Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Citrus Genetics'
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Ashari, Ir Sumeru. "Discrimination between citrus genotypes." Title page, contents and summary only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09aa819.pdf.
Full textSilva, Cristina Lacerda Soares Petrarolha [UNESP]. "Apomixia em citros: expressão diferencial de mRNA e proteínas em plântulas e embriões zigóticos e apomíticos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102846.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A apomixia, ou seja a produção de sementes clonais, possuindo embriões idênticos à planta mãe, é um processo controlado geneticamente. Na apomixia facultativa, ocorrente no gênero Citrus, verifica-se a coexistência da reprodução sexual e apomítica em um mesmo óvulo. Entretanto os eventos genéticos que desencadeiam a produção de embriões apomíticos são atualmente pouco conhecidos. Não se sabe ainda, se os mesmos genes responsáveis pela formação dos embriões zigóticos, também seriam os responsáveis pela formação dos embriões apomíticos, expressando-se entretanto, de forma diferente. Outra possibilidade é a existência de genes particulares responsáveis pelo evento apomítico, mas é improvável que este locus envolva novas e distintas vias metabólicas que incluam novos genes para a formação do saco embrionário e para a embriogênese. Uma possibilidade é que a reprodução apomítica seja uma consequência da expressão de um gene que funciona iniciando uma cascata de ações gênicas em diferentes momentos durante o curso dos eventos sexuais no óvulo. Conhecidamente as proteínas de reserva são codificadas por genes, que se expressam de forma tecido específico, constituindo-se em excelente material para estudos de eventos genéticos. Com o objetivo de detectar particularidades genéticas do processo apomítico em Citrus, estudou-se, a nível de mRNA e proteínas, a expressão diferencial de embriões zigóticos, embriões apomíticos e plântulas zigóticas de espécies de Citrus. A condição apomítica ou zigótica dos embriões e plântulas estudados, foi avaliada empregando-se marcadores moleculares do tipo RAPD e fAFLP. Verificou-se que ambos os tipos de embriões, e de plântulas, expressam um grupo de proteínas diferencialmente. A nível de mRNA detectou-se expressão diferencial tanto para a condição zigótica, quanto para a apomítica...
Apomixis or clonal seed production with mother identical embryos is a process genetically controlled. On the facultative apomixy, that takes place in the genus Citrus it is possible to observe the co-existence of sexual and apomitical reproduction on the same ovulum. However the genetic events that trigger the apomitical embryo production are presently poorly known. It is still not known if the same genes related to the zygotic embryo formation would be the same related to the formation of the apomitic embryos, exhibiting different expression patterns. Another possibility is the existence of a particular set of genes that would be responsible for the apomitic event but, it is rather improbable that such locus would control new and distinct metabolic pathways that include the action of new genes related to the formation of the embryonic sac and other set of genes for the embryogenesis itself. One should also consider that the apomitic reproduction might be a consequence of erratic gene expression of a gene that acts triggering a successive set of genetic activities on different occasions during the course of the ovulum sexual processes. The reserve proteins are coded by genes that express on specific tissues, making up a set of excellent material for genetic studies. Aiming to study such genetic particularities on the Citrus apomitic process, it was carried out a study on the differential expression of mRNA and their corresponding reserve protein using zygotic, apomitic and zygotic plants. The apomitical and zygotic embryonic conditions together with those related to early developed seedlings were evaluated using molecular markers such as RAPD, fAFLP. It was observed that both types of embryos and seedlings express a set of differential proteins... (complete abstract, access undermentioned eletronic adress)
Ellis, Danielle René. "Characterization of a citrus vascular-specific zinc-binding cysteine proteinase inhibitor." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298754.
Full textLee, Suk-wah, and 李淑華. "Fungicide resistance and genetic diversity of Penicillium digitatum inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226255.
Full textMuniz, Fabiana Rezende. "Caracterização molecular e avaliação da resistência ao vírus da tristeza dos citros (CTV) em plantas transgênicas de laranja \'Valência\' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-10022009-094528/.
Full textIn Brazil, citrus is one of the most important cultures. The productivity of this culture in the country is still considered low and this fact is due to several pests and diseases that affect the crop. Among the diseases there is the tristeza, caused by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). This pathogen can also be related with another important disease, the citrus sudden death. Therefore, CTV acquired much more significance. This work aimed to characterize with molecular analysis and to evaluate the resistance to CTV of transgenic Valência plants (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), containing genomic fragments of CTV, in three different transgenic constructs. The plants were confirmed as transgenic by Southern blot. The transcription of the transgene was evaluated by RT-PCR. The transgenic plants were challenged with a weak strain of CTV, CTV-IAC, by bud inoculation with two infected bubbles, and by the infected vector Toxoptera citricida. After four weeks of inoculation, the evaluation of viral replication in the transgenic seious was done by ELISA indirect sandwich with monoclonal antibody against the CTV coat protein. The results indicated variation of the resistance to the translocation of the virus between the different transgenic constructs used and between clones of the same plant. All the inoculated plants indicated the presence of the virus in, at least, one of the three evaluated clones, when inoculated by grafting. When inoculated by the vector some plants had all their clones with low values of virus, indicating a possible resistance to the pathogen.
Silva, Cristina Lacerda Soares Petrarolha. "Apomixia em citros : expressão diferencial de mRNA e proteínas em plântulas e embriões zigóticos e apomíticos /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102846.
Full textBanca: João Martins Pizauro Júnior
Banca: Jesus Aparecido Ferro
Banca: Marcos Antônio Machado
Banca: Mario Sérgio Palma
Resumo: A apomixia, ou seja a produção de sementes clonais, possuindo embriões idênticos à planta mãe, é um processo controlado geneticamente. Na apomixia facultativa, ocorrente no gênero Citrus, verifica-se a coexistência da reprodução sexual e apomítica em um mesmo óvulo. Entretanto os eventos genéticos que desencadeiam a produção de embriões apomíticos são atualmente pouco conhecidos. Não se sabe ainda, se os mesmos genes responsáveis pela formação dos embriões zigóticos, também seriam os responsáveis pela formação dos embriões apomíticos, expressando-se entretanto, de forma diferente. Outra possibilidade é a existência de genes particulares responsáveis pelo evento apomítico, mas é improvável que este locus envolva novas e distintas vias metabólicas que incluam novos genes para a formação do saco embrionário e para a embriogênese. Uma possibilidade é que a reprodução apomítica seja uma consequência da expressão de um gene que funciona iniciando uma cascata de ações gênicas em diferentes momentos durante o curso dos eventos sexuais no óvulo. Conhecidamente as proteínas de reserva são codificadas por genes, que se expressam de forma tecido específico, constituindo-se em excelente material para estudos de eventos genéticos. Com o objetivo de detectar particularidades genéticas do processo apomítico em Citrus, estudou-se, a nível de mRNA e proteínas, a expressão diferencial de embriões zigóticos, embriões apomíticos e plântulas zigóticas de espécies de Citrus. A condição apomítica ou zigótica dos embriões e plântulas estudados, foi avaliada empregando-se marcadores moleculares do tipo RAPD e fAFLP. Verificou-se que ambos os tipos de embriões, e de plântulas, expressam um grupo de proteínas diferencialmente. A nível de mRNA detectou-se expressão diferencial tanto para a condição zigótica, quanto para a apomítica... (resumo completo, clicar no acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Apomixis or clonal seed production with mother identical embryos is a process genetically controlled. On the facultative apomixy, that takes place in the genus Citrus it is possible to observe the co-existence of sexual and apomitical reproduction on the same ovulum. However the genetic events that trigger the apomitical embryo production are presently poorly known. It is still not known if the same genes related to the zygotic embryo formation would be the same related to the formation of the apomitic embryos, exhibiting different expression patterns. Another possibility is the existence of a particular set of genes that would be responsible for the apomitic event but, it is rather improbable that such locus would control new and distinct metabolic pathways that include the action of new genes related to the formation of the embryonic sac and other set of genes for the embryogenesis itself. One should also consider that the apomitic reproduction might be a consequence of erratic gene expression of a gene that acts triggering a successive set of genetic activities on different occasions during the course of the ovulum sexual processes. The reserve proteins are coded by genes that express on specific tissues, making up a set of excellent material for genetic studies. Aiming to study such genetic particularities on the Citrus apomitic process, it was carried out a study on the differential expression of mRNA and their corresponding reserve protein using zygotic, apomitic and zygotic plants. The apomitical and zygotic embryonic conditions together with those related to early developed seedlings were evaluated using molecular markers such as RAPD, fAFLP. It was observed that both types of embryos and seedlings express a set of differential proteins... (complete abstract, access undermentioned eletronic adress)
Doutor
Soriano, Leonardo. "Organogênese in vitro e transformação genética de variedades de tangerina (Citrus reticulata Blanco e Citrus clementina hort. ex Tan.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-19052015-142119/.
Full textCurrently, Huanglongbing (HLB), associated to Candidatus Liberibacter spp., is the main threat to the citrus culture. The conventional plant breeding shows limitations to the obtain new varieties of rootstock and scion, due to factors related to the biology of the genus. In attempt to overcome these barriers, genetic engineering is notable for allowing the introduction of foreign genes, which, besides reducing the time to obtain genetically improved material may confer disease resistance in varieties of agronomic interest. Thus, the objective of the research was the study of in vitro organogenesis, and obtain transgenic plants of \'Fremont\', \'Thomas\' and \'Nules\' mandarins via Agrobacterium tumefaciens with the gene encoding the antibacterial peptide attacin A (attA), controlled by the promoters AtSUC2 and AtPP2, aiming to preferential gene expression in phloem. In addition, the genetic transformation of cell suspensions, via A. tumefaciens, of \'W-Murcott\' mandarin, \'Hamlin\' sweet orange and \'Page\' tangelo and the direct genetic transformation, via PEG, of \'W-Murcott\' mandarin protoplasts were evaluated with VvmybA1 and Ruby transcription factors driven by 6105 and DC3 promoters, with preferential expression in embryonic tissues. The in vitro organogenesis of the varieties studied was influenced by the type of explant and BAP concentration. After genetic transformation experiments of epicotyl and internodal segments of \'Fremont\', \'Thomas\' and \'Nules mandarins, regenerated plants were analyzed by PCR, Southern blot and RT-qPCR and confirmed as transgenic by presence and transcription of attA gene. The genetic transformation of cell suspensions was efficient with high anthocyanin production in the somatic embryos regenerated of \'W-Murcott\' mandarin, \'Hamlin\' sweet orange and \'Page\' tangelo. The direct genetic transformation of \'W-Murcott\' mandarin protoplasts revealed to be viable and it was also possible to obtain transgenic somatic embryos. The VvmybA1 and Ruby transcription factors were useful tools for visual detection of transgenic material
Francisco, Carolina Sardinha [UNESP]. "Estrutura de populações e inoculações recíprocas de Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca com ocorrência em cultivos vizinhos de Citrus sinensis e Coffea arabica sob condições do estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115645.
Full textA pouco mais de uma década a bactéria Xylella fastidiosa passou de um organismo pouco conhecido a uns dos mais conhecidos, ao menos em termos de genômica. No Brasil esta bactéria afeta culturas de importância econômica como citros, causando a clorose variegada dos citros (CVC) e café, na qual causa a requeima da folha do cafeeiro (RFC), também conhecida como atrofia do ramo do cafeeiro (ARC). Em laranjeiras a bactéria acarreta os maiores danos econômicos, na ordem de 100 milhões de dólares anuais. Em relação às plantas de café, estudos demonstraram que a cada 1% de aumento na severidade da doença há perdas de rendimento de 1,22 a 1,34 sacos de 60kg por hectare. Ambas as culturas são afetadas pela Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca e transmitida pelos mesmo vetores, porém ainda são incertas as informações se o isolado que causa a CVC pode colonizar cafeeiros e causar doença e vice-versa. Além do mais, em contraste com os diversos estudos já realizados sobre populações de X. fastidiosa infectando laranjeiras, não se tinha informações sobre a diversidade genética e estrutura populacional deste patógeno quando infectando cafeeiros. Um total de 618 estirpes de X. fastidiosa foi isolado de laranjeiras e cafeeiros de quatro regiões geográficas distintas do estado de São Paulo. Esses isolados foram genotipados através de 14 marcadores microssatélites. A alta diversidade genotípica e genética, os altos índices de clonalidade, o forte desequilíbrio gamético e o elevado grau de subdivisão populacional encontrados nas populações de X. fastidiosa amostradas de cafeeiros são consistentes com predominância de um modo de reprodução clonal. Os níveis de subdivisão observados poderiam ser explicados pela migração histórica assimétrica encontrada entre as populações, indicando as populações da região Noroeste e Central como as prováveis fundadoras. Também realizamos ensaios de inoculações recíprocas ...
A little over a decade the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa has gone from a little-known body to the most popular ones, at least in terms of genomics. In Brazil this bacterium affects economically important crops such as citrus, which causes citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and coffee, causing coffee leaf scorch (CLS), also known as coffee stem atrophy (CSA). In orange this bacteria causes major economic losses in the order of 100 million dollars annually. Regarding the coffee plants, studies have shown that every 1% increase in the severity of disease cause loss of 1.22 to 1.34 bags of 60kg per hectare. Both cultures are affected by subsp. pauca of X. fastidiosa and are transmitted by the same vectors, but informations are still uncertain if isolated causing CVC can colonize and cause disease in coffee plants and vice versa. Moreover, in contrast of many previous work on study about population of X. fastidiosa infecting orange, we had no information about genetic diversity and population structure of this pathogen infecting coffee plants. Thus a total of 618 strains of X. fastidiosa was isolated from orange and coffee in four distinct geographic regions (Central, Northwestern, Center-western and Eastern) of the São Paulo State. These isolates were typed by fourteen microsatellite markers. The high genotypic and genetic diversity, high levels of clonality, strong gametic disequilibrium, and the population subdivision found in X. fastidiosa population are consistent with the predominance of mode of clonal reproduction. The subdivision levels observed could be explained by the asymmetric historical migration between populations, indicating the populations of Central and Northwestern region as the probable founders. We also performed tests of reciprocal inoculations among isolates from orange and coffee plants under controlled conditions. The 99 isolates from orange and 127 isolates from coffee through Bayesian analysis, were grouped on ...
Francisco, Carolina Sardinha. "Estrutura de populações e inoculações recíprocas de Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca com ocorrência em cultivos vizinhos de Citrus sinensis e Coffea arabica sob condições do estado de São Paulo /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115645.
Full textCoorientador: Helvécio Della Coletta Filho
Banca: Vitor Fernandes Oliveira de Miranda
Banca: Eduardo Seite Gomide Mizubuti
Resumo: A pouco mais de uma década a bactéria Xylella fastidiosa passou de um organismo pouco conhecido a uns dos mais conhecidos, ao menos em termos de genômica. No Brasil esta bactéria afeta culturas de importância econômica como citros, causando a clorose variegada dos citros (CVC) e café, na qual causa a requeima da folha do cafeeiro (RFC), também conhecida como atrofia do ramo do cafeeiro (ARC). Em laranjeiras a bactéria acarreta os maiores danos econômicos, na ordem de 100 milhões de dólares anuais. Em relação às plantas de café, estudos demonstraram que a cada 1% de aumento na severidade da doença há perdas de rendimento de 1,22 a 1,34 sacos de 60kg por hectare. Ambas as culturas são afetadas pela Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca e transmitida pelos mesmo vetores, porém ainda são incertas as informações se o isolado que causa a CVC pode colonizar cafeeiros e causar doença e vice-versa. Além do mais, em contraste com os diversos estudos já realizados sobre populações de X. fastidiosa infectando laranjeiras, não se tinha informações sobre a diversidade genética e estrutura populacional deste patógeno quando infectando cafeeiros. Um total de 618 estirpes de X. fastidiosa foi isolado de laranjeiras e cafeeiros de quatro regiões geográficas distintas do estado de São Paulo. Esses isolados foram genotipados através de 14 marcadores microssatélites. A alta diversidade genotípica e genética, os altos índices de clonalidade, o forte desequilíbrio gamético e o elevado grau de subdivisão populacional encontrados nas populações de X. fastidiosa amostradas de cafeeiros são consistentes com predominância de um modo de reprodução clonal. Os níveis de subdivisão observados poderiam ser explicados pela migração histórica assimétrica encontrada entre as populações, indicando as populações da região Noroeste e Central como as prováveis fundadoras. Também realizamos ensaios de inoculações recíprocas ...
Abstract: A little over a decade the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa has gone from a little-known body to the most popular ones, at least in terms of genomics. In Brazil this bacterium affects economically important crops such as citrus, which causes citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and coffee, causing coffee leaf scorch (CLS), also known as coffee stem atrophy (CSA). In orange this bacteria causes major economic losses in the order of 100 million dollars annually. Regarding the coffee plants, studies have shown that every 1% increase in the severity of disease cause loss of 1.22 to 1.34 bags of 60kg per hectare. Both cultures are affected by subsp. pauca of X. fastidiosa and are transmitted by the same vectors, but informations are still uncertain if isolated causing CVC can colonize and cause disease in coffee plants and vice versa. Moreover, in contrast of many previous work on study about population of X. fastidiosa infecting orange, we had no information about genetic diversity and population structure of this pathogen infecting coffee plants. Thus a total of 618 strains of X. fastidiosa was isolated from orange and coffee in four distinct geographic regions (Central, Northwestern, Center-western and Eastern) of the São Paulo State. These isolates were typed by fourteen microsatellite markers. The high genotypic and genetic diversity, high levels of clonality, strong gametic disequilibrium, and the population subdivision found in X. fastidiosa population are consistent with the predominance of mode of clonal reproduction. The subdivision levels observed could be explained by the asymmetric historical migration between populations, indicating the populations of Central and Northwestern region as the probable founders. We also performed tests of reciprocal inoculations among isolates from orange and coffee plants under controlled conditions. The 99 isolates from orange and 127 isolates from coffee through Bayesian analysis, were grouped on ...
Mestre
Mallampalli, Venkata K. P. S. "Expression and Biochemical Function of Putative Flavonoid GT Clones from Grapefruit and Identification of New Clones using the harvEST Database." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1788.
Full textSouza, Leonardo Cesar de Almeida. "Produção e caracterização de mutantes do operon gum de Xylella fastidiosa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-08042003-162052/.
Full textXylella fastidiosa is a fastidious, xylem restricted, gram.negative bacteria, that causes several economically important diseases as Pierce's disease of grapevine in USA and the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) in Brasil. CVC affects severely the São Paulo State citriculture jeopardizing thousands of jobs and millions of dollars of incomes. The genome sequence of X. fastidiosa has revealed several genes possibly involved in the pathogenicity mechanisms of this bacterium, among them, an operon containing nine genes possibly involved in the synthesis of an exopolisaccharide named fastidian gum. This gum is possibly involved in the bacterial biofilm maintenance that causes the xylem occlusion leading to CVC symptoms development. To study this operon, named gum operon, vectors were constructed to inactivate the gumB, gumD and gumF genes by two strategies, insertion.duplication mutagenesis and allelic exchange mutagenesis. The insertion.duplication mutagenesis involves the integration a whole plasmid containing a truncated copy of the target gene by homologous recombination with one crossing over. The allelic exchange mutagenesis involves homologous recombination with two crossing overs that substitutes the wild.type copy of the target gene by a truncated copy interrupted by a selectable marker gene. No gum mutant was obtained using the allelic exchange strategy; however gumB and gumF mutants were obtained by insertion-duplication mutagenesis strategy. GumD mutant was not obtained, suggesting that the mutation in this gene is lethal to the cell. Analysis of cells and colonies of these mutants growing in solid media and in suspension hasn't reveal any morphological difference to the wild.type strain. The disruption of the gumB and gumF genes does not influenced the adhesion capacity of X. fastidiosa to the glass, used as a substrate. Using the reporter gene CAT, wich codes for cloramphenicol acetil transferase enzime confering resistance to cloramphenicol, we verified that glucose has no influence in the expression of this operon at the transcription level. Using this reporter gene, we also identified a transcribed region directed by a non characterized promoter, localized in the antisense strand of the gum operon. A comparison between the soluble protein profile of the mutants and the wild.type strain, obtained by liquid chromatography, showed significative differences, indicating a pleiotropic effect of these mutations. The study of the function of the gumB and gumF genes in the pathogenicity of X. fastidiosa was not concluded because we verified recently that the strainm, used to generate the mutants, do not colonize the plants efficiently to induce symptoms in citrus and tobacco plants after mechanical inoculation.
Rodrigues, Maria Beatriz Calderan. "Transformação genética e patogenicidade de Guignardia citricarpa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-17092010-190127/.
Full textBrazil is the world leader in the international trade of frozen orange juice concentrate, taking part with around 82% of the traded volume. Guignardia citricarpa (anamorph Phyllosticta citricarpa) is a fungal pathogen of citrus plants, being described as the causal agent of citrus black spot (CBS), one of the most important fungal diseases of citrus worldwide. Its symptoms are black lesions on fruit, making them unsuitable for the international fresh market, since they are included in the quarantine list of the European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Moreover, when the disease is severe it may cause extensive premature fruit drop that reduces yields of fruit for processing. Taking this into consideration, the current work aimed to improve the understanding on the pathogenic mechanisms of this fungus. Firstly, in an attempt to elucidate this phenomenon, it was performed a search for pathogenicity genes previously reported to some pathogenic fungi and confirmed to participate in the process of infection in many plants , especially endopolygalacturonase. Primers were designed using the conserved regions of the genes and allowed the identification of the Guignardia spp. endopolygalacturonase gene for the first time. This enzyme has been described as playing important role in the process of fungal diseases in plants. In the present work, enzymatic analysis showed that the pathogen G. citricarpa produced significantly greater amounts of endopolygalacturonase when compared to G. mangiferae, a closely related fungus described as a citrus endophyte. This result suggests that this enzyme may participate in the process of pathogenicity, characteristic of the pathogenic species. Genetic transformation methods have been used to prove the involvement of genes in pathogenic mechanisms, however, a suitable methodology for G. citricarpa has not been described yet. In this way, this study describes for the first time a methodology for genetic transformation of G. citricarpa via mycelia and the successful generation of transformants expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and resistant to the hygromycin B antibiotic. Mycelia of the fungus were genetically transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens hosting the plasmid pFAT-gfp, which carries the genes for resistance to hygromycin B (hph) and for GFP (gfp). The protocol was optimized through different test conditions (type of membrane, concentration of the inducing agent acetosyringone and duration of the co-cultivation period). The higher transformation efficiencies were observed using cellulose ester membrane, 200 PM of acetosyringone and 96 hours of cocultivation. The transformants showed high mitotic stability (82%) and the insertion of the T-DNA was confirmed by PCR and GFP expression through epifluorescence microscopy observation. Moreover, it was observed the development of the fungus in inoculated oranges, showing the plant-pathogen interaction observed by epifluorescense microscopy. The establishment of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for G. citricarpa represents an important step on the search for unveiling important genes of this fungus, such as those involved in the pathogenic mechanisms.
García, Lor Andrés. "Organización de la diversidad genética de los cítricos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/31518.
Full textGarcía Lor, A. (2013). Organización de la diversidad genética de los cítricos [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31518
TESIS
Simões, Thiago Sena. "Resposta de plantas transgenicas de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) a infecção por Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri e Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317080.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Huanglongbing (HLB), também conhecido como greening é uma das mais importantes doenças dos citros no mundo e é causada pela bactéria Candidatus Liberibacter spp. Esta doença é originária da China e da África, onde estão presentes as variantes Ca. L. asiaticus e Ca. L. africanus, respectivamente. Em 2004, a doença foi encontrada no Brasil onde foi identificada a forma asiática e também uma nova variante denominada Ca. L. americanus. A bactéria Ca.Liberibacter vive e se desenvolve no floema da planta hospedeira, causando amarelecimento do ramo infectado, deformação e queda do fruto. Até o momento não foi possível o cultivo em meio de cultura de Ca. Liberibacter e muito pouco é conhecido sobre sua biologia. Outra doença importante para a cultura, o cancro cítrico, também é originária do continente asiático, e causa grandes perdas de produção devido à desfolha da planta e a queda precoce de frutos. Seu agente causal, a bactériaXanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri provoca lesões necróticas em folhas, ramos e frutos. Não existem variedades resistentes ao HLB ou ao cancro cítrico, o que torna necessários estudos buscando fontes alternativas de resistência às doenças. Uma das possibilidades para se obter resistência é o uso de plantas geneticamente modificadas com genes que expressam peptídeos antimicrobianos ou que atuem no mecanismo de ativação da resposta das plantas às doenças. Os genes atacinaA e Xa21 já foram empregados em construções genéticas para variedades de laranjas doces, sendo que ambos apresentaram resistência a patógenos bacterianos em outras culturas, e diminuição no número de lesões causadas pelo patógeno X axonopodis em: I plantas transgênicas de laranja doce. Outro gene interessante, o Nprl, é um regulador que atua 0(1, indução de respostas de defesa da planta contra patógenos. Em outras culturas, a superexpressão de Npr 1 culturas promoveu aumento da resistência a fungos e bactérias. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta de plantas de laranjas geneticamente modificadas com estes três genes, quando infectadas com Ca. Liberibacter, e a resposta das plantas contendo o gene AtNpr 1 quando inoculadas com X axonopodis. O monitoramento da resposta à inoculação com Ca. Liberibacter foi realizado através da avaliação da presença de sintomas de HLB, e pela quantificação da bactéria nos tecidos do floema por meio de qPCR, utilizando-se a região ribossomal 16S bacteriana, previamente caracterizada. Já as plantas inoculadas com a bactéria causadora do cancro cítrico foram analisadas através da expressão de PR-proteínas, da quantificação do desenvolvimento da população bacteriana por meio de curva de crescimento, e pela análise visual de sintomas. A bactéria Ca. Liberibacter foi capaz de se multiplicar em todos os eventos de transformação analisados, porém quatro deles (transformados com o gene AtNprl) não manifestaram sintoma da doença. Duas plantas desta construção também apresentaram redução no número e tamanho das lesões causadas por X axonopodis, indicando uma possível tolerância desta planta à bactéria.
Abstract: Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as greening, is the world most important citrus disease and it is caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter spp. This disease was originated from China and Africa, where were discovered the variants Ca. L. asiaticus and Ca. L. africanus, respectively. In 2004, the disease was detected in Brazil, where the variants asiaticus and a new one called americanus were identified. The Ca. Liberibacter bacteria inhabit phloem vessels of host plants, causing yellowing of infected branches, and fruits abscission. At the moment, it was not possible to cultivate Ca. Liberibacter, and very little is known about its biology. Another important disease of citrus, the citrus canker, is also originated from Asian continent and causes huge damages to citrus production because of leaf drop and prematurely falI of fruits. Its causal agent, the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causes necrotic lesions in leaves, branches and fruits. There is no varietal resistance to HLB ar citrus canker, and it is necessary to develop studies in order to achieve altemative resistance sources to these diseases. One possibility to obtain resistance is the use of genetically modified plants expressing antimicrobial peptides genes, or expressing genes that act in theplant defense response machinery. The genes attacinA and Xa21 were used in genetic constructions for sweet orange varieties, and both showed resistarice to bacterial pathogens in other crops, with small number of lesions caused by X axonopodis in transgenic sweet orange plants. Another interesting gene, the Nprl, is a regulator that acts in the induction of plant defense response against pathogens. 1n other crops, the Npr 1 super-expression caused high leveI of resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens. The goal ofthe present study was to evaluate the response of genetically modified sweet orange plants with these three genes, after infection of Ca. Liberibacter, and the response of plants containing the AtNprl gene, after X axonopodis inoculation. The response to Ca. Liberibacter infection was analyzed by the evaluation of HLB symptoms and by the quantification of phloem-associated bacteria by qPCR based on a previously characterized Ca. Liberibacter 168 ribosomal region. PIants inoculated with the causal agent of citrus canker were analyzed by RT-PCR to detect the expression of PR-proteins. The quantification of bacterial population was deveIoped using a growth curve and by visual analysis of symptoms. The bacterium Ca. Liberibacter grown in alI the transformation events analyzed, however four of them (transformed with the AtNprl gene) did not develop disease symptoms. Also, two. plants of this construction showed reduction in the number and size of lesions caused by X axonopodis, indicating a possible induction of plant tolerance to citrus canker.
Mestrado
Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
Murata, Mayara Mari [UNESP]. "Transcriptoma da interação de tangerina satsuma (Citrus unshiu) e laranja doce Hamlin (Citrus sinensis) infectadas com Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, agente causal do cancro cítrico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121842.
Full textO cancro cítrico, causado pela bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), é uma das principais doenças que acometem a citricultura mundial e ataca uma ampla gama de espécies comerciais de citros, causando perdas significativas nos países produtores. A espécie de laranja doce Hamlin (Citrus sinensis) é suscetível ao cancro cítrico, enquanto a espécie de tangerina Satsuma (Citrus unshiu) é resistente. Para compreender os mecanismos moleculares relacionados aos sistemas de defesa ativados pela planta é importante identificar as alterações transcricionais de cada espécie vegetal sob estresse fitopatogênico, a fim de desvendar os elementos moleculares que são específicos de cada espécie. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma análise comparativa temporal do transcriptoma de duas espécies cítricas contrastantes em resposta à Xac, pela técnica do RNA-Seq (Illumina). Um total de 5.673 e 6.231 transcritos diferencialmente expressos foi induzido nos tempos 24, 48 e 72 horas após a inoculação de Xac em Satsuma e Hamlin, respectivamente, enquanto 3.982 e 7.944 transcritos foram reprimidos. Deste total, 52 transcritos foram induzidos em comum, nas duas espécies, em todos os tempos de inoculação. Estes genes estão relacionados com a defesa basal da planta contra o ataque de Xac, pois apresentam genes que participam na percepção e reconhecimento do patógeno, genes que codificam fatores de transcrição e genes que participam na defesa da planta, como glucanases e proteinases. Entre os genes induzidos exclusivamente na espécie resistente Satsuma destacou-se uma proteinase aspártica. Esta proteína apresentou a maior expressão gênica no tempo 24 horas e pode estar envolvida na resistência desta espécie, visto que na espécie suscetível Hamlin, a expressão desta proteína foi menos expressiva e tardia, no tempo 48 horas. Outra resposta oposta entre as espécie foi na expressão de genes relacionados à ...
Citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), is a one of the most important disease affecting citrus production worldwide and attacks a wide range of commercial species of citrus trees, causing significant losses in producing countries. Hamlin sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is canker-sensitive, while Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) is canker-resistant. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in responses to Xac, transcriptional profiles of these two genotypes following Xac attack were compared by RNA-Seq (Illumina). The purpose of this study was to examine simultaneous changes in gene expression profile during the early stages (24, 48 and 72 hpi) of citrus canker infection in Satsuma and Hamlin. A total of 5673 and 6231 up-regulated transcripts were identified at 24, 48 and 72 hpi in Satsuma and Hamlin, respectively, while 3982 and 7944 were down-regulated. Of these, 52 transcripts were up-regulated in common between both genotypes. These genes in common are related to basic defense against Xac, because there are genes involved in patogen perception and recognition, transcription factors and genes related to plant defense, such as glucanases and proteinases. Among up-regulated genes expressed only in Satsuma, aspartic proteinase was highlighted. This protein presented the highest gene expression 24 hpi and it can be involved in Satsuma resistance, since the expression of this protein was less pronounced and delayed in Hamlin. Another opposite response between these two genotypes was the expression of genes related to cell wall. Such genes were pectato lyase, extensin, cellulose sinthase, and xiloglucano endotransglycosilase. The genes were up-regulated in Satsuma, while in Hamlin, they were down-regulated. For genes related to plant defense, both genotypes up- regulated pathogenesis-related proteins, especially 72 hpi. However, the expression of these genes did not prevent the symptoms in ...
Rodrigues, Carolina Munari [UNESP]. "Expressão diferencial de genes em laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) em tangerina (Citrus reticulata blanco) em resposta à infecção por Xylella fastidiosa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102702.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A citricultura brasileira responde por 85% das exportações de suco concentrado do mundo, mesmo enfrentando graves problemas de ordem fitossanitária. Dentre as doenças que mais afetam sua produtividade encontra-se a clorose variegada do citros (CVC), causada pela Xylella fastidiosa. Cultivares dentro das espécies de Citrus apresentam respostas diferentes em relação à susceptibilidade à CVC. Enquanto cultivares de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) são bastante suscetíveis, as tangerinas (Citrus reticulata Blanco) por sua vez são consideradas tolerantes. Resultados prévios do nosso grupo sugerem que a resistência deve estar efetivamente envolvida com a ativação de vias de sinalização, não sendo somente consequência de menor bloqueio dos vasos do xilema. Portanto, a hipótese desse trabalho é que a resistência da tangerina Poncan e a suscetibilidade de laranja doce à CVC pode ser comparada através da avaliação da expressão diferencial de genes durante o processo de infecção. Desse modo, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a expressão de genes dessas duas espécies submetidas à infecção pela bactéria. Para tanto plantas de laranja Pera e tangerina Poncan foram desafiadas com X. fastidiosa e as coletas das folhas infectadas e seus respectivos controles feitas em diferentes tempos (1, 7, 14 e 21 dias). Esse material foi utilizado para extração de DNA total que foi usado na confirmação, por RT-qPCR, da presença da bactéria. Após essa verificação, o RNA foi extraído em pools para a construção das bibliotecas subtrativas supressivas (SSHs). Foram feitas seis bibliotecas, porém, não foram obtidas sequencias de qualidade. Em função do baixo rendimento das SSHs, optou-se por proceder as análises com RNA-seq utilizando tecidos xilemáticos de tangerina Poncan, com um dia após...
The Brazilian citrus industry accounts for 85% of exports of concentrated juice in the world despite facing serious plant health problems. Among the main diseases that affect its productivity is the citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), caused by Xylella fastidiosa. Citrus species present different responses in relation to susceptibility to CVC. While sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) is very susceptible, mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is considered tolerant. Previous results from our group suggest that this tolerance observed in mandarin effectively involves activation of signaling pathways and is not only consequence of limited blockage of the xylem vessels. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is that the tolerance of Ponkan mandarin and susceptibility of sweet orange to CVC can be compared evaluating the differential expression of genes during the infection process, being that the objective of this study. For that, Ponkan mandarin and sweet orange plants were challenged with X. fastidiosa. Infected/non-infected leaves were collected at different times (1, 7, 14, and 21 days). This material was used for extraction of total DNA, which was used for confirming the presence of bacteria by RT-qPCR. After this verification, the RNA was extracted in pools for the construction of suppressive subtractive libraries (SSHs). Six libraries were prepared, but good quality sequences were not obtained. Due to the low efficiency of SSHs, it was decided to proceed with RNA-seq analysis using xylem tissues of mandarin Ponkan, one day after infection with X. fastidiosa. In this analysis it was obtained 35,344,265 transcripts for the non-infected library and 37,326,339 for the infected one. These transcripts were mapped in the whole reference genome of Citrus clementine by using TopHat software. The contigs generated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Silva, Tatiane Loureiro da. "Transformação genética de laranja doce com uma construção gênica do tipo hairpin de um fragmento do gene da V-ATPase-A de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-05022014-090736/.
Full textBrazil is the largest sweet orange producer in the world. However, this crop faces major problems due to the attack of pests and diseases that reduce its productivity. Among the diseases, stands out the huanglongbing (HLB), disease associated with three different species of the Candidatus Liberibacter bacteria. In Brazil, the psyllid Diaphorina citri is the insect vector of HLB. The absence of resistant sweet orange cultivars to HLB makes the genetic transformation of plants a potential methodology to control this disease. Sweet orange transgenic plants engineered to express double strand RNA (dsRNA) of an essential gene for D. citri survival could result in insect control by RNA interference. This mechanism results in degradation of homologous RNAm to dsRNA. The aim of this work was to produce transgenic sweet orange plants expressing a fragment of D. citri DcV-ATPase-A gene, in a hairpin construction aiming gene silencing by RNA interference in D. citri, when fed on sweet orange transgenic plants. The work started developing a gene construct containing an inverted and repeated sequence of DcV-ATPase-A gene, to form a hairpin. Epicotyl segments collected from in vitro germinated seedlings of \'Hamlin\', \'Pêra\' and \'Valência\' sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) were used as explants for the genetic transformation experiments via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. At the same time, adults of D. citri underwent artificial diet experiments containing dsRNA or siRNA of DcV-ATPase-A. At the end of feeding time, the survival of insects and the relative expression of DcV-ATPase-A RNAm were evaluated. Through PCR and Southern blot analysis, 26 \'Hamlin\' and 39 \'Valência\' sweet orange transgenic lines were confirmed. None of the regenerated \'Pêra\' plants were transgenic. The transgenic plants had 1 to 4 T-DNA insertions. The siRNA products were observed in 10 \'Valência\' plants, through siRNA blot. The artificial diets containing dsRNA or siRNA of DcV-ATPase-A resulted in no differences in the number of live insects and in the relative expression of DcV-ATPase-A RNAm in adult insects.
Schinor, Evandro Henrique. "Organogênese in vitro e transformação genética em Citrus sp. com o gene da capa protéica e uma seqüência conservada antisense do vírus da tristeza dos citros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-22112006-143915/.
Full textThe objective of the present work was to obtain transgenic plants of rootstocks Rangpur lime and sour orange as well as sweet orange scion varieties, expressing genes that would possibly influence the levels of resistance to the Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and Citrus sudden death disease. The in vitro organogenesis of Citrus species was also studied. In vitro organogenesis experiments were conducted with epicotyl segments obtained from in vitro germinated seedlings of different Citrus species in order to evaluate: organogenic response of three epicotyl regions, in the presence (1,0 mg.L-1) or absence of BAP, in MT medium, and the regeneration using different BAP concentrations (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mg.L-1) added to MT medium. The regeneration of internodal segments of Rangpur lime and sour orange was evaluated in MT medium with different BAP concentrations (0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 mg.L-1) as well as sour orange regeneration in MT and DBA3 mediums, supplemented with different concentrations of BAP (0; 1,0 e 2,0 mg.L-1) and NAA (0; 0,3 e 0,5 mg.L-1). The Agrobacterium tumefaciens Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated genetic transformation method of juvenile tissue obtained from in vitro (epicotyls) or green house cultivated plants (internodal segments) was used in this work. The EHA 105 strain was used with the following plasmids: a) pCTV-CP: containing the coat protein gene from CTV; b) pCTV-dsCP: containing inverted repeats of the coat protein gene from CTV interconnected by the Citrus quitinase gene intron; c) pCTVcons: containing an antisense sequence of CTV untranslated region. The gene constructs were built from the pCAMBIA 2201 plasmid, and contained the 35S promoter and the NOS terminator. The nptII selection gene and the GUS reporter gene were also used. The adventitious buds developed were identified as transgenic by GUS histochemical test and PCR, these results were later confirmed by Southern Blot. The transgenic coat protein expression was detected by the serological test PTA-ELISA. The morphogenic response related to the epicotyl region and BAP cytokinin were dependent on the Citrus varieties. The addition of BAP cytokinin to the culture medium showed a greater number of adventitious buds regenerated per explant in both epicotyl and internodal segments of the Citrus varieties studied. The addition of BAP to the culture medium is essential for the regeneration of adventitious buds in sour orange internodal segments. Using the Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation protocol it was possible to regenerate transgenic plants of different varieties and gene constructs: Rangpur lime containing the coat protein gene of CTV (pCTV-CP) using epicotyl and internodal segments as explant source, and an antisense sequence of CTV untranslated region using internodal segments as explant source; Hamlin sweet orange containing the coat protein gene of CTV in constructions pCTV-CP and pCTV-dsCP, and an antisense sequence of CTV untranslated region using epicotyl segments as explant source.
Martins, Thaísa Zanetoni. "Mutagênese sítio-dirigida da ORF XAC0024 de Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri e suas implicações no desenvolvimento do cancro cítrico /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138238.
Full textCoorientador: Helen Alves Penha
Banca: Fabrício José Jaciani
Banca: Flávia Maria de Souza Carvalho
Resumo: O cancro cítrico tem como agente causal a bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), que afeta diferentes espécies de citros economicamente importantes. É uma doença ainda sem método curativo, e pela sua relevância e dano econômico, faz-se necessário o entendimento em termos moleculares da interação Xac-citros para o desenvolvimento de estratégias que controlem a doença. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar os efeitos da deleção da ORF XAC0024 presente no genoma da Xac isolado 306, que codifica uma proteína hipotética conservada e que apresenta vários domínios putativos, entre eles o domínio peptidase M23. A hipótese é que esta proteína pode estar envolvida com a patogenicidade e/ou virulência da bactéria. Para obter o mutante ΔXAC0024 foi utilizada a técnica de mutagênese sítio-dirigida, seguida de recombinação homóloga com o vetor suicida pOK1. O mutante ΔXAC0024 foi analisado em relação às características de patogenicidade, crescimento in vivo e in vitro, capacidade de autoagregação, produção de biofilme e produção de goma xantana. O teste de patogenicidade e a curva de crescimento in vivo foram realizados em limão cravo utilizando o método de infiltração por seringa para a inoculação da bactéria. Os sintomas do desenvolvimento da doença foram registrados por fotografia digital até o 25º dia após a inoculação (dai) e a curva de crescimento in vivo também foi determinada até o 25º dai. A curva de crescimento in vitro e a agregação célula-a-célula foram analisa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The bacteria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) is the causal agent of citrus canker, a disease that affects different species of economically important citrus. There is no a curative method for this disease, and do to its relevance and economic damage, it is necessary to understand at molecular level the Xac-citrus interaction in order to develop strategies to control the disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the deletion of the ORF XAC0024 present in the genome of Xac strain 306, which encodes a conserved hypothetical protein and has several putative domains, including peptidase M23 domain. It is hypothesized that this protein may be involved in the pathogenicity and / or virulence of the bacterium. For the ΔXAC0024 mutant was used for site-directed mutagenesis technique, followed by homologous recombination with the suicide vector pOK1. The ΔXAC0024 mutant was analyzed in relation to pathogenicity characteristics, growth in vivo and in vitro, self-aggregation capacity, biofilm production and production of xanthan gum. The pathogenicity test and in vivo growth curves were performed on Rangpur lime using syringe-infiltration method for the inoculation of bacteria. Symptoms of the disease development were recorded by digital photography to the 25° day after inoculation (dai) and in vivo growth curve was also determined to give the 25°. The growth curve in vitro and cell-to-cell aggregation were analyzed in liquid culture medium NB. Biofilm p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Souza, Amancio José de. "Reação à infecção pelo vírus da tristeza dos citros (CTV) em plantas transgênicas de laranja \'Hamlin\' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) expressando seqüências gênicas do CTV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-25072008-123421/.
Full textThe Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is one of the greatest threats to the citrus industry worldwide. In Brazil, CTV continues to cause damage through strong strains despite the use of techniques like cross-protection and substitution of intolerant rootstocks. With the appearance and spread of the Citrus Sudden Death disease in 1999 and its possible relation to CTV, this virus was again among important pathogens within the Brazilian citrus industry. One of the possible solutions for controlling virus diseases in fruit crops is the development of immune or resistant transgenic plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the resistance to CTV of transgenic \'Hamlin\' sweet orange plants containing three transgenic constructs obtained from CTV genomic sequences. The genetic constructs used aimed to activate RNAi defense routes (coat protein hairpin and a conserved sequence from CTV) and resistance mechanisms related to the coat protein expression. The transgenic plants were challenged with a weak strain of CTV, CTV-IAC, by bud and aphid (Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy) inoculation. The evaluation of viral replication was done by ELISA analysis. The transgenic plants were considered susceptible to viral replication and translocation when bud inoculated. However, a few plants showed retardation of infection. It was not possible to determine resistance in the aphid transmission assay since the controls were not uniformly inoculated.
Azevedo, Fernando Alves de. "Transformação genética de citros com os genes bacteriopsina (bO), cecropina e gus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-15072005-163530/.
Full textApplication of modern biotechnology techniques, as genetic transformation, has helped breeding programs of perennial plant species. This technique is already successfully used in citrus in several countries, mostly to the production of more disease-tolerant plants. Present work had three objectives as it follows: 1. genetic transformation of Rangpur lime rootstock with the bacterio-opsin(bO) gene, related to the activation of plant defense mechanisms such as programmed cell death and salicylic acid production, towards the increase of the tolerance to Phytophthora gummosis; 2. genetic transformation of main sweet orange scion varieties (Hamlin, Valência, Natal and Pêra) with cecropin gene. This gene products present antibacterial activity, becoming a possible source for citrus canker and variegated chlorosis tolerance and. 3. to test the viability of the use of a xylem-specific promoter (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) in citrus. Transformations were performed by direct system via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, using juvenile citrus epicotyl segments, which showed to be feasible in citrus, once transgenic plants were obtained for all proposed genes. Molecular tests were conduced and confirmed the insertion of the genes described above. In the case of Rangpur lime two plants were regenerated; in the transformation of canopy varieties with cecropin gene, different efficiency rates were observed, and the best results were obtained for Valencia sweet orange (3.3-4.5 %) and Hamlin sweet orange (2.5-3.0 %), compared to Natal sweet orange (1.6-2.0 %) and Pêra sweet orange (0.5 %). Plants of Valência variety were also transformed with the phenylalanine ammonia lyase promoter, resulting in 15 diverse transformation events. Beyond transformations, two bioessays were installed: one with Rangpur lime plants, aiming to evaluate tolerance to gummosis caused by Phytophthora, and another with Valência sweet orange transformed with cecropin gene. In the first case Rangpur lime transgenic plants were propagated through grafting and, after six months, were inoculated with Phytophtora, by introducing a contaminated needle containing the pathogen propagules, at 10 cm above the grafting region; 25 days later the experiment evaluation was conduced, consisting on measuring the lenght and area of lesions, as well as on the observation of gum. Comparing the performance of Rangpur lime transgenic lines with that of a non-transformed Rangpur lime, one plant presented higher tolerance to gummosis. Although, for the cecropin-gene plants, it was conduced an essay with destached leaves, where these were punched by a needle and then sprayed with a bacterial suspension of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri; they were kept in centrifuge tubes (50 mL), where petioles mantained contact with sterile water (2 mL). After 15 days, the necessary period to the first lesions appearance and their size were evaluated. One transgenic plant showed a higher tolerance in comparison to control. In plants transformed with phenylalanine ammonia lyase promoter, tests to observe gus gene expression were performed and comproved its ability to promote and direct gene activity to conductive vessels. This work results are the first in citrus using bO and cecropin genes, and PAL promoter.
Lee, Suk-wah. "Fungicide resistance and genetic diversity of Penicillium digitatum in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25155167.
Full textCalixto, Marcia Cristina. "Hibridação somática entre Citrus sinensis e C. grandis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-29072003-083246/.
Full textCitrus somatic hybridization has been extensively applied assisting the development of the somatic hybrids which can be used in improvement programs, indirectly as germoplasm source or directly as scion and rootstock varieties. In this context, this research was developed with the objective of selecting plants of pummelo (C. grandis L. Osb) tolerant to Phytophthora sp. and use these plants as parents in the somatic hybridization process with other species of Citrus. Plants of 20 pummelo varieties, tolerant to Phytophthora sp., were selected after being grown in infested soil. Protoplast fusion experiments were induced by chemical method, with polyethylene glicol (PEG), involving sweet oranges, mandarins and Murcott tangor, as embryogenic parents, selected pummelo varieties and grafted plants of 12 pummelo varieties, as non-embryogenic parents. Microcolonies were transferred to EME semi-solid MT containing 500 mg.l -1 of malt extract for somatic embryogenesis. Somatic hybridization was confirmed by analysis of leaf morphology, citology by chromosome counting and molecular analysis by RAPD markers. The protocols used to select plants to be used as protoplast source, protoplast fusion, plant regeneration and somatic hybridization confirmation were adequate, allowing to produce somatic hybrids of Hamlin sweet orange with Indian Red grafted pummelo and Singapura pummelo selected seedling, which may be used as rootstocks and incorporated in rootstocks improvement programs.
Erpen, Lígia. "Isolamento e caracterização de promotores de genes constitutivos de Citrus sinensis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-17082017-140746/.
Full textGenetic transformation is an alternative to citros conventional breeding that allows the modification of genotypes by the introduction of one or more genes derived from different organisms that can not be crossed by natural means. The transferred genes to the species of interest are controlled by promoters, which regulate a gene expression temporally, spatially and in the desired magnitude. In most cases, the introduced genes have been constitutively expressed using the CaMV35S promoter obtained from the cauliflower mosaic virus. However, the development of novel plant transformation approaches (cisgenesis and intragenesis) imply the use of genetic material from the same species or from closely related species capable of sexual hybridization, which requires the isolation of genetic elements, including citros constitutive promoters. The objective of this study was clone and characterize Citrus sinensis constitutive promoters. For this, the promoter region of the genes Elongation Factor 1-α (CsEF1), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C2 (CsGAPC2) and Cyclofiline (CsCYC) was isolated and evaluated by fusion to the uidA reporter gene. The functionality of three promoter was confirmed by histochemical GUS assay in leaves, stems and roots of transgenic citrus plants cv. \'Hamlin\'. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that uidA gene expression under control of the CsCYC, CsGAPC2 and CsEF1 promoters was approximately 64%, 58% and 47% expression compared with the CaMV35S promoter. In silico analysis of the CsGAPC2, CsCYC and CsEF1 promoters displays their activity is controlled by a series of putative cis-regulatory elements. The full length promoter and truncated versions originated from deletions in promoters sequences were fused to the uidA gene and analyzed in Nicotiana benthamiana transgenic plants by histochemical and fluorimetric GUS assay. Deletion analysis did not cause loss of function on any of the promoters, but affected the gene expression on CsGAPC2 and CsEF1 truncated versions. The isolated promoters represent good candidates to be used in citros genetic transformation.
HOUSSEM, ROUISS. "Genetic Structure of Diploid Gametes for the Production of Triploid Citrus Hybrids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/90634.
Full textEsta tesis estudia tres aspectos principales: (i) los mecanismos de la formación de gametos 2n de polen originados por un híbrido diploide (tangor `CSO¿) utilizado como parental masculino en hibridaciones sexuales 4x x 2x, (ii) las frecuencias y los mecanismos de la producción de gametos 2n femeninos en dos genotipos de limón, `Eureka Frost¿ y `Fino¿, y (iii) el análisis de la recombinación interespecífica y las estructuras de los gametos diploides originados por la lima `Mejicana¿ doble diploide para evaluar el origen de las las variedades triploides de lima C. latifolia (`Tahiti¿) y C. aurantifolia (`Tanepao¿). La obtención de 54 híbridos tetraploides a partir de hibridaciones 4x x 2x permitió analizar los mecanismos de la formación de gametos 2n de polen. El análisis molecular reveló que la mayoría de estas plantas se obtuvieron a partir de gametos 2n de polen del parental `CSO¿. A continuación, el análisis mediante el método de máxima verosimilitud indicó que FDR (Restitución de la Primera División meiótica) y SDR (Restitución de la Segunda División meiótica) son los mecanismos implicados con una mayor dominancia de FDR respecto SDR. Estos resultados se confirmaron mediante el análisis de la restitución de la heterocigosidad en el grupo de ligamiento (LG) 2. Con los datos publicados hasta la fecha, es la primera vez que se han obtenido progenies tetraploides de cítricos mediante gametos 2n de polen y es la primera descripción en cítricos de la coexistencia de dos mecanismos SDR y FDR. Para estudiar las frecuencias y los mecanismos de la producción de gametos 2n en dos genotipos de limón, se obtuvieron 43 híbridos triploides y tetraploides a partir de hibridaciones sexuales 2x x 2x y 2x x 4x utilizando los limones `Eureka Frost¿ y `Fino¿ como parentales femeninos. Las frecuencias de producción de gametos 2n fueron respectivamente 4,9% y 8,3%. El análisis de máxima verosimilitud y el patrón de PHR a lo largo del LG1 reveló que SDR es el mecanismo principal de formación de gametos 2n femeninos (88%), seguido por FDR o duplicación del genoma pre-meiosis (PRD) (7%) y se identificó un nuevo mecanismo originado a partir de la duplicación del genoma post-meiosis (PMD) (5%). En este trabajo se describe por primera vez en cítricos la producción de un elevado número de híbridos de limón a partir de gametos 2n y es la primera vez que se identifica un nuevo mecanismo PMD que nunca se ha observado en cítricos. En ambos estudios se demostró la efectividad del uso de dos métodos complementarios, el análisis del patrón de PHR a lo largo de un LG y el método de máxima verosimilitud para distinguir entre los diferentes mecanismos implicados en la formación de gametos 2n. También se ha analizado el modelo de segregación cromosómica de la lima `Mejicana¿ doble diploide (DD) así como la recombinación interespecífica y las estructuras de los gametos diploides resultantes. Se ha realizado análisis de la viabilidad del polen junto con un análisis citogenético y con marcadores SSRs y SNPs. Estos trabajos nos han permitido concluir que la lima `Mejicana¿ DD presenta una segregación predominantemente disómica para tres LGs, herencia intermedia con tendencia disómica para cinco LGs y un tipo de segregación intermedia para un LG. Las estructuras de los gametos diploides mostraron una alta heterocigosis en C. medica/C. micrantha, parentales de la lima `Mejicana¿. Las estructuras genéticas de los gametos diploides de la lima `Mejicana¿ DD son compatibles con la hipótesis de que las variedades triploides `Tahiti¿ y `Tanepao¿ se obtuvieran a partir de una hibridación interploide a partir de la lima `Mejicana¿ DD. El tipo de segregación disómico conlleva una limitación de la recombinación y la diversidad genética de la población de gametos 2n. Sin embargo la viabilidad del polen de la lima `Mejicana¿ DD en comparación con la lima `Mejicana¿ diploide permite
Aquesta tesi ha tingut com a objectius l'estudi de (i) els mecanismes subjacents a la formació de pol·len de gàmetes 2n al tangor híbrid diploide `CSO', utilitzat com a progenitor masculí en els programes de millora de triploides 4x x 2x (ii) les freqüències i els mecanismes implicats en la producció gàmetes 2n en la femella als genotips de llimona `Eureka Frost¿ i Fina' (iii) la recombinació interespecífica i les estructures resultants de gàmetes diploides del doble-diploide (DD) de `llima Mèxicana' per avaluar la possibilitat que la hibridació interploid natural potser l'origen de les varietats triploides C. latifolia (llima tipus `Tahiti') i C. aurantifolia (llima tipus `Tanepao'). La producció de 54 híbrids tetraploides obtinguts d¿hibridacions sexuals 4x x 2x va permetre l'anàlisi dels mecanismes de formació de gàmetes 2n de pol·len. Els marcadors moleculars SSR i SNP van revelar que la majoria d'aquestes plantes es van obtenir de pol·len 2n del parental diploide tangor. Llavors, el mètode de màxima probabilitat va revelar que tant FDR (Restitució en la Primera Divisió), amb ocurrència predominant, com SDR (Restitució en la Segona Divisió) van ser els mecanismes que condueixen a la formació de gàmetes masculins 2n en aquest tangor. Aquestes observacions van ser confirmades per l'anàlisi de patró de RHP al llarg del cromosoma 2. Des del nostre coneixement, aquest és el primer estudi de progènies de cítrics tetraploides derivats de pol·len no reduït i la primera descripció de la coexistència de dos mecanismes de restitució meiòtiques (FDR i SDR) produint pol·len no reduït en els cítrics. Per tal d'estudiar les freqüències i els mecanismes implicats en la producció de gàmetes 2n sense reduir de la femella, en dos genotips diferents de llimona, vam obtenir 43 híbrids triploides i tetraploides d¿hibridacions sexuals 2x x 2x i 4x x 2x utilitzant `Eureka Frost ' i `Fino' com progenitors femenins. Les freqüències de la producció de gàmetes 2n van ser, respectivament, 4,9% i 8,3%. L'anàlisi de màxima probabilitat i el patró de RHP al llarg del cromosoma 1 van revelar que SDR és el principal mecanisme de gàmetes 2n en la llimona utilitzada com parent femení (88%), seguit pels mecanismes FDR o duplicació pre-meiòtica (PRD) (7%) i la duplicació del genoma post-meiòtica (PMD) (5%). Per primera volta en els cítrics s¿ha obtingut un gran nombre de progènie de llimona a partir de gàmetes 2n i s¿ha identificat un nou mecanisme, el PMD que poques vegades s'ha descrit en altres espècies herbàcies o llenyoses. A través dels dos treballs, hem demostrat, a nivell metodològic, l'eficàcia d'utilitzar dos enfocaments complementaris, és a dir, l'anàlisi del patró de RHP en un cromosoma amb el mètode de màxima probabilitat basat en loci centromèrics per distingir entre els diferents mecanismes de la producció de gàmetes 2n . Es van analitzar els mecanismes meiòtics d'un DD `llima Mèxicana', la recombinació interespecífica i les estructures resultants de gàmetes diploides combinant una anàlisi de segregació de marcadors SSR i SNP, un estudi citogenètic i l'avaluació de la viabilitat del pol·len. Hem arribat a la conclusió que el DD de `llima Mèxicana' tenia una segregació predominantment disómica en tres cromosomes, herència intermèdia amb tendència disómica en cinc cromosomes i els models intermedis per a un altre. Les estructures resultants de gàmetes diploides interespecífiques mostren alta heterozigositat C. medica / C. micrantha. Les estructures genètiques revelades dels gàmetes diploides produïts pel DD de `llima Mèxicana' són compatibles amb la hipòtesi que les varietats triploides `Tahiti¿ i `Tanepao¿ resulten de la hibridació interploide que impliquen un DD de tipus `llima Mèxicana'. Aquesta tendència disómica limita la recombinació i la diversitat de la població de gàmetes diploides, però, la restauració de la viabilitat
Houssem, R. (2017). Genetic Structure of Diploid Gametes for the Production of Triploid Citrus Hybrids [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90634
TESIS
Cardoso, Suane Coutinho. "Avaliação da resistência a Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. e Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri Vauterin et al. em plantas transgênicas de Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck expressando os genes atacina A ou Xa21." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-22072008-154419/.
Full textThe Brazilian citrus industry is constantly threatened by diseases that cause severe damage to production and fruit quality such as the citrus variegated chlorosis and citrus canker. Genetic transformation has been considered an important tool in citrus breeding programs especially regarding disease resistance. This research objective was to evaluate the resistance to Xylella fastidiosa and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in Citrus sinensis plants, transformed with the genes attacin A (attA) or Xa21. Transgenic sweet orange plants from cultivars \'Hamlin\', \'Valencia\', \'Natal\' and \'Pera\' containing the attA or Xa21 genes were graft propagated on Rangpur lime for pathogen resistance evaluation. The resistance to X. fastidiosa was evaluated by mechanic inoculation of the transgenic plants containing the attA gene, using bacterial suspension and pin perforation of plant tissue. The plants were evaluated in four different experiments including, eight \'Hamlin\' sweet orange plants (H), seven \'Natal\' sweet orange plants (N), five \'Pera\' sweet orange plants (P) and nine \'Valencia\' sweet orange plants (V). The experimental design was fully randomized with ten replications and each experiment was repeated twice. After four and eight months from inoculation, the bacterial population of all plants was determined by isolation in culture medium and seven plants (Hat8, Nat1, Nat2, Pat6, Pat7, Vat2 e Vat12) were selected to be analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) aiming to estimate the bacterial population in relation to control plants. The resistance to X. axonopodis pv. citri was evaluated in transgenic plants containing the attA or Xa21 genes. Seedlings showing new leaves and free from wounds, were spray-inoculated with bacterial suspension for stomatal penetration, and incubated in growth chamber. The experimental design was fully randomized with seven to ten repetitions and each experiment was repeated three times. The symptom severity of citrus canker was determined 30 days after inoculation, by evaluating two leaves per plant with citrus canker lesions, using a disease quantification software (Quant v.1.0). Within the transgenic plants containing the attA gene, four (Pat6, Pat7, Vat2 e Vat12) showed smaller bacterial populations of X. fastidiosa and 16 had reduction in the severity of citrus canker in relation to control plants. Within the transgenic plants containing the Xa21 gene, 11 presented reduction in symptom severity of citrus canker related to control plants.
Soratto, Tatiany Aparecida Teixeira. "Mapeamento de QTLs e eQTLs associados à reação a “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” em Poncirus trifoliata, Citrus sunki e híbridos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2017. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9363.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira/IAC has been conducting an extensive breeding program of citrus via directed crosses. In a previous study with Citrushuanglongbing pathosystem (HLB) held in our group, using a population obtained by hybridization between Citrus sunki and Poncirus trifoliata, differences were found in the multiplication of the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causal agent of HLB, in the parents and in the progeny. It was observed that the rate of infection and bacterial concentration was higher in C. sunki than in P. trifoliata. Thus, it is important to deepen the studies with this genus and hybrids to increase knowledge of which mechanisms could be involved in the tolerance to HLB, considered the most important disease of citrus currently. In this sense, the objective of this study was to establish sinteny between the linkage groups of the C. sunki and P. trifoliata maps with the genome of Citrus sinensis and to map genomic regions associated to tolerance CLas bacterium through phenotypic analysis (QTLs) and gene expression (eQTLs). With the comparative analysis between maps and genome, it was observed that all the linkage groups showed synteny with reference genome chromosomes used, with the exception of the linkage group 10 of the C. sunki map. For the phenotypic data, a population of 79 F1 hybrids between C. sunki and P. trifoliata was used. The quantification of the bacterium and accumulation of starch in the leaves were evaluated after two years of inoculation with the pathogen. Through the statistical analysis of the mixed model it was possible to group the hybrids into resistant, tolerant and susceptible, being important the validation of these data in the field. The expression of 14 candidate genes related to HLB was performed in 72 hybrids of the population and used as expression data for the mapping of eQTLs. It was possible to locate nine QTLs and 52 eQTLs on the C. sunki genitor map and 17 QTLs and 40 eQTLs were found on the P. trifoliata genitor map. The overlapping eQTLs of the majority genes of QTL (phenotypic data) indicates that the genes are related to the phenotype and are probably responsive to the pathogen infection.
O Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira/IAC vem realizando um amplo programa de melhoramento genético de citros via cruzamentos dirigidos. Em um estudo prévio com o patossistema Citros-huanglongbing (HLB) realizado pelo nosso grupo, utilizando uma população obtida por hibridação controlada entre Citrus sunki e Poncirus trifoliata, foram verificadas diferenças na multiplicação da bactéria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), agente causal do HLB, tanto nos genitores quanto na progênie. A taxa de infecção e a concentração de bactéria foi maior em Citrus sunki em relação ao P. trifoliata. Assim, é importante aprofundar os estudos com esses gêneros e seus híbridos para ampliar o conhecimento de quais mecanismos poderiam estar envolvidos na tolerância ao HLB, considerada a mais importante doença dos citros atualmente. O objetivo do trabalho foi estabelecer sintenia entre os grupos de ligação dos mapas de C. sunki e P. trifoliata com o genoma de Citrus sinensis e mapear regiões genômicas associadas à tolerância a CLas por meio de análise fenotípica (QTLs) e de expressão gênica (eQTLs). Com a análise comparativa entre mapas e genoma, foi observado que todos os grupos de ligação apresentaram sintenia com pseudocromossomos do genoma de referência utilizado, com exceção do grupo de ligação 10 do mapa da C. sunki. Para os dados fenotípicos foi utilizada uma população de 79 híbridos F1 entre C. sunki e P. trifoliata, sendo avaliada a quantificação da bactéria e acúmulo de amido nas folhas após dois anos da inoculação com o patógeno. Com a análise estatística utilizando modelo misto foi possível agrupar os híbridos em resistentes, tolerantes e suscetíveis, sendo importante a validação desses dados em campo. A análise de expressão de 14 genes candidatos relacionados ao HLB foi realizada em 72 híbridos da população e utilizados como dados de expressão para o mapeamento de eQTLs. Foram encontrados nove QTLs e 52 eQTLs no mapa do genitor C. sunki enquanto no mapa do genitor P. trifoliata foram encontrados 17 QTLs e 40 eQTLs. A sobreposição de eQTLs da grande maioria dos genes com QTLs dos dados fenotípicos, indicam que os genes têm relação com o fenótipo e que provavelmente são responsivos à infecção do patógeno.
Mehta, Angela. "Diversidade genetica em linhagens de Xylella fastidiosa isoladas de citros." [s.n.], 2000. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317414.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Xylella fastidiosa é uma bactéria Gram-negativa associada a doenças em culturas de grande importância econômica corno videira, citros, café e ameixa, entre outras. Neste estudo, as relações genéticas de linhagens de X fastidiosa isolada de citros de diferentes regiões geográficas no Brasil foram investigadas. Linhagens de café, videira, ameixa e pêra foram também incluídas para comparação. A diversidade genética foi determinada através de técnicas moleculares, incluindo amplificação de DNA utilizando os primers ERIC, REP e BOX (rep PCR), RFLP do gene RNAr 16S e da região espaçadora DNAr 16S-23S, RAPD e SDS-PAGE de proteínas. Na análise RFLP de DNAr 16S e região espaçadora DNAr 16S-23S, um baixo nível de polimorfismo foi observado. As técnicas de rep-PCR e RAPD revelaram um maior nível de polimorfismo e, além da relação com os hospedeiros, variação entre as linhagens de citros também foi encontrada. linhagens de citros isoladas da região sul, compreendendo os estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná formaram um grupo, enquanto que as linhagens isoladas de São Paulo e Sergipe formaram outro grupo. Na análise do perfil de proteínas obtido por SDS-P AGE, uma relação com os hospedeiros também foi revelada. A linhagem de pêra permaneceu distantemente relacionada às demais linhagens de XyleUa em todas as análises. A hibridização DNA:DNA revelou uma homologia acima de 80% para as linhagens de videira, ameixa, citros e café. indicando que essas linhagens pertencem a uma mesma espécie genômica. A linhagem de pêra apresentou uma homologia abaixo de 20%, indicando que esta linhagem não pertence à espécie X fastidiosa. As relações filogenéticas foram determinadas através do sequenciamento de DNAr 165 e região espaçadora DNAr 16S-23S de linhagens de diferentes hospedeiros. As árvores filogenéticas obtidas revelaram dois grupos principais, sendo que as linhagens de citros, café e ameixa formaram um grupo separado das linhagens de videira
Abstract: Xylella fastidiosa is a Gram-negative bacterium associated to diseases in many economically important crops such as grapevine, citrus, coffee and plum. In this study, the genetic relationships among X. fastidiosa strains isolated from citrus in different geographic regions of Brazil was investigated. Strains isolated from coffee, grapevine, plum and pear were also included for comparison. The genetic diversity was investigated using molecular techniques including amplification of DNA using the primers ERIC, REP and BOX (rep-PCR), RFLP of the 16S rDNA and 16S-235 intergenic spacer, RAPD and SDS-PAGE of proteins. RFLP of the 16S rDNA and 165-235 intergenic spacer revealed a low levei of polymorphism. The RAPD and rep PCR techniques showed a higher level of polymorphism, demonstrating the relationships of strains with the hosts and the variation among the citrus strains. Citrus strains isolated from the Southern States including Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, formed one group, whereas strains isolated from the States of São Paulo and Sergipe formed another group. The analysis of the protein profiles obtained by SDS-P AGE also showed a relationship between strains and their hosts. The pear strain was distantly related to the other strains of X. fastidiosa in all the techniques used. DNA:DNA hybridization revealed a homology above 80% for the strains solated from grapevine, plum, citrus and coffee, showing that these strains belong to the same genomic species. The pear strain presented a homology leveI below 20%, indicating that this strain does not belong to the genomic species X. fastidiosa. The phylogenetic relationships among strains from different hosts was assessed by sequence analysis of the 165 rDNA and 16S-23S intergenic spacer. The phylogenetic trees obtained revealed two major c1usters: the citrus, coffee and plum strains formed one cluster, distinct from that formed by the grapevine strains
Mestrado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
Rodrigues, Carolina Munari. "Expressão diferencial de genes em laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) em tangerina (Citrus reticulata blanco) em resposta à infecção por Xylella fastidiosa /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102702.
Full textCoorientador: Alessandra Alves de Souza
Banca: Celso Benedetti
Banca: Anete Pereira de Souza
Banca: Ivan de Godoy Maia
Banca: Henrique Ferreira
Resumo: A citricultura brasileira responde por 85% das exportações de suco concentrado do mundo, mesmo enfrentando graves problemas de ordem fitossanitária. Dentre as doenças que mais afetam sua produtividade encontra-se a clorose variegada do citros (CVC), causada pela Xylella fastidiosa. Cultivares dentro das espécies de Citrus apresentam respostas diferentes em relação à susceptibilidade à CVC. Enquanto cultivares de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) são bastante suscetíveis, as tangerinas (Citrus reticulata Blanco) por sua vez são consideradas tolerantes. Resultados prévios do nosso grupo sugerem que a resistência deve estar efetivamente envolvida com a ativação de vias de sinalização, não sendo somente consequência de menor bloqueio dos vasos do xilema. Portanto, a hipótese desse trabalho é que a resistência da tangerina Poncan e a suscetibilidade de laranja doce à CVC pode ser comparada através da avaliação da expressão diferencial de genes durante o processo de infecção. Desse modo, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a expressão de genes dessas duas espécies submetidas à infecção pela bactéria. Para tanto plantas de laranja Pera e tangerina Poncan foram desafiadas com X. fastidiosa e as coletas das folhas infectadas e seus respectivos controles feitas em diferentes tempos (1, 7, 14 e 21 dias). Esse material foi utilizado para extração de DNA total que foi usado na confirmação, por RT-qPCR, da presença da bactéria. Após essa verificação, o RNA foi extraído em pools para a construção das bibliotecas subtrativas supressivas (SSHs). Foram feitas seis bibliotecas, porém, não foram obtidas sequencias de qualidade. Em função do baixo rendimento das SSHs, optou-se por proceder as análises com RNA-seq utilizando tecidos xilemáticos de tangerina Poncan, com um dia após... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Brazilian citrus industry accounts for 85% of exports of concentrated juice in the world despite facing serious plant health problems. Among the main diseases that affect its productivity is the citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), caused by Xylella fastidiosa. Citrus species present different responses in relation to susceptibility to CVC. While sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) is very susceptible, mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is considered tolerant. Previous results from our group suggest that this tolerance observed in mandarin effectively involves activation of signaling pathways and is not only consequence of limited blockage of the xylem vessels. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is that the tolerance of Ponkan mandarin and susceptibility of sweet orange to CVC can be compared evaluating the differential expression of genes during the infection process, being that the objective of this study. For that, Ponkan mandarin and sweet orange plants were challenged with X. fastidiosa. Infected/non-infected leaves were collected at different times (1, 7, 14, and 21 days). This material was used for extraction of total DNA, which was used for confirming the presence of bacteria by RT-qPCR. After this verification, the RNA was extracted in pools for the construction of suppressive subtractive libraries (SSHs). Six libraries were prepared, but good quality sequences were not obtained. Due to the low efficiency of SSHs, it was decided to proceed with RNA-seq analysis using xylem tissues of mandarin Ponkan, one day after infection with X. fastidiosa. In this analysis it was obtained 35,344,265 transcripts for the non-infected library and 37,326,339 for the infected one. These transcripts were mapped in the whole reference genome of Citrus clementine by using TopHat software. The contigs generated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Epstein, Helen. "Chromosomal proteins from a mealybug, Planococcus citri." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386704.
Full textMauricio, Fernanda Nara. "Análise da expressão de genes relacionados à defesa em novos híbridos de citros resistentes à Clorose Variegada dos Citros e mapeamento de eQTL." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/21.
Full textBrazil is the largest producer of sweet orange, but the productivity is not the highest due to disease problems. A major problem is the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which promotes obstruction of the xylem, causing physiological disorders in plant and in advanced cases, affecting fruits, leading to production losses. In this study, hybrids obtained from controlled crosses between Murcott tangor [Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and Pera sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] were evaluated by analysis of symptoms, diagnosis through conventional and real time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) , showing seven resistant hybrids, twenty-four tolerant hybrids and six susceptible hybrids. The expressions of thirteen genes [NBS-LRR - RGH1, Abscisic Acid (ABA), Thaumatin, Chitinase, Xa21 Kinase, Kinase CHRK1, Isoflavone Synthase, Protein Defense-Related Resistance - DRRP, No Product Set - SPD, Isoflavone Reductase, HCr2-0A, Ankyrin, Glutathione GST-22 associated with resistance were evaluated, and it was possible to relate the resistance to X. fastidiosa with gene expression. QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) were mapped through the quantification of symptoms and bacterial concentration and expression QTL (eQTL) of genes were carried out with the evaluation of thirty-seven hybrids.
O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de laranja, mas não apresenta maior produtividade devido a problemas fitossanitários. Um dos principais problemas é a Clorose Variegada dos Citros (CVC) causada pela bactéria Xylella fastidiosa, que promove a obstrução do xilema, causando desordens fisiológicas na planta e em casos avançados, afetando os frutos. A CVC acomete as variedades de Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, conhecidas como laranjas-doce, sobre diferentes porta-enxertos, todavia não são encontrados sintomas em tangerinas e híbridos comerciais. Neste estudo, os híbridos obtidos a partir de cruzamentos controlados entre tangor Murcott [Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] com laranja Pera [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] foram avaliados através da análise dos sintomas, o diagnóstico por meio de PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) convencional e em tempo real, mostrando sete híbridos resistentes, vinte e quatro híbridos tolerantes e seis híbridos suscetíveis. As análises de expressões dos genes (NBS-LRR RGH1, Ácido Abscísico, Taumatina, Quitinase, Quinase Xa21, Quinase CHRK1, Isoflavone Sintase, Proteína de Defesa Relacionada com Resistência - PDRR, Sem Produto Definido - SPD, Isoflavona Redutase, HCr2- 0A, Anquirina e GST22) possibilitaram entender a relação entre a resistência a X. fastidiosa e a expressão gênica. Foram mapeados QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) através da quantificação de sintomas, concentração de bactérias. Baseados em um conjunto de resultados, foram detectados eQTLS (QTLs de expressão) de genes avaliados em trinta e sete híbridos.
Weiler, Roberto Luis. "Caracterização morfológica, citogenética e molecular de uma população de tangerineiras híbridas de 'Clementina fina' (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) e 'Montenegrina' (Citrus deliciosa Ten.)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6244.
Full textCitrus production is widespread all over the world and in Brazil it represents the major volume of fruit production. Production of fresch fruit, as tangerines, allow the farmer to obtain a better value for the product. The consuming market is keen for new varieties and a breeding program should be always searching for genotypes that satisfy the market as well as the productive chain. At the Agronomic Experimental Station of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul there is a population of hybrid tangerines, as result of crosses between ‘Clementina Fina’ (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) and ‘Montenegrina’ (Citrus deliciosa Ten.). In this study, this population was characterized using the morphological descriptors proposed by the International Board for Plant Genetic, besides other characteristics such as ripening period, pollen viability, chromosome number and a molecular characterization with SSR markers. It was possible to distinguish all the 96 evaluated plants by the morphological descriptors, but it was not possible to separate the F1 in groups distinct from the parents. Ripening occurred between mid April and mid August. All the analyzed plants had a high pollen viability, ranging from 79.04% to 98.08%. All plants are diploid, with 2n = 18. By using 12 pairs of primers it was possible to differentiate 90 of the analyzed accessions and group F1 individuals closer to the female and male parents. The PIC (polymorphism information content) ranged from 0.27 and 0.65. It was not possible to establish a relation between the morphological and the molecular characterizations. 1Master of Science dissertation in Agronomy, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. (67p.) March, 2006.
Paudyal, Krishna Prasad. "Genetic diversity of pummelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) in Nepal and improvement of propagation methods." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287002.
Full textFerreira-Maba, Lisandra Santos. "Phyllosticta citricarpa : compatibilidade e mating types no ciclo sexual, e aspectos da interação com o hospedeiro Citrus sinensis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/44257.
Full textCoorientadora : Profª Drª Chirlei Glienke
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética. Defesa: Curitiba, 28/11/2014
Inclui referências : f.65-69;85-90;113-115;118-122
Área de concentração : Genética
Resumo: A Mancha Preta dos Citros (MPC) é uma doença que causa lesões nas principais variedades de frutos cítricos e, em casos mais severos, causa sua queda prematura, levando a prejuízos de produção e perdas no mercado consumidor. É causada pelo fungo Phyllosticta citricarpa, cujos esporos são encontrados em folhas aderidas à planta e em lesões nos frutos na forma assexuada (picnidiósporos), e na forma sexuada (ascósporos) em folhas em decomposição no solo. Neste trabalho foram investigados os mecanismos que desencadeiam o ciclo sexual em diferentes isolados de Phyllosticta citricarpa, obtidos de diferentes regiões geográficas e de diferentes hospedeiros, buscando reconhecer sistemas de compatibilidade existentes. Testes de compatibilidade em variadas condições descritas na literatura e em outras condições propostas neste estudo foram realizados com 165 isolados de Phyllosticta. Algumas condições ensaiadas, previamente descritas na literatura, mostraram-se inadequadas para ensaios de compatibilidade entre diferentes isolados de P. citricarpa. Estruturas semelhantes a corpos de frutificação imaturos foram observadas na zona de encontro entre os isolados LGMF 76 e 114, porém não foram obtidos ascósporos. Na produção de ascósporos estão envolvidos os genes mating type (MAT) que regulam o desenvolvimento da reação sexual. Estes genes foram identificados após o desenho de primers específicos para esta espécie, com o objetivo de caracterizar este importante fitopatógeno quanto à dinâmica de recombinação possível em campo. Dos 148 isolados investigados, 21,62% apresentaram o gene MAT 1-1-1, 78,38% o gene MAT1-2-1. Considerando que os ascósporos, desempenham um papel importante no ciclo da Mancha Preta dos Citros, condições de produção e liberação destes esporos foram recriadas em laboratório com o desenvolvimento de caixas com temperatura, ventilação e umidade controlada, onde plantas axênicas desenvolvidas a partir do embrião de sementes de citros e livres de microrganismos foram utilizadas. Ainda, aspectos da colonização dos frutos pelo fitopatógeno foram investigados, avaliando-se a relação entre o crescimento, colonização de folhas e produção de picnídios frente aos principais terpenos produzidos na casca dos frutos cítricos e que comprovadamente exercem um papel no processo de atração de pragas e patógenos. Em todos os testes realizados foi possível detectar que os terpenos influenciam de diferentes formas o crescimento e a produção de picnídios de P. citricarpa. Este pode ser mais um passo no entendimento do mecanismo de interação entre planta-patógeno, podendo se tornar uma futura forma de controle dessa doença. Palavras - chave: Mancha Preta dos Citros, Phyllosticta citricarpa, mating type, terpenos, interação planta-patógeno
Abstract: The citrus black spot (CBS) is a disease that causes lesions on the main varieties of citrus fruits and, in more severe cases, causes its premature drop, leading to production and consumer market losses. It is caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, whose spores are found over leafs attached to the plant and in the lesions of fruits in the asexual form (pycnidiospores), and in the sexual form (ascospores) in decomposing leafs in the soil. The present study investigated the mechanisms that trigger the sexual cycle in different isolates of Phyllosticta citricarpa, obtained from different geographic regions and different hosts, seeking to recognize existing compatibility systems. Compatibility tests on various conditions described in the literature and in other conditions proposed in this study were performed with 165 Phyllosticta isolates. Some conditions tested, previously described in the literature, have proved inadequate for testing compatibility between different isolates of P. citricicarpa. Structures similar to immature fruiting bodies were observed in the area of contact between the isolates LGMF 76 and 114, however ascospores were not obtained. The production of ascospores involves the mating type (MAT) genes which regulate the development of sexual response. These genes were identified after drawing primers specific for this species, with the objective of characterizing this important phytopathogen regarding the dynamics of possible field recombination. Of the 148 isolates investigated, 21.62% presented the MAT 1-1-1 gene and 78.38% the MAT1-2-1 gene. Considering that the ascospores play an important role in the citrus black spot cycle, production conditions and release of these spores were recreated in the laboratory with the development of boxes with controlled temperature, ventilation and humidity, where axenic plants grown from the embryo of citrus seeds and free from microorganisms were utilized. Still, aspects of colonization of the fruit by the phytopathogen were investigated by evaluating the relationship among growth, leaf colonization and production of pycnidia front of the main terpenes produced in the peel of citrus fruits and proven to play a role in the process of attraction of pests and pathogens. In all tests conducted it was possible to detect that the terpenes influence in different ways the growth and production of P. citricarpa pycnidia. This can be another step in the understanding of the mechanism of interaction between plant-pathogen, and may become a future way of controlling this disease. Key - words: citrus black spot, Phyllosticta citricarpa, mating type, terpenes, plant-pathogen interaction
Moraes, Tatiana de Souza. "Transformação genética de tomateiro (Solanum lycopersicum cv. \'Micro-Tom\') e de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) com o gene Csd1 (superóxido dismutase do cobre e do zinco), isolado de Poncirus trifoliata." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-14122015-103829/.
Full textAlthough the citrus industry is an important economic activity in Brazil, in recent years there has been a significant reduction in the national citrus production. The low profitability of the citrus sector has faced due to the high production cost is mainly attributed to phytosanitary problems, particularly diseases that directly affect productivity of orchards. Currently, huanglongbing (HLB) is the most serious disease that affects the global citrus industry and the damage is severe in all citrus varieties. Genetic transformation of plants is an alternative to obtain transgenic plants with genes that stimulate the plant defense system, making it resistant to diseases. Despite the effectiveness of protocols for genetic transformation of citrus, a characteristic disadvantage of perennial plants is the slow reproductive cycle, hindering validation of new genes of interest. Therefore, an important strategy is the use of model plants, such as the tomato, which has a short cycle and good genetic transformation efficiency. The objective of this study was to obtain transgenic plants of Solanum lycopersicum cv. \"Micro-Tom \'and Citrus sinensis, containing the gene construct with Csd1 gene (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase), isolated of Poncirus trifoliata. The protein encoded by the gene Csd1, also known as SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1), is the most powerful antioxidant in nature and is important constituent of cellular defense against oxidative stress caused by bacterial infection. \'Micro-tom\' tomato was used as a model for pathogenic gene validation. However, due to its low efficiency of genetic transformation, the inoculation experiments with the pathogen were not realized. Posteriorly, the characterization of gene function Csd1 in relation to the HLB disease will be realize with citrus transgenic plants. The objective of this study was to obtain transgenic plants of Solanum lycopersicum cv. \'Micro-Tom\' and of Citrus sinensis, containing the gene construction with Csd1 gene (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase), isolated of Poncirus trifoliata, for validation and for future study of this gene for resistance to HLB. Proteins encoded by the Csd1 gene, also known as SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1), are the most powerful antioxidants in nature and are important constituents of cellular defense against oxidative stress caused by bacterial infection. The identification of transgenic plants of tomato and sweet orange was performed by the PCR analysis using primers for the detection of Csd1 gene. The PCR+ plants were acclimatized and transferred to a greenhouse. The genetic transformation efficiency of tomato \'Micro-Tom\' and sweet orange cultivars, \'Hamlin\' and \'Pineapple\', were 0.34%, 4.74% and 3.65%, respectively. The molecular characterization with the Southern blot and RT-qPCR analyses was performed only in citrus plants. The transgene integration was confirmed in 32 plants. The number of insertion events ranged from 1-5 and the presence of Csd1 endogenous gene is found in three distinct locations in the plants genome. The mRNA level of the transgene was verified in 21 plants that had only a single transgene insertion into the plant genome. The results show that there was transcription of Csd1 gene in transgenic plants as well as in non-transgenic plants. The relation between the transgene transcript level with the resistance of plants to pathogens is set after inoculation with Candidadus Liberibacter.
Barbosa-Mendes, Janaynna Magalhães. "Transformação genética de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) com o gene hrpN (harpina) e avaliação da resistência ao cancro cítrico (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11135/tde-11052007-141612/.
Full textThe citrus industry has a great economic and social importance for Brazil, which is considered largest producer and orange juice exporter in the world. However, serious problems related to pathogens have affected citrus production and quality. With the development of genetic engineering and the characterization of genes related with plant disease resistance, the genetic transformation became an important tool in citrus breeding programs. The objective of this work was the production of transgenic plants of four sweet orange cultivars Hamlin, Valencia, Natal and Pera expressing hrpN gene under the control of Pgst1 inducible promoter. The evaluation of Hamlin sweet orange transgenic plants infected with the causal agent of citrus canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri was carry out. Epicotyl segments were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and selected in a culture medium supplemented with kanamycin or gentamycin. The genetic transformation was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. The gene transcription was evaluated by RT-PCR and the production of harpin protein was detected by western blot. The genetic transformation efficiency varied from 2,7% to 6,2% depending on the cultivar. Some transgenic lines had abnormal development, not allowing performing Southern blot analysis or multiplication by grafting. Plants of Hamlin sweet orange were propagated by grafting and evaluated for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri resistance. All tested plants presented reduction in the severity of the symptoms caused by bacterium X. axonopodis pv. citri 30 days after the inoculation.
Bogas, Andréa Cristina. "Avaliação da interação entre Methylobacterium spp. e citros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-22102010-095454/.
Full textThe bacterium-plant interaction is a complex process that involves several biotic and abiotic factors that may result in neutral, beneficial or harmful interactions. The Methylobacterium genus has been described as endophytic bacterium in different host plants. It could benefit the plants by growth promotion and control of phytopathogens. In citrus, this endophyte colonizes the same pathogen-niche, and therefore many species of this genus are interesting candidates to symbiotic control against X. fastidiosa. It is known that the process of Methylobacterium-bacteria interaction is coordinated by genes whose expression is regulated by the Quorum Sensing (QS), which uses N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) as signaling molecules. Its importance is associated with the biofilm formation, found in many plants as a strategy for bacterial colonization. However, the mechanisms in Methylobacterium-plant interactions are still poorly understood. Thus, this work studied in different ways, the interaction between Methylobacterium spp. and citrus, evaluating the effects of these bacteria on the seedling growth and the variation of gene expression. In this context, it was found that the specificity of bacteria-plant interactions and the bacterial inoculation methods are important to generate beneficial results on seed germination and host plant development. Possibly, IAA production and nitrogen biological fixation were the major involved mechanisms in citrus growth promotion by Methylobacterium spp. These bacteria seem to be transmitted horizontally in citrus plant. Aiming to employ Methylobacterium spp. to control phytopathogens in citrus plant, M. extorquens AR1.6/2 was genetically modified to express an endoglucanase A (EglA) enzyme. Using scanning electron microscopy was observed that the modified bacteria colonized the surface and interior of the Catharanthus roseus, a model plant for experiments with endophytic bacteria and X. fastidiosa. Furthermore, when inoculated with X. fastidiosa, these bacteria shared the seedlings xylem, suggesting that during the colonization and establishment in the host, these bacteria could interact. Studying the action of a AHL on the expression of genes involved in the interaction between M. mesophilicum SR1.6/6- plant it was observed that the presence of this molecule was important in the activation of genes expression mxaF (related to the establishment and methylotrophic metabolism); pat (related to adaptive and competitive advantages during the plant colonization); acdS (involved in bacterial metabolism and modulation of hormone levels in the plant). Expression of crtI and sss, involved in bacterial stress and transport of compounds, respectively, and phoU, related with pathogenicity were not altered in the presence of AHL in the evaluated conditions. The results of this study demonstrated that Methylobacterium spp. interact with seedlings of Citrus spp., showing specificity between plant species and endophytic bacteria. Also, it was observed that this interaction occurs not only with the plant molecular modification levels, but possibly with other bacteria that inhabit the xylem of citrus. Also, this interaction Methylobacteriumcitrus- xylem bacteria may be regulated by AHLs.
Souza, Andressa de [UNESP]. "Phyllosticta citricarpa: diversidade genética temporal em pomares de citrus sinensis e sensibilidade a fungicidas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123831.
Full textA Mancha Preta dos Citros (MPC), causada pelo fungo Phyllosticta citricarpa, encontra-se espalhada pelos continentes do mundo. Seus sintomas ocasionam a depreciação dos frutos e a queda prematura daqueles severamente infectados. Dada a importância econômica desta doença, realizamos a análise da estrutura genética de duas coleções de isolados de P. citricarpa, obtidas de uma única propriedade citrícola, em um intervalo de sete anos. Os frutos foram coletados de laranjeiras 'Pera 'e 'Valência' nos anos de 2005 e 2012. Os isolados obtidos foram identificados mediante a análise de sequências da região ITS e genes GPDH e TEF1. Assim, 80 isolados da coleção de 2005 e 115 de 2012 foram identificados como P. citricarpa. Apenas seis isolados de Phyllosticta capitalensis foram encontrados em meio aos de 2012. Maior quantidade de sequências com variações genéticas foram identificadas nos isolados obtidos na última amostragem de frutos, principalmente nas populações oriundas de 'Valência'. A diferenciação genética entre as populações de P. citricarpa de laranjeiras 'Valência', de 2005 e 2012, foi evidenciada mediante o emprego de marcadores AFLP, sendo o genótipo predominante em 2012 aquele identificado nas populações de 'Pera', de ambos os períodos. Pela análise da relação genética entre os isolados, presumiu-se que indivíduos cujo genótipo tenha sido favorecido apareceram primeiramente entre as populações de P. citricarpa que abrigavam as plantas de 'Pera', e posteriormente, migraram para os pomares de 'Valência'. Esta uniformização populacional ao longo dos sete anos e o baixo polimorfismo notado entre os isolados ao longo de gerações são indicativos de baixa recombinação genética entre os indivíduos. Sequências das bandas polimórficas entre os isolados de 'Valência' de 2005 e 2012 apresentaram similaridade com aquelas de proteínas da família de ABC transporters ...
Citrus Black Spot (CBS), caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, is spread over continents in the world. Its symptoms cause fruit depreciation and those severely infected fall prematurely. Given the economic importance of this disease, we carried out analysis of the genetic structure of two P. citricarpa isolates collections, obtained from a single citrus farm in a seven years interval. Fruits were collected from Pera and Valencia orange varieties in 2005 and 2012. The isolates obtained were identified by sequences analysis of ITS region and GPDH and TEF1 genes. Thus, 80 and 115 isolates of the 2005 and 2012 collections, respectively, were identified as P. citricarpa. Among the 2012 collection only six Phyllosticta capitalensis isolates were found. Higher amount of sequences containing genetic variations were identified in the isolates from the last fruits sampling, especially in populations derived from Valencia oranges. By applying AFLP markers it was evidenced genetic differentiation among P. citricarpa populations from Valencia oranges obtained between 2005 and 2012, whose predominant genotype in 2012 was that found in Pera populations from both periods. Through analysis of genetic relationship among isolates, it was assumed that individuals with favored genotypes have first appeared among P. citricarpa populations of Pera plants, and further migrated to Valencia orchards. Genetic populations uniformity over the seven years and low polymorphism observed among them, over generations, are indicative of low genetic recombination between individuals. Sequences of polymorphic bands between isolates of 2005 and 2012 Valencia collections presented similarity with those of ABC transporters Family proteins, which act as efflux pumps of cytotoxic compounds, as fungicides, and to NADH dehydrogenase proteins. Such gene modifications might be responsible for variability of sensibility responses of the isolates to strobilurins, which ...
Souza, Andressa de. "Phyllosticta citricarpa : diversidade genética temporal em pomares de citrus sinensis e sensibilidade a fungicidas /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123831.
Full textCoorientador: Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos
Coorientador: Jackson Antônio Marcondes de Souza
Banca: Marcel Bellato Spósito
Banca: Vitor Fernandes Oliveira de Miranda
Banca: Janete Apparecida Desiderio
Banca: Sérgio Florentino Pascholati
Resumo: A Mancha Preta dos Citros (MPC), causada pelo fungo Phyllosticta citricarpa, encontra-se espalhada pelos continentes do mundo. Seus sintomas ocasionam a depreciação dos frutos e a queda prematura daqueles severamente infectados. Dada a importância econômica desta doença, realizamos a análise da estrutura genética de duas coleções de isolados de P. citricarpa, obtidas de uma única propriedade citrícola, em um intervalo de sete anos. Os frutos foram coletados de laranjeiras 'Pera 'e 'Valência' nos anos de 2005 e 2012. Os isolados obtidos foram identificados mediante a análise de sequências da região ITS e genes GPDH e TEF1. Assim, 80 isolados da coleção de 2005 e 115 de 2012 foram identificados como P. citricarpa. Apenas seis isolados de Phyllosticta capitalensis foram encontrados em meio aos de 2012. Maior quantidade de sequências com variações genéticas foram identificadas nos isolados obtidos na última amostragem de frutos, principalmente nas populações oriundas de 'Valência'. A diferenciação genética entre as populações de P. citricarpa de laranjeiras 'Valência', de 2005 e 2012, foi evidenciada mediante o emprego de marcadores AFLP, sendo o genótipo predominante em 2012 aquele identificado nas populações de 'Pera', de ambos os períodos. Pela análise da relação genética entre os isolados, presumiu-se que indivíduos cujo genótipo tenha sido favorecido apareceram primeiramente entre as populações de P. citricarpa que abrigavam as plantas de 'Pera', e posteriormente, migraram para os pomares de 'Valência'. Esta uniformização populacional ao longo dos sete anos e o baixo polimorfismo notado entre os isolados ao longo de gerações são indicativos de baixa recombinação genética entre os indivíduos. Sequências das bandas polimórficas entre os isolados de 'Valência' de 2005 e 2012 apresentaram similaridade com aquelas de proteínas da família de ABC transporters ...
Abstract: Citrus Black Spot (CBS), caused by the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, is spread over continents in the world. Its symptoms cause fruit depreciation and those severely infected fall prematurely. Given the economic importance of this disease, we carried out analysis of the genetic structure of two P. citricarpa isolates collections, obtained from a single citrus farm in a seven years interval. Fruits were collected from Pera and Valencia orange varieties in 2005 and 2012. The isolates obtained were identified by sequences analysis of ITS region and GPDH and TEF1 genes. Thus, 80 and 115 isolates of the 2005 and 2012 collections, respectively, were identified as P. citricarpa. Among the 2012 collection only six Phyllosticta capitalensis isolates were found. Higher amount of sequences containing genetic variations were identified in the isolates from the last fruits sampling, especially in populations derived from Valencia oranges. By applying AFLP markers it was evidenced genetic differentiation among P. citricarpa populations from Valencia oranges obtained between 2005 and 2012, whose predominant genotype in 2012 was that found in Pera populations from both periods. Through analysis of genetic relationship among isolates, it was assumed that individuals with favored genotypes have first appeared among P. citricarpa populations of Pera plants, and further migrated to Valencia orchards. Genetic populations uniformity over the seven years and low polymorphism observed among them, over generations, are indicative of low genetic recombination between individuals. Sequences of polymorphic bands between isolates of 2005 and 2012 Valencia collections presented similarity with those of ABC transporters Family proteins, which act as efflux pumps of cytotoxic compounds, as fungicides, and to NADH dehydrogenase proteins. Such gene modifications might be responsible for variability of sensibility responses of the isolates to strobilurins, which ...
Doutor
Pio, Rafael. "Propagação de híbridos somáticos de citros e reação à infecção por Phytophthora nicotianae e vírus da tristeza dos citros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-05072005-145602/.
Full textSomatic hybridization is a new alternative in citric species breeding, yielding somatic hybrids which may integrally keep the genetic combination of both progenitors involved in the hybridization. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the propagation and growth of somatic hybrids parental combinations with potential to be used as rootstock and to verify possible resistance/tolerance to trunk and roots infection by Phytophthora nicotianae and citrus tristeza virus (CTV). This work applied the following somatic hybrids: 'Cravo' lemon + sour orange, 'Caipira' orange + 'Cravo' lemon, 'Caipira' orange + 'Cleopatra' tangerine, 'Caipira' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon, 'Caipira' orange + 'Rough' lemon, 'Cleopatra' tangerine + 'Volkamerian' lemon, 'Cleopatra' tangerine + sour orange, 'Cravo' lemon + 'Sunki' tangerine, 'Ruby Blood' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon, 'Rohde Red' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon and 'Valência' orange + Fortunella obovata. In hybrids propagation, stem cuttings of approximately 15 cm length were excised from matrix plants of respective somatic hybrids and submmited to rooting in intermitent nebulization chamber for 100 days. Later, the stem cuttings root system and air part were analyzed. In sequence, they were transplanted to plastic bags, conduced in only one hast and kept in greenhouse during 210 days, when monthly evaluations were performed concerning the air part and, in the end, root system evaluations. For the Phytophthora nicotianae and CTV infection essays, plants derived from the respective somatic hybrids originated from stem cuttings were used, as well as control plants. For the resistance/tolerance to P. nicotianae analysis, the needle method for the trunk infection test was applied, being the lesions quantified after 25 days post-inoculation. For the roots and radicels flashening test, substrate was infected with pathogen structures and the air part of the plants was analyzed at every 15 days; roots were analyzed 60 days after the essay implementation. To evaluate the somatic hybrids tolerance to CTV, it was adopted the method of tissues union (grafting), where the air part of the plants was analyzed once a month in three evaluations. On the stem cuttings rooting, the hybrids of 'Caipira' orange + 'Cleopatra' tangerine, 'Caipira' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon, 'Cravo' lemon + 'Sunki' tangerine and 'Rohde Red' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon presented the best results, with the hybrids of 'Caipira' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon and 'Rohde Red' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon being the top concerning the stem cuttings development after transplanting. The somatic hybrids of 'Cleopatra' tangerine + sour orange, 'Cravo' lemon + 'Sunki' tangerine, 'Cleopatra' tangerine + 'Volkamerian' lemon, 'Ruby Blood' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon, 'Rohde Red' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon and 'Caipira' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon showed good results related to reducing the trunk flashening, and the somatic hybrids of 'Cleopatra' tangerine + 'Volkamerian' lemon, 'Cleopatra' tangerine + sour orange, 'Caipira' orange + 'Volkamerian' lemon and 'Caipira' orange + 'Cravo' lemon presented tolerance to roots and radicels flashening caused by P. nicotianae. The hybrids of 'Cleopatra' tangerine + sour orange and 'Valência' orange + Fortunella obovata showed to be intolerant to citrus tristeza virus.
Pereira, Juliana Aparecida. "Resposta de genótipos de citros à leprose e variabilidade genética da ORF p29 do vírus da leprose dos citros C (CiLV-C)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-31052012-082524/.
Full textViruses have, potentially, broad genetic variability because of their need to adapt to several changes that they are exposed to. Therefore, genetic variability is essential for their survival; it is the first step to adapt to a new host, to break resistance down, to change symptoms and virulence, which justifies the interest in studies in this area. These studies consist in a great tool for a better understanding on the virus evolution and the search for a proper management of viral diseases. Hence, it was aimed to study the genetic variability of ORF p29 from CiLV-C in order to generate relevant information about the pathosystem and the predominance of isolates with possible implications on the epidemiology of the disease and its management in the field, besides a better understanding on the evolution of this virus, which has never been explored before. In this work, we evaluated citrus plants and potential hosts for CiLV-C. The results suggest that the plants of Cravo, Tardia da Sicília, Cleopatra, and Vermelha mandarin, Ortanique tangor, Sour orange and spiderwort are susceptible to the disease and can also serve as sources of inoculum of the virus to citrus. Siciliano lemon, Rangpur, Tahiti, and Mexican limes, and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia were resistant to the disease, but not to the colonization of the mite vector. Malvaviscus arboreus and Solanum violaefolium plants did not present symptoms, but can be considered possible sources of CiLV-C inoculum to citrus plants. In addition, we evaluated the response of 62 mandarin genotypes and their hybrids to the disease. Fifteen of them were considered resistant and could be used in breeding programs with the objective to reduce the use of pesticides to control the vector. Low genetic variability was found amongst CiLV-C isolates, regardless of the host or geographic region; however, the São José do Rio Preto isolate was the most divergent and the changes in nucleotides were transmitted to the other hosts. Further studies should be conducted before unquestionable conclusions can be drawn from this issue, but the results obtained here have opened a new range of possibilities for future studies in this area so far almost unexplored.
Alexandrino, André Vessoni. "Clonagem, expressão heteróloga e caracterização parcial da trealase periplasmática de Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri e do seu envolvimento com a fitopatogenicidade." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7735.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Citrus canker imposes damages to citriculture by causing drop in productivity and fruit quality and the absence of effective control and cure. Thus, the economic potential of citrus is limited in part by this disease mainly caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (XAC) that presents the greatest virulence and broad spectrum of citrus hosts, compared to bacteria Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii types B (XauB) and C (XauC). In a proteomic analysis previously performed by our research group, periplasmic trehalase was identified as a protein which expression differed between XAC e XauC in an in vitro induction of pathogenicity. Trehalase is an enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis reaction of trehalose, a disaccharide composed of two glucose units, which role in the plant-pathogen interaction is poorly understood. One of the objectives of the study was to obtain this enzyme in purified form using an IPTG-inducible heterologous expression system in E. coli, for purposes of partial characterization of its structure and activity. The recombinant XAC periplasmic trehalase is a monomer bearing wide pH stability and showed Michaelian kinetics. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for trehalose was 0,124 ± 0,015 mM and Vmax 17,319 ± 0,035 μMol glucose.min-1.mg protein-1 . Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated the following composition of secondary structures: 42.7% α-helices and 13% β-sheets. A gene knockout method based on double homologous recombination between the genomic DNA and suicide vector pNPTS138 has made possible to obtain a strain deleted in the gene encoding the periplasmic trehalase (XACΔ0604), which enabled to evaluate the relationship between this gene and the XAC pathogenicity in Citrus aurantifolia. Infiltrated leaves with XACΔ0604 showed drenching and necrosis of plant tissue and intense brownish pustules compared with wild XAC, suggesting greater virulence of the mutant strain. The periplasmic trehalase activity was compared in XAC and XauC cell extracts from two culture mediums, non-pathogenicity-inducing (CN) and pathogenicity-inducing (XAM-M). Interestingly, XauC has showed higher enzyme activity compared to XAC in XAM-M. Thus, the noticeable higher XACΔ0604 pathogenicity and the greater activity of XauC periplasmic trehalase compared to XAC are indicatives that trehalose may promote pathogenicity.
O cancro cítrico impõe prejuízos ao setor citricultor por ocasionar queda na produtividade e qualidade dos frutos e pela ausência de medidas eficazes de controle e cura. Assim, o potencial econômico dos citros é limitado, em parte, por essa doença causada principalmente pela bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (XAC), que apresenta maior virulência e largo espectro de hospedeiros cítricos, comparativamente às bactérias Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. aurantifolii tipos B (XauB) e C (XauC). Em um trabalho de análise proteômica anteriormente realizado por nosso grupo de pesquisa, a trealase periplasmática foi identificada como uma proteína cuja expressão foi diferencial entre XAC e XauC, em condição de indução da patogenicidade in vitro. A trealase é uma enzima que catalisa a reação de hidrólise da trealose, um dissacarídeo formado por duas unidades de glicose, cujo papel na interação planta-patógeno é ainda pouco compreendido. Um dos objetivos do trabalho foi obter esta enzima purificada, utilizando um sistema de expressão heteróloga induzível por IPTG (isopropil-β-D-tiogalactosídeo) em E. coli, para fins de caracterização parcial da sua estrutura e atividade. A trealase periplasmática de XAC de origem heteróloga apresentou-se como um monômero relativamente estável em relação ao pH, e de cinética Michaeliana,. A constante de Michaelis-Menten (Km) da enzima para a trealose foi de 0,124 ± 0,015 mM e a Vmáx 17,319 ± 0,035 μMol de glicose.min-1.mg de proteína-1. Análise de dicroísmo circular resultou na seguinte composição de estruturas secundárias: 42,7 % de α-hélices e 13 % de folhas-β. Uma metodologia de nocaute gênico baseada na dupla recombinação homóloga entre o DNA genômico e o vetor suicida pNPTS138 viabilizou a obtenção de uma linhagem mutante deletada no gene que codifica a trealase periplasmática (XAC∆0604), o que possibilitou avaliar a relação entre tal gene e a patogenicidade de XAC em Citrus aurantifolia. Folhas infiltradas com a suspensão de XAC∆0604 apresentaram maior encharcamento e necrose do tecido vegetal, além de intensas pústulas acastanhadas quando comparadas com as folhas infiltradas com XAC selvagem, sugerindo maior virulência da linhagem mutante. A atividade da trealase periplasmática foi comparada em extratos celulares brutos provenientes de cultivos de XAC e XauC em dois meios de cultura, não-indutor de patogenicidade (CN) e indutor de patogenicidade (XAM- M). A bactéria XauC apresentou maior atividade enzimática de trealase em relação à XAC em XAM-M. Sendo assim, a acentuada patogenicidade de XAC∆0604 em relação à linhagem selvagem XAC e a maior atividade da trealase periplasmática de XauC em relação à XAC reforçam os recentes trabalhos que indicam a trealose como promotora da patogenicidade em fitopatógenos.
Paoli, Luis Gustavo de. "Transformação genética de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) com o gene cecropin MB39 e avaliação de plantas transgênicas inoculadas com Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-29102007-105559/.
Full textThe production of genetically modified plants has become an important biotechnological tool, contributing with breeding programs. Transgenic plants expressing antibacterial peptides genes are a good alternative for breeding programs aiming to obtain bacterial resistance. Cecropin is a peptide isolated from an insect, which presents antibacterial effect against several bacteria including the citrus variegated chlorosis in which the causal agent is Xylella fastidiosa. This work had two objectives: 1) genetically transform 'Hamlin' and 'Pêra' sweet oranges scions with the cecropin MB39 gene under the control of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene promoter, cloned from citrus (CsPP) and from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPP). This promoter confers gene expression within the xylem vessels. Obtain transgenic plants of 'Hamlin' and 'Valência' sweet oranges with the GUS gene under the control of the AtPP promoter. 2) Evaluate the resistance to Xylella fastidiosa of 'Valência' sweet orange plants transformed with the cecropin MB39 gene. Co-culture of explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to genetically transform in vitro plants (epicotyl segments) and greenhouse plants (internodal segments). A. tumefaciens strain EHA-105 containing the CsPPCEC/2201, AtPPCEC/2201 or AtPP-GUS/2201 binary vectors were used for transformation. Culture medium containing the antibiotic kanamycin was used for selection of transformed buds. Confirmation of transgenesis was carried out by GUS assays, PCR and Southern blot analysis. Regenerated buds were in vitro grafted on non-transgenic 'Carrizo' citrange or 'Hamlin' sweet orange rootstocks. Transformed buds were obtained for all cultivars, however plant regeneration was only obtained for 'Hamlin' sweet orange transformed with vectors CsPPCEC/2201, AtPPCEC/2201 and AtPP-GUS/2201. Nine 'Valência' sweet orange plants transformed with the cecropin MB39 gene were selected for the Xylella fastidiosa resistance experiment. Four transgenic lines were controlled by the CsPP promoter and the other five lines were controlled by the CaMV 35S promoter. These transgenic lines were graft propagated and mechanically inoculated with Xylella fastidiosa. Primary isolations and bacterial quantifications were conducted on the fourth and tenth month after inoculation in order to detect inoculation efficiency and bacterial systemic movement. Leaf symptom evaluations were executed eight months after inoculations. The bacterial isolation results from the fourth month indicated that inoculations were successful, since bacterial growth could be detected in the majority of culture mediums. Systemic movement of bacteria within the plants was detected after ten months. From the nine transgenic lines tested, one presented reduced pathogen growth when compared to controls indicating resistance. Transgenic lines did not differ from controls regarding leaf symptoms.
Almeida, Weliton Antonio Bastos de. "Caracterização anatômica da organogênese in vitro e transformação genética via Agrobacterium tumefaciens em Citrus sp." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-05022003-095258/.
Full textGenetic transformation has been more frequently associated with conventional genetic breeding programs of different species. It allows for the introduction of exogenous gene(s) into the plant genome, with the possibility of altering specific characteristics. Thus, it can be an important tool for Citrus conventional breeding programs, which present several limitations imposed by the characteristics of the reproductive biology of this genus. For the success of the transformation system, however, the previous establishment of an efficient in vitro regeneration system is required. The objective of this research was to define in vitro culture conditions for the organogenesis and genetic transformation of Hamlin, Pera, Valencia and Natal sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) with the anatomical characterization of the process. Initially, the optimization of the in vitro organogenesis process and plant recovery was attempted using epicotyl segments as explants. For organogenesis induction, the explants were placed in MT culture medium supplemented with BAP (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0; 3.5; 4.0 or 4.5 mg.L -1 ). The percent of responsive explants and the number of adventitious shoots per explant (> 1.0 cm) were evaluated. The shoots were transferred to rooting media, consisting of MT medium supplemented with NAA or IBA, or absence of auxin. The best BAP concentration for organogenesis induction was 1.0 mg.L -1 for the sweet oranges and between 0.5 and 2.5 mg.L -1 for Rangpur lime. The best rooting medium was MT with 1.0 mg.L -1 IBA for all the cultivars. Anatomical analysis was done to describe the optimized culture conditions. Adventitious buds originated endogenously from meristematic regions of the vascular cambium, characterizing a direct organogenesis. Studies were also done to analyze the genetic transformation of the sweet orange cultivars Natal and Valencia and Rangpur lime via Agrobacterium. Several experiments were installed to define the period of Agrobacterium inoculation and co-cultivation, the presence or absence of acetoseryngone, the temperature of incubation and the explant condition (with or without a longitudinal cut). Transgenic plants were obtained using an inoculation period of 20 minutes and co-cultivation for 3 days at 23-27 °C in absence of acetoseryngone in the culture medium. Finally, a study of organogenesis induction, histological characterization and genetic transformation from internodal segments of mature plants of sweet orange cultivars Hamlin, Pera, Valencia and Natal was conducted. Organogenesis was induced in DBA3 modified medium supplemented with 1.0 mg.L -1 BAP and 0.5 mg.L -1 NAA. Histological analysis showed that the adventitious buds formed indirectly from the callus formed by successive cell divisions from the vascular cambium. Transgenic plants from mature tissue of Hamlin and Valencia sweet oranges were obtained using one day of co-cultivation at 24°C with or without the longitudinal sectioning of the explant for Hamlin and only when the explant was longitudinally sectioned for Valencia.
Souza, Layanne Batista. "Mapeamento genético de híbridos intraespecíficos de laranja doce [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], obtidos por cruzamentos controlados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-22112010-163513/.
Full textDespite the prominence of the citrus sector in São Paulo and Brazil, there is a serious vulnerability for the cultivation of orange, which is guided by the use of a few commercial varieties. Orange breeding programs that make use of controlled breeding are hampered mainly by the problems of polyembryony and the presence of long juvenile cycle, which impair the obtainment of hybrid plants through controlled crossings as well as taking a long time for the conclusion of a cycle of recombination and selection. The goal of this study was the construction of a linkage map using a population of 144 hybrids from crosses between Tobias sweet orange (CN 1392 and CN 1393), which present short juvenile cycle, and Pêra-de-Abril sweet orange, variety with monoembryonic seeds. The linkage map was constructed based on molecular markers SSR and TRAP using two softwares (JoinMap and Onemap). The genetic map obtained by JoinMap showed 85 (61%) markers arranged in 13 linkage groups totalizing 634cM, with the distance between adjacent markers ranging from 0 to 29 cM. The sizes of individual linkage groups ranged from 8-85 cM and a total of 55 (39%) markers could not be linked to the map. With the software OneMap 87 (62%) markers were linked in 16 linkage groups, totalizing 1.100 cM, with the distances between adjacent markers ranging from 0 to 36 cM. The sizes of individual linkage groups ranged from 8-205 cM. A total of 53 (38%) markers could not be linked on the map. The mark related to flowering, which is the phenotypic character of interest, was found using the software OneMap. There was similarity between the linkage maps of intraspecific hybrids of sweet orange built with JoinMap and OneMap softwares. The distinction found was mainly due to the markers with segregation distortion
Attílio, Lísia Borges. "Transformação genética de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) com o gene D4E1 dirigido pelos promotores CaMV35S ou AtPP2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-23042013-162934/.
Full textBrazil is the largest sweet orange producer in the world. The history of the Brazilian citrus industry is marked by a series of diseases caused by different etiologic agents. Among the diseases affecting the culture, those caused by bacteria are the ones that have caused more significant losses, especially the citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, and huanglongbing (HLB) associated with three \"Candidatus Liberibacter\" bacteria species. Due to the absence of genetic resistance to these diseases in commercial sweet orange cultivars, the genetic transformation is a promising alternative to produce resistant plants. One of the strategies to produce transgenic resistant plants to bacteria is the use of genes that code for antimicrobial peptides, such as D4E1, a antimicrobial synthetic peptide, which has shown efficient results controlling diseases caused by bacteria and fungi in several crops, through in vitro and in vivo experiments. The aim of this study was to produce \'Hamlin\', \'Pêra\' and \'Valencia\' sweet orange transgenic plants, via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, expressing the D4E1 gene driven by the constitutive promoter Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV35S) or Arabidopsis thaliana phloem protein 2 (AtPP2), a promoter preferentially expressed in the phloem. It was possible to regenerate 13 \'Hamlin\' transgenic lines, 10 \'Pêra\' transgenic lines and 8 \'Valencia\' transgenic lines bearing the gene construct CaMV35S/D4E1, whereas 19 \'Hamlin\' transgenic lines, 6 \'Pêra\' transgenic lines and 15 \'Valencia\' transgenic lines bearing the AtPP2/D4E1 gene construct were regenerated. The transgenic plants had one to three T-DNA insertion events in the genome. The transgene expression levels in transgenic plants for D4E1 gene driven by the phloem preferential promoter were lower than the transgenic expression levels of the transgene driven by the constitutive promoter. Transgene expression levels results may allow the selection of those plants with higher expression levels of each genetic construct for future multiplication and evaluation for citrus canker and HLB resistance.
Porto, Marília de Paula [UNESP]. "Ação moduladora do citral e eugenol em eventos genéticos em magrófagos murinos in vitro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92460.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Devido a propriedades terapêuticas, várias plantas e seus constituintes químicos vêm sendo muitas vezes utilizados como o primeiro recurso para o tratamento de diversas doenças. Nesse contexto, compostos isolados de plantas têm sido alvos de inúmeros estudos que avaliam, além da atividade, seus possíveis mecanismos de ação. Dentre os compostos com potencial quimioprotetor, o citral e o eugenol merecem atenção devido suas estruturas químicas de monoterpeno e de composto fenólico, respectivamente, e por seus potenciais anti-inflamatório, antiparasitário e antioxidante. Considerando que mutação no DNA pode ser a primeira etapa de várias doenças, e que lesões induzidas nessa molécula podem ser prevenidas ou moduladas por compostos naturais, este estudo objetivou avaliar, pelo teste do cometa, o potencial genotóxico do citral (25, 50 e 100 Tg/mL) e do eugenol (0,31, 0,62, 1,24 e 2,48 Tg/mL), após diferentes tempos de tratamento (6, 10, 24 e 30 h) e, também, seus possíveis efeitos moduladores sobre danos induzidos no DNA pela doxorrubicina (DOX), em diferentes protocolos de tratamento (pré, pós e simultaneamente à DOX) e momentos de análise (12, 24 e 36 h), em macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos. Além disso, foi avaliado o potencial toxicogenômico do citral e do eugenol por meio da modulação da expressão dos genes NF-kB1, COX-2 e TNF-α (relacionados a processos inflamatórios) em macrófagos ativados ou não por lipopolissacarideo de bactéria (LPS). Os resultados mostraram que ambos os compostos apresentaram potencial genotóxico. No caso do citral, a genotoxicidade foi observada para as duas maiores concentrações, mas apenas no tempo de 6h; para o eugenol, o aumento de danos no DNA foi detectado para todas as concentrações, em pelo menos um momento de análise. Com relação ao potencial...
Because of the therapeutic properties, several plants and their chemical constituents have been used for treatment of various diseases. Therefore, isolated compounds from plants have been targets of numerous studies that evaluate their activity and mechanisms of action. Among compounds with chemopreventive potential, citral and eugenol have gain attention because of their chemical structures, monoterpene and phenol,respectively, and for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiparasitic potentials. Since DNA mutation is the first step for some diseases, and since the lesions induced in this molecule can be prevented or modulated by natural compounds, aim of the present study was first to evaluate the genotoxic potential of citral (25, 50 and 100 Tg/mL) and eugenol (0.31, 0.62, 1.24 and 2.48 Tg/mL) at different times after exposure (6, 10, 24 and 30 h), and then, their ability to modulate DNA damage induced by doxorubicin (DOX) at different treatment protocols (pre, post and simultaneous with DOX) and times (12, 24 and 36 h) in mice peritoneal macrophages. In addition, the toxicogenomic potential of citral and eugenol by modulating the expression of NF-KB1, COX-2 and TNF-α (related to inflammatory processes) genes in macrophages activated or not by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was also investigated. The results showed that both compounds have genotoxic potential. In the case of citral, genotoxicity was observed for the two major concentrations, but only 6h after the exposure. For eugenol, increased DNA damage was detected for all concentrations, in at least one moment of analysis. Related to the antigenotoxicity, both citral and eugenol presented protective effects at different concentrations and treatment protocols, and the more effective activities were detected at simultaneous and pre-treatment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Porto, Marília de Paula. "Ação moduladora do citral e eugenol em eventos genéticos em magrófagos murinos in vitro /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92460.
Full textCoorientador: Glenda Nicioli da Silva
Banca: Luís Fernando Barbisan
Banca: Denise Crispim Tavares
Resumo: Devido a propriedades terapêuticas, várias plantas e seus constituintes químicos vêm sendo muitas vezes utilizados como o primeiro recurso para o tratamento de diversas doenças. Nesse contexto, compostos isolados de plantas têm sido alvos de inúmeros estudos que avaliam, além da atividade, seus possíveis mecanismos de ação. Dentre os compostos com potencial quimioprotetor, o citral e o eugenol merecem atenção devido suas estruturas químicas de monoterpeno e de composto fenólico, respectivamente, e por seus potenciais anti-inflamatório, antiparasitário e antioxidante. Considerando que mutação no DNA pode ser a primeira etapa de várias doenças, e que lesões induzidas nessa molécula podem ser prevenidas ou moduladas por compostos naturais, este estudo objetivou avaliar, pelo teste do cometa, o potencial genotóxico do citral (25, 50 e 100 Tg/mL) e do eugenol (0,31, 0,62, 1,24 e 2,48 Tg/mL), após diferentes tempos de tratamento (6, 10, 24 e 30 h) e, também, seus possíveis efeitos moduladores sobre danos induzidos no DNA pela doxorrubicina (DOX), em diferentes protocolos de tratamento (pré, pós e simultaneamente à DOX) e momentos de análise (12, 24 e 36 h), em macrófagos peritoneais de camundongos. Além disso, foi avaliado o potencial toxicogenômico do citral e do eugenol por meio da modulação da expressão dos genes NF-kB1, COX-2 e TNF-α (relacionados a processos inflamatórios) em macrófagos ativados ou não por lipopolissacarideo de bactéria (LPS). Os resultados mostraram que ambos os compostos apresentaram potencial genotóxico. No caso do citral, a genotoxicidade foi observada para as duas maiores concentrações, mas apenas no tempo de 6h; para o eugenol, o aumento de danos no DNA foi detectado para todas as concentrações, em pelo menos um momento de análise. Com relação ao potencial... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Because of the therapeutic properties, several plants and their chemical constituents have been used for treatment of various diseases. Therefore, isolated compounds from plants have been targets of numerous studies that evaluate their activity and mechanisms of action. Among compounds with chemopreventive potential, citral and eugenol have gain attention because of their chemical structures, monoterpene and phenol,respectively, and for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiparasitic potentials. Since DNA mutation is the first step for some diseases, and since the lesions induced in this molecule can be prevented or modulated by natural compounds, aim of the present study was first to evaluate the genotoxic potential of citral (25, 50 and 100 Tg/mL) and eugenol (0.31, 0.62, 1.24 and 2.48 Tg/mL) at different times after exposure (6, 10, 24 and 30 h), and then, their ability to modulate DNA damage induced by doxorubicin (DOX) at different treatment protocols (pre, post and simultaneous with DOX) and times (12, 24 and 36 h) in mice peritoneal macrophages. In addition, the toxicogenomic potential of citral and eugenol by modulating the expression of NF-KB1, COX-2 and TNF-α (related to inflammatory processes) genes in macrophages activated or not by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was also investigated. The results showed that both compounds have genotoxic potential. In the case of citral, genotoxicity was observed for the two major concentrations, but only 6h after the exposure. For eugenol, increased DNA damage was detected for all concentrations, in at least one moment of analysis. Related to the antigenotoxicity, both citral and eugenol presented protective effects at different concentrations and treatment protocols, and the more effective activities were detected at simultaneous and pre-treatment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Guidolin, Aline Sartori. "Diversidade genética de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) e caracterização molecular das linhagens de Wolbachia associadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-07022012-094534/.
Full textDiaphorina citri Kuwayama, 1908 (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is an exotic insect in Brazil, first recorded in the 40s. Although it causes direct damage, D. citri only received attention as a pest in 2004, when the \"Huanglonbing\" (HLB) disease was confirmed infecting citrus in Brazil, and subsequently related to D. citri as vector. Currently, there is no cure for diseased plants, and the management of HLB is based on the removal of infected trees and psyllid control, which is based on classical biological control, natural predation and chemical control. However, the continuous use of pesticides is always problematic due to the imbalance it can cause in agrosystems. Therefore, investigations on the populations structure of D. citri in Brazil and possible alternative measures for vector/disease control or management are highly desired. Thus, this study was aimed to i) evaluate the intra and interpopulation genetic diversity of D. citri and verify the existence of population structuring in Brazil, especially in the main citrus producing region of the country, ii) determine the natural rate of infection and characterize the Wolbachia strains associated with different populations of D. citri and iii) investigate the relationship among host haplotypes and the strains of Wolbachia, in order to provide data for the alternative control of this vector. The analysis of genetic diversity was done using the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene as a molecular marker. The fixation rates F calculated indicated the presence of genetic structure, while the molecular diversity indices pointed to a recent population expansion of D. citri in Brazil. The multilocus sequence typing analysis (\"multilocus sequencing typing - MLST\") for Wolbachia demonstrated the presence of five new sequence-types (STs = 173, 174, 175, 225 and 236), while only four were identified when using the wsp sequences as markers. The ST-173 was the predominant ST associated with D. citri, being present in all populations, while others were specific to certain populations. Analysis of the hostsymbiont relationship did not reveal the existence of specific interactions between host haplotypes and the STs of Wolbachia, or the decrease of nucleotide diversity of D. citri in populations infected by more than one ST. The effects of Wolbachia diversity on the host bioecology are still unknown, but the fact that Wolbachia is fixed in all populations and that there is a ST broadly distributed throughout the D. citri populations highlights the use of Wolbachia for the development of alternative strategies to control D. citri.
Bueno, Danilo. "Avaliação de riboswitch theo/metE para silenciamento gênico em Xanthomonas citri /." Rio Claro, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/155005.
Full textCoorientador:Danielle Biscaro Pedrolli
Banca: Karen Cristiane Martinez de Moraes
Banca: Paula Maria Moreira Martins
Resumo: Estudos genéticos em qualquer organismo requerem ferramentas eficazes para se alterar a expressão gênica. Dentre estas, os riboswitches oferecem uma alternativa bastante atrativa para modulação da expressão de genes de interesse, onde é possível ligar e desligar tais genes sem a remoção dos mesmos dos genomas. Esta alternativa permite o estudo direto de um gene e a avaliação da sua falta (quando desligado ou "OFF"), bem como permite o reestabelecimento do selvagem sem a necessidade da complementação padrão (estado "ON"). Na busca por melhores condições de caracterização genética e do desenvolvimento de ferramentas dedicadas para estudos de genes essenciais ou de difícil caracterização em Xanthomonas citri, avaliamos o uso de um sistema de riboswitch theo/metE para o controle de expressão gênica nesta bactéria. A caracterização propriamente dita foi realizada alterando-se a expressão dos genes parB e α- amilase. O sucesso destas estratégias permitiu o silenciamento dos genes parB e e α-amilase, e ainda, foi possível observar que a inibição da transcrição do gene α-amilase refletiu em um decaimento da enzima α-amilase estando o riboswitch theo/metE na presença de seu metabólito alvo, a teofilina. Os resultados indicam que o riboswitch theo/metE utilizado neste estudo é uma ferramenta genética em potencial para silenciamento gênico em Xac
Abstract: Genetic studies in any organism requires effective tools to change gene expression. Among these, the riboswitches offer a very attractive alternative to modulation of the expression of genes of interest, where it is possible to turn on and turn off such genes without removing them from the genomes. This alternative allows the direct study of a gene and the evaluation of its lack (when disconnected or "off"), as well as it allows the reestablishment without the necessity of the standard complementation (state "ON"). In the search for better conditions of genetic characterization and the development of tools dedicated to studies of essential genes or of difficult characterization in Xanthomonas citri, we evaluate the use of a system of riboswitch theo/metE for the control of gene expression in this bacteria. The characterization itself was performed by altering the expression of the parB and α-amylase genes. The success of these strategies allowed the silencing of parB and α-amylase genes, and it was also possible to observe that the inhibition of the transcription of the α-amylase gene reflected in a decay of the α-amylase enzyme while the riboswitch theo/metE in the presence of his target metabolite, theophylline. The results indicate that the riboswitch theo/metE used in this study is a potential genetic tool for gene silencing in XAC
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