Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Citoyenneté – Aspect économique – Pays de l'Union européenne'
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Hemery, Marie. "Citoyenneté fiscale et droit de l'Union européenne : de la protection européenne du contribuable national au consentement de l'impôt européen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 12, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA120002.
Full textThe European protection of the national taxpayer has an impact on tax citizenship as a principle of tax legitimisation. The national conception of tax duty based on the political participation of the citizen in his consent, through his representatives, is confronted with the European conception of tax duty based on the protection of the taxpayer, as the holder of freedom of movement, and aimed at favouring the construction of an economic area without borders. However, the study of these interactions shows that the relationship between European integration and tax citizenship should not be seen as a unilateral process whose only consequence would be the weakening of the latter, but as a transversal process where the effects of the enforcement of EU law on tax citizenship have a retroactive effect on the degree of European tax integration and, beyond, on the political organisation of the European Union. This observation invites us to study how these conflicting relations could, following the federal logic, be solved through the creation of a European tax consented by the European citizens themselves
Farkas, Peter. "Le sport saisi par l'Union européenne." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0019.
Full textToday the social, economic and cultural importance of sport is well known in whole Europe. The associative form is the basis of sport organizations all over the world. The importance of sport in economy is more and more significant. The interventions of European policy tend to increase in the world of sport, which is organized according to its own rules. Historically, the Council of Europe was the first institution who has shown a real interest for sport. In the European Union sport activities used to be regarded earlier initially from economic point of view. The word “sport“ doesn't appear in the principal European treaties. Recent incidents (the Bosman's effect, doping. . . ) suggest the requirement of a new approach to sport. The European institutions elaborated several programs and initiatives for the development of the sport. After the ratifications the word sport will appear in the European Constitution
Petkantchin, Valentin. "Fédéralisme européen versus Union européenne : un essai en analyse économique des institutions." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX32013.
Full textThe theme of the Ph. D. Thesis is the institutional and organizational phenomenon in the European Union (EU) and its eastern widening which are studied from the point of view of the institutional economic analysis. The author presents a critical assessment of the mainstream economic analysis which legitimates the European political organizations by the existence of public goods and externalities. An alternative and proprietarist approach of the European market is proposed where a demand of institutions is identified. This demand exists because of the lack of i) property rights and freedom to contract outside but also inside of the nation States and of ii) social rules about the goods of collective consumption. A "Public Choice" analysis of the EU points out the existence of importants costs and a centralization tendency in the European political process. .
Falcon, Morales Mónica Lizbet. "Le modèle de l'emploi européen (UE)." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA083051.
Full textIn front of increasing requirements of the economic globalization and its repercussions in the work world, the employment becomes a main preoccupation of the national policies. Employment seems a crucial subject of the European agenda, a social reference but the established common action is controversial. The unemployment and the transformations of the labor market become the great challenges of the Union. In this thesis we set out to study how, in a situation of monetary union and of unemployment rise, the EU can resolve it, through the implantation, the use and the effectiveness of a common strategy to deal with the employment. Our theoretical framework, after a survey on the various theories about the employment, and next on the theories of European integration in general, displays a short history of the emergence of employment like subject in the European set. We specify the events of the Nineties, during which a European reference frame for the treatment of the use of the Member States is built, at the years two thousand where employment becomes a privileged political tool of legitimacy of the Union. Our framework finishes with the analysis of the effectiveness of the establishment of a "European employment model", i. E. A cognitive framework proposed to the Member States, in order to optimize the management of its Employment Policy. We add the analysis of some convergences and differences of Spain, France and the United Kingdom, which enable us to examine limited in which the "model" can influence the form and the contents of each national policy
Favre, Mélanie. "Les contextes juridique et socio-économique des spécialités pharmaceutiques destinées à l'automédication." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P052.
Full textDaniel, Karine. "Politique agricole et localisation des activités dans l'Union européenne : une analyse en économie géographique." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010042.
Full textLe, Roux David. "Les enjeux de la traduction dans une Europe plurilingue." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIL281.
Full textEurope may have fewer languages than other continents, but it remains highly multilingual at all levels. The European Union even runs the largest language services in the world, working today in 23 official languages. At the level of states, a translation activity can be observed among institutions too. Spain is an interesting example of it because it has six regions where four languages other than the national one are equally official: Basque, Catalan, Galician and Aranese. Besides international relationships and migrations, the Spanish state must therefore manage this autochthonous multilingualism. In the officially multilingual regions, there are also institutional translation units that can be compared to Brittany’s. Indeed the Regional Council of Brittany has recently established a language policy for Breton and Gallo. These institutional translation and interpretation units are an adequate field to study the activity. The system is regularly criticised because of its cost. But what are really those costs? And what can justify them? How does the service benefit institutions, elected representatives and citizens and why should this be defended through translation? This is how the ins and outs of translation will be accounted for in the present thesis. It results in distinguishing economic, sociolinguistic, glottopolitical and political stakes to which translation brings an invaluable contribution
Aumand, Anthony. "Quelle politique de multifonctionnalité économiquement efficace pour l'Union européenne ?" Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0032.
Full textNikitsenka, Veselina. "Les enjeux de l'élargissement de l'Union européenne pour le transport de marchandises en Europe." Paris 12, 2007. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990004049680204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe 1 of may 2004 ten additional member states joined the European Union. The enlargement of Europe consists in opportunities but also in challenges for the economy in general and for the transport sector in particular. This research, based on the available litterature and the original inquiries in the countries among the administrations and the companies, tries to analyse the situation of the road goods transport market organization in the new member states. The work shows that even if the enlargement had firstly a large effect on the NMS, especially by growth of the changes, the western countries have also the consequences. The arrival on the transport market of the competitors with comparative advantages is perceived like a threat. The enlargement raises several important problems, in particular the absence of the harmonization in the european level. On the other hand, this event makes possible the new markets opportunities, especially for the powerful companies having larger possibilities of internationalization. If is reached an important stage of the transport market construction integrated in a european level where the companies must build their transport offer and develop their networks under the new conditions. The issue of the dissertation satisfies the needs of the National federation of the road transport, which hosted this project. Thus, an academic research can provide practical answers to a professional organisation about prospects and issues to be taken into account
Brun, Emmanuelle. "La prise en charge de la perte d'autonomie au grand âge en France et chez nos voisins européens, une analyse du point de vue de l'éthique économique et sociale." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA111025.
Full textMayet, Céline. "Les aspects économiques du processus juridique d'adhésion des pays d'Europe centrale et orientale à l'Union Européenne." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33040.
Full textBarbier-Gauchard, Amélie. "Essais sur le fédéralisme budgéaire dans l'UEM : externalités et interactions stratégiques entre gouvernements." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE0501.
Full textAlves, Carlos-Manuel. "La protection intégrée de l'environnement en droit communautaire." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40006.
Full textIn the face of increasingly significant ecological imbalances, the question of the relationship between the environment and economic development has become international. The integration or the integrated protection of the environment seeks to es ablish equilibrium between these two essential needs. Its consist of placing environmental considerations in development policies. Taking account of its call, the European Community, regional organisation for. . . Economic integration, could not stay in the background of such a movement. Integration has taken the form of a legal duty in the treatry. .
Lennuyeux-Comnene, Elsa. "Droit de substitution : quels enjeux pour quels acteurs du système de santé ?" Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P167.
Full textMartin, Laurence. "La stratégie de Lisbonne et l'économie de l'éducation : vers l'émergence d'un cadre juridique européen des services de l'éducation ?" Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT4001.
Full textThe European Union, during the Lisbon European Council of March 23rd and 24th, 2000, adopted the strategic objective to become “the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world”, thus placing education from the point of view of economic growth, in particular, to take advantage from the international market of the services of education. A “Community standard” of the service of education has gradually emerged, thus altering the allocation of competences between the European Union and the Member States provided for in treaty EC on the matter. The European Union impels, indeed, within the framework of the Strategy of Lisbon, a harmonization of national laws relating to the organization of the education systems by the means of the open method of coordination. In a cumulative way, the Court of Justice of the European Communities extends the Community scope as regards education by adopting an extensive interpretation of the vocational training to the detriment of the concept of education; in addition, it recognizes the legal existence of the economic services of the education which it subjects to Community freedoms. This legal evolution questions on the possible emergence of an European education system, whose legal legitimacy would be economic, likely to modify the French law
Hauray, Boris. "L'Europe du médicament : expertise, politique et intérêts privés dans la formation et le fonctionnement d'une évaluation européenne des médicaments." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0010.
Full textInglese, Marco. "L'Union Européenne et la santé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA011/document.
Full textThe thesis aims at analysing the right to health and its protection in the legal order of the European Union. The first chapter assesses EU's health competences, introduced for the first time by the Maastricht Treaty and now codified into art. 168 TFEU. It identifies some specific sectors in which the EU can act and others, as the organisation of national health systems, that remain on the scope of domestic legislation. The second chapter examines health related derogations and mandatory requirements concerning the free moment of goods, the right of establishment and the freedom to provide services. For this reason it is divided into three sections. The first is devoted to pharmaceutical products. The second analyses the mutual recognition of medical qualifications and the domestic hindrance to the establishment of health operators. The third concerns patients' mobility and how the case law of the Court of Justice has been transposed in a piece of secondary legislation. Taking into consideration the binding value of the Charter of fundamental rights, the third chapter focuses on the role of the right to health in EU law. The structure is thus consistently threefold. The first section, in the light of the few cases so far appeared, questions the existence of the right to health. In the second one, it is analysed using some international conventions in order to assess the impact of the obligations to protect, to respect and to fulfil and, eventually, the link between the principle of non-discrimination vis-á-vis the access to healthcare. The last section examines the right to informed consent in clinical trials and the donation of biological materials
Rozario, Pascale de. "Le mandat d'intégrer les jeunes en Europe : confrontation de cultures : le FSE en Finlande, en Italie et France." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0016.
Full textWhatever the systems be, 14 millions of young people would leave the initial training systems with no perspectives in terms of employment or study. In the 1990's, European Commission made this severe report while both endorsing a traditional welfare state mandate and convening national experts in order to identify the best integration practices. From 1994 to 1999, the European Social Fund policy challenged the member states on the ways they deal with a fundamental dilemma of social organization : how integrating young generations managing at the same time the structural tension that exists between social order and personal freedom ? Analyzing the social uses of this policy implies to deal with several theorical and opertional questions described through four levels of reception. Did national institutions used these funds to reform, to reinforce or to delegate this public mandate ? What kind of expert ressources the actors to whose this mandate to integrate young people is delegated did used during this programming ? What evaluation criteria have been selected ? Can we identify different cultures of this mandate for integration which characterize specific ways of treating the adressed dilemma ? Results show that these cultures are working with different major reasons that influence all the imagined solutions. To integrate someones goes through a professionnal project in France ; the participation to a social network in Italy and the restoration of a positive relationship to oneself and the society in Finland. These cultural comparisons will approach comparative methods in the light of better linking macro phenomenons (policy, institutions) to micro ones (experts, territories)
Brottes, Jérémy. "Du principe de non-discrimination au principe d'égalité en droit communautaire." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_brottes_j.pdf.
Full textThe principle of equality was introduced and developed in the Treaty on European Community as an inevitable condition for the great working of the Common market, meaning a space of free movement of goods, workers, services and capitals, and of free competitions between Member States'economic agents. The principle of non discrimination due to nationality, an economics' notion understood in its formal and material aspect, was introduced to secure equal power between member states'economic agents into the common market. With the concept of European Citizenship, European law has built a general principle of equality in order to protect the equal rights between European citizens in a space of freedom, security and justice. The European integration has permitted to raise the principle of equality as a societal value of the European Union. Therefore, the principle of equal treatment not only secure the European common market without constraint of nationality, but also protect a subjective right of being a "European Citizen", that National and European judges have to respect in the context of their relative competences
Dumont, Sylvie. "Le contentieux agricole Etats-Unis / C. E. E. : la guerre des subventions à l'exportation." Lyon 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO33007.
Full textPART I IS DEVOTED TO A PRESENTATION OF THE ASPECTS OF THE USA E. E. C AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES WAR SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE EIGHTIES: - THE CONFRONTION ON THIRD EXPORT MARKETS PROVOKED BY THE ACCUMULATION OF SURPLUS (WHEAT, DAIRY PRODUCTS, SUGAR, POULTRY MEAT) GENERATED BY THE AGRICULTURAL PRICE AND INCOME SUPPORT POLICIES AT A TIME OF DESCREASING WORLD FOOD DEMAND (CHAPTER I); - THE DISPUTE ABOUT GATT (GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE) RULES GOVERNING AGRICULTURAL EXPORT SUBSIDIES, AN INADEQUATE SET OF PROVISIONS WHICH COULD NOT ENABLE GATT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCEDURES TO SELTLE E. E. C DISPUTES with RESPECT TO EEC EXPORT REFUNDS TO WHEAT FLOUR AND PASTA (CHAPTER II). PART II ENVISAGES THE PROSPECTS OF THE DISPUTE'S FUTURE. IT STARTS WITH AN ASSESSMENT OF THE CHANCES OF A COMPROMISE (CHAPTER I) AND A PRESENTATION OF THE DIFFICULTIES TO COME TO AN ARRAGEMENT, ESSENTIALLY DUE TO THE POLITICAL POWER OF THE FARM LOBBIES IN BOTH COUNTRIES AND THE DIVERGENCES OF VIEW BETWEEN THE USA AND THE E. E. C WITH RESPECT TO INTERNATIONAL AGRICULTURAL TRADE. THIS CHAPTER ALSO EXAMINES THE FACTORS STIMULATING THE SEARCH FOR A COMPROMISE. CHAPTER II STATES THE ATTEMPT OF REACHING A COMPROMISE DURING THE GATT MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, THE URUGUAY ROUND, AND AFTER THE FAILURE OF THE BRUSSELS MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE IN DECEMBRE 1990. ENVISAGES THE POSSIBLE RESULTS OF THESE NEGOTIATIONS
Aimsiranun, Usanee. "La citoyenneté européenne et l'État providence." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863902.
Full textJaud, Mélise. "Food standards, finance and trade : five essays in international trade." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0007.
Full textThe dissertation consists of five chapters and can be divided into two parts. Part I, corresponding to chapters 1 to 4, focuses on the interplay between sanitary and phytosanitary measures and agricultural trade. Chapter 1 examines the link between the rising risk of food products and recent changes in the EU import pattern. It provides evidence that while there is a slight diversification of import sources over time, the overall trend hides diversification at the extensive margin and concentration at the intensive margin; the more so for risky products. Chapter 2 develops a model of reputation-based transactions between a buyer and a supplier in two countries. A stricter standard affects the volume of trade in two ways, directly it affects the supply of quality goods and indirectly through reputation. Chapter 3 documents the role of access to finance in determining the survival of "risky" agri-food exports for African firms. The increased availability of finance helps disproportionately more exports of products that require financing to comply with SPS requirements. Chapter 4 assesses the effectiveness of a product specific SPS-related program in promoting Senegalese firms' exports of fresh fruits and vegetables. Using a rich dataset and a wide array of approaches we find no significant impact of the program. Part II, corresponding to chapter 5, shifts focus away from the agri-food to the manufacturing sector and investigates the disciplining and allocative role of financial systems on export survival. It provides evidence that external debtholders push exporting sectors towards the use of countries' abundant factors, in compliance with the idea of comparative advantage
Demailly, Damien. "Compétitivité et fuites de carbone dans l'industrie sous politique climatique asymétrique." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0152.
Full textWithin a close economy, the economic efficiency of a tradable CO2 allowance system is maximum when all allowances are auctioned. Within an open economy, the competitiveness losses and carbon leakage challenge this efficiency for industrial sectors like cement or steel. There are two alternatives: border adjustment and output-based allocation. The former is politically sensitive but economically justified. The economic efficiency of the latter is dubious: there are many uncertainties on the magnitude of potential competitiveness losses and carbon leakage. These uncertainties are due to the lack empirical works on some key parameters and to the weakness of existing modelling works which assess these losses and leakage. Alternative modelling works lead to a better understanding of industrials dynamics but to similarly poor assessment
Amicelle, Anthony. "L'Union européenne dans la lutte contre le financement du terrorisme : enjeux et usages de la surveillance financière." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0026.
Full textThe PHD thesis is focused on the creation of European (and international) norms against money laundering and terrorist financing and the way in which they challenge state boundaries regarding mission of policing. With reference to a sociological analysis of the relations between professionals of security and professionals of finance, we are interested in the process of social construction of dirty money, the creation of European norms, the production of terrorist lists and the practices of financial surveillance
Vaz, Paralta Sara Sofia. "Longevity and saving for retirement." Paris 9, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA090022.
Full textSaving for retirement is a decision that depends on many factors. Firstly, it depends on the disposable income and future expected income. Secondly, the composition of households and the ages of individuals are determinant. Thirdly, it depends on the composition of net wealth and, finally, longevity during working life and retirement period. The life-cycle theory explains the consumption and saving decisions in function of the different phases in life. During childhood, the individual consumes and receives his education. In a second stage, the individual actively consumes, produces and saves. In a third phase, the individual uses his accumulated net wealth, including the amount of social security wealth, to finance his consumption of life-cycle during retirement. The social models ensure a substitution income and access to benefits in every stage of life, causing an impact on consumption and saving decisions. In this dissertation, saving behaviour is analysed by considering the impact of longevity in different countries representative of the various European Social Models, i. E. Sweden (Nordic Model), France (Continental Model), Portugal (Mediterranean Model) and the UK (Anglo-Saxon Model)
Monheim, Jenny. "Analyse économique du droit d'asile." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20007/document.
Full textNous étudions le processus de création de droit d'asile et son impact sur les réfugiés. Le chapitre préliminaire présente l'histoire des flux de réfugiés et du droit d'asile, la recherche sur les raisons de migration ainsi que les enjeux du sujet. Le deuxième chapitre a pour objet l'influence du droit d'asile sur les flux d'immigration de réfugiés. Nous analysons l'impact des restrictions des différents types de mesure du droit d'asile sur les décisions des réfugiés en terme d'émigration et de demande d'asile. A travers les passeurs, un impact indirect influence la taille des flux et le nombre de demandes. Le troisième chapitre décrit le choix du niveau de droit d'asile des différents niveaux de gouvernement en fonction de l'impact du droit sur les flux de réfugiés. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur la question de savoir le meilleur choix institutionnel de production du droit d'asile en Union Européenne. Tenant compte des objectifs en terme d'immigration clandestine, il compare les niveaux de droit d'asile qui seraient adoptés par les gouvernements nationaux, par le Conseil de l'Union Européenne, par le Parlement Européen, et en co-décision entre ces deux dernières institutions. Le cinquième chapitre a pour objet la structure des subventions accordées aux Etats membres par le Fonds Européen pour les Réfugiés (FER). En effet, le FER accorde une partie limitée en subventions fixes et une partie plus importante en financement complémentaire à des projets. Nous étudions l'impact des différentes subventions et de leur combinaison sur les dépenses en aide aux réfugiés en présence de coûts de transaction
Asghari, Poudeh Maryam. "Analyse des effets de la libéralisation des échanges économiques internationaux sur l'environnement : le cas des relations entre les blocs régionaux de l'UE, des pays Mediterranées (sic) en développement et du golfe persique." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE0008.
Full textThe linkage between international trade and the environment has become an important policy issue in the last few years. The objective of this thesis is the examination of liberalization trade effect on the environment, pollution haven hypothesis, Porter hypothesis and the factor endowments hypothesis. Our results show that: The commercial liberalization leads to the decrease in CO2 pollution in Persian Golf-EU region, Mediterranean and EU regions, as well as BOD pollution in Persian golf, Mediterranean and Persian Golf-EU regions. Also it decreases FC pollution in Persian Golf region, Mediterranean, Persian Golf-EU and EU-Mediterranean regions. Commercial liberalization increase the CO2 pollution in Persian Golf region and EU-Mediterranean regions, it leads also the increase in BOD pollution in EU and Persian Golf-EU regions, and FC pollution in EU region. Our results confirm the “Haven pollution hypothesis” for the CO2 pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU and EU-Mediterranean regions, and for FC pollution in in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region but our results reject the “Haven pollution hypothesis” for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region. We have not any robust empirical evidences to refuse or confirm this hypothesis for BOD and FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of EU-Mediterranean region. We empirically reject the « Porter hypothesis » for CO2 pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, Persian Golf-EU, Mediterranean and EU regions, as well as BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf region. This study confirms the « Porter hypothesis » for FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, Persian Golf-EU, EU and Mediterranean regions. In addition, it confirms this hypothesis for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Mediterranean-EU, EU and Mediterranean regions. We couldn’t obtain significant results to confirm or reject Porter Hypothesis for BOD pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf-EU region and for FC pollution in the foreign exchanges of Persian Golf region. Our results show the confirmation of « factor endowments hypothesis» for CO2 pollution in EU region and for FC pollution in Mediterranean region. Moreover we confirm this hypothesis for BOD pollution in Mediterranean and Persian Golf regions. The empirical results refuse «factor endowments hypothesis» for CO2 pollution in Mediterranean and Persian Golf regions, for BOD pollution in EU region and for FC pollution in Persian Golf and EU regions
Delabruyere, Sophie. "Une analyse économique de la formation d'un espace judiciaire civil européen." Reims, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REIME004.
Full textLa costruzione di uno spazio giudiziario europeo costituisce uno dei nuovi cantieri del processo di integrazione comunitaria europea. Ispirandosi di modelli sviluppati in economia del diritto, e di lavori di economia pubblica (in particolare, il federalismo fiscale), il lavoro quì realizzato propone un' analisi economica della formazione di uno spazio europeo di giustizia in materia civile. L'organizzazione della coesistenza di diversi sistemi nazionali di giustizia sul territorio europeo pone differenti questioni agli economisti. In particolare, interroga la pertinenza del livello nazionale come spazio di riferimento per la produzione di giustizia. I concetti di concorrenza e cooperazione giudiziarie sono costruiti in base alle forme che rivestono in Europa. Un' analisi economica della concorrenza giudiziaria, sviluppata alla luce dei modelli di competizione giuridica, è proposta. Tuttavia, non permette di analizzare le due forme di concorrenza giudiziaria (competenze giudiziarie concorrenti, problemi di riconoscimento ed esecuzione extra territorium delle sentenze giudiziarie), e di spiegare le poste in gioco della cooperazione tra i giudici nazionali nell'Unione europea. Quindi l'analisi è completata con una riflessione, da una parte, sui comportamenti dei ‘consumatori di giustizia' in un contesto di pluralismo giudiziario, e dall'altra, sulle strategie dei giudici nazionali come produttori dei servizi di giustizia. La creazione dello spazio giudiziario è analizzata come una forma di organizzazione decentralizzata sotto controllo centralizzato (" decentralizzazione centralizzata ") della produzione del bene ‘giustizia' come bene pubblico europeo
Bourgeon, Jean-Marc. "Asymétries d'information et comportements stratégiques dans l'instrumentation de la politique agricole commune." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100120.
Full textThe subject of this dissertation is the study of instruments that the European Union (EU), and more generally a government, may employ to regulate the agricultural sector. The framework is a static welfare analysis. Recent developments of this theory are stressed, particularly incentive mechanisms that are well-suited to contractual policies or tenders. Two European policies concerning production and retail of cereals are considered: an indirect policy to reduce the production by land retirement, the so-called "set-aside" policy, and the "export refunds", which are designed to enhance the European exports, and are partially tendered for. The first section is devoted to traditional welfare analysis. Modern developments of this theory applied to agricultural sector are exposed. The topic of the second section is mechanisms theory. In this section, the case of a general lack of information which mixes both adverse selection and moral hazard problems is presented. This case corresponds to the general problem of supply regulation. Particularly, the properties of threshold mechanisms are examined. The last section of this dissertation is devoted to two European agricultural policies. The first one is a supply reducing policy adopted by the EU at the end of the 80's and based on voluntary participation of acreage retirement. The second one concerns the sale of cereal stocks that are the property of the EU resulting from her policy on the European market
Aïnas, Yanis. "La libéralisation du marché du gaz naturel en Europe et ses répercussions en amont : le cas de l'Algérie." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA131025.
Full textDominated by the integrated monopolies and the long-term contracts increasingly criticized. And relying on competition to improve both security of supply, competitiveness of European industry, service quality and reduced access to energy costs, members of the European Union decided to liberalized gas markets by adopting a series of Directive. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the procedures and regulations in place to ensure proper functioning of the European gas chain. From this, we will study the future of the organization of the gas market, the different variables that affect the long-term gas prices in Europe thanks to models Vectorial Error Correction (VECM) without forgetting the strategy of market actors, reorganization downstream gas and the emergence of new players. Finally, we analyze strategic approaches adopted by the Algerian national oil company, Sonatrach, historical supplier of the European gas market, following these important policy changes
Lair, Jacqueline. "Panorama et efficacité des incitations financières et fiscales au processus innovateur dans différents pays de l'Union européenne et aux Etats-Unis." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996VERS004S.
Full textBarbato, Jean-Christophe. "La diversité culturelle en droit communautaire : contribution à l'analyse de la spécificité de la construction européenne." Nancy 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN20003.
Full textThis thesis proposes to analyze the contents and to specify the heuristic value of the legal instruments mobilized by European Union law in order to respect and to promote cultural diversity. It is also a question of determining the legal nature of this concept. Within the framework of the Common Market, these instruments maintain an ambiguous relationship with economic integration. The promotion of cultural diversity is based primarily on the application of the principles of freedom of movement and free competition to the cultural sector. Conversely, its respect passes by a specific normative framing of the goods and cultural activities which, limiting the application of these principles, makes it possible to preserve the cultural prerogatives of the Member States. Cultural diversity also influences political integration. Community cultural competence, an instrument which ensures this integration, is organized according to the respect of cultural diversity and its promotion constitutes one of its main objectives. The structuring of political integration is also concerned. Cultural diversity constitutes one of the fundamental values of the Union and it leads to a specific institutional organization which contributes to specify the legal nature of European construction. Eventually, it appears like a fundamental principle of the legal order of the Union and a leading idea of the European project
Cocq, Emmanuel. "L'analyse économique de la politique cinématographique française." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0013.
Full textSandillon, Isabelle. "Les causes du chômage européen : analyse comparée des facteurs structurels et du policy mix dans le contexte de la mise en place de l'UEM." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24005.
Full textXavier, pedroza filho Manoel. "Pertinence de la chaîne globale de valeur pour l'étude du marché de la fleur coupée dans l'union européenne et de ses implications dans les pays en voie de développement : le cas de la France et du Brésil." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0002.
Full textChanges in the French cut flower market are indicative of developments at the European level, in particular the consolidation of traditionally fragmented retail. Supermarkets along with florists franchises are leading this consolidation which has seen the reorganization of the entire supply chain. This analysis of the French cut flower market begins with a study of new modes of governance arising from retail reorganization. It then continues with a thorough study of the impacts of this new governance on actors at the upstream of the GVC (Global Value Chain). The methodology focuses on multiple case studies based on different GVC actors in France, Holland and Brazil. A major consequence of GVC restructuring is the strengthening of links between retailers, importers and foreign producers. While the retailers eliminated some intermediaries such as Dutch auctions and wholesalers, the importers increased their role by upsizing among them. The takeover of the GVC by retailers heavily impacts on producers in terms of volume, innovation, competitive pricing and quality standards. It mainly results in downstream integration of production which brings out PO (Producer Organizations) and excluded a part of unorganized small producers from the market. The case of Brazil confirms that the organization of the production sector is the essential condition of its access to a market driven by European retailers
Papandropoulos, Sylvie-Pénélope. "Issues in european competition policy: lobbying, reputation and R&D co-operation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211988.
Full textHaddad, Afef. "Migrations internationales et libre-échange : caractéristiques particulières de l'émigration des compétences et importance de l'effort technologique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010025.
Full textThis thesis is a contribution to the analysis of the relationship between international migration and international trade paying attention to the special characteristics of the brainy migrants. The integration of the human capital externalities and social capital permitted to have considerable results in relation to international trade theory. Although international migration is often considered as a substitute for international trade in goods so that trade liberalization can be a solution for migration problems, in many important cases such as cross country differences in technology, migration costs and adjustment costs, it can be a complement for international flows of commodities. The aim of this thesis is to replace the theory of international migration among the recent developments of international trade by focusing on the special determinants of brain drain. The empirical analysis is focused on a survey of brainy migrants and foreign students in france
Rhee, Hyunjung Estelle. "Politique européenne de l'armement et nouveaux enjeux de la sécurité dans la mondialisation : une approche par l'économie politique internationale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS007S.
Full textOur study suggests analyzing the European Armament policy in relation with the security in the context of the globalization according to an approach by international political economy. Divided into two parts, the first one aims at setting the issues and finding the theoretical approaches in Security, European integration and the process of the globalization. By trying to highlight the new role of the States and the power relations between themselves, the first part always poses the question of the Security and in particular that of the Europeans, mainly analyzed on the basis of the European Security and Defense policy -ESDP, the NATO and the transatlantic relations. The second one offers an empirical study on the Technological and innovation stakes in the sector of the armament. Here, we tried to emphasize the interaction between the economical and the political issues in order to deal with the armament crisis, the transatlantic aspects and the various institutions of the sector (OCCAR and the European Defense Agency, for example), the technological questions, the bureaucratic role of the European Commission and the potentialities of the structured cooperations. This study also establishes a stake in perpsective of the military technological innovation in Europe, in the process of globalization and transatlantization
Neri, O'Neill Rebeca. "Démontrer une promesse fragile : Genèse, Régime et Politisation de la démonstration des techniques de captage, de transport et de stockage du CO₂ (CTSC) en Europe." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0021.
Full textMy thesis concerns the process of demonstration of CO₂ capture, transport and storage (CISC) in the European Union. This conception allows the construction of the promise of a future with reduced CO₂ emissions, which does not exclude the continuation of the use of fossil energies. During the last decade, the European Commission has established a partnership vvith industrial actors in an initiative of CTSC «demonstration» organised around the development of on site demonstrators, in order to bring these techniques to a commercial state. This process has been marked by intense debates and local conflicts, especially in what regards the risks associated with CO₂ leakage. The Commission puts forth slogans concerning the need for conciliation with the citizens. However, the process of CTSC demonstration does indeed produce a division between uncertainties that may be controlled (demonstrated) which are in the forefront, and others whose possibilités of reduction seem less certain, which are placed in the background. Thus, the interrogation here bears on the characterisation of this way of dividing the uncertainties as well as on the manner by which a policy, based on demonstration, might produce kinds of agreements among the distinct actors implicated. My analysis proposes a periodisation of the process (1972-2012) in three large phases : Genesis, Regime, and Politicisation. I develop my arguments based on four case studies : the activity of the European technological platform devoted to CTSC, « Zéro Emission Platform for Fossil Fuels » (ZEP), and three more CTSC demonstration projects, two in France and another one in Barendrecht, in the Netherlands
Oget, David. "Efficacité et coûts du baccalauréat général et technologique : quelle alternative à l'organisation des épreuves ?" Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOE002.
Full textThe diploma that marks the end of the French secondary education, the " baccalauréat", is very costly ; it is difficult to organise and it has high success rates. Similar diplomas in Europe are structured differently, with less final tests and more continuous assessment. Two hypotheses for reforming the baccalauréat are set and tested in this thesis: a substitution of final tests by continuous assessment and a reduction of the number of final tests. On one hand, the test of the first hypothesis shows that an exam constituted of the various marks obtained during the year would produce results (success/failure) which are too far from the individual results of the baccalauréat. According to their social background and their high school, candidates would benefit differently of continuous assessments. On the other hand, an exam made of four final tests instead of ten would bring results closely related to actual results of the present baccalauréat, as would an exam constituted of four final tests and six continuous assessments
Guo, Haifeng. "Le Comportement des touristes chinois en Europe." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_guo.pdf.
Full textLately, more and more Chinese tourists travel in Europe and this market represents two main features: The high growth of business transactions and high consumption level of new customers. On the one hand, new Chinese customers allow to boost the European tourist market, but on the other hand that involve to include news unusual behaviours into behaviour models. In the first part, we analyze the general psychological, economic and socio-cultural methods then, we investigate theories of tourist behaviour and finally, we explain how models are inappropriate. In the second part and first, we show that the China tourism industry, then, we analyze the China tourism industry by qualitative methods and finally, we create a quantitative survey about Chinese tourists to Europe. In the third part, firstly, we analyze the behaviour of Chinese tourists to Europe. The survey data show us that the Chinese tourists to Europe has a lack of « real outbound travel experience », the weakness of foreign language, the sensitivity of price and a weak fidelity, the high consumption level with a impulsion in the purchase. Then, we create a suitable model to explain that behaviour is abnormal from the choice of travel agent, the choice of products and the high consumption, finally, we propound proposals to actors of the Chinese tourism market in Europe. These recommendations might contribute to increase knowledge of Chinese tourist’s behaviours
Zevounou, Lionel. "Le concept de concurrence en droit." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100196/document.
Full textCompetition is associated to the well being of the whole community. That myth is very important in the mind of interprets responsible of implementing competition law. However the reality of the business world is very far from that myth: monopoly, oligopoly, monopsony, are usual market environment that the judge and competition authorities have to deal with. The imperfect reality of competition needs such a myth in order to be a political and social institution. The idea of a competition useful to public interest is necessary to justify a reality much more complex. Competition law allow us to believe that free competition triggers a lot of benefits, but also gives arguments to the economic actors in order to develop their competition strategies. Therefore, we can assess that the economic concepts used in competition law are not concepts of economic analysis. The economic vocabulary is transformed in legal categories and proving means. Indeed, if competition was as perfect and pure as the myth says, legal rhetoric wouldn’t be necessary to justify the behaviors of competitors on the market. . The frame of evaluation of the unlawful undertaking depends of the legal rhetoric. Therefore, each school of legal rhetoric gives its ones evaluation standards. Yet, the terms of the discussion are also on the ethical ground
Alatriste, Contreras Martha Gabriela. "Essais sur les propriétés structurelles et la dynamique du système économique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0132.
Full textThis thesis analyses empirically the structural properties of the economy and evaluates the impact of changes in its structure on aggregate outcomes such as production and the spreading of shocks. The analysis in this thesis is part of a multidisciplinary approach where input-output is combined with complex network analysis to study the productive structure of an economy. We analyze the european union's input-output network as a whole, the input-output network of 22 member countries, and the french input-output network using a more disaggregated classification of sectors. The first chapter studies the structural properties of the economy identifying the most important sectors. In this first chapter, we investigate if global centrality measures in network analysis provide additional information of the productive structure and the role and importance of sectors in it. We found that the economy has an asymmetric structure with only a few very important sectors that have good diffusion properties. The second chapter evaluates the impact of these properties as the capability of sectors to spread shocks and form avalanches in the economy. We use three models to measure the impact of two types of sectoral shocks : a shock on final demand and a shock on technology. Results show that the asymmetrical structure of european economies makes them vulnerable to large avalanchess. Finally, third explores the mechanism generating the structure of the economy and its evolution through time driven by technological progress. In the model proposed in the third chapter sectors create new connections and change the intensity of old ones according to their centrality
Sorgho, Zakaria. "Protection des dénominations géographiques dans l'Union Européenne : effectivité et analyse des effets sur le commerce." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25444.
Full textThe protection of geographical indications (GIs) is a very controversial subject at the World Trade Organization as well as in the negotiations of bilateral trade agreements like the Canada/European Union Trade Agreement (CETA). This is mainly because different countries have very different views on how to go about protecting GIs. North American countries favor trademarks because they believe that the “know-how” can be transferred across geographical boundaries and that it is possible to replicate or even improve on ancestral production processes developed in a given region. “Parmesan” cheese and “Parma” ham are examples of products manufactured and marketed under these names in Canada. The European Union (EU) promotes a « terroir » approach, applying a sui generis protection, which grants a monopoly of the GI to producers located in a specific region. The first European regulation of GIs was adopted in 1992. But more than 20 years later, the effectiveness of GIs in the EU Member States appears mixed. Our thesis attempts to explain reasons for this situation and analyzes the trade-impact of GI protection considering trade within the European Union. Our research on reasons highlights two key issues related to the European GI regulation: potential conflicts between geographical marks (containing geographical names or terms) and sign of GIs (IGP/PDO), and the degeneration of GIs. In addition, we note that consumers are comparatively confused between GIs products and organic products, and small potential producers are rather deterred by the costs of GIs implementation, monitoring and control. Our findings suggest that the protection of GIs creates trade when the importing and exporting countries have GI-protected products. Trade increased by 0.76% when both exporting and importing countries have protected products, after controlling for the effects of others determinants of trade. There is also empirical evidence regarding a trade-diverting effect when the importing country does not have GIs. In addition, our results note a border enlargement effect arising from European GI-protection. An analysis by sector of production indicates that the trade-impact of protecting GIs in some sectors is more important than other sectors.
El, Robrini-Sanzalone Sonia. "La coopération européenne entre les entreprises industrielles de l'armement : le cas de l'armement terrestre." Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21013.
Full textEuropean cooperation between armament firms should be, at the moment, the best way to build an armament common market. But now, the legal tools we can use in europe prove to be inadaquate : the mous concluded between two or more state governements, beginning of each industrial cooperation in europe, can't be compared to an international treaty, (speaking of legal aspects), and must stay secret ; the armement markets must follow national proceedings, and be adressed to national firms only. These ones, moreover, must resolve a lot of legal problems to build joint-ventures companies (legal frameworks non developped to such cooperations ; ask for governmental licenses. . . ). However, things are changing, legislations too : in front of the importance of the matter, industrial property tends to be more preserved from the unfair competition, and especially in international trades ; an european legislation about export of dual-use materials, has be approved : this plead for approve soon a similar rule about export of military materials. So, two of the industrialists armement's principles assets would be correctly protected, and at the same time set off. The european community noticed that joint ventures companies between defence scope socities are specific ; so, she must pay attention to these differences before state about the illegality of a + public aid ;. At last, politicians, in europe, seem to be decided to create an european armements agency, strarting point to organize a common market for armements in europe
Boulanin, Vincent. "De la défense à la sécurité : aspects économiques et enjeux politiques de la diversification des firmes européennes d’armement dans le domaine de la sécurité." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0161.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the geopolitical causes, the economic aspects and the political consequences of the diversification of the European arms industry into the realm of security. The objective was to study the so-called “defence-security continuum” at the industry level. The thesis is that arms producers are not only reacting to a growing demand for security goods and services, they actively take part in the definition and implementation of security policies to the extent that they can shape public demand for the latter. The argument is based on an original approach that combines the empiricism of the literature on arms production with the reflexivity of the constructivist literature on security policies in the IR discipline. Section I explains why arms producers had to diversify into the security realm in order to cope with the post-9/11 order. They had to find new growth drivers and they had to reinvent their legitimacy in a context where the landmarks of the defence community were eroding. Section II present empirical evidence on the diversification of the arms industry into the realm of security and analyse to what extent this is a complex phenomenon that cannot be analysed only through the opposition civil/military. Section III consists of two cases studies on border security and cyber-security; both show how arms produced have expanded their influence on the definition and implementation of public security policies
Schneider-Bunner, Claude. "Economie et justice sociale : l'organisation et la régulation des systèmes de santé face à l'équité." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOE008.
Full textSince the early seventies health economics and social justice studies have developed in parallel, but the overlap between these two fields is a relatively under-explored area of research, despite-or perhaps precisely because of-the fact that from the outset one of the foremost aims of european health care system has been to guarantee equal access to health care. Furthermore, under the pressure of economic difficulties, the issue of equity in health care systems arises with a new intensity. What concepts of equity for health and health care can be envisaged, taking the contemporary theories of justice as a starting point? Three standpoints are distinguished: a rawlsian standpoint is added to the traditional dichotomy between egalitarian and liberal theories. The interpretation of these theories for health and for health care leads to a framework for analysis adapted to the evaluation of health systems. (part one). Which of these conceptions are encountered, implicitly or explicitly, in the european health care systems, in their various mods of organization and regulation? The search of a better knowledge of this basic dimension of health care systems aims at assessing the mecanisms that influence equity and at clarifying the possible alternatives. (second part)
Camara, Mamoudou. "Croissance économique et impact environnemental : le découplage est-il possible ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12004/document.
Full textUsing both theoretical and empirical approaches, this thesis aims to bring a new light on the link between economic growth and environment. It is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on a reconsideration of the decoupling question. The study of the evolution of the environmental problematic in economic theory, in the first chapter, shows that this debate is not new, and has not remained static. Then, in the second chapter, after to have shown the complexity (particularly its multidimensionality and the limits of approaches to measure the decoupling) of the decoupling concept, our study with a new empirical approach on several countries seems to show the evidence of decoupling in the case of certain countries. The second part consists to explain the decoupling. The third chapter which is focused on analysis of the main decoupling determinants, allowed us to identify three determinants (the development level, the structure of the economy and the socioeconomic relationship to the environment), and also to show that their impact on the decoupling is limited in the time. The last chapter, which is an extension of the third chapter, focuses on analysis of the decoupling factors in a “regulationniste” perspective. With this approach, our thesis has tried to show the importance of the degree of ecological concerns and the quality of institutions in a country to achieve decoupling. Thus, through these four chapters, this thesis seems to show that the possibilities to achieve decoupling are tributary of several factors, and also that decoupling, even in the case of CO2, is sometimes possible, but not permanently
Miloudia, Faouzi. "Protection de la santé et mutation du processus d'intégration communautaire." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2008_in_miloudia_f.pdf.
Full textThe establishement of the Communities aimed to settle prosperity and joint interests between the peoples of Europe. It set up a backward movement from the Global project and has consecrated the choice of a framework contriving the progressive integration of the domestic markets and the elimination of barriers to trade. Free trade concepts implementation appeared as the first step of an ambitious waves of measures. The realization of the common market was taken as an opportunity to rise above the apparently insurmontable political apathy of the countries involved in the european construction. But it doesn't correspond to Paul RIBEYRE's Project shaped on the cooperation contracted in the field of health since 1851. Although reference to health protection is both deduced from the single market progressive establishment and the full-play of the free-trade principles, it however took a significant place in the european project and contribute to strengthen the enhanced application of its pivotal mechanisms. Moreover it became, especially after the BSE crisis, a emphatic key element of the balanced run of its particular institutions and a decisive way to carry on the political evolution of the European Union beyond the purely economic goals. The relevance of Health's contengencies, the single market achievement and the attention paid on the european citizens'social demands are already being experienced or included amond the European Union's paradigms. This unexpected issue singularize the new direction taken by the Union and doesn't fit any more the liberal option drafted in 1951. The deep changes in the balance of international relations called into question the european standards levels. The protection of Health concerns many fields and seems to direct the debate about the regulation of the international trade led by the WTO and its atypical dispute settlement system. European standards may nevertheless be suitable to structure the global governance and should participate in the construction of the complex world order
Aka, N'dri Joël Elisée. "Trois essais sur l'impact économique de la procédure d'autorisation de mise sur le marché des produits phytosanitaires en Europe." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENE001/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the regulation of innovations in Europe. In particular, it analyses the economic impact of the market approval procedures on the behavior of economic actors such as innovative firms. This is an applied work in the health sector of plants in which the market approval procedures play a central role. Indeed, in this area, the introduction on the market of pesticides is subject to an official approval. The market approval procedures for new products are to ensure that they do not have unacceptable toxic effects on human health and the environment and to define the conditions of use in which these products were efficient. In Europe, these procedures are investigated by European or national authorities. In the case of pesticides, the active substances are approved at EU level and the pesticides formulation at the national level through mutual recognition within a geographic area. In recent decades, the requirements in the field of health risks have led to a strengthening of the constraints imposed on the approval of pesticides. These stringent requirements have led to a reduction in the number of approved molecules relative to the number of molecules potentially efficient. For example, the number of approved actives substances was reduced by half (800 to 400) over the last ten years. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to study the effects of market approval procedures on the behavior of agrochemical companies. This research is based on three chapters. The first chapter is theoretical. It analyses the strategic interactions between pesticide regulatory agencies in the context of market approval through the mutual recognition system. The chapter 2 is both a theoretical and an empirical work. It examines the examination delays of plant protection active substances. In Chapter 3, we examine, using a theoretical model, the impact of the regulation of pesticides on the incentives of agrochemical companies to invest in R & D