a maze of regulations that can become significant barriers to effecting change. In Ontario, for example, public institutions are squeezed between two contradictory policies: the Broader Public Sector Directive, which mandates a level playing field and prohibits preferential buying based on geography, and the Local Food Act, which aims to increase the consumption of local food (with a specific focus on procurement in Ontario public institutions) and to foster successful and resilient local food economies and systems. Adding to this tension, global trade treaties are drilling down to the local level, proscribing preferential procurement of local food as “protectionist” and a barrier to trade.
Public institutions are caught in the middle, wanting to purchase more local products but unwilling to risk reprisals. This paper investigates these tensions by reporting on a recent study of institutional buyers and government officials in the Toronto area to understand more thoroughly these barriers to operationalizing a local food system, while recognizing that sustainable food systems require a judicious combination of ‘local and green’ and ‘global and fair’ (Morgan 2008).
30
Hwang, Jongnam, Sara J. T. Guilcher, Kathryn E. McIsaac, Flora I. Matheson, Rick Glazier, and Patricia O’Campo. "An examination of perceived health care availability and unmet health care need in the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Public Health 108, no. 1 (January 2017): e7-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/cjph.108.5715.
Full text
31
Mensah, Joseph, and Christopher J. Williams. "Socio-structural Injustice, Racism, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Precarious Entanglement among Black Immigrants in Canada." Studies in Social Justice 16, no. 1 (January 24, 2022): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v16i1.2690.
Full textAbstract:
As several commentators and researchers have noted since late spring 2020, COVID-19 has laid bare the connections between entrenched structurally generated inequalities on one hand, and on the other hand relatively high degrees of susceptibility to contracting COVID-19 on the part of economically marginalized population segments. Far from running along the tracks of race neutrality, studies have demonstrated that the pandemic is affecting Black people more than Whites in the U.S.A. and U.K., where reliable racially-disaggregated data are available. While the situation in Canada seems to follow the same pattern, race-specific data on COVID-19 are hard to come by. At present, there is no federal mandate to collect race-based data on COVID-19, though, in Ontario, at the municipal level, the City of Toronto has been releasing such data. This paper examines the entanglements of race, immigration status and the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada with particular emphasis on Black immigrants and non-immigrants in Toronto, using multiple forms of data pertaining to income, housing, immigration, employment and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Our findings show that the pandemic has had a disproportionate negative impact on Black people and other racialized people in Toronto and, indeed, Canada.
32
Motazedian, D., J. A. Hunter, A. Pugin, and H. Crow. "Development of a Vs30 (NEHRP) map for the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48, no. 3 (March 2011): 458–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t10-081.
Full textAbstract:
Four different seismic methods were used extensively to evaluate the shear wave velocity of soils and rock in the city of Ottawa, Canada, from which the travel-time weighted average shear wave velocity (Vs) from surface to 30 m in depth (Vs30) and the fundamental frequency (F0) were computed. Three main geological or geotechnical units were identified with distinct shear wave velocities: these consist of very loose thick post-glacial fine-grained sands, silts, and clays (Vs <150 m/s, thickness up to 110 m), firm glacial sediments (Vs ∼580 m/s, thickness ∼3 m), and very firm bedrock (Vs ∼1750–3550 m/s). The seismic methods applied were downhole interval Vs measurements at 15 borehole sites, seismic refraction–reflection profile measurements for 686 sites, high-resolution shear wave reflection “landstreamer” profiling for 25 km in total, and horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) of ambient seismic noise to evaluate the fundamental frequency for ∼400 sites. Most of these methods are able to distinguish the very high shear wave impedance of and depth to bedrock. Sparse earthquake recordings show that the soil amplification is large for weak motion when the soil behaves linearly.
33
Wang, Lu, Gabby Lee, and Ian Williams. "The Spatial and Social Patterning of Property and Violent Crime in Toronto Neighbourhoods: A Spatial-Quantitative Approach." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8010051.
Full textAbstract:
Criminal activities are often unevenly distributed over space. The literature shows that the occurrence of crime is frequently concentrated in particular neighbourhoods and is related to a variety of socioeconomic and crime opportunity factors. This study explores the broad patterning of property and violent crime among different socio-economic stratums and across space by examining the neighbourhood socioeconomic conditions and individual characteristics of offenders associated with crime in the city of Toronto, which consists of 140 neighbourhoods. Despite being the largest urban centre in Canada, with a fast-growing population, Toronto is under-studied in crime analysis from a spatial perspective. In this study, both property and violent crime data sets from the years 2014 to 2016 and census-based Ontario-Marginalisation index are analysed using spatial and quantitative methods. Spatial techniques such as Local Moran’s I are applied to analyse the spatial distribution of criminal activity while accounting for spatial autocorrelation. Distance-to-crime is measured to explore the spatial behaviour of criminal activity. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) linear regression is conducted to explore the ways in which individual and neighbourhood demographic characteristics relate to crime rates at the neighbourhood level. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) is used to further our understanding of the spatially varying relationships between crime and the independent variables included in the OLS model. Property and violent crime across the three years of the study show a similar distribution of significant crime hot spots in the core, northwest, and east end of the city. The OLS model indicates offender-related demographics (i.e., age, marital status) to be a significant predictor of both types of crime, but in different ways. Neighbourhood contextual variables are measured by the four dimensions of the Ontario-Marginalisation Index. They are significantly associated with violent and property crime in different ways. The GWR is a more suitable model to explain the variations in observed property crime rates across different neighbourhoods. It also identifies spatial non-stationarity in relationships. The study provides implications for crime prevention and security through an enhanced understanding of crime patterns and factors. It points to the need for safe neighbourhoods, to be built not only by the law enforcement sector but by a wide range of social and economic sectors and services.
34
SCHMIDT, J., P. SETO, and D. Averill. "Pilot-Scale Study of Satellite Treatment Options for the Control of Combined Sewer Overflows." Water Quality Research Journal 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1997.012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) have been recognized for many years as a pollution problem within the Great Lakes ecosystem. CSOs were identified as a source of contamination in 10 of the 17 Canadian “Areas of Concern” designated by the International Joint Commission, and were considered a major problem in Hamilton Harbour and the Metropolitan Toronto Waterfront. Satellite treatment systems (located upstream in the sewerage system) were identified as being significantly more cost effective than other CSO control options in a feasibility study conducted for Metropolitan Toronto. Consequently, a multi-agency initiative was established in 1993 to examine the treatment of CSOs at a pilot-scale facility in the City of Scarborough. The technologies evaluated during two experimental seasons in 1994 and 1995 included a vortex separator, a circular clarifier, a horizontal-flow plate clarifier and an inclined rotary drum screen. Performance of the technologies is being assessed against a draft policy proposed by the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy. Results to date have indicated that the vortex separator and the plate clarifier under “best conditions” were capable of 50% TSS removal and 30% BOD5 removal and should be capable of satisfying the policy.
35
Merrens, Roy. "Port Authorities as Urban Land Developers." Articles 17, no. 2 (August 6, 2013): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017654ar.
Full textAbstract:
Port authorities have been important presences in Canada's port cities, playing major roles in determining the physical form and land-use functions of urban waterfront lands. Their formative roles warrant attention from scholars concerned with the city-building process in Canada. This study focuses upon one such body, The Toronto Harbour Commissioners, and how and why it has functioned as a land development agency. An analysis of the commissions Outer Harbour project between 1912 and 1968 shows the commissions central concern with land development: ostensibly presented as a harbour facility, the project was actually intended to be a key component in the commissions proposed redevelopment of Toronto's central waterfront for profitable commercial and residential use. The project also reveals the significance of landfilling in the commissions urban development role, and, incidentally, explains the existence of the three-mile artificial headland projecting out into Lake Ontario from Toronto's waterfront. The role of the commission as a development agency is explained in terms of its original 1911 mandate, which in turn reflects the intentions of the Toronto Board of Trade, the body that had led the drive to create the commission.
36
Reis, Catherine, Mark Sinyor, and Ayal Schaffer. "Medications Without a Patient." Crisis 35, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000251.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Little has been published on the sources of medications used in suicide by self-poisoning. Aims: To examine data on self-poisoning occurring through the use of medications returned to the next of kin after the death of a family member or friend (”returned medication”) and to examine public policies relevant to this issue. Method: A review of charts at the Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario for deaths by self-poisoning suicide in the City of Toronto occurring between 1998 and 2010 was conducted. Information regarding the source of medication used in self-poisoning was extracted. Federal, provincial, and local policies were also examined to determine whether there are guidelines governing returning medication to next of kin. Results: Of 567 suicide deaths by self-poisoning in Toronto over 13 years, there were eight cases in which returned medication was used in suicide by self-poisoning. No policies prohibiting this type of medication return were identified. Conclusion: Suicide by self-poisoning using returned medications is an important consideration that may not yet be fully appreciated, and has relevance for suicide prevention policies.
37
Hadayeghi, Alireza, Amer S. Shalaby, and Bhagwant Persaud. "Macrolevel Accident Prediction Models for Evaluating Safety of Urban Transportation Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1840, no. 1 (January 2003): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1840-10.
Full textAbstract:
A series of macrolevel prediction models that would estimate the number of accidents in planning zones in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, as a function of zonal characteristics were developed. A generalized linear modeling approach was used in which negative binomial regression models were developed separately for total accidents and for severe (fatal and nonfatal injury) accidents as a function of socio-economic and demographic, traffic demand, and network data variables. The variables that had significant effects on accident occurrence were the number of households, the number of major road kilometers, the number of vehicle kilometers traveled, intersection density, posted speed, and volume-capacity ratio. The geographic weighted regression approach was used to test spatial variations in the estimated parameters from zone to zone. Mixed results were obtained from that analysis.
38
Mihaylov, Dimitar, M. Hesham El Naggar, and Savka Dineva. "Separation of High‐ and Low‐Level Ambient Noise for HVSR: Application in City Conditions for Greater Toronto Area." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 106, no. 5 (August 2, 2016): 2177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120150389.
Full text
39
Mack, Elizabeth A. "Small Business and the City: The Transformative Potential of Small Scale Entrepreneurship, by RafaelGomez, AndreIsakov, and MattSemansky. 2015. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press. 290+xv. ISBN: 9781442612099. $29.95." Journal of Regional Science 55, no. 5 (October 26, 2015): 874–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jors.12230.
Full text
40
Bavcevic, Zeljko, and Vincent Harinam. "Targeting Fatal Traffic Collision Risk from Prior Non-Fatal Collisions in Toronto." Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing 4, no. 3-4 (November 2, 2020): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41887-020-00054-z.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Research question How accurately can all locations of 44 fatal collisions in 1 year be forecasted across 1403 micro-areas in Toronto, based upon locations of all 1482 non-fatal collisions in the preceding 4 years? Data All 1482 non-fatal traffic collisions from 2008 through 2011 and all 44 fatal traffic collisions in 2012 in the City of Toronto, Ontario, were geocoded from public records to 1403 micro-areas called ‘hexagonal tessellations’. Methods The total number of non-fatal traffic collisions in Period 1 (2008 through 2011) was summed within each micro-area. The areas were then classified into seven categories of frequency of non-fatal collisions: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 or more. We then divided the number of micro-areas in each category in Period 1 into the total number of fatal traffic collisions in each category in Period 2 (2012). The sensitivity and specificity of forecasting fatal collision risk based on prior non-fatal collisions were then calculated for five different targeting strategies. Findings The micro-locations of 70.5% of fatal collisions in Period 2 had experienced at least 1 non-fatal collision in Period 1. In micro-areas that had zero non-fatal collisions during Period 1, only 1.7% had a fatal collision in Period 2. Across all areas, the probability of a fatal collision in the area during Period 2 increased with the number of non-fatal collisions in Period 1, with 6 or more non-fatal collisions in Period 1 yielding a risk of fatal collision in Period 2 that was 8.7 times higher than in areas with no non-fatal collisions. This pattern is evidence that targeting 25% of micro-areas effectively could cut total traffic fatalities in a given year by up to 50%. Conclusion Highly elevated risks of traffic fatalities can be forecasted based on prior non-fatal collisions, targeting a smaller portion of the city for more concentrated investment in saving lives.
41
Li, J. Y., and D. Banting. "A storm water retrofit plan for the mimico creek watershed." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 12 (June 1, 1999): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0539.
Full textAbstract:
Storm water quality management in urbanized areas remains a challenge to Canadian municipalities as the funding and planning mechanisms are not well defined. In order to provide assistance to urbanized municipalities in the Great Lakes areas, the Great Lakes 2000 Cleanup Fund and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment commissioned the authors to develop a Geographic Information System planning tool for storm water quality management in urbanized areas. The planning tool comprises five steps: (1) definition of storm water retrofit goals and objectives; (2) identification of appropriate retrofit storm water management practices; (3) formulation of storm water retrofit strategies; (4) evaluation of strategies with respect to retrofit goals and objectives; and (5) selection of storm water retrofit strategies. A case study of the fully urbanized Mimico Creek wateshed in the City of Toronto is used to demonstrate the application of the planning tool.
42
Cone, Barbara, and Linda W. Norrix. "Measuring the Advantage of Kalman-Weighted Averaging for Auditory Brainstem Response Hearing Evaluation in Infants." American Journal of Audiology 24, no. 2 (June 2015): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_aja-14-0021.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purposes of this study were to (a) measure the effects of Kalman-weighted averaging methods on auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold, latency, and amplitude; (b) translate lab findings to the clinical setting; and (c) estimate cost savings when ABRs can be obtained in nonsedated infants. Method ABRs were recorded in 40 adults with normal hearing during induced motor noise conditions using the Kalman-weighted averaging method implemented on a commercial system, the Vivosonic Integrity (Vivosonic Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada). The device was then used to test 34 infants in awake and asleep states. The advantages of the Kalman-weighted averaging method were modeled in terms of time saved for conducting an ABR evaluation. Results Kalman-weighted ABR threshold estimates were 6–7 dB lower than with conventional methods during induced motor noise. When used to obtain ABRs in infants who were awake, the number of sweeps required to obtain a result was significantly greater than that required for a sleeping infant but well within the range for clinical application. Conclusions The use of Kalman-weighted averaging provides a measurable advantage over conventional methods and may reduce costs for the pediatric audiology practice.
43
Ross, Sara Gwendolyn. "Development versus Preservation Interests in the Making of a Music City: A Case Study of Select Iconic Toronto Music Venues and the Treatment of Their Intangible Cultural Heritage Value." International Journal of Cultural Property 24, no. 1 (February 2017): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739116000382.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:Urban redevelopment projects increasingly draw on culture as a tool for rejuvenating city spaces but, in doing so, can overemphasize the economic or exchange-value potential of a cultural space to the detriment of what was initially meaningful about a space—that which carries great cultural community wealth, use-value, or embodies a group’s intangible cultural heritage. Development and preservation interests illustrate this tension in terms of how cultural heritage—both tangible and intangible—is managed in the city. This article will turn to Toronto’s “Music City” strategy that is being deployed as part of a culture-focused urban redevelopment trend and Creative City planning initiative in order to examine how the modern urban intangible merits of city spaces are valuated and dealt with in light of the comparatively weak regard accorded to intangibility within the available heritage protection legal frameworks of Canada, Ontario, and, specifically, Toronto. The currently underdeveloped recognition for intangibility in the heritage protection equation not only fails to equally valuate non-dominant, unconventional, or alternative iterations of culture but also falls behind the key guiding documents in international law for the safeguarding and recognition of intangible cultural heritage as well as in accounting for intangibility in determining heritage value. Without diligent inclusive strategies to account for, and consult, the diverse spectrum of groups, cultures, and cultural spaces affected by urban heritage and cultural city planning processes, a city’s development initiatives risk counterproductively destroying the precise characteristics they are otherwise seeking to nourish, create, and, even, commodify.
44
Sahely, Halla R., Christopher A. Kennedy, and Barry J. Adams. "Developing sustainability criteria for urban infrastructure systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-072.
Full textAbstract:
Research in the area of sustainable urban infrastructure reflects the need to design and manage engineering systems in light of both environmental and socioeconomic considerations. A principal challenge for the engineer is the development of practical tools for measuring and enhancing the sustainability of urban infrastructure over its life cycle. The present study develops such a framework for the sustainability assessment of urban infrastructure systems. The framework focuses on key interactions and feedback mechanisms between infrastructure and surrounding environmental, economic, and social systems. One way of understanding and quantifying these interacting effects is through the use of sustainability criteria and indicators. A generic set of sustainability criteria and subcriteria and system-specific indicators is put forward. Selected indicators are quantified in a case study of the urban water system of the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Key words: sustainable infrastructure, sustainability criteria and indicators, energy use, urban water systems.
45
Fraser, Alison. "Urban Prophets: Creating Graffiti as a Means of Negotiating the Constructs of Urban Public Spaces." Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 7, no. 2 (May 4, 2016): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v7i2.128.
Full textAbstract:
For this examination, graffiti and neo-graffiti have been compared to public art in order to reveal the ideological constructions of urban public spaces. How does graffiti interact with the construction of urban public spaces? How is graffiti similar to and different from public art? Which of these art forms better represents the public and city living? By comparing public art to (neo)graffiti in Toronto, Ontario and Los Angeles, California, the gendered, racialized, and class-based exclusions present in R. Florida's (2002) creative cities framework as theorized by authors such as N. Smith (1996), Sharon Zukin (1996), and G. Standing (2011) can be revealed. Urban public spaces are carefully shaped by those in control, the government and corporations, with the intention of creating spaces and citizens within those spaces that can be a functioning part of their neoliberal capitalist system. Graffiti and neo-graffiti act as a visual interruption to this system, which in turn can be thought of as physically represented by public art. In this way (neo)graffiti is created by a minority of citizens with the hopes of reclaiming their right to exist in urban public spaces despite layers of ideological exclusions.For this examination, graffiti and neo-graffiti have been compared to public art in order to reveal the ideological constructions of urban public spaces. How does graffiti interact with the construction of urban public spaces? How is graffiti similar to and different from public art? Which of these art forms better represents the public and city living? By comparing public art (neo)graffiti in Toronto, Ontario and Los Angeles California, the racialized and class-based exclusions present in R. Florida’s (2002) creative cities framework theorized by authors such as N. Smith (1996), Sharon Zukin (1996), and G. Standing (2011) can be revealed. Urban public spaces are carefully shaped by those in control (the government and corporations) with the intention of creating spaces and citizens within those spaces that can be a functioning part of their system. Graffiti and neo-graffiti act as a visual interruption to this system as represented by public art. In this way (neo)graffiti is created by a minority of citizens with the hopes of reclaiming their right to exist in urban public spaces despite the layers of exclusions.
46
Yang, Seungho, Afnan Ahmad, Peter Y. Park, Gunho Sohn, and Jeremy Krygsman. "Public Transit Service Reliability Assessment using Two-Fluid Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 4 (March 18, 2020): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119896783.
Full textAbstract:
This study introduces a traffic flow theory-based reliability indicator to evaluate the inter-city public transit service. The two-fluid theory parameter n that measures the road networks’ resilience to changing traffic is used as a new reliability indicator of public bus service. We compared the performance of the new indicator with the three existing reliability indicators, including on-time performance, with a total of 52 different GO Bus routes to ascertain the usability of the new indicator. The GO Bus service is an inter-city bus service operated by Metrolinx in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton areas in Ontario, Canada. We used 1 month of GO Bus GPS data collected in July 2017 to estimate various public transit reliability indictors. We also investigated the relationship between reliability indicators and selected roadway network characteristics, such as route length, freeway ratio, intersection density along a route, and so forth. The study applied a series of statistical analyses, including principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and z-test using Fisher’s z transformation. The results showed that the proposed two-fluid indicator n can be used as a supplementary reliability indicator for assessing road networks’ resilience in regards to changing traffic flow conditions. The new indicator provided additional insights for inter-city bus service operators for initiating communication with roadway governing agencies for the purpose of improving road networks to further improve public transit service reliability.
47
Larson, Doug W., Uta Matthes, Peter E. Kelly, Jeremy Lundholm, and John A. Gerrath. "The Urban Cliff Hypothesis and its relevance to ekistics." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426228.
Full textAbstract:
The Cliff Ecology Research Group (CERG), Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, has been in existence since 1985 when its members began working on the ecology of the Niagara Escarpment (fig. 1). In 1988 they discovered a stand of ancient trees growing on the cliffs and in 1989 they discovered that in fact the escarpment cliffs support the oldest and least disturbed forest ecosystem in Canada. Individual living trees older than 1,300 years are still present and the forest appears to be in steady state. CERG's work on the ancient trees led to the idea that cliffs serve as refuges for many species including ancient humans. That observation led to the development of the Urban Cliff Hypothesis that is described in this paper and was presented at the international symposion on " The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics, and also led to the recent book entitled The Urban Cliff Revolution.
48
Budd, Brian. "The People’s Champ: Doug Ford and Neoliberal Right-Wing Populism in the 2018 Ontario Provincial Election." Politics and Governance 8, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i1.2468.
Full textAbstract:
The 2018 Ontario provincial election marked a decisive shift in the political direction of Canada’s most populous province. The election brought an end to the long reign of the Ontario Liberal Party (2003–2018), whose government devolved into a series of scandals that resulted in a third-place finish. The Liberal’s defeat came at the hands of the Progressive Conservative Party led by former Toronto city councillor, Doug Ford. The Progressive Conservative’s victory was propelled on the back of Ford’s deeply populist campaign where he promised to reassert the interests of ‘the people,’ expel the influence of elites and special interests, and clean up government corruption. This campaign discourse led many political opponents and media pundits to accuse Ford of importing the nativist, xenophobic, and divisive rhetoric of other radical right-wing populist leaders. This article advances the argument that rather than representing the importation of ‘Trumpism’ or other types of radical right-wing populism, Ford’s campaign is better understood within the tradition of Canadian populism defined by an overarching ideological commitment to neoliberalism. In appealing to voters, Ford avoided the nativist and xenophobic rhetoric of populist leaders in the United States and Western Europe, offering a conception of ‘the people’ using an economic and anti-cosmopolitan discourse centred upon middle class taxpayers. This article makes a contribution to both the literatures on Canadian elections and populism, demonstrating the lineage of Ford’s ideological commitment to populism within recent Canadian electoral history, as well as Ford’s place within the international genealogy of right-wing populism.
49
Buick, Jason E., Katherine S. Allan, Joel G. Ray, Alexander Kiss, Paul Dorian, Peter Gozdyra, and Laurie J. Morrison. "Does location matter? A proposed methodology to evaluate neighbourhood effects on cardiac arrest survival and bystander CPR." CJEM 17, no. 3 (March 3, 2015): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2014.40.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBackgroundTraditional variables used to explain survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) account for only 72% of survival, suggesting that other unknown factors may influence outcomes. Research on other diseases suggests that neighbourhood factors may partly determine health outcomes. Yet, this approach has rarely been used for OHCA. This work outlines a methodology to investigate multiple neighbourhood factors as determinants of OHCA outcomes.MethodsA retrospective, observational cohort study design will be used. All adult non-emergency medical service witnessed OHCAs of cardiac etiology within the city of Toronto between 2006 and 2010 will be included. Event details will be extracted from the Toronto site of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epistry—Cardiac Arrest, an existing population-based dataset of consecutive OHCA patients. Geographic information systems technology will be used to assign patients to census tracts. Neighbourhood variables to be explored include the Ontario Marginalization Index (deprivation, dependency, ethnicity, and instability), crime rate, and density of family physicians. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis will be used to explore the association between neighbourhood characteristics and 1) survival-to-hospital discharge, 2) return-of-spontaneous circulation at hospital arrival, and 3) provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Receiver operating characteristics curves will evaluate each model’s ability to discriminate between those with and without each outcome.DiscussionThis study will determine the role of neighbourhood characteristics in OHCA and their association with clinical outcomes. The results can be used as the basis to focus on specific neighbourhoods for facilitating educational interventions, CPR awareness programs, and higher utilization of automatic defibrillation devices.
50
van der Werf, Paul, Kristian Larsen, Jamie A. Seabrook, and Jason Gilliland. "How Neighbourhood Food Environments and a Pay-as-You-Throw (PAYT) Waste Program Impact Household Food Waste Disposal in the City of Toronto." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 7016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177016.
Full textAbstract:
Household food waste has negative, and largely unnecessary, environmental, social and economic impacts. A better understanding of current household food waste disposal is needed to help develop and implement effective interventions to reduce food wasting. A four-season waste characterization study was undertaken with 200 single-family households across eight neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The City of Toronto provides residents with a pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) waste program that includes a choice of four garbage cart sizes (Small [S], Medium [M], Large [L], Extra Large [XL]), with increasing annual user fees ($18.00–$411.00 CAD), as well as a green cart (organic waste) and blue cart (recycling). On average, each household disposed 4.22 kg/week of total food waste, 69.90% of which was disposed in the green cart, and disposal increased significantly (p = 0.03) by garbage cart size to L but not XL garbage carts. Of this total, 61.78% consisted of avoidable food waste, annually valued at $630.00–$847.00 CAD/household. Toronto’s PAYT waste program has been effective at diverting food waste into the green cart but not at reducing its generation. Higher median incomes were positively correlated, while higher neighbourhood dwelling and population density were negatively correlated, with total and avoidable food waste disposal. Regression analyses explained 40–67% of the variance in total avoidable food waste disposal. Higher supermarket density and distance to healthier food outlets were associated with more, while dwelling density was related to less, total and avoidable food waste disposal. Distance to fast food restaurants and less healthy food outlet density were both negatively associated with avoidable food waste disposal in the garbage and green cart, respectively. Avoidable food waste reduction interventions could include increasing garbage cart fees, weight-based PAYT, or messaging to households on the monetary value of avoidable food waste, and working with food retailers to improve how households shop for their food.