Journal articles on the topic 'City dwellers Attitudes'
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Klich, Daniel, Rafał Łopucki, Magdalena Perlińska-Teresiak, Agata Lenkiewicz-Bardzińska, and Wanda Olech. "Human–Wildlife Conflict: The Human Dimension of European Bison Conservation in the Bieszczady Mountains (Poland)." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020503.
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An important limitation for the population growth of European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains may be the level of social acceptance. The study aimed to compare attitudes to European bison of local village inhabitants in Bieszczady and city dwellers in Rzeszów. We also investigated whether damage caused by European bison or other wild species changes peoples’ perceptions of this animal. Our study showed that not only does the growing European bison population cause an increase in negative attitudes among local village communities, but this species also causes more conflict than any other herbivore in the Bieszczady Mountains. Village residents believed that the main threats that arise from European bison were the damage they cause and forest use limitations. The current compensation system for the damage caused by this species does not solve the problem because over 60% of damage is not effectively reported to the state administration. The city dwellers of Rzeszów displayed a different attitude towards the European bison. We concluded that while educational workshops for local villagers may alleviate conflict in the short-term, ultimately it is only by restricting the growth of the European bison population that a long-term effect will be achieved.
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Basher, Abul Khair, and Fatema Tania. "Knowledge and Attitudes about HIV/AIDS among the Slum Dwellers in Dhaka City." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 2, no. 3 (December 4, 2015): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v2i3.702.
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Basher, Abul Khair, and Fatema Tania. "Knowledge and Attitudes about HIV/AIDS among the Slum Dwellers in Dhaka City." Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajhal.v3i2.312.
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HIV/AIDS is found commonly among sexually active young adults, many of whom may live in slum. This group may serve as the gateway for HIV transmission to the general population because of their vulnerable lifestyle, and lack of information about the disease and its prevention. Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of 116 slum dweller was carried out in a selected slum area. Among them highest age group is 43.10% (26-35) and the Mean age of population is 26.5 SD ±5.34. (43.10%) of the respondents are male and were (56.90%) of the respondents are female. The large numbers of the respondents (43.10%) cannot read and write, 34.48% people have primary education. Most of the respondents (39.67%) income level is (2000-5000) and Median income is 8500 SD±4514.9. Table shows that 83.62% were married, 72.41% respondents live in the nuclear family and 56.9% respondents have family member of 2-4 persons. Large numbers (32.76%) of the respondents are working as house maid. 87.93% of the respondents heard the name of HIV/AIDS and the source of information was Media (Radio, TV, newspaper.). Majority (60.34%) respondents thought that HIV/AIDS is a disease but 10.34% seems that it is a curse of God. Out of total respondents 66 thought that unsafe physical relation is the foremost source of infection and about prevention 46.55% respondents told that protected sexual measure can prevent the disease. Majority (64.66%) of the respondents don’t know signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS but rest of them thought that Rapid weight loss, Dry cough for more than 2/3 months, Recurring fever for more than 2/3 months and Diarrhea lasting more than a week are the symptom of HIV/AIDS. Most (41.38%) of the respondents told that HIV/AIDS cured by treatment and 89.66% respondents thought that the patients should not isolated from family. Their knowledge level is seems too reduced.
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Turcotte, Martin. "L'urbain est-il plus tolérant: le Canada et les États-Unis." Canadian Journal of Political Science 34, no. 4 (December 2001): 819–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423901778109.
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The political tolerance and urban sociology literature indicates that urban residence is positively linked to tolerant attitudes and behaviour. Because the city favours more contacts with unconventional groups and individuals, urban dwellers develop a higher level of political tolerance. The present article tests the empirical relevance of the rural/urban cleavage in the Canadian context. The paper shows that ''urban'' political tolerance may be specific to the United States.
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Ahmadi, Fereshteh, Mehrdad Darvishpour, and Irving Palm. "Changes Regarding Attitudes Towards Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Sweden: The Diversity Barometer (2005-2018)." International Journal of Social Science Studies 8, no. 5 (July 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v8i5.4937.
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This article aims to discuss changes in attitudes towards immigrants in Sweden from 2015 onwards, based on the results of the longitudinal Diversity Barometer studies from 2005-2014, 2016 and 2018. The Diversity Barometer studies are based on a national, representative, and randomly selected sample from the Swedish population, with a new sample selected each time. We have analyzed the changes from a sociological perspective, using theories such as contact theory and group conflict theory. The results show an increase in negative attitudes towards ethic and cultural diversity generally, and towards immigrants specifically. Diversity in culture and religion – especially towards Islam – is more negatively perceived as compared to diversity in the work domain. Societal groups with extensive experience from contact with foreigners, those who identify themselves as women, those who are more educated, younger people and city dwellers, have all a more positive attitude towards diversity than others.
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Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Mezgebe Zeru Teklemedhin, Tesfay Mehari Atey, Meles Tekie Gidey, and Desilu Mahari Desta. "Public Knowledge and Attitudes towards Vitiligo: A Survey in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia." Dermatology Research and Practice 2020 (May 31, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3495165.
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Background. The overall well-being, sense of stigmatization, and treatment outcome of persons with vitiligo are largely dependent on their social acceptance and this is linked with perception and attitude of this disease in a given population. Therefore, this study assessed the knowledge and attitude of the public towards vitiligo. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a self-reported questionnaire distributed to adults living in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia from August to November 2019. Individuals who were 18 to 65 years of age and not suffering from vitiligo were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire that contains a demographic, knowledge, and attitudes parts was used to collect data. Data were entered using Epi Data® version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS® version 21. Results. Of the total 368 subjects, 300 completed the questionnaires giving 81.5% response rate. The mean age was 30 ± 8.3 years and the male-to-female ratio was 1.14 : 1. Friends or families were reported as the most common source of information (70%) about vitiligo. The overall vitiligo knowledge was sufficient in 68.3% of the participants. Higher vitiligo-related knowledge scores were recorded by people older than 30 and below 50, those of secondary school graduated or more, urban-dwellers, persons who had heard about vitiligo, and persons having families or friends affected by vitiligo. Attitudes towards vitiligo were positive in 43.3% of participants. This was more prevalent among employed persons, those of secondary school graduated or more, and persons having families or friends affected by vitiligo. Moreover, sufficient knowledge was significantly related to positive attitudes towards the disease (p<0.0001). Conclusion. Even though the majority of the respondents had sufficient knowledge, we still found misconceptions and negative attitudes towards vitiligo. Therefore, it is still crucial to educate the public about vitiligo to ultimately improve the well-being of patients with vitiligo.
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Szafrańska, Monika. "ATTITUDES OF ACADEMIC YOUTH TOWARDS FARM ANIMAL WELFARE AND PRODUCTS DERIVED FROM ANIMALS KEPT UNDER FRIENDLY CONDITIONS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 2 (May 7, 2018): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.8129.
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The paper objective is identification the attitudes of academic youth towards farm animal welfare and products derived from animals kept under friendly conditions. The main source of the data used for the analyses and applications was the primary information obtained from personal research (PAPI method, 436 respondents).The statistical analysis of the studied material encompassed aggregate statistical indicators, the non-parametric test „chi square” (χ2), as well as non-hierarchical method – k-means cluster analysis. As results from the conducted investigations, the issue of farm animal welfare is important for the young consumers (64%) or very important (36%). Protecting animal welfare is a significant problem for a majority of women and city dwellers. Over 75% students purchases products from animal welfare – friendly production process. Regarding young consumer attitudes towards farm animal welfare, three types of attitudes were identified.
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Yvette, Nyingchia, Mveme Olougou Mireille Michée, Adama Farida, Nso’ngang Andre, Dickmi Vaillam Claudette, Nossi Eric Joel, Simo Brice, Okolle Justine, and Tata Ngome Precillia. "An Analysis of Household Consumers’ Awareness, Perceptions, Attitudes and Behaviour Towards Irish Potato Procurement and Consumption in Urban Areas in Cameroon." Journal of Agriculture and Crops, no. 73 (July 11, 2021): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jac.73.98.107.
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The aim of this study was to measure the effects of townspeople’s origin and acculturation on Irish potato procurement and consumption in Cameroon. It is part of the logic of developing strategies for the introduction and diversification of urban dietary practices, to reduce hunger and undernourishment in urban areas. The study plans to discover new dishes and make them culturally and traditionally acceptable following local tastes and preferences. To provide a snapshot of Irish potato city dwellers’ consumers’ characteristics, the study used a cross-sectional design. The cross-sectional sample is made up of 180 subjects, taken in each of the 12 associations; aged at least 10 years, of people, originated from Irish potato-producing areas or non, chosen in Yaoundé city, i.e. 6 associations per category. They must have spent at least 2 years in the association, that is to say, that they have experience of urban life and have stabilized their food supply mode. The main idea was that subjects from producing areas are consumers of Irish potato, following traditional food consumption patterns and concepts of food availability, while those from non-producing areas are consumers who progressively integrate and adopt potato dishes into their diets through the impact of acculturation and exposure. The first was chosen according to the sociocultural factors determining the nature of the traditional food intake in the production areas. All regions in which Irish potato was not produced were considered as non-producing areas. Results show that the predisposition of traditional food systems and preferences lead city dwellers to consume specific foods in particular ways; all the people interviewed consume Irish potato, but not at the same rate; Irish potato dishes vary and people from non-producing areas already eat some dishes like fried potato and chips at high scale. Intercultural associations could thus be an important channel for sharing Irish potato consumption information.
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Ahmad Tajedi, Noor Aqilah, Shafein Mohd Shahriman, S. M. Sabri S. M. Ismail, and Intan Rohani Endut. "The Comparison of Travellers’ Attitude towards Public Transport: A Study on the Modal Share in Kuala Lumpur." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.861.
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Malaysia governments are seeing that the future of transportation to be creating an environmentally clean and sustainable for the benefit of the people.A huge amount of investment has been made by the governments towards a public transportation sector by expecting that the infrastructure and sustainability of transportation could change the number of modal share gradually. However, the numbers of modal share has not increased compared to private vehicle usage of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Therefore, a study on the travellers (both public and private vehicle users) attitudes is important to help understand the similarity or differences that could explain the modal share. The purpose of this study is to compare the attitudes of travellers in the Kuala Lumpur city centre by analysing the similarities and differences of attitudes among Public Transport users (PT) and Private Transport users (PV). The attitude being studied is about travelling without any specification of modes, thus examining 1790 KL dwellers objectives and provide the basis for fair and just comparison with regard to PT and PV. The attitudes towards travelling were measured by a 5-point Likert scale using a structured questionnaire, and statistically analysed by applying factor analysis provided in SPSS. The study found that six attitudes define the attitudes of PT traveller towards travelling, and three attitudes were influencing PV travellers toward travelling. Based on this outcome, the key attitudes that influence travellers’ willingness to use public transport were discussed and identified. The results lead to understanding the attitudes of people towards travelling from the eye of public transport and private transport users. The understanding forms concrete basis for government to plan on strategies to shift private vehicle users and promote usage of public transport. For operators, the understanding also provides invaluable input for strategic planning of marketing effort/public policy.Keyword-TravellerAttitude,Age,Gender,Incomelevel,PublicVehicle,PrivateVehicle
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Miller, Julia. "Rain on Our Parade: La Niña and the Impact of Climate Change on ‘Sunny’ Sydney." Sydney Journal 4, no. 1 (October 21, 2013): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/sj.v4i1.2792.
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In 1963 Sydneysiders, having suffered four dismal summers in a row and wetter than usual weather during the 1950s, looked back to those lazy, hazy days of the summers of a distant past where the sky arched blue over the gleaming golden sand of the quintessential Australian beach. City dwellers in the dying months of 1963, worried by persistent rain and cool temperatures, concluded that soggy weather had become the established norm. More recent experiences of wet summers in Sydney have blamed this on La Niña—a short-term climate driver that brought heavy rains and flooding to many districts of eastern Australia. This article examines the impact of natural climate cycles on attitudes to weather in Sydney. It shows how an investigation of the cultural interface of weather and climate can illuminate attitudes that impact on our ability to plan for climate change into the future.
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Czepkiewicz, Michał, Áróra Árnadóttir, and Jukka Heinonen. "Flights Dominate Travel Emissions of Young Urbanites." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2019): 6340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226340.
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Transport is a key sector in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A consensus prevails on a causal relationship between distance to the city center and emissions from private transport, which has led to an emphasis on density in urban planning. However, several studies have reported a reverse association between the level of urbanity and emissions from long-distance leisure travel. Studies have also suggested that pro-environmental attitudes and climate change concerns are unrelated or positively related to emissions from long-distance travel. The goals of this case study were to find out the structure, levels, distribution, and predictors of GHG emissions from the local, domestic, and international travel of young adults of the Reykjavik Capital Region. A life cycle assessment (LCA) approach was utilized to calculate emissions, and the materials were collected with a map-based online survey. International leisure travel dominated the overall GHG emissions from personal travel regardless of residential location, modality style, or income level. A highly unequal distribution of emissions was found. A higher climate change awareness was found to predict higher GHG emissions from trips abroad. Emissions from leisure travel abroad were the highest in the city center, which was related to cosmopolitan attitudes among downtown dwellers.
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Lines, Kate, and Jack Makau. "Taking the long view: 20 years of Muungano wa Wanavijiji, the Kenyan federation of slum dwellers." Environment and Urbanization 30, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247818785327.
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In the mid-1990s, the grassroots movement Muungano wa Wanavijiji emerged from Nairobi’s many slums aiming to resist forced evictions by the Kenyan government. Muungano confronted a nexus of politicians, government administrators and elites all seeking to acquire city land occupied by informal settlements – and in doing so challenged antipathetic attitudes to informality. Joining global advocacy, Muungano has pushed locally for recognition of slums as human settlements, later designing models for upgrading living conditions. Throughout this evolution, the Kenyan state has been the single most prominent precipitant for the strategies Muungano has employed. This paper describes the correlations between a social movement and the state, set within broader changes in state–civil society relations in Kenya. In doing so it seeks to bring out the complexity of a relationship that has varied from conflict to contestation, partnership to collaboration, and separate but parallel efforts to address common issues.
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Čičirkaitė, Ramunė. "An educated, successful businessman or a market dealer speaking with an accent? Research on subconscious attitudes of students in Russian schools." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 8 (February 6, 2017): 292–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2016.17515.
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The article focuses on the speaker evaluation experiment conducted in the spring of 2016 in Vilnius schools with Russian as the language of instruction. The aim of the experiment was to reveal the students’ subconscious attitudes (evaluations) and determine whether the four speaking styles of Vilnius, which had been distinguished conventionally for the purposes of the research, were recognized by the respondents and what social meanings the styles were associated with. The same experiment was conducted in 2014 in Vilnius schools with Lithuanian as the language of instruction. The study proved the hypothesis that there was a clear hierarchy of the speech styles differentiated by the variants of /i/, /u/, /i + R/, /u + R/ of different duration used in a stressed position. The styles are socially significant to ethnic Lithuanian school students and function as markers of social personality types associated with different personality traits, professions and ethnicity. This year’s experiment is based on the assumption that the social stigma created by standardization ideology and associated with Slavic speakers has affected the subconscious attitudes of students from Russian schools so much that Vilnius speech styles will evoke to them similar associations to those of the students of Lithuanian origin; in other words, phonetic variants which distinguish the styles are likely to identify the same social types of speakers.The research has proved the initial hypothesis. The style Kam+GalSL used by Vilnius city dwellers of Slavic origin tends to be perceived as revealing a Slavic background but does not serve as a marker of high social status and high professional competence. Therefore, even though the participants of the experiment attend Russian schools, their linguistic attitudes are not lingo-centric, namely, they are involved in the same field of social meanings as the Lithuanian school students (such social meanings as non-Lithuanian, less educated, having a poorer job are chosen when reflecting on the Slavic pronunciation). Therefore, the respondents may apply the same ideological scheme on the subconscious level while evaluating the speech of a group to which they belong according to the distinguished features of stimuli. Additional social meanings of this style include otherness (weird), poor communicational skills (poor speaker), low social status and working-class professions indicating meanings (laborer, janitor, market dealer).It seems that the variability of duration in stressed /i/, /u/, /i + R/, /u + R/, which is typical of Lithuanian city dwellers in Vilnius, acquires a different value among Russians speakers in Vilnius. The Kam speaking style, originating from a dialect and distinguished by phonetic variants, is associated with a lower social value in comparison with the styles Kam+GalLT and Neu, which include strongly stigmatized phonetic variants, associated with the speech of Vilnius city dwellers. Both styles Kam+GalLT and Neu are associated with a social type of a speaker of high social status, substantial income, leading positions and high professional competence; however, their sub-types of association are different. Representatives of the Kam speaking style are characterized as provincial, of lower status, working-class professions and representatives of the services area.
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Cardoso, António, Amândio da Silva, Manuel Sousa Pereira, Neeta Sinha, Jorge Figueiredo, and Isabel Oliveira. "Attitudes towards Slum Tourism in Mumbai, India: Analysis of Positive and Negative Impacts." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 30, 2022): 10801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710801.
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Tourism has grown exponentially in the 21st century and continues to be one of the rapidly growing industries in the world in terms of revenue generation and employment opportunities. It covers not only travel services and boarding-lodging activities but a wide range of independent but related sectors like transport, accommodation, food and beverage, and entertainment, among others. Modern tourism is diversified and includes several odd types of tourism, like slum tourism, dark tourism, and sex tourism. This paper analyzes the case of slum tourism to Dharavi, India’s commercial capital and largest city as well as the benefits and disadvantages that such kind of tourism has. It also attempts to understand the opinion of the common people and slum dwellers on slum tourism, while observing if the ten principles of the “Global Code of Ethics for Tourism” (GCET) have been fulfilled in the country. The results show that overall, the principles of GCET are fulfilled but much is still left to be done. On the other side, most of the slum residents accept slum tourism as a reality that brings more benefits than damage to their living environment and are of the opinion that tourism brings prosperity to them and to the country.
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Perez Esparza, David, and David Hemenway. "What is the level of household gun ownership in urban Mexico? An estimate from the first Mexican survey on gun ownership 2017." Injury Prevention 25, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042607.
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Gun violence has increased in Mexico since the mid-2000s, but little is known about patterns of gun ownership. We examine the size and composition of the privately held urban firearm stock in Mexico, motivations for ownership, and attitudes about gun laws. To this end, a household telephone survey of 1361 adults living in nine Mexican cities was conducted in the summer of 2017. We find that few urban Mexican households contain guns. Most of those who report ownership possess one gun, having purchased it recently for self-defense. Few urban Mexican citizens plan to purchase a gun in the future. Respondents are more likely to believe that crime in Mexico would increase if guns were allowed in more places (ie, workplaces and motor vehicles). Evidence suggests urban Mexico has relative low rates of firearm ownership. Few city dwellers plan on obtaining a firearm in the near future.
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Baranova, Vlada, and Kapitolina Fedorova. "Overcoming Aggressive Monolingualism: Prejudices and Linguistic Diversity in Russian Megalopolises." Open Linguistics 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 672–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0038.
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Abstract The study deals with linguistic prejudices of citizens of the two main Russian cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg, toward speakers of foreign languages. It aims to reveal possible recent changes in the language ideology dominating Russian society. Monolingual and linguistically normative orientations rooted in the Soviet ideological approach are being challenged nowadays by global processes of migration and cultural diversification, which influence the everyday reality of Russian megalopolises. The research is based on the analysis of two sets of data: (1) meta-discourse on language attitudes derived from interviews with labor migrants and native Russian speakers in St. Petersburg and Moscow, and posts and comments on issues of language, migration, and linguistic landscapes, collected from websites and social media and (2) linguistic landscape data collected in 2016–2019, mainly in St. Petersburg, which reflect recent changes in attitude toward linguistic diversity in public space. These data show, on the one hand, that most city dwellers still relate to monolingual speech norms and try to implement control over public space; on the other hand, that the tolerance toward multilingual communication has been increasing over the years. The study suggests that these “first cracks” in monolinguals facades of Russian cities could eventually lead to the establishing of a less rigid language regime.
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Baranova, Vlada, and Kapitolina Fedorova. "Overcoming Aggressive Monolingualism: Prejudices and Linguistic Diversity in Russian Megalopolises." Open Linguistics 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 672–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0038.
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AbstractThe study deals with linguistic prejudices of citizens of the two main Russian cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg, toward speakers of foreign languages. It aims to reveal possible recent changes in the language ideology dominating Russian society. Monolingual and linguistically normative orientations rooted in the Soviet ideological approach are being challenged nowadays by global processes of migration and cultural diversification, which influence the everyday reality of Russian megalopolises. The research is based on the analysis of two sets of data: (1) meta-discourse on language attitudes derived from interviews with labor migrants and native Russian speakers in St. Petersburg and Moscow, and posts and comments on issues of language, migration, and linguistic landscapes, collected from websites and social media and (2) linguistic landscape data collected in 2016–2019, mainly in St. Petersburg, which reflect recent changes in attitude toward linguistic diversity in public space. These data show, on the one hand, that most city dwellers still relate to monolingual speech norms and try to implement control over public space; on the other hand, that the tolerance toward multilingual communication has been increasing over the years. The study suggests that these “first cracks” in monolinguals facades of Russian cities could eventually lead to the establishing of a less rigid language regime.
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Zaslavskaya, Maria, and Victor Agadjanian. "Gender Attitudes Across Generations in Contemporary Armenian Society (Comparative Analysis)." Journal of Sociology: Bulletin of Yerevan University 13, no. 2 (36) (December 31, 2022): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/bysu:f/2022.13.2.048.
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Contemporary gender norms and attitudes in Armenia have been shaped by a complex interplay of pre-Soviet traditional culture, the legacy of the Soviet socialist modernization project, and the post-Soviet spread of western ideas and values. The paper examines generational differences in gender norms and attitudes in Armenian society, by comparing three generational groups. The mixed-method analysis is based on quantitative and qualitative data, including the nationally-representative household-based Gender Barometer Survey conducted in 2014, as well as in-depth interviews and focus group discussions among members of different generational groups in Armenia during 2015-2020. The results of the factor analysis show considerable generational complexity in gender norms and attitudes. We find that the majority of Armenian society, regardless of gender and generation, strongly adheres to the core family values and the corresponding gendered family roles. At the same time, the analyses show that individuals who belong to the older generation, i.e., the generation whose socialization took place under Soviet rule, display the most conservative patriarchal gender attitudes. The middle generation, whose coming of age occurred during the period of the early radical post-Soviet transformation, demonstrate inconsistent gender attitudes: while adhering to conservative gender norms, they are also most dissatisfied with the state of gender equality and in some aspects, such as achievement of status and wealth, display considerable gender egalitarianism. Finally, the youngest generation generally subscribes to the most egalitarian attitudes, but this group is far from homogenous, demonstrating a sharp divide between urban dwellers, who are very egalitarian-minded, and rural ones, who are remarkably conservative. Notably, young women living in cities display by far the most egalitarian attitudes. Moreover, among men, the generation is not a significant predictor of the level of egalitarianism in gender attitudes, compared to education and area of residence (city/village). However, it has a more significant impact on women’s perception of the traditional gender scheme. We conclude with a discussion of the role of changes in gender norms and attitudes in a broader transformation of Armenian society.
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Teixeira, Camila Palhares, Luiza Passos, Vinicius D. L. R. Goulart, Andre Hirsch, Marcos Rodrigues, and Robert J. Young. "Evaluating patterns of human–reptile conflicts in an urban environment." Wildlife Research 42, no. 7 (2015): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15143.
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Context Reptiles, especially snakes, can cause a fear reaction in the public and are, therefore, a good model to examine human–wildlife conflicts. Human city dwellers often respond to the presence of snakes or other reptiles by calling out the responsible agency for animal control, which has to mediate the situation. Aims To determine how the temporal and spatial occurrence of human–reptile conflicts were associated with environmental conditions and socio-economic factors in a large Brazilian city (Belo Horizonte). Methods The callout reports of the Environmental Police of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, over a 7-year period from 2002 to 2008 to mediate reptile conflicts were analysed. Densities of callouts were determined by kernel-density estimator and matched with the vegetation cover and land use, to determine how the environment affected reptile callout distribution. The study area was divided into nine regions with different socio-economic and demographic characteristics to evaluate the possible effects of human factors in the conflict. Key results Reptile callouts were almost exclusively about snakes or freshwater turtles, despite a large population of wild lizards. In general, the difference in callout distribution of snakes and freshwater turtles was the result of different attitudes from city dwellers on the basis of socio-economic characteristics. Snakes were less frequent as urbanisation increased, whereas freshwater turtles were associated with water or open areas. Significantly, more conflicts occurred during the rainy season. People in areas of high per capita income used the Environmental Police as mediators more often than did those in poorer areas, but callouts were not related to human population density. Conclusions Habitat type and climate were significantly predictive of human–reptile conflicts. Human populations with higher salaries and education levels tended to resolve their conflicts with reptiles using official mediators whether the reptile was venomous or not. Implications The environmental and climatic data show that it is possible to predict when and where human–reptile conflicts are most likely. Thus, official mediators can use this information for targeted education programs. Such education programs should emphasise, at all levels of society, how to deal with such conflicts sensibly, so as to ensure the best outcomes for people and reptiles.
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Suchocka, Marzena, Paweł Jankowski, and Magdalena Błaszczyk. "Perception of Urban Trees by Polish Tree Professionals vs. Nonprofessionals." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010211.
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Sustainable urban forests require tree acceptance and support. Two groups of respondents, professionals (working in urban green areas) and individuals (with no professional connection with trees) revealed their attitudes towards trees by assessing statements in a survey questionnaire. Similar general attitude from professionals and nonprofessionals towards the examined benefits and harms related to urban trees was observed. Tree benefits were perceived as much more important than the annoyance they might cause. However, 6% of nonprofessionals found only negative aspects in trees, proving to be arboriphobes. No arboriphobes and no “Tree sceptics” were among the professionals. Around 40% of the respondents in the two groups found the number of trees in the surrounding areas too low. The nuisance caused by trees was seen as more disturbing by younger and lower-educated professionals. Women tended to assess trees as more attractive and as having a stronger influence on socioeconomic contributions than men. Men dominated the “Tree indifferent” group. The attractiveness of trees and their impact on socioeconomic contributions were related to the place of residence and the level of education among the nonprofessionals. The level of education of the nonprofessionals was also connected to being clustered into one of the four abovementioned groups of respondents. A majority of medium and big city dwellers as well as a minority of villagers were in the “Tree liking” cluster.
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Krasovskaya, N. А., and Y. I. Kuzina. "The Phenomenon of Regional Euphemisms and the Work of City Managers (the Analysis of Euphemisms in the Internet-Based Discourse)." Professional Discourse & Communication 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2687-0126-2021-3-4-21-32.
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This article discusses the issue of the relationship between euphemisms and regional phenomena. The author dwells on the definition of euphemisms and the indication of their main features, emphasizing that the main aspect in understanding euphemisms is replacing a rude or undesirable word with a softer and more appropriate one. According to the author, understanding euphemisms that are found in the speech of residents of a certain geographical area is very important for heads of administrations at various levels, employees of departments, working with the local residents, i.e. for managers who ensure the well-being of city dwellers. The notion of euphemisms is closely related to culture and social attitudes that are developed in society. It is the link between euphemisms and culture, certain stereotypes, traditions of society, systems of values, etc. that makes the existence of regional euphemisms possible. In this study, a hypothesis is put forward about the presence of euphemistic substitutions, characteristic of a certain region. As part of the research, an attempt was made to identify euphemisms characteristic of the Tula region (Russia). Examples of direct discussion of Russian-language publications made in the “Overheard in Tula” community of the VKontakte social network serve as the empirical material for the study. As a result of the analysis, it was proved that in most cases, participants in communication use euphemisms when discussing the shortcomings and problems of their region. Understanding such use of euphemisms can help city managers in their work. The research reveals which regional events most often induce the residents of the Tula region to use euphemistic substitutions. Based on the comparison of selected discourse samples and data from lexicographic sources, it is determined whether the used substitutions can be considered euphemisms. The authors come to the conclusion that it is possible to speak about the existence of the very phenomenon of regional euphemisms and that its further study is much needed as it can improve the efficiency of city managers.
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Árnadóttir, Áróra, Michał Czepkiewicz, and Jukka Heinonen. "The Geographical Distribution and Correlates of Pro-Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors in an Urban Region." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 24, 2019): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081540.
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A lot of emphasis has been put on the densification of urban form to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from transportation. However, many recent studies have found that central urban dwellers, even though their carbon footprints of daily transportation may be lower, might be responsible for higher total emissions than those that reside in suburban areas. Similarly, as with the urban form, higher environmental concern is often considered as an indicator of lower emissions, but several studies have found that pro-environmental attitude (PEA) does not always correlate with less energy intensive behavior. This study analyzes how urban zones, PEA, and several sociodemographic variables are associated with annual travel emissions and pro-environmental behaviors (PEB), using a dataset collected with a map-based online survey (softGIS) survey, contributed by 841 participants from the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (HMA), Finland. Although PEA can affect PEBs related to household energy consumption (β = 0.282, p < 0.001), clothing (β = 0.447, p < 0.001) and produce purchases (β = 0.449, p < 0.0001), their relationship with emissions from local (β = −0.067), national (β = −0.019) and international (β = −0.016) travel was not significant. Clusters of low emissions from local travel and high international travel emissions were found in pedestrian-oriented urban zones and residents of car-oriented zones were more likely to conserve household energy (β = 0.102, p < 0.05). These results might help broaden the current perspective of city planners, as well as identify opportunities for more effective mitigation policies.
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Angeoletto, Fabio, Piotr Tryjanowski, Jeater Santos, Beatriz Martinez-Miranzo, Deleon Leandro, João Bohrer, Juciane Maria Johann, and Mark D. E. Fellowes. "Will Brazilian City Dwellers Actively Engage in Urban Conservation? A Case Study with the Charismatic Neotropical Blue-and-Yellow Macaw (Ara ararauna)." Birds 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds3020015.
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The Blue-and-yellow macaw (Ara ararauna) is a charismatic and easily recognized species. While they are classified as being of “least concern” in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, their populations are declining. In Brazil, the accelerated destruction of one of its key habitats, the Cerrado biome, is a principal cause of their decreasing abundance. As with other species affected by loss of the Cerrado, active conservation measures are required. While usually rare in urban ecosystems, Ara ararauna occurs and breeds in small numbers in the city of Rondonópolis, a medium-sized city located in Mato Grosso, Central-West Region of Brazil. Blue-and-yellow macaw pairs nest in the tops of dead palm trees, but as the macaws are nest-site limited and suitable dead trees are scarce in urban areas, the installation of artificial nest sites in domestic backyards could help that urban population to thrive. To investigate whether local people would be willing to engage with conservation efforts and in particular to support macaw conservation, we surveyed the attitudes of Rondonópolis residents to measure: (1) citizens’ preferences among the bird species that occur in the city; (2) the average area of their yards, and (3) the willingness of residents to: (a) plant fruit trees to attract macaws to their yards and (b) to install artificial nests in their yards. Larger and more colorful birds (Ara ararauna, the Red-and-green macaw Ara chloropterus and Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco) were the bird species most valued across all socio-economic groups, suggesting that the charismatic species would be more likely to be supported by urbanites. Overall, people had good biodiversity knowledge, with respondents being able to identify half of our sample of local bird species, on average, and almost half had seen a nest site. The great majority were willing to plant fruit trees (78%) and provide nest sites (70%) for macaws. This willingness to engage was not affected by socioeconomic differences. These data indicate that a municipal macaw conservation program could be successful in Rondonópolis, and we argue that macaws could be a flagship species which would benefit wider efforts to engage Brazilian urbanites in active engagement with nature.
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Пирогов, Сергей Владимирович, Виталий Викторович Кашпур, and Дарья Олеговна Дунаева. "AXIOLOGICAL COMPONENT IN THE STRUCTURE OF VISUAL IMAGES OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT." ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ. Journal of Visual Semiotics, no. 1(31) (February 10, 2022): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2312-7899-2022-1-75-89.
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Статья посвящена возможностям изучения ценностного отношения к городской среде на материале пользовательского контента в социальных сетях. Визуальный образ города в контексте цифровых следов рассматривается как когнитивная модель городской среды, в которой отражаются интерпретативные и проективные конструкции – субъективные представления о локусах среды, которые становятся освоенными «местами», выражают определённые ценностные отношения и ожидания субъектов восприятия. Показано, что контент социальных сетей реализует прежде всего коммуникативную функцию – взаимные отношения между пользователями, а также пользователей с самим городом. Утверждается, что межличностная коммуникация и коммуникация с городом являются условием как построения личностной идентичности, так и существования и изменения самого города, который существует в том числе и как городская идентичность, как освоенные места городского пространства. Выявленная тенденция апроприации городской среды вполне отчётливо выражена в визуальных материалах городских сообществ, что является новым и значимым явлением. Анализ пользовательского контента в социальных сетях показывает, что фотографии слабо репрезентируют витальные ценности горожан, связанные с вопросами их бытовой жизнедеятельности, однако в них выражаются экзистенциальные потребности жителей города. Доминирующей ценностно-смысловой тональностью оценки городской среды является возможность её личностного освоения и присвоения. The article is dedicated to the possibilities of studying the axiological attitude towards the urban environment on the basis of user-generated content in social networks. The visual image of the city in the context of digital footprints is considered to be a cognitive model of the urban environment, which reflects interpretative and projective constructions – subjective ideas about the environment loci that become adopted “places” and express certain axiological attitudes and expectations of individuals. The article shows that the content of social networks implements, first of all, a communicative function – between users, and between them and the city itself. Interpersonal communication and communication with the city are conditions for constructing personal identity and for the city existence and change. The city exists, in particular, as an urban identity, in forms of adopted places of urban space. The described tendency of the urban environment appropriation is quite clearly expressed in the visual materials of urban communities, which appear as a new and significant phenomenon. The analysis of user-generated content in social networks shows that photographs poorly represent the city dwellers’ vital values of everyday life, but they express their existential needs. The dominant value-semantic meaning of the urban environment is its ability to be developed and appropriated by a person
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Coogan, Andrew N., Michael Cleary-Gaffney, Megan Finnegan, Georgia McMillan, Ainhoa González, and Brian Espey. "Perceptions of Light Pollution and its Impacts: Results of an Irish Citizen Science Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 5628. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155628.
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Background: Light pollution is increasingly an area of concern for health and quality of life research. Somewhat surprisingly, there are relatively few descriptions of perceptions of light pollution in the literature. The current study examined such perceptions in a Irish sample. Methods: A survey was circulated as part of a citizen science initiative of a national newspaper; the survey included questions regarding night sky brightness and the impact of light at night on sleep and animal behaviour. Complete responses from 462 respondents were analysed. Results: Urban location was, as anticipated, associated with reported brighter night skies, and public lighting was reported as the main source of light at night for urban settings, whilst neighbours’ domestic lighting was the most commonly reported source for rural settings. Respondents from rural settings were more likely to report that light at night impinged on sleep, whilst city dwellers were more likely to report recent changes in wildlife behaviour. Conclusions: Citizen science approaches may be useful in gathering data on public perceptions of light pollution and its impacts. In the current study, this perception was strongly influenced by location, highlighting the importance of assessing experiences and attitudes across a number of geographical settings.
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Walks, R. Alan. "Urban Form, Everyday Life, and Ideology: Support for Privatization in Three Toronto Neighbourhoods." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, no. 2 (February 2008): 258–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3948.
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One of the trends marking neoliberalism and the attack on the welfare state from the right is the move toward the privatization of public services. Recent research in both the United States and Canada suggests that residents of the suburbs of large urban regions are more likely to vote for political parties on the right and to support neoliberal policies such as privatization, while the opposite is true for inner-city dwellers. However, the reasons why such a spatial division should occur have received little academic attention. This paper seeks to fill this gap in the literature by analyzing the relationship between residential location, spatial factors, and attitudes toward privatization, using survey data collected in the Toronto region. Results suggest that the way urban space influences residents' daily routines and personal experiences may then mediate their perception of the uses of public services and the efficacy of government spending, factors which are found to affect spatial disparities in support of and/or in opposition to privatization. Thus, there is some evidence that urban spatial form is important for understanding the geographic unevenness of support for neoliberalism, and thus ultimately for the production of ideology.
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Vaicekauskienė, Loreta. "Capital city in the perceptions of "the best Lithuanian"." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 6 (November 7, 2015): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2014.17484.
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The paper examines the ideology of the best language in the Lithuanian speech community. The research is based on synthesis of various metalinguistic data collected during previous research by the author. The regularity of the findings and stereotypical attitudes found in the data suggest that the idea of the best Lithuanian in the Lithuanian speech community is closely linked to the largest city of Lithuania and the one of the highest social status – the capital Vilnius. Through the association with the city of Vilnius, the language of the „metropolis” and the „capital” acquires prestigious social meanings and the highest position in the hierarchy of Lithuanian language varieties. Metalinguistic localization in the metropolis gives following attributes to the best Lithuanian: non-dialectal, grammatical, correct, spoken by educated persons. Additional social values are developed through the association with the dwellers of the capital city and the urban center of the country itself: “modern”, “youthful”, “international”, “cosmopolitan”, “advanced”, as well as “self-confident”, “successful”, “wealthy”, “educated” and “cultivated”. All these attributions can be linked to the category dynamism, a valuable social value for, especially, young members of the community. Compared to the studies conducted elsewhere, it can be assumed that both linking of the ‘best speech’ with the speech of the metropolis or the capital city and the positive social associations of the capital city, is universal. All the research data collected using different methods during different investigations point to that there is basically no hierarchical relationship between the Vilnius speech and the standard Lithuanian in the best language perceptions of the Lithuanians. These two varieties are being integrated into one concept of the best speech spoken by best speaker, the one of the highest status, the most dynamic and competent as well possessing the best personality traits. Neither the stereotypical features associated with Vilnius speech (such as language mixing), nor the structural features of it (such as the so-called vowel lengthening, heavily criticized by the Lithuanian standard speech norm-setters), do not affect the concept of the best language by the community. Vilnius residents themselves and the general speech community evaluate linguistic features and prestige of the Vilnius speech differently from normative textbooks. The research presented in the paper makes it possible to predict that the link between capital Vilnius and the best speech of the community is the condition that will allow the speech of Vilnius to be taken over by language users and spread.
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Strydom, Wilma. "Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior to Recycling Behavior in South Africa." Recycling 3, no. 3 (September 8, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling3030043.
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This paper reports on an application of the Theory of Planned Behavior to understand the relationships between the determinants (latent variables) comprising the Theory of Planned Behavior and, based on these findings, to guide decision-making related to household recycling in South Africa. Data from a representative sample of respondents in large urban areas (n = 2004) was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the SEM analysis showed a good fit of the survey data to the Theory of Planned Behavior theoretical model. The Theory of Planned Behavior explains 26.4% of the variance in recycling behavior and 46.4% of the variance in intention to recycle. Only 3.3% of South Africans in large urban areas show dedicated recycling behavior, considering the recycling of five materials: paper, plastic, glass, metal, and compostable organic waste. The recycling frequency item in the recycling behavior construct is the most likely to be over-reported. South Africans lack sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, social pressure, and perceived control that would encourage recycling behavior. Awareness drives containing moral values (injunctive norms) and information about available recycling schemes, combined with the provision of a curbside collection service for recyclables, have the greatest chance to positively influence recycling behavior amongst South Africa’s city dwellers.
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Kaczorowska, Joanna, Krystyna Rejman, Ewa Halicka, Agata Szczebyło, and Hanna Górska-Warsewicz. "Impact of Food Sustainability Labels on the Perceived Product Value and Price Expectations of Urban Consumers." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 17, 2019): 7240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247240.
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Sustainable labelling is an important tool in raising awareness and informing potential buyers regarding environmental, economic and social issues. This study provides insights into consumers’ value of food sustainability labels through the exploration of the impact of logos on their purchasing decisions (willingness to buy (WTB)) and readiness to pay (willingness to pay (WTP)) a higher price for sustainability-labelled products. Data was collected via an online survey among a sample of 423 adult city dwellers in Poland. The structured questionnaire beside sections concerning consumer buying behaviour and perception of the food labels consisted of a behavioural choice experiment (CE), where two categories of plant products: fresh (apples or bananas) and non-perishable (rice or beans) varied by type of labelling (logos: Euro-leaf, PGI, Fair Trade or without logo) and by price. Cluster analysis revealed two consumer groups (named “Sceptical” and “Mindful”) that had varied opinions and perceptions of sustainable labelled food and buying behaviour. The research results indicate that when the logo is poorly-known even consumers with positive attitudes towards sustainability do not use it as a cue when shopping for food. Moreover, urban consumers were very price sensitive and showed a restrained desire to pay a higher price for sustainability labelled products.
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Emelyanova, Tatyana P., Eva N. Vikentieva, and Semyon V. Tarasov. "URBAN IDENTITY AND IMAGE OF THE FUTURE IN TWO CITIES: GENERATION FACTOR." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Psychology. Pedagogics. Education, no. 4 (2022): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6398-2022-4-57-78.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of urban identity and image of the future in four generations of residents of two cities – Moscow and the subpolar monotown of Surgut. It is assumed that the image of the future and urban identity are indicators of the social well-being of representatives of different generations, their expectations, and fears. The study was conducted through an online survey, N=644. Residents of Moscow were 358 people, and residents of Surgut – were 285 people. The samples are divided into subgroups by generations: Baby Boomers, X, Y, and Z. Methods were used: “Scale of Identification with the City” (Lalli M.), the author’s modification of the “Semantic Differential” methodology, which includes 8 scales aimed at studying attitudes towards the future cities, associative technique. The results of the study showed that the Baby Boomer generation of both cities associates their future with the town to the greatest extent, and representatives of generation Z of both cities identify themselves with the city of residence less than other generations and less often than other generations associate their future with it. The high level of urban identity in Moscow, which citizens perceive (according to SD) in positive categories, also includes a positive perception of their future in the city (predictable, bright, hopeful, meaningful, eventful). The overall indicator of urban identity among the residents of Surgut is significantly lower. In the Surgut sample, negatively colored emotional categories are most closely associated with the category that reflects the lifestyle of city dwellers in the future (“Poor events”). However, despite the fundamental differences in living conditions in the two cities under consideration, the elements of the image of an ideal city turn out to be similar. Among Surgut residents, significant (in comparison with the expectations of Muscovites) were wishes related to environmental opportunities for children and youth, as well as requirements for comfort. Socio-psychological explanations are put forward for generational differences in the level of urban identity and the nature of the image of the future of the city, and prospects for further research are outlined.
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Nikuze, Alice, Richard Sliuzas, and Johannes Flacke. "From Closed to Claimed Spaces for Participation: Contestation in Urban Redevelopment Induced-Displacements and Resettlement in Kigali, Rwanda." Land 9, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9070212.
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In many cities and urban areas in Africa, land acquisition for urban redevelopment, land readjustment, and resettlement of affected urban residents are currently framed as innovative approaches to eradicating informal settlements, improving the living environments, and supporting the implementation of newly adopted city Master Plans. Nevertheless, it is not yet known how the responses of institutions and affected people shape these processes. Based on research conducted in Kigali, Rwanda, this article discusses affected residents’ responses to land expropriation and resettlement necessary for urban redevelopments. Our findings show that affected informal settlement dwellers voiced their concerns over the deviations from the Expropriation Law, compensation decision-making made behind closed doors, lack of transparency in property valuation, and compensation packages that they perceive to be unfair. Some of the consequences of these concerns are strong feelings of unfairness, exclusion, and marginalisation; distrust and increased perceptions of impoverishment risks, all of which fuel contestation and resistance attitudes among the affected landowners. The affected landowners agitate to assert their rights and stake their claims through contestations, community mobilisation, and legal recourse. We conclude that such contestations constitute claimed spaces and interactions in which affected landowners are laying claim to fair processes against the ‘’exceptionality’’ and the “decide-defend” decision-making approaches, while local authorities assert legitimacy of their decisions. Critically, informal households affected by urban redevelopments see opportunities for participation in their resettlement decision-making as fundamental to securing their future.
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Supriyatno, Budi. "Synergy Model of the Role of Local Government and Community in the Relocation of Slums in Jakarta Indonesia." Asian Social Science 17, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n2p1.
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The problem of slum areas along the river in Jakarta Indonesia does not only cover housing problems, but also social and economic problems for people living in slum areas. As city dwellers, they are entitled to a place to live and earn a living without breaking the rules. However, the DKI Jakarta Government has been taking issue with its citizens who have always refused to evict and relocate their citizens for a better life. In fact, the DKI Jakarta Government wants to arrange slum settlements along the river, which is done in stages with. Therefore, a synergy role model is needed to be built, among others, through direct public deliberations with its citizens which can be used as a good structuring pattern and can become a forum for communication between the Regional Government and the community. The steps that need to be taken are government efforts so that citizens can change their views to a more positive direction in assessing the policies of the DKI Jakarta Regional Government and how Regional Government policies can optimally implement the people's aspirations. To understand these problems, it is necessary to conduct research that examines the problems of slum settlements in Jakarta which are expected to produce solutions that can solve existing problems. This study aims to examine the perceptions, motivations and attitudes of the people of Jakarta towards local government policies. The goal is to be able to develop role models for the DKI Jakarta Regional Government and communities in slum settlements according to the aspirations and socio-economic conditions of the local community.
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Geržotaitė, Laura. "Research of the images of standard Lithuanian in an area of the standard language: the case of Kaunas district gymnasium." Lietuvių kalba, no. 13 (December 20, 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2019.22483.
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The present study explores the images of standard Lithuanian of young people at a gymnasium located in the area of the standard language. The data were obtained from a questionnaire based on the methodological principles of perceptual dialectology. The image of the standard language in the consciousness of the respondents emerges from the analysis of the questionnaire data: the frequency of linguistic codes, the mental maps of the standard language areas, and associations of the standard language. The analysis of the data shows that the gymnasium students tend to distance themselves from the regional linguistic code. The respondents’ disassociation from the local variety and their stronger preference for the code of the standard language is probably related to their sense of language security in the area of the linguistic homeland (including that of the standard language). The mental maps show that the young people associate the standard Lithuanian with the larger or smaller area of central Lithuania, which includes cities (Kaunas, Vilnius), adjacent non-dialect areas (Jonava, Kaišiadorys), and one or two dialect zones; it nearly overlaps the area of the standard language delineated in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Vilnius is the part of this image – probably of its status of the capital city and a significant social, cultural, and urban centre of attraction. The gymnasium students think that speakers of the standard language are city dwellers first and foremost, while the mental connection between the code of standard language and education occurs less often. Such views might have emerged due to the location of the city – hence that of the respondents’ linguistic homeland. Identifying the standard language user as an ordinary person or a Lithuanian could most likely be explained by the fact that the standard language is not only a national language to the young people: it is also an equivalent of their linguistic code. The gymnasium students do not associate the standard language with linguistic norms (the correct use of language). The consistency of the young generation’s attitudes (both those visualised on the maps and verbalised in the questionnaire answers) suggests the high value of the variety spoken in the area they associate with the standard language. The results of the study provide insights into the functioning, vitality, and continuity of the standard language in this area.
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Wu, Xiang Yang, and Wei Jia Lu. "A Study on Environmental Attitude, Environmental Behavior and Environment Issues of Living Place: The Questionnaire Survey for some Dwellers in Shenzhen." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.290.
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Firstly, the study took the environmental attitude, environmental behavior of the city dwellers and the environment issues in living place for the target, and designed the questionnaire with the actual situation in Shenzhen. Secondly, the questionnaires returned back were analyzed in details. According to the conclusion from the statistical analysis for the questionnaires' data, the relationship of the environmental attitude and environmental behavior of the city dwellers was explored and the environmental issues were found out in the end.
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Loginov, Dmitry. "Traditional and new patterns of today's urban youth demographic behavior." Population 24, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.15.
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The article analyzes specific features of the Russian urban youth demographic behavior.. The empirical base of the study is the data of the representative public opinion poll of the Russian city dwellers aged 18-35 that was conducted in 2019. The levels of reproduction of the traditional patterns and the scale of the spread of new demographic orientations are revealed in the course of the study. It is shown that the mechanisms of postponed marriage and childbirth are taking place in the sphere of young people demographic behavior. The majority of young men are married or plan to be married in future, but even in the age cohort of32-35 around a quarter of respondents are not married and do not have permanent partner. Young marriages are giving way to the tradition of creating family after 25-30 years old that is also preceded by cohabitation without marriage. The optimal age for getting married is being put off and this is particularly characteristic of men. More educated representatives of urban youth are clearly orientated at the model in which the major part is taken by development of educational potential and making career, and creation of family is temporarily postponed. Childbirth remains the unconditional value of Russian youth, however refusal from early reproductive orientations also becomes social norm. The strategy "childfree" becomes actual in the youngest age cohort at the level of 18% and significantly loses its rates to 6-7% when it is getting closer to the age of 30. Mass groups orientated at gender egalitarianism in family relations are clearly distinguished among modern urban youth: the proposed typology shows that around 40% of respondents are characterized by a low level of egalitarianism, and 15% — by the most egalitarian attitudes. In general, the spread of new demographic patterns goes on gradually, while individualistic motivations are combined with preservation of the value of family and childbirth.
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Jo, Kae Hwa, Gyeong Ju An, Gyun Moo Kim, and Yeon Ja Kim. "Predictive Factor s for City Dweller s’ Attitudes toward Death with Dignity." Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.14475/kjhpc.2012.15.4.193.
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Hasan, Md Zahid, A. M. Rumayan Hasan, Md Golam Rabbani, Mohammad Abdus Selim, and Shehrin Shaila Mahmood. "Knowledge, attitude, and practice of Bangladeshi urban slum dwellers towards COVID-19 transmission-prevention: A cross-sectional study." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): e0001017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001017.
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The first COVID-19 case in Bangladesh was detected on March 8, 2020. Since then, efforts are being made across the country to raise awareness among the population for preventing the spread of this virus. We aimed to examine the urban slum dwellers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 transmission-prevention. A phone-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in five slums of Dhaka City. Total 476 adult slum dwellers were interviewed between October 31 to December 1, 2020 using a pre-tested questionnaire. During an interview, information was collected on participants’ demographic characteristics and KAP items towards COVID-19. We used quartiles for categorization of knowledge and practice score where the first quartile represents poor, the second and third quartiles represent average while the fourth quartile represents good. Attitude score was standardized using z-score and identified as positive and negative attitude. Multiple linear regression models were used separately to identify the socioeconomic predictors of the KAP scores. The results showed that 25% of the respondents had good knowledge and 25% had poor knowledge, 48% had a positive attitude and 52% had a negative attitude, and 21% maintained good practice and 33% maintained poor practice towards COVID-19 transmission-prevention. About 75% respondents relied on television for COVID-19 related information. Regression results showed that knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher if respondents had primary or secondary and above level of education compared to the uneducated group. Female respondents maintained significantly good practice compared to their male counterparts (β = 6.841; p<0.01). This study has found that one third of the studied slum dwellers maintained poor practice and one fourth had poor knowledge towards COVID-19 transmission-prevention. As KAP domains are significantly correlated, efforts are needed to raise awareness of COVID-19 particularly targeting individuals with average and lower knowledge to improve attitude and practice for the prevention of COVID-19.
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Wiącek, Katarzyna. "Czy potrzebujemy „architektury oporu”?" Prace Kulturoznawcze 21, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-6668.21.4.8.
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Do we need “architecture of resistance”?The modern city design adapts to the consumer behavior of its inhabitants. The city-dwellers, under various slogans and ideologies, are willing to pay for their apparent security and live in a soulless yet sheltered residential development spaces. The American visionary and architect Lebbeus Woods has recognized architecture as a political act. He also thought that most architects are egotistical, self-styled executives who consider themselves creators. In view of the increasing tendency of ghettoisation of public space in cities, a critical attitude has to be adapted. By analyzing the mechanisms of spatial segregation, I point to the architecture of resistance gaining in importance as a form of fulfilling utopia in the creation of an inclusive city.
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Ogbazghi, Robel. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMAGE OF REZEKNE CITY." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 8 (October 24, 2016): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2016vol1.8.1848.
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The research analyzes the development of the image of Rezekne city (Latvia). Attractiveness of a city is described by its image. Three main target groups which are interested in city’s attractiveness are: dwellers, tourists, and business people. The attitude of these target groups were researched in the previous studies by several researchers.It is important to review the negative and positive aspects presented in this research study to minimize the negative elements and highlight the positive or attractive elements. The nature of Rezekne as a potential tourist destination, mainly in the scope of its history and attractions, is an important issue which is discussed in this paper.The research was qualitative and exploratory, consisting of a literature review followed by an empirical investigation using interviews with tourism experts located in the city of Rezekne. The aim of the research study is to investigate tourism specialists' views on the opportunities for increasing the attractiveness of Rezekne city for tourists.
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Rudresh, Harish B., and Sudhir Gowda. "Influence of anti-tobacco advertisements on the attitude of slum dwellers about use of tobacco: a cross-sectional study from Mandya city." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 4516. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194522.
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Background: As per the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) rules, the anti-tobacco health spots and disclaimers are being provided by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. These advertisements are aimed at creating awareness about the ill effects of tobacco use. Mass media anti-tobacco advertising campaigns play an important role as part of a comprehensive tobacco control program and are associated with increase in smoking cessation and declines in adult tobacco use prevalence.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the influence of anti-tobacco advertisements among slum dwellers of Mandya city. A self-structured, close-ended questionnaire was used to interview 700 slum dwellers. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic data, tobacco usage status, questions related to awareness about anti-tobacco advertisements, and influence of anti-tobacco advertisements on attitude toward tobacco use. Frequency distributions and percentages were examined for each item and Chi-square test was used.Results: Out of 700 participants 54.5% were males and 45.5% were females. Nearly 87.7% of males and 70.2% of females had noticed the statutory warning which is shown during tobacco products’ usage on television/movies. Almost 66.4% of males and 68.0% of females had a positive change in attitude toward tobacco use due to influence of anti-tobacco advertisements.Conclusions: There is awareness against use of tobacco and this awareness should be used to motivate them to quit tobacco as well as to stop them from initiating tobacco use.
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Romana Afrose Meem, Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder, and Khalid Md. Bahauddin. "Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice (kap) of electronic waste management among consumers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.2.0179.
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Electronic waste is growing at an alarming rate in Dhaka City which would be harmful for the environment and the people of the city if it is not properly managed. This study aimed to explore consumers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice towards electronics waste manage facility of Dhaka city. The Present study follows quantitative research methods and collects data in the way of purposive sampling technique. Every city dweller uses electronic equipment in his house or office for daily activities. Although 100% of people are involved in e-waste generation but they (actually 73.5%) have no proper knowledge about the management of electronic wastes. On the other hand, approximately 96.8% citizens believe that there is a lack of proper management of electronic waste in the city. Again, nearly 95.2% would like to be involved in setting up a responsible and safe recycling scheme in the city area to get rid of from the detrimental effects of the electronic wastes. Of them, about 79% consumers are willing to get involved their selves into proper e-waste management facility by setting up a responsible and safe recycling scheme for the betterment of future generations and minimizing present socio-eco-environmental threat.
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Bylieva, Daria, Victoria Lobatyuk, and Irina Shestakova. "Shared Micromobility: Between Physical and Digital Reality." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 2467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042467.
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Moving around the city is a problem for the development of most megacities. Due to digital technologies, each city dweller is connected by information and communication channels with the city infrastructure, receiving information and choosing the available modes of movement. Shared micromobility in terms of digital solutions is a convenient service, while reducing congestion and emissions, and preventing air and noise pollution; however, the physical and social dimension of the city is experiencing problems, with growing public health concerns, high overall environmental costs, clutter in the streets, etc. This presentation presents a case study of the relatively recent emergence of shared micromobility in St. Petersburg and attitudes towards its users. In addition to the direct process of use and the experience gained, the factors that determine the social influence and perception of micromobility are highlighted. The highest ratings of the digital component and the rather high importance of such factors as environmental friendliness and safety make it possible to recommend the creation of an interactive digital system that unites riders.
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Deryugin, Pavel, Ol'ga Yarmak, Ekaterina Strashko, Veronika Yarmak, and Elena Astrahanceva. "THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION PROCESSES ON THE FORMATION OF HUMAN POTENTIAL AND CAPITAL OF SEVASTOPOL." Russian Journal of Management 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-2-151-155.
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The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of the migration factor on the dynamics of the human potential of the Sevastopol region. The huge migration growth in the city of Sevastopol over the past three years is of great interest for the study. This phenomenon cannot but influence the magnitude of the human potential of the region, the attitude of city residents to this phenomenon, as well as its network component.
The conclusions made as a result of the study include: 1) migration processes occurring in the region have a huge impact on all components of regional human potential, strengthening or weakening its network social component, which underlies the structure of potential, 2) analysis and calculation of indicators showed that degradation (loss) of human potential indicators is taking place in Sevastopol, in particular, a number of factors influencing the migration growth, as well as the problems of the indigenous population associated with migration processes, were identified. 3) The study revealed a widespread hostility towards migrants among city dwellers, with whom many associate an increase in crime, a complication of the situation on the labor market and other negative trends.
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Alsztyniuk, Anna. "Вобраз героя ў аповесцях Андрэя Федарэнкі (на аснове кніг Ланцуг і Ціша)." Acta Polono-Ruthenica 4, no. XXIII (December 30, 2018): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/apr.3561.
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Andrey Fiedarenka (born in 1959) – author of the books: History of the disease (1989), Misery (1994), Afghan casket (2002), No one’s (2009), The Chain (2012), Silence (2014) and others, winner of many awards, including Jerzy Giedroyc Literary Award. The writer is considered a classic of Belarusian literature. In his artistic work, three basic types of heroes can be distinguished: inhabitants of villages, city dwellers and writers. The presentation of often difficult family relations, differences in characters and life priorities of the heroes become for A. Fiedarenka a pretext for deliberations on the subject of contemporary man’s life, his attitude towards people and nature. In his stories, the writer presents primarily people disappointed with life, lonely, seeking the sense of existence in contact with nature. Only hero-writers can be distinguished from the gallery of poor wretches.
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Nasrin, S., MM Islam, MA Mannan, and MB Ahmed. "Women participation in rooftop gardening in some areas of Khulna city." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 44, no. 2 (June 16, 2019): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v44i2.41821.
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Khulna is the largest city corporation in the southwestern region of Bangladesh where rooftop gardening is gradually gaining popularity among the city dwellers. The main purpose of the study was to assess the extent of participation of women in rooftop gardening in Khulna city and to explore the relationship between each of the selected characteristics of women and their extent of participation in rooftop gardening. Primary data were collected from randomly selected 92 women during the period of 20 March to 10 April, 2018 at Rayermahal, Khalishpur, Daulatpur and Maheshwarpasha areas under Khulna city. Most (94.57%) of the women had medium participation, 3.26% had high participation, and 2.17% had low participation. Considering four aspects, the women had higher participation in preparatory stage (Participation Extent (PE) = 59.87%) whereas it was least in harvesting stage (PE = 34.06%). Considering the twenty issues under four aspects of rooftop gardening, the highest participation by the women was in watering the garden (PE = 88.04%) and no participation was in marketing (PE = 0%). Among ten selected characteristics level of education (P<0.05), agricultural training, attitude towards rooftop gardening, and knowledge about rooftop gardening (P<0.01) had significant positive relationships with participation of women in rooftop gardening. By designing women friendly extension approach for rooftop gardening barrier free participation of the city dwelling women should be fostered.
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 327-337, June 2019
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Bello, T. B., T. D. Kolawole, F. A. Jesuleye, E. O. Ogunola, M. O. Oyebode, O. D. Abraham, R. O. Olaniyi, and I. O. Bamigbayan. "Municipal solid waste management practices in inner cities of Osogbo, Osun State and its implications on health." Research Journal of Health Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v10i1.3.
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Background: Indiscriminate waste disposal is a common practice in many cities of Sub-Saharan Africa and these unhealthy practices have made the region face severe environmental deterioration and health implications. The objective of this study is to assess the association between waste management practices and self-reported health outcomes among inner city dwellers in Osogbo.Method: The study is a cross sectional study carried out among 351 household heads using a semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire.Results: Majority (78.6%) of respondents had poor practice of waste management although, most showed concern on likely impacts of poor waste management. Most of them (81.8%) demonstrated positive attitude towards waste management and were willing to participate in organized waste management at low cost. Gender (X2 =7.217, P<0.05), income (X 2=12.140, P<0.05), occupation (X 2=29.034, P<0.05) and level of education were significantly associated with their poor waste management practices. Majority (74%) reported at least one ill health condition, practice and attitude were the major variables implicated in various ill health reported by the respondents.Conclusion: Poor waste management practices are strongly associated with ill health.
Keywords: Solid Waste, Management, Self-reported health outcomes, Practices.
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Cavric, Branko. "Planners’ roles and techniques in developing sustainable "eco-City": The case of gaborone, Botswana." Spatium, no. 11 (2004): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0411053c.
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Efforts to incorporate sustainability principles into city planning demands new relationships between traditional and contemporary culture of key players involved in urban development arena. Many stakeholders involved in urban projects, management and governance are tailoring the destiny of urban world. Unfortunately, their contribution to sustainable practices show the lack of awareness and negative attitude towards protection of basic environmental, economic and social elements for the benefits of future generations of urban dwellers. By changing the way in which they think it is important to spell out clearly the role of planning professionals which should be more active and persistent in educating and advising decision-makers and other stakeholders helping them not to think and act only sectorally supporting individual and forgetting common interests. With carrying capacities and sustainability in mind these "key players" should be trained and guided by planners and diverse community entrepreneurs to have a look well beyond current planning horizons of socio-economic and physical plans, because sound sustainable solutions need wider and more ecologically friendly temporal frameworks. This paper explores contemporary physical planning concepts for sustainable development of Gaborone city, the capital of Botswana. sensitive development solutions, lamenting more on behavioural organisational and technological improvements in city planner?s "toolkit" and planner?s roles of technocrats and advocates of sustainable change. The purpose of this exploration will also be to suggest how to create enough manoeuvring space beyond the exclusive political power and how to apply different planning concepts which can help to create a sustainable eco-city.
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Bártová, Zuzana. "The Buddhist Style in Consumer Culture: From Aesthetics to Emotional Patterns." Journal of Religion in Europe 14, no. 1-2 (July 26, 2021): 28–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18748929-20211488.
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Abstract This paper contributes to the sociological theorization of religious lifestyles in consumer culture, analyzing one of its most important identity markers: style. Based on a three-year comparative ethnographic research project into five convert Buddhist organizations in France and the Czech Republic, it finds that style is expressed through aesthetics with its adornment practices apparent in everyday life materializations of Buddhist symbols. The stylistic dimension is also found in practitioners’ attitudes towards Buddhism, as they may use the discourse of taste. Moreover, Buddhist style stands for the collective, coherent, and systematic emotional patterns expressed in Buddhist symbols, individual and collective experiences, and the ethics and behavior they display in everyday life. The paper also explores how this style is adapted to the educated, middle-class, city-dweller practitioners and how it respects dynamics of consumer culture with its emphasis on identity, style, and values of well-being, authenticity, and personal development.
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Moyo, T., W. Musakwa, and B. T. Mokoena. "AN ANALYSIS TO INVESTIGATE SPATIAL COGNITIVE FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE CYCLING PATTERNS IN JOHANNESBURG." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W11 (September 20, 2018): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w11-43-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Cycling in most African cities is done as either a mode of commuting or for recreational purposes. Apart from Smart cities encouraging a shift from cars to public transport by providing efficient last-mile connections, commuter cycling can take a significant share of end-to-end short distance trips. The ultimate realization of cycling merits by urban dwellers, (such as in Johannesburg, South Africa) is hindered by a lack of appropriate data to aid in understanding the dynamics of cycling behaviour. This paper seeks to be the first step in building a multi-model to govern the use of multi-modes of mobility in the city by initial focusing on promoting NMT usage as a mode of commuting in the city. Identification of these factors would go a long way in improving cycling uptake as well as inform policy strategies for non-motorized transportation in the city. Using an analytical approach, the authors conducted a survey along pre-known locations were cyclist choose to cycle. One route with newly developed cycling infrastructure and another without cycling infrastructure. A self-reported travel behaviour form, was used for the collection of spatial cognitive and attitudinal data on participants’ travel environment, attitude, behaviour, norm, intention, and habit was utilized to gather data to understand cyclist cognitive reasoning for choosing one path over another. The data collected from the survey was then overlaid with Strava Metro cycling data showing locations were cyclist prefer to cycle in the city. Findings from the analysis suggest perceived safe routes and routes that maximize health benefits are preferred. Based on the findings it is recommended that planners need to use crowd sourced data before developing infrastructure for cycling the city.</p>
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Śmiechowski, Kamil. "Imagining the Urban Poland: Revolution and Reconceptualization of Urban Society in the Kingdom of Poland, 1905‒1914." Praktyka Teoretyczna 39, no. 1 (May 22, 2021): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/prt2021.1.5.
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The aim of this article is to analyze how the concept of mieszczaństwo was redefined in Polish political discourse between 1905 and 1914 in conjunction with concepts of intelligentsia and bourgeoisie. My hypothesis is that before the Great War, in a time of powerful social and political revolutions that took place on the streets of Warsaw, Łódź and other cities, new ways of conceptualizing the urban society emerged. I shall discuss the circumstances that led to the forming of the concept of the Polish mieszczaństwo during the debate about the urban self-government in the Kingdom of Poland after the 1905 Revolution. As the city itself became the subject of political competition, and the right to govern the city became a demand of the Polish public opinion. For National Democratic Party it was an excellent occasion to expand anti-Semitic rhetoric and promote the idea of the Polonization of cities as a long-term goal. However, I argue that this rhetoric would not find public response if the intelligentsia itself would not redefined its attitude to other groups of urban dwellers. The mieszczaństwo, which had no political meaning previously, became the main factor of the imagined modernization of Poland. Despite the price of the ethnic conflict it became obvious that Poland had to be urbanized to be modernized.