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Journal articles on the topic 'Citizenship – Switzerland'
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Salim, Andi Agus, Rizaldy Anggriawan, and Mohammad Hazyar Arumbinang. "Dilemma of Dual Citizenship Issues in Indonesia: A Legal and Political Perspective." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 101–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v7i1.53503.
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The issue of dual citizenships has been in much of the debate over the years. Many developed countries such as US, UK, Australia, and Switzerland have no restrictions on holding dual nationality, whereas countries such as Singapore, Austria, India, and Saudi Arabia do not “recognize” or “restrict” dual citizenships, leading to automatic loss of citizenship upon acquiring other. Some countries such as Austria, Spain may still grant dual citizenships upon certain special conditions under exceptional cases like celebrities. The implementation of dual citizenship nowadays is not something strange or unusual things internationally. By considering the international environment that is nowadays being wider and no limit, everyone has an easy access to go abroad. In Indonesia, the concept of dual citizenship still limited to the children from inter-marriage, while consider the amount of Indonesian diaspora in another country this is the time for Indonesia to upgrade or revise the citizenship system in Indonesia.
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Brühwiler, Ingrid. "Contested Citizenship." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 9, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2017.090202.
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This article examines public education and the establishment of the nation-state in the first half of the nineteenth century in Switzerland. Textbooks, governmental decisions, and reports are analyzed in order to better understand how citizenship is depicted in school textbooks and whether (federal) political changes affected the image of the “imagined citizen” portrayed in such texts. The “ideal citizen” was, first and foremost, a communal and cantonal member of a twofold society run by the church and the secular government, in which nationality was depicted as a third realm.
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Helbling, Marc. "Switzerland: Contentious Citizenship Attribution in a Federal State." Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36, no. 5 (May 2010): 793–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13691831003764334.
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Bharti, Nishtha. "Book review: Ana Delgado (Ed.) (2016), Technoscience and Citizenship: Ethics and Governance in the Digital Society." Science, Technology and Society 26, no. 1 (March 2021): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721820960015.
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Hainmueller, Jens, Dominik Hangartner, and Dalston Ward. "The effect of citizenship on the long-term earnings of marginalized immigrants: Quasi-experimental evidence from Switzerland." Science Advances 5, no. 12 (December 2019): eaay1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay1610.
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We provide evidence that citizenship catalyzes the long-term economic integration of immigrants. Despite the relevance of citizenship policy to immigrant integration, we lack a reliable understanding of the economic consequences of acquiring citizenship. To overcome nonrandom selection into naturalization, we exploit the quasi-random assignment of citizenship in Swiss municipalities that held referendums to decide the outcome of individual naturalization applications. Our data combine individual-level referendum results with detailed social security records from the Swiss authorities. This approach allows us to compare the long-term earnings of otherwise similar immigrants who barely won or lost their referendum. We find that winning Swiss citizenship in the referendum increased annual earnings by an average of approximately 5000 U.S. dollars over the subsequent 15 years. This effect is concentrated among more marginalized immigrants.
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Kalbermatter, Jacqueline, and Sebastian Schief. "Dynamiken zwischen Citizenship und Arbeitsverhältnissen von Geflüchteten mit unsicherem Aufenthaltsstatus. Eine Untersuchung in gastronomischen Betrieben der Schweiz." Soziale Welt 70, no. 2 (2019): 144–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2019-2-144.
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The article discusses to what extent the arrangement of migration policy, social policy and access to the labor market of Switzerland generates pronounced insecurities in the living and working reality of refugees. We analyze this by way of example of the situation of refugees with a precarious residence permit status working in the hotel and catering industry. We bring forward the argument that this group of migrants is confronted with the exclusion of rights because of the Swiss asylum policies. At the same time, the refugees face specific processes of inclusion and exclusion within the labor market because of their residence status. On account of this, we bring working conditions of refugees into the center of the analysis of citizenship policies as a constitutive element. Moreover, we analyze intra-company negotiations of citizenship as well as the according practices of refugees. The analysis of our research questions is based on a three-step data collection procedure. The combination of different methodological approaches - problem-centered interviews, participatory observation within the companies, and informal interviews - allows for an in-depth analysis of the relationship between citizenship policies and the working conditions of refugees with a precarious residence permit status. We show that refugee workers are confronted with specific forms of disciplinary actions because of a lack of rights and accompanied intra-company citizenship policies. The workers accept the disciplinary actions and working conditions in order to acquire permanent residence in Switzerland in their struggle for citizenship rights.
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Hofhansel, Claus. "Citizenship in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland: Courts, Legislatures, and Administrators." International Migration Review 42, no. 1 (March 2008): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2007.00117.x.
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Lathion, Stephane. "Muslims in Switzerland: Is Citizenship Really Incompatible with Muslim Identity?" Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 28, no. 1 (April 2008): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602000802011077.
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Galeano, Juan. "Latin Americans in Switzerland : Dual Citizenship, Gender and Labour Market Incorporation." Migration Letters 19, no. 2 (March 7, 2022): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v19i2.1566.
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Since the 1990s, many European and Latin American countries have changed their laws to permit the acquisition of dual citizenship. This shift has accompanied the increase in Latin American migration to Europe and poses new challenges for studies on migrants’ integration, which are often based on nationality. We investigate the labour market incorporation of the Latin American-born population in Switzerland and compare the position of different groups of Latin American-born populations according to their nationality (Latin American, EU27 or Swiss). To do so, we assess the rate of overqualification for each group, separate by sex, and we implement logistic models to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic covariates on the likelihood of being overqualified. The results reflect the Swiss labour market segmentation by both nationality and sex, as the influence of the reason for migration on the labour market incorporation of these groups.
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Kübler, Daniel. "Citizenship in the fragmented metropolis: An individual-level analysis from Switzerland." Journal of Urban Affairs 40, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/juaf.12276.
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de Cunha, A. "Urban poverty in Switzerland : exclusion processes and public policy." Geographica Helvetica 54, no. 1 (March 31, 1999): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-54-37-1999.
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Abstract. Poverty is lodged in the heart of abundance itself. The weakening of the social fabric is particularly apparent in cities: the deskilling of labor, the decline in social and symbolic Status, isolation, and the loss of social protection due to the crisis of the welfare State constitute different aspects of exclusion. Urban poverty also appears as a denial of citizenship. This article applies a pluralistic approach in studying urban poverty. It also suggests organizing principles as a basis for transforming and "territorializing" of public social policy instruments in the city.
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Schlenker, Andrea. "Divided loyalty? Identification and political participation of dual citizens in Switzerland." European Political Science Review 8, no. 4 (June 25, 2015): 517–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773915000168.
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In spite of the recent increase in dual citizenship, there are widespread fears that this double status undermines loyalty towards the state, understood as identification with and political participation in the country of residence. We analyze whether there are systematic differences between dual citizens, mono citizens, and foreign residents in this respect, based on data from a 2013 survey of dual citizens in Switzerland with very different migration backgrounds. The results reveal that controlling for migration-related and socio-demographic factors, dual citizens are more loyal in many respects than foreign residents, but there are no significant differences between dual citizens and mono citizens in their level of identification with Switzerland and political participation there. They are even more likely than mono citizens to participate in serving its interests. In addition, there is no trade-off between these forms of loyalty to the country of residence and identification and political participation in the country of descent. On the contrary, they are positively related. Transnational loyalties seem to co-exist or even to be mutually reinforcing. Thus, dual citizenship does not seem to diminish loyalty to the country of residence and countries therefore do not stand to lose anything by allowing it.
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Studer, Brigitte. "Citizenship as Contingent National Belonging: Married Women and Foreigners in Twentieth-Century Switzerland." Gender History 13, no. 3 (November 2001): 622–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0424.00246.
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Leibetseder, Bettina, Erika Gubrium, Danielle Dierckx, Robert Fluder, Roland Hauri, and Peter Raeymaeckers. "Subsidiarity and social citizenship: Social assistance schemes in Austria, Belgium, Switzerland and Norway." International Journal of Social Welfare 26, no. 4 (September 29, 2016): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12241.
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Hainmueller, Jens, Dominik Hangartner, and Giuseppe Pietrantuono. "Naturalization fosters the long-term political integration of immigrants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 41 (September 28, 2015): 12651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418794112.
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Does naturalization cause better political integration of immigrants into the host society? Despite heated debates about citizenship policy, there exists almost no evidence that isolates the independent effect of naturalization from the nonrandom selection into naturalization. We provide new evidence from a natural experiment in Switzerland, where some municipalities used referendums as the mechanism to decide naturalization requests. Balance checks suggest that for close naturalization referendums, which are decided by just a few votes, the naturalization decision is as good as random, so that narrowly rejected and narrowly approved immigrant applicants are similar on all confounding characteristics. This allows us to remove selection effects and obtain unbiased estimates of the long-term impacts of citizenship. Our study shows that for the immigrants who faced close referendums, naturalization considerably improved their political integration, including increases in formal political participation, political knowledge, and political efficacy.
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Hofhansel, Claus. "The decline and limited revival of citizenship deprivation: Germany and Switzerland as deviant cases?" Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46, no. 15 (September 24, 2018): 3388–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2018.1526063.
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Monro, Surya, Daniela Crocetti, and Tray Yeadon-Lee. "Intersex/variations of sex characteristics and DSD citizenship in the UK, Italy and Switzerland." Citizenship Studies 23, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 780–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13621025.2019.1645813.
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Giugni, Marco, and Florence Passy. "Migrant mobilization between political institutions and citizenship regimes: A comparison of France and Switzerland." European Journal of Political Research 43, no. 1 (January 2004): 51–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00145.x.
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Giugni, Marco, Ruud Koopmans, Florence Passy, and Paul Statham. "Institutional and Discursive Opportunities for Extreme-Right Mobilization in Five Countries." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.10.1.n40611874k23l1v7.
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Inspired by spatial theories of political behavior and by work on the impact of immigration on national identity, in this article we propose an explanation of the extreme right's claim making based on the interplay of three factors: national models of citizenship, the dynamics of political alignments and party competition, and the strategic/organizational repertoires of the extreme right, in particular the electoral strength of extreme-right parties. Confronting a number of hypotheses derived from this theoretical framework with original data on the extreme right's claim making in five European countries (the Netherlands, Britain, France, Germany, and Switzerland), we show how political-institutional and cultural-discursive opportunities account for differences in the extent, forms, and content of xenophobic and extreme-right claim making. Our study shows that national configurations of citizenship affect in significant ways the mobilization of the extreme right, both directly and indirectly. More precisely, our two-country comparison confirms the hypothesis that the claim making of the extreme right depends on a specific political opportunity structure formed by the combination of discursive opportunities deriving from the prevailing model of citizenship and by the political space made available by mainstream parties for far-right mobilization.
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Seminario, Romina. "The Timing and Direction of Migrant Money Circulation: Peruvian Migrants in Switzerland." Remittances Review 4, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v4i2.825.
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Remittances are sent and received to maintain family livelihoods, to cover the education costs of younger members, to provide care services for ageing family members, to support business ventures, etc. Although a growing body of literature assesses the role of remittances in the migration-development nexus, past studies have rarely focused on time-sensitive dimensions such as family life-cycles and life-course stages. In addition, a dynamic analysis of social stratification based on gender, age, citizenship status and class within and between these families serves to enrich a transnational perspective on remittances. Life-course perspectives represent a suitable framework for tracing money circulation across multiple national settings and dynamic processes of social stratification. Beyond the common image of remittances being sent from host to home countries, Peruvians in Switzerland also receive money from their home country.
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Czibere, Ibolya, Imre Kovách, and Gergely Boldizsár Megyesi. "Environmental Citizenship and Energy Efficiency in Four European Countries (Italy, The Netherlands, Switzerland and Hungary)." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031154.
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In our paper we aim at analysing the social factors influencing energy use and energy efficiency in four different European countries, using the data from the PENNY research (Psychological social and financial barriers to energy efficiency—Horizon 2020). As a part of the project, a survey was conducted in four European countries (Italy, The Netherlands, Switzerland and Hungary) to compare environmental self-identity, values and attitudes toward the energy use of European citizens. Previous research has examined the effect of a number of factors that influence individuals’ energy efficiency, and attitudes to energy use. The novelty of our paper that presents four attitudes regarding energy use and environmental consciousness and compares them across four different regions of Europe. It analyses the differences between the four attitudes among the examined countries and tries to understand the factors explaining the differences using linear regression models of the most important socio-demographic variables. Finally, we present a typology of energy use attitudes: four groups, the members of which are basically characterised by essentially different attitudes regarding energy use. A better understanding of the diversity of energy use may assist in making more accurate policy decisions.
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Pogorzelska-Kliks, Agata. "Imigracja w Szwajcarii po 1945 roku – ewolucja postaw społeczeństwa i federalna polityka integracji." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 11 (January 1, 2015): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2015.11.15.
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The article discusses immigration in Switzerland after 1945: its dynamics and the policy of the federal government towards immigration and immigrants. An important issue addressed in the paper are relations between Helvetian Federation and European Union, especially with respect to bilateral agreements concerning free movement of people. The second part of the article is devoted to social attitudes towards immigration as well as the increasingly radical views of the right-wing groups, especially Swiss People’s Party (SVP, in French – Democratic Union of the Centre – UDC) on immigration, which is most vividly manifested in public initiatives submitted to popular vote. An analysis of the results of votes demonstrates that the attitudes of the Swiss public towards immigration are not uniform. Initiatives aimed at expelling immigrants from Switzerland are rejected, but so are proposals of laws which make obtaining Swiss citizenship easier. Furthermore, the author discusses the Federation’s immigrant integration policies, in which emphasis is put on integration on the job market or social integration, while completely ignoring political integration (granting civil rights). The final issue addressed in this paper is the analysis of a watershed in the history of immigration in Switzerland, namely the public vote of February 9th, 2014 “Against Mass Immigration” and its consequences. This has been discussed based on source texts (text of the public initiative and commentaries of politicians, sociologists and journalists).
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Hofer, Sibylle. "Hofer, Sibylle, „Freier Mann im freien Staat” Persönlichkeitsschutz in der Schweiz." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 136, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 261–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2019-0009.
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Abstract “Freier Mann im freien Staat”. The Protection of Legal Personality in Switzerland. The Swiss Civil Code (1912) guarantees a comprehensive protection of legal personality. In this respect there exists a fundamental difference to the civil code of Germany (1900). The difference can be traced back to the 19th century when in Switzerland legal personality was not merely understood as an abstract legal entity, but rather as an expression of citizenship. The protection of legal personality therefore included the protection of personal freedom. This freedom was not only understood to protect a person’s capacity to act in his legal sphere, but also to protect his political rights and for this reason democracy. Resulting from this understanding it became self-evident that the protection of legal personality had to be comprehensive. This concept pervades Eugen Huber’s writings and especially his legislative contributions to the creation of the Swiss Civil Code. Thereby he constructed a model which was particularly referred to by prominent public law scholars later in times of political crisis (the 1940s).
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Dolezal, Martin, Marc Helbling, and Swen Hutter. "Debating Islam in Austria, Germany and Switzerland: Ethnic Citizenship, Church–State Relations and Right-Wing Populism." West European Politics 33, no. 2 (February 18, 2010): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402380903538773.
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Sánchez Ferriz, Remedio. "Un mecanismo de integración federal y ciudadana: las consultas «prenormativas» del ordenamiento constitucional suizo." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 36 (July 1, 2015): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.36.2015.16067.
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En las recientes reivindicaciones de mayores medios de participación democrática, como contestación a la simple participación mediante representantes elegidos, Suiza nos ofrece, una vez más, un ejemplo muy curioso. Este es un estudio sobre la regulación constitucional y legal del proceso de consultas a través del cual los ciudadanos dejan sentir su voz en todo proyecto normativo relevante. Puede ser considerado un derecho constitucional más pero, a la vez, es un mecanismo de integración territorial y ciudadana en un sistema presidido por la permanente manifestación de la voluntad popular.In the latest demands to enable an increase in popular participation in any democratic government, once more Switzerland offers a very curious example. In this study can be seen the constitutional and legal regulation for the consultation like the process in which, the citizens in Switzerland contribute in the elaboration of the law, expressing their views when the Government is preparing some important legislation. It can be considered another constitutional right; but at the same time it is a mechanism for territorial integration and citizenship in a system chaired by the permanent expression of the popular will.
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von Wyl, Viktor, Marc Höglinger, Chloé Sieber, Marco Kaufmann, André Moser, Miquel Serra-Burriel, Tala Ballouz, Dominik Menges, Anja Frei, and Milo Alan Puhan. "Drivers of Acceptance of COVID-19 Proximity Tracing Apps in Switzerland: Panel Survey Analysis." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): e25701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25701.
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Background Digital proximity tracing apps have been released to mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus known to cause COVID-19. However, it remains unclear how the acceptance and uptake of these apps can be improved. Objective This study aimed to investigate the coverage of the SwissCovid app and the reasons for its nonuse in Switzerland during a period of increasing incidence of COVID-19 cases. Methods We collected data between September 28 and October 8, 2020, via a nationwide online panel survey (COVID-19 Social Monitor, N=1511). We examined sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with app use by using multivariable logistic regression, whereas reasons for app nonuse were analyzed descriptively. Results Overall, 46.5% (703/1511) of the survey participants reported they used the SwissCovid app, which was an increase from 43.9% (662/1508) reported in the previous study wave conducted in July 2020. A higher monthly household income (ie, income >CHF 10,000 or >US $11,000 vs income ≤CHF 6000 or <US $6600 [reference]: odds ratio [OR] 1.92, 95% CI 1.40-2.64), more frequent internet use (ie, daily [reference] vs less than weekly: OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.85), better adherence to recommendations for wearing masks (ie, always or most of the time [reference] vs rarely or never: OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15-0.52), and nonsmoker status (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01-1.71) were associated with an increased likelihood for app uptake. Citizenship status (ie, non-Swiss citizenship vs. Swiss [reference]: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43-0.87), and language region (French vs Swiss German [reference]: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46-0.80) were associated with a lower likelihood for app uptake. Further analysis in a randomly selected subsample (n=712) with more detailed information showed that higher levels of trust in government and health authorities were also associated with a higher likelihood for app uptake (ie, high vs low [reference] trust: OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.58-6.22). The most frequent reasons for app nonuse were lack of perceived benefit of using the app (297/808, 36.8%), followed by the lack of a compatible phone (184/808, 22.8%), and privacy concerns (181/808, 22.4%). Conclusions Eliminating technical hurdles and communicating the benefits of digital proximity tracing apps are crucial to promote further uptake and adherence of such apps and, ultimately, enhance their effectiveness to aid pandemic mitigation strategies.
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Staerklé, Christian, Patricia Roux, Christophe Delay, Lavinia Gianettoni, and Céline Perrin. "Consensus and Conflict in Lay Conceptions of Citizenship: Why People Reject or Support Maternity Policies in Switzerland." Psychologica Belgica 43, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2003): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/pb.1000.
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Riaño, Yvonne. "Drawing New Boundaries of Participation: Experiences and Strategies of Economic Citizenship among Skilled Migrant Women in Switzerland." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 43, no. 7 (July 2011): 1530–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a4374.
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Barras, Amélie. "Formalizing Secularism as a Regime of Restrictions and Protections: The Case of Quebec (Canada) and Geneva (Switzerland)." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 36, no. 2 (August 2021): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2021.16.
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AbstractIn 2019, the province of Quebec and the canton of Geneva passed bills establishing their states as “secular.” While each law is, to a certain extent, context specific, both present noteworthy similarities. First, neutrality (the cornerstone of laïcité) is articulated around two elements: (1) restrictions that affect the religious practices of public servants belonging to minority religions and (2) protections for Christian symbols constructed as “cultural.” The article questions the implications for inclusive citizenship of formalizing regulatory regimes that differentiate between “religion” and “culture.” Second, a comparative lens enables an analysis of how, through whom, and why similar regimes of regulation travel from one area of the world to another. The article argues for the importance of considering transnational influences when analyzing the regulation of religion to better (1) understand why particular models of secularism gain traction and (2) capture power dynamics structuring these processes of traction.
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Sefidan, Sandra, Maria Pramstaller, Roberto La Marca, Thomas Wyss, Lilian Roos, Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani, Hubert Annen, and Serge Brand. "Transformational Leadership, Achievement Motivation, and Perceived Stress in Basic Military Training: A Longitudinal Study of Swiss Armed Forces." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 13949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413949.
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In Switzerland, military service is a civic obligation for all adult male citizens, and thus, leadership style can be particularly challenging. The present study investigated the impact of superiors’ leadership styles on recruits’ achievement motivation, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and perceived stress during their Basic Military Training (BMT). To this end, a total of 525 male recruits (mean age: 20.3 years) recruits were assessed both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. At the start of BMT (baseline), at week 7, and at week 11, participants completed a series of self-rating questionnaires covering demographic information, achievement motivation, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), perceived stress, and their superiors’ leadership styles (transformational, transactional und laissez-faire). Longitudinally, scores for achievement motivation and OCB showed no significant difference between baseline and the 11th week. In a group comparison, the group experiencing higher transformational leadership (from week 7 to week 11) had the highest scores for achievement motivation and OCB, and the lowest scores for perceived stress, all at week 11. Exploratively, achievement motivation and OCB at baseline were associated with transformational leadership and transactional leadership at week 7 and week 11. Perceived stress at baseline correlated only with transformational leadership but not with transactional leadership, both at week 7 and week 11. Transformational leadership style fostered achievement motivation and OCB in Swiss military recruits and protected them from stress, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
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HAINMUELLER, JENS, and DOMINIK HANGARTNER. "Who Gets a Swiss Passport? A Natural Experiment in Immigrant Discrimination." American Political Science Review 107, no. 1 (February 2013): 159–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055412000494.
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We study discrimination against immigrants using microlevel data from Switzerland, where, until recently, some municipalities used referendums to decide on the citizenship applications of foreign residents. We show that naturalization decisions vary dramatically with immigrants’ attributes, which we collect from official applicant descriptions that voters received before each referendum. Country of origin determines naturalization success more than any other applicant characteristic, including language skills, integration status, and economic credentials. The average proportion of “no” votes is about 40% higher for applicants from (the former) Yugoslavia and Turkey compared to observably similar applicants from richer northern and western European countries. Statistical and taste-based discrimination contribute to varying naturalization success; the rewards for economic credentials are higher for applicants from disadvantaged origins, and origin-based discrimination is much stronger in more xenophobic municipalities. Moreover, discrimination against specific immigrant groups responds dynamically to changes in the groups’ relative size.
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Audunson, Ragnar, Svanhild Aabø, Roger Blomgren, Hans-Christoph Hobohm, Henrik Jochumsen, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi, Rudolf Mumenthaler, et al. "Public libraries as public sphere institutions." Journal of Documentation 75, no. 6 (September 26, 2019): 1396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-02-2019-0015.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of public libraries as institutions underpinning a democratic public sphere as reasons legitimizing libraries compared to reasons that are more traditional and the actual use of libraries as public sphere arenas. Design/methodology/approach A survey of representative samples of the adult population in six countries – Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland – was undertaken. Findings Legitimations related to the libraries role as a meeting place and arena for public debate are ranked as the 3 least important out of 12 possible legitimations for upholding a public library service. Libraries are, however, used extensively by the users to access citizenship information and to participate in public sphere relevant meetings. Originality/value Few studies have empirically analyzed the role of libraries in upholding a democratic and sustainable public sphere. This study contributes in filling that gap.
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Bolzman, Claudio A., and Slim Bridji. "Older immigrants living in Switzerland and ambivalence related to return around the retirement period." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 60, no. 1-2 (February 2019): 14–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020715218824634.
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The aim of this article is to explore the links between former guest workers’ attitudes toward return, as they approach retirement age, and ambivalence. More specifically, we seek answers to the following two questions: Do older immigrants modify their intentions toward return around the retirement period? If the answer is positive, we then ask: To which factors are these changes related when looking at intentions to return both before and after retirement? These questions have seldom been analyzed in the sociological literature, and their relation to ambivalence has not yet really been explored. After considering the state of the art, both from a sociology of migration perspective and through a life-course approach, we analyze empirically how older immigrants deal with the question of return. Our data come from a representative survey of approximately 300 older immigrants from Southern Europe (Italy, Portugal, and Spain), aged between 65 and 79 and living in urban Switzerland. Our findings show that (1) while a significant proportion of Italian and Spanish older migrants give up the idea of returning definitively to their country of origin and decide to establish their main residence in Switzerland, among the Portuguese, a significant minority wanted to return before retirement and are still planning to return, expecting to recover full citizenship in their “home” country; (2) changes with respect to return intentions mainly concern former blue-collar workers and white-collar employees; and (3) older immigrants who do not see migration as a positive decision demonstrate more ambivalence about return.
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Menezes, Isabel. "Participation Experiences and Civic Concepts, Attitudes and Engagement: Implications for Citizenship Education Projects." European Educational Research Journal 2, no. 3 (September 2003): 430–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2003.2.3.8.
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This article considers participation experiences of 14 year-old and upper secondary students in six European countries that were involved in the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) Civic Education Study: the Czech Republic, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland, countries that vary in their history of institution of democratic regimes. Participation has been considered as a crucial dimension of citizenship, and experiences within civil society are viewed as a relevant opportunity for developing personal and social resources essential for the survival and expansion of democracy. Additionally, participation experiences in adolescence seem to be a good predictor of political engagement during adult life. Results show that participation is most evident in organisations that provide enrichment activities (sports, music, computers), but both 14 year-old and upper secondary students are involved in voluntary activities, in some civic-related organisations (mainly Scouts, religious affiliated and environmental), and in experiences within the school (with student councils and school newspapers at the top). However, cross-national and cross-age variations are significant. Overall, there seems to be a positive impact of the frequency of students' involvement on civic concepts, attitudes and engagement, but results also reveal that more is not necessarily better. The most relevant implication for the development of citizenship education projects is that ‘action’ can be a powerful learning tool but only if it is intentionally designed and systematically supported: the quality of participation experiences, both in terms of meaningful involvement, of interaction with (different) others, and opportunities for personal integration, is therefore crucial if the goal is to promote the personal empowerment and social pluralism on which the essence of democracy relies.
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Stulz, Niklaus, Urs Hepp, Stephan Kupferschmid, Nesrin Raible-Destan, and Marcel Zwahlen. "Trends in suicide methods in Switzerland from 1969 to 2018: an observational study." Swiss Medical Weekly 152, no. 4950 (December 10, 2022): 40007. http://dx.doi.org/10.57187/smw.2022.40007.
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BACKGROUND: Suicide is a serious societal and health problem. We examined changes in rates of completed suicides in Switzerland between 1969–2018 with particular regard to different methods of suicide used in different subgroups of the resident population. METHODS: We used data of the Swiss cause of death statistics and Poisson regression models to analyse annual incidence rates and calendar time trends of specific suicide methods used in population subgroups by sex (men vs women), age (10–29, 30–64, >64 years), and nationality (Swiss vs other citizenship). RESULTS: There were 64,996 registered suicides between 1969 and 2018. Across these 5 decades, the overall suicide rate was higher in men than in women (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–2.67), in Swiss citizens than in foreigners (IRR 2.02; 95% CI 1.97–2.07), and in older residents (>64 years) than in the age groups 30–64 years (IRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.32–1.37) and 10–29 years (IRR 2.37, 95% CI 2.32–2.43). After peaking in the 1980s, the overall suicide rate had declined in all of these population subgroups, with flattening trends over most recent years. The most common specific methods of suicide were hanging (accounting for 26.7% of all suicides) and firearms (23.6%). The rates of the specific suicide methods were usually higher in men, in Swiss citizens and in older residents, and they had typically declined over most recent decades in the population subgroups examined. However, some methods diverged from this general pattern, at least in some population subgroups. For instance, railway suicides most recently increased in younger and in male residents whereas suicides by gas and by drowning were only at a low level after rapid declines in the last millennium. CONCLUSIONS: Restricting access to lethal means (e.g., detoxification of domestic gas), improvements in health care and media guidelines for responsible reporting of suicides are possible explanations for the generally declining suicide rates in Switzerland. Whereas some methods (e.g., poisoning by gases or drowning) had become rare, others continue to account for many suicides every year, at least in some population subgroups (e.g., firearms in older Swiss men or railway suicides in younger and in male residents). As different methods of suicide are chosen by different people or subgroups of the population, preventive efforts should include differentiated strategies and targeted measures to further reduce suicides in Switzerland and elsewhere.
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Welch Jr., James S. "The Profit Motive and Global Corporate Citizenship: A Case Study on the Spin-Off of Philip Morris International." Think India 17, no. 3 (December 13, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v17i3.7803.
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This article addresses the spin-off of Philip Morris International (PMI) from Altria which took place back in 2008. Since that time, PMI has done very well in overseas markets, and most especially in developing markets. By 2010, PMI had gained an estimated 16 percent share of the total international cigarette market outside of the U.S. (excluding China) with revenue of $27 billion and operating income of $11.2 billion. With 2012 results, PMI reported worldwide revenues of $31.4 billion and an operating income of $14.2 billion, according to the companys annual report. This rapid revenue growth and income expansion has not come without ethical considerations. As the spin-off resulted in the move of the company headquarters from New York City to Lausanne, Switzerland, PMI became less restrained by the regulatory environment in their new home. PMI was able to capitalize on lower tobacco standards and limited advertising restrictions in global markets (and most especially developing markets) without the constraints of the negative regulatory environment and negative public attention back in the USA. This article weighs the ethical concerns of moving business to areas of less regulation versus the business advantages of such moves. There are many reasons why American corporations have begun to spin-off their international operations, but the question remains, whether the business is conducted domestically or internationally: Is the fiduciary duty to shareholders greater than the moral duty to prospective global consumers?
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Bolokan, Dina. "Recruitment infrastructure within the agricultural and agrifood sector: Post-Soviet and neocolonial entanglements between “Eastern” and “Western” Europe." Social Change Review 18, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 39–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scr-2020-0005.
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic brought into focus how nationstates manage to shut down borders while maintaining flexible labor recruitment. This challenging situation provoked more public discussion around inequalities within the agricultural and agrifood sector. However, reflections around labor conditions have remained limited. I argue that instead of merely pointing to certain aspects of the current labor conditions and demanding more regulations, a different point of departure is urgently needed. Through a genealogical approach to recruitment and rotation, this article aims to further politicize the discussion around the current recruitment infrastructure in the agricultural and agrifood sectors in Europe. I do this with my research on labor migration from Moldova to the European Union and Switzerland, where I consider the hypermobile life trajectories of workers within the agricultural sector. I am interested in the structures, goals and biopolitical implications as well as the involved ideologies that accompany the laws and regulations of the legal framework of such hypermobility between “Eastern” and “Western” Europe. I show how the involved citizenship laws and circular migration policies reveal entanglements through time and space that lead to neocolonial and post-Soviet regimes of labor control within Europe.
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Lucassen, Leo. "A Brave New World: The Left, Social Engineering, and Eugenics in Twentieth-Century Europe." International Review of Social History 55, no. 2 (August 2010): 265–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000209.
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SummaryThis article compares theories and social policies of social democrats and other representatives of the left-wing political spectrum in six European countries to explain why, in certain countries such as Sweden, Norway, and Switzerland, weak social groups became the target of illiberal and negative eugenic policy, especially isolation and sterilization, while elsewhere left-wing politicians and theorists were far less radical. One striking feature that emerges is the difference between acommunitarian-organicand aclass-boundform of socialism. Following Zygmunt Bauman, Michel Foucault, and James C. Scott, the article discerns a first variant of citizenship that is conditional and intended only for those with the right social attitude. Eugenics was perfectly consistent with such a view, since it offered a diagnosis and at the same time a cure. Prominent representatives of this approach were the Webbs in Britain and the Myrdals in Sweden. Such an organic-medical approach was less likely, however, in a more class-dependent variant of socialism embedded in a strong civil society. As long as social democrats and other leftist politicians believed social problems such as inequality and poverty were caused primarily by an unjust capitalist system, there was little cause for a eugenicist solution.
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Hainmueller, Jens, Dominik Hangartner, and Teppei Yamamoto. "Validating vignette and conjoint survey experiments against real-world behavior." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 8 (February 2, 2015): 2395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416587112.
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Survey experiments, like vignette and conjoint analyses, are widely used in the social sciences to elicit stated preferences and study how humans make multidimensional choices. However, there is a paucity of research on the external validity of these methods that examines whether the determinants that explain hypothetical choices made by survey respondents match the determinants that explain what subjects actually do when making similar choices in real-world situations. This study compares results from conjoint and vignette analyses on which immigrant attributes generate support for naturalization with closely corresponding behavioral data from a natural experiment in Switzerland, where some municipalities used referendums to decide on the citizenship applications of foreign residents. Using a representative sample from the same population and the official descriptions of applicant characteristics that voters received before each referendum as a behavioral benchmark, we find that the effects of the applicant attributes estimated from the survey experiments perform remarkably well in recovering the effects of the same attributes in the behavioral benchmark. We also find important differences in the relative performances of the different designs. Overall, the paired conjoint design, where respondents evaluate two immigrants side by side, comes closest to the behavioral benchmark; on average, its estimates are within 2% percentage points of the effects in the behavioral benchmark.
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Cohen, Jeffrey H. "Editorial." Migration Letters 16, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182//ml.v16i2.749.
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The diverse papers presented in this issue of Migration Letters continue to celebrate our goal to serve as both a destination for, and inspiration to research in migration. The international scholars gathered in these papers are focused on refugees; the value and meaning of social networks for movers and the second-generation; the challenges of the border to status, work and belonging; remittance practices and entrepreneurship, as well as concerns for methods and the presentation of data. Omata, Bauhn, Ellis, Hyokki, and Sert detail the challenges facing refugees as they negotiate their status vis-à-vis their destination communities. A second set of articles bring a critical eye to the role social networks play in the negotiation of daily life and around health (Munoz and Collazo); schooling (Ivashinenko); citizenship (Privara), and the second-generation (Tewolde and Freyer). An emphasis on the challenges of internal as well as international borders and crossing is followed through the articles by Koca (EU policy), Cangià (immigrants to Switzerland), To and Qi (working in China). Focused on remittances, labour and entrepreneurship are the articles by Petreski (working in Macedonia) and Linter. Methodology is a central concern to papers by Lacroix and Zufferey who rethink the use of a “life-course” approach to migration and Herda who explores how citizens perceive and more importantly misperceive immigrant populations.
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Jackson, Katherine. "Care Ethics, Democratic Citizenship and the StatePetrUrbanLizzieWard (eds.) Cham, Switzerland. Palgrave Macmillan. 2020. 318pp. £79.99 (hbk) £54.99 (pbk) £63.99 (ebk) ISBN: 978‐3‐030‐41436‐8." Sociology of Health & Illness 43, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 1723–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.13349.
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Riano, Yvonne, Katharina Limacher, André Aschwanden, Sophie Hirsig, and Doris Wastl-Walter. "Shaping gender inequalities: critical moments and critical places." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 34, no. 2 (March 9, 2015): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-12-2013-0112.
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Purpose – There is much scientific interest in the connection between the emergence of gender-based inequalities and key biographical transition points of couples in long-term relationships. Little empirical research is available comparing the evolution of a couple’s respective professional careers over space and time. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to filling this gap by addressing the following questions: what are the critical biographical moments when gender (in)equalities within a relationship begin to arise and consolidate? Which biographical decisions precede and follow such critical moments? How does decision making at critical moments impact the opportunities of both relationship partners in gaining equal access to paid employment? Design/methodology/approach – These questions are addressed from the perspectives of intersectionality and economic citizenship. Biographical interviewing is used to collect the personal and professional narratives of Swiss-, bi-national and migrant couples. The case study of a Swiss-Norwegian couple illustrates typical processes by which many skilled migrant women end up absently or precariously employed. Findings – Analysis reveals that the Scandinavian woman’s migration to Switzerland is a primary and critical moment for emerging inequality, which is then reinforced by relocation (to a small town characterized by conservative gender values) and the subsequent births of their children. It is concluded that factors of traditional gender roles, ethnicity and age intersect to create a hierarchical situation which affords the male Swiss partner more weight in terms of decision making and career advancement. Practical implications – The paper’s findings are highly relevant to the formulation of policies regarding gender inequalities and the implementation of preventive programmes within this context. Originality/value – Little empirical research is available comparing the evolution of a couple’s respective professional careers over space and time. The originality of this paper is to fill this research gap; to include migration as a critical moment for gender inequalities; to use an intersectional and geographical perspective that have been given scant attention in the literature; to use the original concept of economic citizenship; and to examine the case of a bi-national couple, which has so far not been examined by the literature on couple relationships.
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Duay, Manon, Margot Morgiève, and Hélène Niculita-Hirzel. "Sudden Changes and Their Associations with Quality of Life during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Study in the French-Speaking Part of Switzerland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 4, 2021): 4888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094888.
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The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to various sudden changes in a large number of individuals. In response, the question of how individuals from different social and economic strata cope with those changes has arisen, as well as how much they have affected their mental well-being. Choosing strategies that cope with both the pandemic and the well-being of the population has also been a challenge for different governments. While a large number of studies have investigated the mental health of people from different populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, few have explored the number and type of changes experienced during lockdown by the general population, alongside their relationships with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To fill this research gap, an observational cross-sectional study on those associations was conducted in the French-speaking part of the Swiss general population. Data were collected from 431 participants during the first four weeks of lockdown due to COVID-19. Multivariate regressions were used to identify the sociodemographic profile of the population that experienced different types and numbers of changes during this period, the association of those changes with the HRQoL—mental and physical—and infection beliefs, and the perception of the governmental measures. We show that the more changes people experienced, the lower their mental HRQoL; however, adherence to governmental measures has helped people to cope with the imposed changes, even though the number of unexpected and unwished changes have strained their mental HRQoL. The low-income population experienced financial difficulties and changes in their food intake more frequently, while dual-citizenship or non-Swiss individuals declared conflictual situations more frequently. Sport practice had a positive association with mental HRQoL; nevertheless, a decrease in sport practice was frequently reported, which correlated with a lower mental HRQoL. Risk perception of COVID-19 increased with lower physical HRQoL score, which supports the efficiency of governmental communication regarding the pandemic. Our results support that government measures should be accompanied by effective and targeted communication about the risk of infection, in order to encourage all strata of the general population to follow such measures and adapt to the changes without unduly affecting their mental health. The usage of such tools might help to reduce the impact of policy-imposed changes on the mental HRQoL of the general population, by inducing voluntary changes in informed and engaged populations.
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Meister, Daniel R. "Citizenship in Transnational Perspective: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand Edited by Jatinder MannCitizenship in Transnational Perspective: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Jatinder Mann, ed. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Pp. xv+322, $129.00 cloth." Canadian Historical Review 99, no. 2 (June 2018): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr.99.2.br19.
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Buriak, K. M. "FEATURES OF CONFLICT-OF-LAWS REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL WORK RELATIONS." Constitutional State, no. 41 (March 17, 2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2021.41.225615.
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The article provides a comprehensive legal study of the basic principles of conflict-oflaws and legal regulation of work, complicated by a foreign element. It is determined that work relations complicated by a foreign element include: work of local citizens with foreign employers outside their country; foreign business trips of citizens to work abroad; work at enterprises owned by foreign entrepreneurs on the territory of their state; work of foreigners in the host state. It is noted that conflict-of-laws issues in the field of work relations complicated by a foreign element arise due to the specifics of the national legislation of each of the countries and the inconsistency of private international law in this area. The article analyzes the peculiarities of work of foreigners in Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Romania, USA, Tunisia, Hungary, Ukraine, France, Germany, Czech Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, Japan. Based on the analysis it is concluded that the working conditions of emigrants are regulated by Public Law Regulations, which are mandatory and less humane in their content than the general conditions established by the general labor legislation and collective agreements. Foreign workers are directly dependent on entrepreneurs due to threats of expulsion, language difficulties, lack of professional training and other reasons. It is characterized by free overtime work, non-provision of vacations and sick leave. The article describes the conflict-of-laws bindings, which regulate work relations complicated by a foreign element, namely: the law of the autonomous will of the parties, the law of the place of performing of work, the law of the location of the employer, the law of the place of conclusion of an employment contract, the principle of the employer's personal law, the law of citizenship (domicile), the law of the flag, the principle of the closest connection. The features of the operation of conflict-of-laws bindings regulating work relations complicated by a foreign element in countries of different legal families are considered
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Botero, Isabel C., Claudia Binz Astrachan, and Andrea Calabrò. "A receiver’s approach to family business brands." Journal of Family Business Management 8, no. 2 (July 9, 2018): 94–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-03-2017-0010.
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Purpose Although prior research has indicated that ownership characteristics of a firm can influence how organizations are perceived, there is a gap in our understanding of the general associations that individuals have with the term “family firm.” Some argue that promoting a firm as family-owned can result in positive evaluations by stakeholders; others argue that it can result in negative perceptions about a firm. However, very few empirical projects have directly explored the associations that external stakeholders have with the term “family firm.” The purpose of this paper is to explore the associations that individuals in Switzerland have with the term “family firm.” Design/methodology/approach A two-stage study is conducted in this paper. In Stage 1 (n=138), the authors generated the list of associations that individuals had with the term “family firm.” The authors then categorized these associations into seven categories. In Stage 2 (n=321), the authors explored whether these associations were unique to family firms by asking participants in the “family firm” or the “publicly owned company” condition to assess which descriptors better represented the condition the characteristics of organizations in their conditions. Findings The findings indicate that there are seven general descriptor categories associated with the term “family firm.” These are: tradition and continuity, small and medium companies, trustworthiness, strong culture, corporate citizenship, professionalism, and career opportunities. The findings also indicate that individuals have different associations with the terms “family firm” and “publicly owned company.” While the term “family firm” is primarily associated with traditional, small, and trustworthy companies, the term “publicly owned company” is often associated with companies that are profit-oriented, large, and thought to offer superior career opportunities. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed. Originality/value This study continues to build our understanding of branding in family firms by helping us connect the term “family firm” with the direct associations in the mind of the audience. This is important because it can help practitioners and researchers better understand under which conditions promoting family firms will have a positive influence on consumers.
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Solovei, A. "Features of the legal regulation of the adoption of children by foreigners according to the family legislation of foreign countries." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 72 (November 16, 2022): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.27.
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In the scientific article, the author conducted a scientific study of the foreign experience of legal regulation of the adoption of children by foreigners, primarily according to the legislation of the European Union states and states adjacent to Ukraine. Based on the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that in the practice of states adjacent to Ukraine and states members of the European Union, there are three approaches to determining the procedure for adopting children by foreign citizens: through the definition of a national regime for foreigners, similar to that which exists for citizens of the relevant state (Latvia); through the determination of conflicts of laws with respect to the law applicable to adoption, which are defined in civil codes (Germany, France, Czech Republic) or separate laws on international private law (Spain, Switzerland); due to the establishment of a separate procedure for adoption (Bulgaria, Belarus, Moldova, Ireland) or an exceptional case of adoption of a child by foreigners using the same procedure for adoption, as with national adoption (Poland, Hungary). In the latter case, the possibility of international adoption is provided, if the child, after being transferred to a foster family, was not adopted in the state of his/her citizenship, because the measures taken to adopt the child were not successful, moreover, in Poland, exceptions to this rule are provided when there is a kinship relationship between the adopter and the adopted child or if the adopter has already adopted a brother or sister of the child being adopted. In the Republic of Bulgaria, foreigners wishing to adopt a child must obtain a permit for international adoption from the Minister of Justice, in the Republic of Belarus - in addition to the written permission for adoption from the Minister of Education, it is also necessary to obtain the child's consent for adoption, the child's stay in the relevant register for a year and the absence of an initiative by citizens of Belarus to adopt a child. In the case of international adoption of citizens of the Republic of Moldova, the ethnic origin of the child, his/her belonging to a certain culture, religion, language and other features that deserve attention must be taken into account; persons wishing to adopt a child must submit a special application - for international adoption, to the Ministry of Health, of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Moldova and the Department of Social Security and Protection of Family Rights as territorial guardianship bodies carry out preliminary and final selection of foreigners who wish to adopt a child who is a citizen of the Republic of Moldova.
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Möller, Johanna E., and Jakub Nowak. "Surveillance and privacy as emerging issues in communication and media studies. An introduction." Mediatization Studies 2 (June 26, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/ms.2018.2.7-15.
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Plümecke, Tino, Heiner Mikosch, Steffen Mohrenberg, Linda Supik, Isabelle Bartram, Nils Ellebrecht, Andrea zur Nieden, et al. "Differences in mortality in Switzerland by citizenship during the first and second COVID-19 waves: Analysis of death statistics." Frontiers in Public Health 10 (November 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.992122.
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BackgroundEarly in the COVID-19 pandemic, it became apparent that members of marginalized populations and immigrants were also at risk of being hospitalized and dying more frequently from COVID-19. To examine how the pandemic affected underserved and marginalized populations, we analyzed data on changes in the number of deaths among people with and without Swiss citizenship during the first and second SARS-CoV-2 waves.MethodWe analyzed the annual number of deaths from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office from 2015 to 2020, and weekly data from January 2020 to May 2021 on deaths of permanent residents with and without Swiss citizenship, and we differentiated the data through subdivision into age groups.ResultsPeople without Swiss citizenship show a higher increase in the number of deaths in 2020 than those who were Swiss citizens. The increase in deaths compared to the previous year was almost twice as high for people without Swiss citizenship (21.8%) as for those with it (11.4%). The breakdown by age group indicates that among people between the ages of 64 and 75, those without Swiss citizenship exhibited an increase in mortality (21.6%) that was four times higher than that for people with Swiss citizenship (4.7%).ConclusionThis study confirms that a highly specialized health care system, as is found in Switzerland, does not sufficiently guarantee that all parts of the population will be equally protected in a health crisis such as COVID-19.
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Gaber, Sophie N., Liv Thalén, Camilla W. Malinowsky, Isabel Margot-Cattin, Kishore Seetharaman, Habib Chaudhury, Malcolm Cutchin, et al. "Social Citizenship Through Out-of-Home Participation Among Older Adults With and Without Dementia." Journal of Applied Gerontology, June 30, 2022, 073346482211124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07334648221112425.
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There is limited empirical knowledge about how older adults living with dementia enact their social citizenship through out-of-home participation. This study aimed: (a) to investigate out-of-home participation among older adults with and without dementia in four countries and (b) to compare aspects of stability or change in out-of-home participation. Using a cross-sectional design, older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia and without dementia, aged 55 years and over, were interviewed using the Participation in ACTivities and Places OUTside the Home questionnaire in Canada ( n = 58), Sweden ( n = 69), Switzerland ( n = 70), and the United Kingdom ( n = 128). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a two-way analysis of variance. After adjustment for age, diagnosis of dementia and country of residence had significant effects on total out-of-home participation ( p < .01). The results contribute to policies and development of programs to facilitate social citizenship by targeting specific activities and places.