Dissertations / Theses: 'Citizenship Australia'

1

Maher, Simon. "The 'citizens' and 'citizenship' debates 'vernacular citizenship' and contemporary Australian politics and society /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070821.160030/index.html.

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2

Gibson, Lisanne, and L. Gibson@mailbox gu edu au. "Art and Citizenship- Governmental Intersections." Griffith University. School of Film, Media and Cultural Studies, 1999. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030226.085219.

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The thesis argues that the relations between culture and government are best viewed through an analysis of the programmatic and institutional contexts for the use of culture as an interface in the relations between citizenship and government. Discussion takes place through an analysis of the history of art programmes which, in seeking to target a 'general' population, have attempted to equip this population with various particular capacities. We aim to provide a history of rationalities of art administration. This will provide us with an approach through which we might understand some of the seemingly irreconcilable policy discourses which characterise contemporary discussion of government arts funding. Research for this thesis aims to make a contribution to historical research on arts institutions in Australia and provide a base from which to think about the role of government in culture in contemporary Australia. In order to reflect on the relations between government and culture the thesis discusses the key rationales for the conjunction of art, citizenship and government in post-World War Two (WWII) Australia to the present day. Thus, the thesis aims to contribute an overview of the discursive origins of the main contemporary rationales framing arts subvention in post-WWII Australia. The relations involved in the government of culture in late eighteenth-century France, nineteenth-century Britain, America in the 1930s and Britain during WWII are examined by way of arguing that the discursive influences on government cultural policy in Australia have been diverse. It is suggested in relation to present day Australian cultural policy that more effective terms of engagement with policy imperatives might be found in a history of the funding of culture which emphasises the plurality of relations between governmental programmes and the self-shaping activities of citizens. During this century there has been a shift in the political rationality which organises government in modern Western liberal democracies. The historical case studies which form section two of the thesis enable us to argue that, since WWII, cultural programmes have been increasingly deployed on the basis of a governmental rationality that can be described as advanced or neo-liberal. This is both in relation to the forms these programmes have taken and in relation to the character of the forms of conduct such programmes have sought to shape in the populations they act upon. Mechanisms characteristic of such neo-liberal forms of government are those associated with the welfare state and include cultural programmes. Analysis of governmental programmes using such conceptual tools allows us to interpret problems of modern social democratic government less in terms of oppositions between structure and agency and more in terms of the strategies and techniques of government which shape the activities of citizens. Thus, the thesis will approach the field of cultural management not as a field of monolithic decision making but as a domain in which there are a multiplicity of power effects, knowledges, and tactics, which react to, or are based upon, the management of the population through culture. The thesis consists of two sections. Section one serves primarily to establish a set of historical and theoretical co-ordinates on which the more detailed historical work of the thesis in section two will be based. We conclude by emphasising the necessity for the continuation of a mix of policy frameworks in the construction of the relations between art, government and citizenship which will encompass a focus on diverse and sometimes competing policy goals.

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3

Macduff, Anne. "Advance Australia Fair? Citizenship Law, Race and National Identity in Contemporary Australia." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/133589.

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Although the ‘White Australia policy’ was officially rejected over 40 years ago, this thesis argues that it continues to influence notions of belonging in Australia today. While racial exclusion from the national community was once achieved through discretionary mechanisms embedded in migration laws and policy, today, it is achieved through Australian citizenship laws and policy. This thesis critically examines the package of law reforms introduced in 2007, which subsequently became the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (Cth) (‘ACA’). It explores the extent to which Australian citizenship law enables or limits culturally diverse expressions of belonging in a liberal, multicultural and democratic nation. The thesis is underpinned by a critical race theory approach, which understands the relationship between law and culture as mutually constitutive. That is, it sees the law as not only reflecting social norms but participating in their production and reinforcement. The thesis draws out ways that Australian citizenship laws mobilise narratives of belonging which construct a racialised Australian national imaginary. Using a range of interdisciplinary approaches (including legal analysis, Critical Discourse Analysis and critical legal geography), the thesis identifies and analyses narratives about belonging circulating in three significant fields of public discourse; legal, political and media discourse. It argues that these public discourses articulate the meaning of the legal status of citizenship through racially exclusionary narratives about Australian values and an ‘Australian way of life’. The thesis argues that Australian citizenship law is an increasingly important site used to produce and sustain a racially exclusionary national imaginary. It analyses how narratives about Australian citizenship status are increasingly articulated in opposition to migrants generally, but the Muslim Other in particular. These racialised narratives of belonging are conveyed through decisions made under the ACA. Having identified how the law mobilises narratives which produce and sustain a White national imaginary, Judith Butler’s theory of performativity is used to identify some possible citizenship counter-narratives. It concludes that, contrary to official statements, Australian citizenship status does not facilitate an inclusive notion of national belonging. Instead, it is a mechanism that produces and sustains a White national imaginary.

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4

Anderson, Zoe Melantha Helen. "At the borders of belonging : representing cultural citizenship in Australia, 1973-1984." University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0176.

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[Truncated abstract] This thesis offers a re-contextualisation of multiculturalism and immigration in Australia in the 1970s and 80s in relation to crucial and progressive shifts in gender and sexuality. It provides new ways of examining issues of belonging and cultural citizenship in this field of inquiry, within an Australian context. The thesis explores the role sexuality played in creating a framework through which anxieties about immigration and multiculturalism manifested. It considers how debates about gender and sexuality provided fuel to concerns about ethnic diversity and breaches of the 'cultural' borders of Australia. I have chosen three significant historical moments in which anxieties around events relating to immigration/multiculturalism were most heightened: these are the beginning of the 'official' policy of multiculturalism in Australia in 1973; the arrival of large numbers of Vietnamese refugees as a consequence of the Vietnam War in 1979; and 1984, a year in which the furore over the alleged 'Asianisation' of Australia reached a peak. In these years, multiple and recurring representations served to recreate norms as applicable to the white heterosexual family, not only as a commentary and prescriptive device for migrants, but as a means of reinforcing 'Australianness' itself. A focus on the body as a border/site of belonging and in turn, crucially, its relationship to the heterosexual nuclear family as a marker of 'cultural citizenship', lies at the heart of this exploration. Normative ideas of gender and sexuality, I demonstrate, were integral in informing the ambivalence about multiculturalism and ethnic diversity in Australia. Indeed, for each of these years I examine how the discourses of gender and sexuality, evident for example in parliamentary debates such as that relating to the Sex Discrimination Act 1984, were intricately tied to ongoing concerns regarding growing non-white ethnicity in Australia, and indeed, enabled it. ... In pursuing this contribution, the work draws critically upon recent innovative interdisciplinary scholarship in the field of sexuality and immigration, and draws upon a broad range of sources to inform a comprehensive and complex examination of these issues. Sources employed include the major newspapers and periodicals of the time, Parliamentary debates from the Commonwealth House of Representatives, Parliamentary Committee findings and publications, speeches and polemics, and relevant legislation. This inquiry is an interrogation of a key methodological question: can sexuality, in its workings through ethnicity and 'race', be used as a primary tool of analysis in discussing how whiteness and 'Australianness' reconfigured itself through normative heteropatriarchy in an era that claimed to champion and celebrate difference? How and why did ambiguities concerning 'Australianness' prevail, concurrent with progressive and generally politically benign periods of Australian multiculturalism? The thesis argues that sexuality through the construction of the 'good white hetero-patriarchal family' both informed, and enabled, the endurance of anxieties around non-white ethnicity in Australia.

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5

Tibe-Bonifacio, Glenda Lynna Anne. "Filipino women and their citizenship in Australia in search of political space /." Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20041222.122054.

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6

Espinosa, Shirlita Africa. "Sexualised citizenship in print culture : an ethnography of Filipinos in Australia." Phd thesis, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9046.

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7

Chalon, Christopher. "Conflict and citizenship behaviour in Australian performing arts organisations." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Economics and Commerce, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0096.

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The managers of professional performing arts organisations are faced with a unique dilemma. They must support their artistic personnel, who are typically driven by the quest for new, challenging and experimental works, while achieving the economic success necessary for the continued viability of their organisations. Failing to effectively manage this artistic-economic dichotomy can result in a conflict between artists and managers that threatens the long-term survival of these organisations. There is a clear need, therefore, for arts managers to foster an organisational climate that minimises conflict, while promoting organisational citizenship behaviours (OCBs) such as sportsmanship (a willingness to tolerate less than ideal circumstances without complaining) and courtesy (a willingness to show sensitivity towards others and actively avoid creating problems for co-workers). The main aim of the present study was to examine the extent to which factors such as organisational structure, organisational culture and employees motivational orientation influence peoples perceptions of their job scope (as indicated by high levels of task variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback from the job), a construct which has been found to reduce organisational conflict and increase employees propensity to display OCBs. While these relationships have been suggested in previous research, they have not been tested in a performing arts industry context. The data analysed in the present study suggested an enjoyment motivational orientation, a challenge motivational orientation, an organic culture and formalisation positively influenced perceptions of job scope, which, in turn, positively influenced both OCBs (sportsmanship and courtesy). A challenge orientation also had a positive impact on sportsmanship, while sportsmanship positively and directly influenced courtesy. Centralisation was negatively related to perceived job scope and sportsmanship, although it had a positive impact on courtesy. Conflict was negatively influenced by formalisation and by an organic culture, but was positively influenced by a hierarchal culture.

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8

Kennedy, William Matthew. "Recolonizing Citizenship: Australia and the Ideal of Empire, 1867-1911." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16020.

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This thesis explores how an idea of Britain’s Empire as a global white republic grew up amongst many Australian colonists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, what political identities that ideal entailed for both themselves as British settlers, and those regarded as the colonial ‘other,’ and to what extent this ideal of Empire affected their actions in and behaviours towards the imperial world. The three chapters in the first section explore the conceptual foundations—sovereignty, property, and liberty—of the Australian vision of the British Empire as a metaphorical imperial republic. It first examines the role of the sovereign, Queen Victoria, in constituting it. It then studies Australian advocacy of certain kinds of imperial public property, specifically cable communications that many thought had the power to develop the political cohesion of empire. And third, it explores Australian colonial visions of the idea of Greater Britain, and how these visions underpinned the legal construction of rights and liberties in Australia and in Australia’s vision of their British empire. The second section explores how many Australian settler colonists and their political, intellectual, and moral leaders perceived certain obligations and privileges that shaped their behavior towards the wider world, Britain’s empire, and their own settler democracy. It turns to the examination of Australian colonial philanthropy towards British India, how Australian society justified, prepared for, and conducted armed conflict on the empire’s frontiers, and how such experiences, coupled with Australia’s ideal of empire, shaped the establishment and administration of Australia’s very own subsidiary to the British imperial project in the Pacific Islands. In using a wide assortment of sources and methods, the argument contributes towards bringing together key areas of imperial and Australian historiographies, emphasizing the connections, common processes, and intercolonial flows that animated and made possible Australia’s ideal of Empire.

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9

Baghdadi, Fadi. "Abnaa’u Marj el-Zhour: Lebanese Migration and Citizenship in Wollongong." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20697.

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The confessional system in Lebanon was designed in response to the diversity of cultures and religions in Lebanon’s sectarian society. However, Lebanese immigrant communities are commonly understood through their shared national identity. In Australia, the majority of Lebanese migrants emigrated from Northern Lebanon and settled in Western Sydney. This has resulted in the dominant image of Lebanese living in Australia constructed academically and discursively in the national imaginary through the experiences of Western Sydney Lebanese who emigrated from Northern Lebanon. Drawing on 38 semi-structured interviews from four generations of Lebanese migrants from Marj el-Zhour living in Wollongong, this study explores how Lebanese Muslim migrants living in Wollongong maintain the social relations of their transnational diaspora village, navigate questions surrounding their citizenship and political loyalty, and form their own localised ethnic and religious identities in the contemporary globalised multicultural nation-state. Like many high immigrant intake Western nations, Australia’s immigration policy in the 1970s and 1980s was one which asked unskilled migrants to assimilate and succumb to their proletarianization. However, a fundamental morality of social reciprocity fostered in the village of Marj el-Zhour, challenged the process of individuation and independence promoted by an individualist Australian capitalism. I draw on Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical framework of field, habitus, capital, and illusio to understand how the social relations of reciprocity that are fostered in Marj el-Zhour continue to orient and guide the migrants when navigating the new social, political, and economic environments they entered in the migration process. Migration studies documents the ways multicultural societies are comprised through the formation of ethnic communities. Drawing on the theoretical framework of Renato Rosaldo, I chart the increasing visibility of Lebanese ethnicity as marking one culturally visible and therefore signifying their distance from the dominant Anglo-Celtic culture of Australian society. Following the events of the 9/11 Islamist terrorist attacks in New York, international migration was increasingly framed as a security problem in the West and debate about Muslim difference in Australia and throughout the western world shifted from a discussion about cultural compatibility to a politics of loyalty. The marrying of a “security threat” and “politics of loyalty” symbolised through a transnationalised Muslim Other marks Lebanese Muslim citizens as visible through an essentialised cultural difference. In this environment, there is a conditionality of Muslim citizenship on the basis Muslim citizens continuously demonstrate their loyalty to the nation-state. This loyalty is signified by their commitment to achieving cultural invisibility. Therefore, I explore the various strategies Lebanese Muslims adopt to reduce their distance from the dominant Anglo-Celtic culture and overcome the conditionality of the citizenship in Australian society. However, Lebanese Muslim migrants living in Wollongong are not merely victims who endure, lacking agency in a social field which internationalises the conditionality of their citizenship. Rather, by understanding their experiences through the enduring influence of a culture of moral reciprocity and the generative properties of the habitus, I illustrate the ways Lebanese Muslim migrants in Wollongong actively engage with and affect social change in Australian society.

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10

Trenorden, Geoff. "The Deakinite myth exposed : other accounts of constitution-makers, constitutions and citizenship /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060502.151040.

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11

Sammut, Jeremy 1971. "The quest for civic virtue : citizenship and politics in federal Australia." Monash University, School of Historical Studies, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7610.

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12

Rowse, Tim. "White flour, white power : from rations to citizenship in Central Australia /." Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37104933x.

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13

Gibson, Lisanne. "Art and Citizenship- Governmental Intersections." Thesis, Griffith University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367010.

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The thesis argues that the relations between culture and government are best viewed through an analysis of the programmatic and institutional contexts for the use of culture as an interface in the relations between citizenship and government. Discussion takes place through an analysis of the history of art programmes which, in seeking to target a 'general' population, have attempted to equip this population with various particular capacities. We aim to provide a history of rationalities of art administration. This will provide us with an approach through which we might understand some of the seemingly irreconcilable policy discourses which characterise contemporary discussion of government arts funding. Research for this thesis aims to make a contribution to historical research on arts institutions in Australia and provide a base from which to think about the role of government in culture in contemporary Australia. In order to reflect on the relations between government and culture the thesis discusses the key rationales for the conjunction of art, citizenship and government in post-World War Two (WWII) Australia to the present day. Thus, the thesis aims to contribute an overview of the discursive origins of the main contemporary rationales framing arts subvention in post-WWII Australia. The relations involved in the government of culture in late eighteenth-century France, nineteenth-century Britain, America in the 1930s and Britain during WWII are examined by way of arguing that the discursive influences on government cultural policy in Australia have been diverse. It is suggested in relation to present day Australian cultural policy that more effective terms of engagement with policy imperatives might be found in a history of the funding of culture which emphasises the plurality of relations between governmental programmes and the self-shaping activities of citizens. During this century there has been a shift in the political rationality which organises government in modern Western liberal democracies. The historical case studies which form section two of the thesis enable us to argue that, since WWII, cultural programmes have been increasingly deployed on the basis of a governmental rationality that can be described as advanced or neo-liberal. This is both in relation to the forms these programmes have taken and in relation to the character of the forms of conduct such programmes have sought to shape in the populations they act upon. Mechanisms characteristic of such neo-liberal forms of government are those associated with the welfare state and include cultural programmes. Analysis of governmental programmes using such conceptual tools allows us to interpret problems of modern social democratic government less in terms of oppositions between structure and agency and more in terms of the strategies and techniques of government which shape the activities of citizens. Thus, the thesis will approach the field of cultural management not as a field of monolithic decision making but as a domain in which there are a multiplicity of power effects, knowledges, and tactics, which react to, or are based upon, the management of the population through culture. The thesis consists of two sections. Section one serves primarily to establish a set of historical and theoretical co-ordinates on which the more detailed historical work of the thesis in section two will be based. We conclude by emphasising the necessity for the continuation of a mix of policy frameworks in the construction of the relations between art, government and citizenship which will encompass a focus on diverse and sometimes competing policy goals.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Film, Media and Cultural Studies
Arts, Education and Law
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14

Cai, Tian M. "Astride two worlds: The Chinese response to changing citizenship in Western Australia (1901-1973)." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1199.

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Citizenship is central to understanding the nature of Chinese migrants and their relationships within the social and political environment in Australia. Utilising the concept of citizenship can be a new way to interpret the human experience of the Chinese survival in Australia and to show that a historical balance can be found between the Australian social environment on the one side and the Chinese experience in Australia on the other. How the Chinese community reacted to the changing issues in citizenship and attitudes towards Asian immigration become the focus of the thesis. This research is designed to ask how Chinese responded to changing issues in citizenship during the politically transitional periods of 1901-1973. The research deliberately focuses on the period commencing with the implementation of the ‘White Australia Policy’ to the official removal of this legislation , a period embracing two world wars and two Chinese revolutions, to enable the response of potentially different generations of Chinese to be analysed within these changing political and social contexts.

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15

Still, Caitlin Elisabeth. "The Drover’s Wife Speaks: A Literary and Cultural History of Maternal Citizenship in Australia, 1890–2020." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23747.

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This thesis interrogates the specific construction of the maternal citizen in Australia. While the patriarchal construction of motherhood is not an Australian phenomenon, the maternal has in a settler-colonial context been inextricable from nation-building projects. Through the study of a selection of Australian texts, published from the 1890s to the decade just past, demonstrated is how Australian women’s citizenship has been constructed in relation to their maternality—actual, potential, or presumed. Apparent, moreover, is the mutual implication of maternality and citizenship which has underpinned the regulation of all Australian women, with different consequences contingent on the desirability of varying maternalities according to the dominant culture. Where “good” motherhood has been attainable, it has been regulated in such a way as to uphold dominant national interests, including the perpetuation of colonialism. The representations I consider represent the maternal as a site both of hegemony and resistance. Argued, therefore, is that Australian women have across divisions of race and class been regulated by the dominant construct of maternal citizenship against their own interests, albeit with varying consequences. Explored, however, is the potential for an autonomous maternal citizenship to challenge the oppressive structures structuring the nation. Accordingly traced is the maternal citizen’s emergence as literary subject, in response to her objectification by dominant national narratives.

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16

Walsh, Lucas 1969. "For those who can climb? : a critique of the instrumental rationalisation of mass education and its relationship to democratic citizenship." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7959.

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17

Collin, Philippa J. "The Making of Good Citizens: Participation Policies, the Internet and Youth Political Identities in Australia and the United Kingdom." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5399.

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Collin, P. (2009) The Making of Good Citizens: Participation policies, the internet and youth political identities in Australia and the United Kingdom. PhD Thesis, University of Sydney. Abstract This thesis examines the relationship between youth participation policies, the internet and young people’s political participation. In recent times youth participation policies have become an increasingly popular solution to a range of perceived ‘issues’ related to young people: either problems of youth disengagement from democracy or their exclusion from democratic processes. At the same time, young people’s lives are increasingly mediated by information communication technologies: identity, social relationships, learning and cultural, political and economic practices are embedded in the internet and mobile usage. Consequently, the internet is being increasingly utilised to promote and implement the aims of these youth participation policies. Despite the need to understand the relationship between policy and practice, research rarely considers the relationship between policy, practice and young people’s views and experiences. This thesis addresses this gap in the literature by looking at what participation means in youth policy, in the practice of non-government organisations and for young people themselves. It engages directly with young people’s experiences and in doing so moves beyond questions of mobilisation and reinforcement. Instead it examines the diversity of ways in which young people conceptualise and practice participation, both online and offline. It also relates their views and actions to broader changes in governance and democracy and draws on contemporary theories of political identity and citizenship to make sense of the way that young people view, and exercise, citizenship. This study draws on original qualitative research generated in a comparative study of Australia and the United Kingdom. The experiences of young people in two national non-government organisations are studied and explored in relation to the policy discourses on youth and participation in each country setting. This study has drawn on participant observation, document analysis and in-depth interviews with twenty four young people and eight executive staff and board members across the two country settings. This thesis provides an in-depth account of how young people conceptualise and practice politics. In doing so, it argues, firstly, that the political identities of young people are shaped by dominant discourses of youth and participation and that youth participation policies are transforming the ways that young people conceptualise participation and engage in participatory activities. Although participation policies are often intended to connect young people to government policy making processes, young people remain cynical about the interest and ability of governments to recognise and respond to their views. They see governments and politicians as remote from their lives and the issues they cared about. Comparatively, they demonstrate a passionate commitment to causes, to personally defined acts incorporated in their everyday lives through local volunteering and contributing to national initiatives. Furthermore, these young people reject traditional hierarchies, show significant commitment to action over ideology and value the cultural and interpersonal dimensions of participation. They often conceptualise participation as everyday acts through networks that transcend traditional models of membership-based organisations, of state-oriented politics, of locally-based action and of formal and informal policy making processes. Secondly, young people use the Internet for a diverse range of participation activities. The internet facilitates activities which bring together the political, cultural, social and economic dimensions of young people’s lives. For instance, participatory activities, friendships, study, hobbies and consumer activities were often interwoven as young people discussed participation. However, the picture that emerged in this thesis is that the agency and autonomy that young people value in online participation contrasts starkly with government policies which favour structured, managed, prescribed processes for youth participation both on and offline. Thirdly, whilst participation policies have opened up new access points to policy-making from which young people have traditionally been excluded, they tend to legitimise managed forms of participation and de-legitimise others. Consequently, participation policies, in their present form, tend to exacerbate, rather than remedy problems of elitism and can further alienate young people from political elites. Furthermore, as discourses of participation are becoming more prevalent in the non-government sector, young people are increasingly oriented away from government towards other actors. This thesis finds that young people are becoming more, not less, alienated from formal politics as they find more resonance in non-government processes and feel more excluded from the processes of government.

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18

Collin, Philippa J. "The Making of Good Citizens: Participation Policies, the Internet and Youth Political Identities in Australia and the United Kingdom." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5399.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Collin, P. (2009) The Making of Good Citizens: Participation policies, the internet and youth political identities in Australia and the United Kingdom. PhD Thesis, University of Sydney. Abstract This thesis examines the relationship between youth participation policies, the internet and young people’s political participation. In recent times youth participation policies have become an increasingly popular solution to a range of perceived ‘issues’ related to young people: either problems of youth disengagement from democracy or their exclusion from democratic processes. At the same time, young people’s lives are increasingly mediated by information communication technologies: identity, social relationships, learning and cultural, political and economic practices are embedded in the internet and mobile usage. Consequently, the internet is being increasingly utilised to promote and implement the aims of these youth participation policies. Despite the need to understand the relationship between policy and practice, research rarely considers the relationship between policy, practice and young people’s views and experiences. This thesis addresses this gap in the literature by looking at what participation means in youth policy, in the practice of non-government organisations and for young people themselves. It engages directly with young people’s experiences and in doing so moves beyond questions of mobilisation and reinforcement. Instead it examines the diversity of ways in which young people conceptualise and practice participation, both online and offline. It also relates their views and actions to broader changes in governance and democracy and draws on contemporary theories of political identity and citizenship to make sense of the way that young people view, and exercise, citizenship. This study draws on original qualitative research generated in a comparative study of Australia and the United Kingdom. The experiences of young people in two national non-government organisations are studied and explored in relation to the policy discourses on youth and participation in each country setting. This study has drawn on participant observation, document analysis and in-depth interviews with twenty four young people and eight executive staff and board members across the two country settings. This thesis provides an in-depth account of how young people conceptualise and practice politics. In doing so, it argues, firstly, that the political identities of young people are shaped by dominant discourses of youth and participation and that youth participation policies are transforming the ways that young people conceptualise participation and engage in participatory activities. Although participation policies are often intended to connect young people to government policy making processes, young people remain cynical about the interest and ability of governments to recognise and respond to their views. They see governments and politicians as remote from their lives and the issues they cared about. Comparatively, they demonstrate a passionate commitment to causes, to personally defined acts incorporated in their everyday lives through local volunteering and contributing to national initiatives. Furthermore, these young people reject traditional hierarchies, show significant commitment to action over ideology and value the cultural and interpersonal dimensions of participation. They often conceptualise participation as everyday acts through networks that transcend traditional models of membership-based organisations, of state-oriented politics, of locally-based action and of formal and informal policy making processes. Secondly, young people use the Internet for a diverse range of participation activities. The internet facilitates activities which bring together the political, cultural, social and economic dimensions of young people’s lives. For instance, participatory activities, friendships, study, hobbies and consumer activities were often interwoven as young people discussed participation. However, the picture that emerged in this thesis is that the agency and autonomy that young people value in online participation contrasts starkly with government policies which favour structured, managed, prescribed processes for youth participation both on and offline. Thirdly, whilst participation policies have opened up new access points to policy-making from which young people have traditionally been excluded, they tend to legitimise managed forms of participation and de-legitimise others. Consequently, participation policies, in their present form, tend to exacerbate, rather than remedy problems of elitism and can further alienate young people from political elites. Furthermore, as discourses of participation are becoming more prevalent in the non-government sector, young people are increasingly oriented away from government towards other actors. This thesis finds that young people are becoming more, not less, alienated from formal politics as they find more resonance in non-government processes and feel more excluded from the processes of government.

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19

Innes, J. G. "Civics and citizenship education in NSW secondary schools : case studies of the impact of authoritative expert content and multimedia technology in the classroom." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18100.

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This study examines teachers’ perspectives and experiences with civics and citizenship education (CCE) in secondary school classrooms in NSW. It investigates the pedagogical approaches of teachers of History and Geography in CCE and the ways in which technology is used in teaching practice. It is a study based on qualitative research methods and design. The research methodology adopts a multiple case study approach that incorporates an action research orientation. Sixteen teachers participated in the study in five NSW secondary schools. The research findings revealed that teachers approached CCE with reference to the NSW syllabus in a diverse range of ways. These approaches were categorised as follows: empathetic, rights and responsibilities based, values based, community based, and critically inquiring. While teachers tended to adopt a mix of these approaches in classroom teaching practice, the above approaches were discemable. Teaching approaches to CCE depended on several factors including school context, levels of student literacy and language skills, access to technology, and length of teaching experience. The research revealed the complex nature of the challenges facing CCE teachers in response to changing contemporary local, national and international events. The findings identify a continuing need for pre-service training, inservice training and professional development in CCE for secondary school teachers. Data gathered on teachers’ use of technology in classroom teaching showed differences in the pedagogical approaches adopted by CCE teachers in different schools. Differences in teaching approaches were shaped by teachers’ access to equipment and facilities, communication networks, and maintenance and support of technology for classroom teaching. The ‘digital divide’ revealed by the data influenced the ways in which participating teachers approached the use of technology for classroom teaching. The wider opportunities that existed in some schools to engage technology appeared to extend teacher’s ability to build knowledge of content and teaching (KCT) and knowledge of students and content (KSC) with respect to the use of technology. Limited and unequal access to technology for classroom teaching practice holds implications for the development of teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). A technological ‘digital divide’ has the potential to be mirrored in a ‘pedagogical divide’ in approaches to teaching with varied possibilities and outcomes for teachers and students in different schools. In addition to investigating existing teaching practice, in secondary schools this study explored different pedagogical approaches to CCE in the classroom. The action research orientation adopted relied on the earlier investigation of classroom practice with participating teachers. The methods that were applied combined authoritative expert content (AEC), instructional strategies, and video technology. The study explored the perceived impact of these methods on teacher knowledge and student knowledge in classroom settings. The research design facilitated the use of AEC in classrooms with participating teachers and over 800 secondary school students from 2002- 2005. Participating teachers perceived student involvement with AEC in the classroom as beneficial to student motivation and knowledge building in civics and citizenship within the NSW syllabus. The impact of AEC on teacher knowledge suggested an enhancement of teacher content knowledge with particular emphasis on specialised content knowledge (SCK) in CCE. Teacher’s participation in the study was perceived to have enhanced pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in CCE to some extent. The pedagogical methods based on AEC and the use of video technology demonstrated a capacity to stimulate learning and build knowledge through collaborative teaching partnerships in CCE.

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Podkalicka, Aneta Monika. "Lost in translation? Language policy, media and community in the EU and Australia : some lessons from the SBS." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16696/1/Aneta_Podkalicka_Thesis.pdf.

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Cultural diversity is a central issue of our times, although with different emphases in the European and Australian context. Media and communication studies have begun to draw on work in translation studies to understand how diversity is experienced across hybrid cultures. Translation is required both for multilingual (multicultural) societies such as Australia and for trans-national entities such as the European Union. Translation is also of increasing importance politically and even emotionally as individual nations and regions face the challenge of globalisation, migration, and the Americanisation of media content. The thesis draws on cultural and media policy analysis. Programming strategies are reviewed and 'conversational' interviews conducted with broadcasting managers and staff at SBS Australia and across multilingual public broadcasters in the EU (BBC WS, Deutsche Welle, ARTE, Radio Multikulti Berlin, Barcelona Televisió). These are used to investigate the issues, challenges, and uses of the multilingual broadcasting logic for Australia's and Europe's cultural realities. This thesis uses the concept of 'translation' as a key metaphor for bridging differences and establishing connections among multicultural citizens in the context of the European Union and Australia. It is proposed that of the two versions of translation - institutional in the EU and mediated in Australia respectively - the mediated version has achieved higher success in engaging ordinary citizens in more affective, informal and everyday forms of cross-cultural communication. Specifically, the experience of the Special Broadcasting Service (Australia's multilingual and multicultural public broadcaster) serves as a model to illuminate the cultural consequences of the failure of the EU to develop translation practices beyond the level of official, institutional and political communication. The main finding is the identification of a need for more mediated interlingual exchange; that is a translation of language policy in Europe into media experience for ordinary citizen-consumers, at both institutional and textual levels.

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Podkalicka, Aneta Monika. "Lost in translation? Language policy, media and community in the EU and Australia : some lessons from the SBS." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16696/.

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Cultural diversity is a central issue of our times, although with different emphases in the European and Australian context. Media and communication studies have begun to draw on work in translation studies to understand how diversity is experienced across hybrid cultures. Translation is required both for multilingual (multicultural) societies such as Australia and for trans-national entities such as the European Union. Translation is also of increasing importance politically and even emotionally as individual nations and regions face the challenge of globalisation, migration, and the Americanisation of media content. The thesis draws on cultural and media policy analysis. Programming strategies are reviewed and 'conversational' interviews conducted with broadcasting managers and staff at SBS Australia and across multilingual public broadcasters in the EU (BBC WS, Deutsche Welle, ARTE, Radio Multikulti Berlin, Barcelona Televisió). These are used to investigate the issues, challenges, and uses of the multilingual broadcasting logic for Australia's and Europe's cultural realities. This thesis uses the concept of 'translation' as a key metaphor for bridging differences and establishing connections among multicultural citizens in the context of the European Union and Australia. It is proposed that of the two versions of translation - institutional in the EU and mediated in Australia respectively - the mediated version has achieved higher success in engaging ordinary citizens in more affective, informal and everyday forms of cross-cultural communication. Specifically, the experience of the Special Broadcasting Service (Australia's multilingual and multicultural public broadcaster) serves as a model to illuminate the cultural consequences of the failure of the EU to develop translation practices beyond the level of official, institutional and political communication. The main finding is the identification of a need for more mediated interlingual exchange; that is a translation of language policy in Europe into media experience for ordinary citizen-consumers, at both institutional and textual levels.

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ROY, HAIMANTI. "CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN POST PARTITION BENGAL, 1947-65." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147886544.

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Yeung, Ho Yi Polly. "An investigation of citizenship participation of young adults with and without cerebral palsy." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1859.

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Citizenship participation by young adults has reciprocal benefits for both individuals and society. Capacity to participate in activities that positively influence the community is indicative of healthy individuals and healthy communities. While there are some studies on citizenship participation among adolescents, little empirical evidence exists regarding the meaning of, or practical participation in citizenship activities by young adults in contemporary Australia society, and particularly those who have a disability such as cerebral palsy (CP).This study investigated citizenship participation and identified factors that influenced citizenship participation in young adults with and without a disability, particularly CP. The study occurred in three phases: (1) a qualitative phase; (2) a quantitative, cross-sectional phase; and (3) a consultation phase.The aim of Phase 1 was to develop a measurement of citizenship participation based on literature and consultation with key stakeholders. Before proceeding to the item development, the ideas of how young adults in general perceived the underlying meanings of citizen participation and how they classified social and civic activities were explored through focus groups and individual interviews. A pool of 36 items was initially developed based on a critical review of participation instruments. The process of developing a suitable measurement was undertaken by item reduction, thus generating a list of 29 items. This led to the development of a self-report survey instrument of the Citizenship Inventory (CI) to measure citizenship participation. Psychometric properties of the CI were evaluated.Phase 2 involved identifying potential factors influencing citizenship participation. Supported by qualitative findings and propositions in the literature, it was predicted that citizenship participation was shaped by a number of factors labelled as civic communication, sense of place, life values and physical and social conditions, via the mediators of self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Measures of proposed independent variables and the two mediating factors identified above were then employed with a sample of 434 typical young adults, using a cross-sectional survey design. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to investigate the interrelationships of the variables and for testing the goodness-of-fit. The identified variables contributing to citizenship participation in the typical young adults were used to compare against 60 young adults with CP.The results from modelling demonstrated that: 1) citizenship participation is influenced by the personal, social and environmental factors, which is multidimensional and subject to ongoing changes; 2) early positive activity participation creates later engagement in citizenship activities; 3) young adults’ social contexts are important socializing agents that promote citizenship participation; 4) young adults’ values influence civic participation; and 5) life satisfaction and self-efficacy are important mediating factors of citizenship participation.Similar to the typical young adults, young adults with CP developed their capacity for civic service and participation through social relationships and social memberships (formal and informal). The overall results suggest that that young adults with and without disabilities must be supported across many contexts – homes, jobs, social and community situations – to utilize their skills and abilities to actively participate in citizenship activities.Phase Three involved consulting key stakeholders, based on the research findings from the previous two phases, to identify key priorities for enhancing citizenship participation specifically for young adults with CP. These key priorities in turn helped shaping a framework of recommendations for future directions on how to promote and sustain citizenship participation in young adults with CP. The expert panel consisted of eight stakeholders who identified key priorities during a group discussion meeting using Nominal Group Techniques (NGT). Several key topics were evident in this list of priorities nominated by this group. Many of the ideas endorsed by the expert panel on enhancing citizenship participation mirrored the outcomes from the citizenship participation model. They stemmed from the principles of focusing on positive social networks, ongoing skills development, providing customised services, support and information, adopting a holistic lifespan perspective, and linking and providing real-world opportunities and experiences. Priorities identified were grouped into four main recommendations: (1) customise the types of services for each individual; (2) develop strategies to increase positive family and peer support; (3) young adults with a disability seen as competent community builders; and (4) building individual capacity.The present research sought to add to the current knowledge in understanding the changing experiences of citizenship participation of young adults living in Australia and whether young adults with a disability, particularly those with CP shared the same or different citizenship experiences as their non-disabled peers. Findings demonstrate that ideas about citizenship participation are not homogenous as they depend on circumstances. For young adults with and without CP, their citizenship identity is believed to be shaped by age, by societal expectations and by personal experiences. This thesis provides practical implications and a framework for service providers and policy makers that can be implemented to promote positive citizenship participation. This thesis also provides a rationale for further research to investigate other methodologies that enables researchers to explore the positioning and experiences of young adults’ participation in social and civic actions in this changing world.

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Heck, Deborah Anne, and n/a. "Discovering Discourses of Citizenship Education: In the Environment Related Sections of Australia's 'Discovering Democracy School Materials' Project." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030905.115718.

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This study explores the impact of neoliberal education policies on the discourses of citizenship and citizenship education in an Australian citizenship education project entitled 'Discovering Democracy School Materials.' This project is the largest national curriculum development project in Australia and represents the official discourses of citizenship in Australia. The materials were developed in response to concern about the poor understanding of civics and citizenship in Australia and the lack of quality citizenship education materials and background information for teachers. The scope of the study was managed by focusing on a corpus of twelve text groups, selected from the materials because they related to the environment - an area of citizenship of interest to young people and which allows consideration of recent trends in the practice of citizenship. An approach to critical discourse analysis recommended by Fairclough (1992) was used. This involved a three-step process of identifying and analysing: (i) the discourse evident in the words in the text, (ii) the processes of production, dissemination and consumption of the texts, and (iii) the contextual social and cultural practices that influenced the development of the text. There were six steps in the discourse analysis. The first involved identifying the corpus related to the environment. The second was to identify and describe the discourses of citizenship and citizenship education evident in the text. The third involved interviewing key participants in the processes of text production, dissemination and consumption to ascertain their perceptions of the discourses evident in the texts. The fourth was an analysis of these interviews to interpret the discourses participants acknowledged as being within the text and the discursive practices that operated to establish those discourses. The sixth was an explanation of the impact of neoliberalism on the development of the materials. The results indicate that two discourses of citizenship and citizenship education were dominant within the materials - Legal Status and Public Practice. The same two discourses were evident in the interviews with key participants in the processes of text production, dissemination and consumption. In all cases, the materials lacked any evidence of the citizenship or citizenship education discourses of Democratic Identity, World Citizenship and Democratic Participation, although Democratic Identity was a minor aspect of one of the twelve text groups. A range of discursive practices related to neoliberalism was identified as influential on this pattern of discourses. Perceptions of teacher deficiency were influential in the process of text production as was the power of key individuals and groups such as the national education minister and his department, a government-appointed Civics Education Group, the Curriculum Corporation and, to a much lesser extent, teacher professional associations. Two discursive practices were influenced in text dissemination: the materials were provided free of charge to all schools and extensive professional development was provided. These provided significant inducements to teachers to use the materials. Discursive practices operating in the process of text consumption provided added inducement by showing teachers how to select key components of the materials for local use. However, this concern for local context was undermined by the extreme strength of the presentation of what counts as legitimate citizenship and the lack of opportunity for alternative or resistant readings of the texts. Three aspects of neoliberalism were seen as especially influential in these discursive practices - the strong focus on the development of legitimate knowledge, marketisation, and an emphasis on the need for evaluation. The study concludes with an examination of the implications of the findings to identify recommendations for teachers, teacher educators, materials developers and opportunities for further research.

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Heck, Deborah Anne. "Discovering Discourses of Citizenship Education: In the Environment Related Sections of Australia's 'Discovering Democracy School Materials' Project." Thesis, Griffith University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367543.

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This study explores the impact of neoliberal education policies on the discourses of citizenship and citizenship education in an Australian citizenship education project entitled 'Discovering Democracy School Materials.' This project is the largest national curriculum development project in Australia and represents the official discourses of citizenship in Australia. The materials were developed in response to concern about the poor understanding of civics and citizenship in Australia and the lack of quality citizenship education materials and background information for teachers. The scope of the study was managed by focusing on a corpus of twelve text groups, selected from the materials because they related to the environment - an area of citizenship of interest to young people and which allows consideration of recent trends in the practice of citizenship. An approach to critical discourse analysis recommended by Fairclough (1992) was used. This involved a three-step process of identifying and analysing: (i) the discourse evident in the words in the text, (ii) the processes of production, dissemination and consumption of the texts, and (iii) the contextual social and cultural practices that influenced the development of the text. There were six steps in the discourse analysis. The first involved identifying the corpus related to the environment. The second was to identify and describe the discourses of citizenship and citizenship education evident in the text. The third involved interviewing key participants in the processes of text production, dissemination and consumption to ascertain their perceptions of the discourses evident in the texts. The fourth was an analysis of these interviews to interpret the discourses participants acknowledged as being within the text and the discursive practices that operated to establish those discourses. The sixth was an explanation of the impact of neoliberalism on the development of the materials. The results indicate that two discourses of citizenship and citizenship education were dominant within the materials - Legal Status and Public Practice. The same two discourses were evident in the interviews with key participants in the processes of text production, dissemination and consumption. In all cases, the materials lacked any evidence of the citizenship or citizenship education discourses of Democratic Identity, World Citizenship and Democratic Participation, although Democratic Identity was a minor aspect of one of the twelve text groups. A range of discursive practices related to neoliberalism was identified as influential on this pattern of discourses. Perceptions of teacher deficiency were influential in the process of text production as was the power of key individuals and groups such as the national education minister and his department, a government-appointed Civics Education Group, the Curriculum Corporation and, to a much lesser extent, teacher professional associations. Two discursive practices were influenced in text dissemination: the materials were provided free of charge to all schools and extensive professional development was provided. These provided significant inducements to teachers to use the materials. Discursive practices operating in the process of text consumption provided added inducement by showing teachers how to select key components of the materials for local use. However, this concern for local context was undermined by the extreme strength of the presentation of what counts as legitimate citizenship and the lack of opportunity for alternative or resistant readings of the texts. Three aspects of neoliberalism were seen as especially influential in these discursive practices - the strong focus on the development of legitimate knowledge, marketisation, and an emphasis on the need for evaluation. The study concludes with an examination of the implications of the findings to identify recommendations for teachers, teacher educators, materials developers and opportunities for further research.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Jenkings, Patricia Anne Bernadette. "Australian political elites and citizenship education for "New Australians" 1945-1960." Connect to full text, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/815.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002.
Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 24, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of Education. Degree awarded 2002; thesis submitted 2001. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

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Tucker, Tony Ralph, and n/a. "Corporate Governance in the Australian Public Service. An examination of success andfailure, with particular reference to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship." University of Canberra. n/a, 2008. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20081209.091200.

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The introduction of New Public Management reforms to the Australian Public Service in the 1980s and 1990s marked a substantial shift away from the traditional process-based public sector model to a market-driven one. These reforms accelerated with the election of the Howard government in 1996, which moved the public sector to become more like the private sector, but failed to address directly the changes needed in accountability and control of the APS. This study explores the evolution of corporate governance as a means of filling that gap in the APS. The ultimate responsibility for ensuring corporate governance is appropriately applied in departments of state rests jointly with the minister and the secretary, in their roles in administering and managing the organisation, and in particular fostering and modelling appropriate organisation citizenship behaviour. Corporate governance exists In the APS, as in the private sector, as a dichotomy offormal and informal elements, and the informal elements play a paramount role in achieving results for government that are lawful, fair and reasonable; adherence to formal corporate governance processes alone is insufficient to protect an organisation from failure. The example of DIMA was used to demonstrate that even an organisation with a proud international record in assisting the most vulnerable in the world through its refugee and humanitarian programs can fail if its corporate governance mechanisms are not universally and correctly applied throughout the organisation, resulting in outcomes described as "catastrophic" for the individuals concerned.

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Parkinson, Naomi Gabrielle. "Elections in the mid-nineteenth century British Empire." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277097.

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This thesis presents a comparative analysis of the operation and significance of elections in the British colonies of Jamaica, New South Wales and the Cape, from 1849-1860, with a particular focus on the creation and reconstruction of ideas of politically-entitled British subjecthood over this period. Beginning with the first elections under a system of representative government in New South Wales and the Cape, and the early elections of the post-emancipation period in Jamaica, it questions how residents within these sites engaged with elections via the cultures of the canvass, public meetings, open nominations and viva voce polling. Through this study, I show how mid-century elections became critical sites for the articulation of social tensions and long-standing rivalries between competing settler groups within each of these colonies. I argue that the franchise, although highly demonstrative of the Colonial Office and settlers’ attempts to reconcile the respective competing histories of and justifications for colonisation, was often frustrated in practice. Cultures of violence, the manipulation of land-values, double-voting and bribery provided avenues through which laws governing the right to vote were transcended during elections. Through this thesis, I show how both residents and officials used such mechanisms to reshape the function and meaning of the franchise. I also show the lasting implications of such changes, particularly for their impact on nascent attitudes to race. Via a close examination of case studies across the three sites, this history broadens understandings of the mid-century as a period in which locally-elected legislatures increasingly became the prerogative of white ‘settler’ colonies and political rights increasingly centred on an individual, defined by his race and gender, as well as his class. Although affirming the importance of the period, it shows the complexities and inconsistencies of attempts to define the boundaries of enfranchisement over this period, and the impact of struggles to achieve it via changes to electoral law and practice. The comparison between New South Wales, the Cape and Jamaica illuminates the manner through which global discourses of reform, including those relating to bribery, privacy and order, would come to be repurposed within each site. It also serves to reinforce the striking role that attitudes to race would come to play in the formation and regulation of electoral practice across the British Empire. In this manner, this thesis aims to advance imperial historiography by highlighting the role of electoral culture as a reflection of and instigating factor in wider reconceptions of political rights across the British colonial world.

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Ebbeck, Genevieve. "Australian citizenship /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe155.pdf.

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30

JENKINGS, PATRICIA ANNE BERNADETTE. "Australian Political Elites and Citizenship Education for 'New Australians' 1945-1960." University of Sydney. Policy and Practice, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/815.

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This educational history thesis contributes to knowledge of citizenship education in Australia during the 1940s and 1950s. It provides unique perspectives on an important part of Australian citizenship educational history. This examination of citizenship education also helps to explain contemporary trends and the recent revival of citizenship education in multicultural Australia. Following the Second World War, Australian political leaders initiated an unprecedented immigration programme to help develop and defend post-war Australia. The programme enjoyed bipartisan support and was extraordinary in terms of magnitude and nature. It became the catalyst for a citizenship education campaign orchestrated by Federal political leaders for the benefit of all Australians. The citizenship education campaign was, however, primarily aimed at non-British adult migrants. The intention of the Federal Government was to maintain the cultural hegemony of the Anglo-Celts evident in pre-war Australia. In accordance with government policy, the new arrivals were expected to assimilate into the Australian community and become loyal citizens. Citizenship rested on a common national language and thus, the focus was on teaching migrants of non-British origin English for the workplace, everyday intercourse and, as a means to dissuade migrant enclaves. This thesis comprises of three sections which illustrate how the citizenship education campaign was extended through: (i) official education channels; (ii) the media, specifically the Australian Broadcasting Commission; and (iii) annual citizenship conventions which encompasses a case study of the Good Neighbour Movement in New South Wales. These particular areas have been chosen as they identify important and different ways the campaign was expressed and funded. Discussion of the financial arrangements concerning the implementation of the campaign is important as it uniquely illustrates the power of the Federal authorities to direct the campaign as they considered necessary. It also highlights conflict between Federal and State authorities in dealing with the education of new arrivals, primarily due to the traditional two-tier system of government extant in Australia. The general theoretical framework of this thesis emanates from concepts and ideas of writers who illustrate, in general, the concentration of power within Australia society and supports this work's notion of a `top-down' paradigm, i.e. one invariably directed by the nation's political leaders. This paradigm is presented in an effort to provide an appreciation of the powerful nature of the Federal Government's immigration policy and citizenship education campaign in the dramatic post-war reconstruction period. The thesis is related to an elite theory of political change but with due consideration to issues of context, that is, Australian society in the 1940s and 1950s. Understanding that there was a citizenship education campaign provides a novel means of appreciating post-war immigration policy. The campaign embedded and tied together multifarious notions extant in the Australian Government policy for the Australian community in meeting the challenges of a nation experiencing massive social and economic change. Significantly, this study helps to explain the shift from the Anglo-Celtic, mono-cultural view of citizenship to one that officially recognises the culturally diverse nature of Australian society today.

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31

Jenkins, Patricia Anne Bernadette. "Australian Political Elites and Citizenship Education for 'New Australians' 1945-1960." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/815.

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This educational history thesis contributes to knowledge of citizenship education in Australia during the 1940s and 1950s. It provides unique perspectives on an important part of Australian citizenship educational history. This examination of citizenship education also helps to explain contemporary trends and the recent revival of citizenship education in multicultural Australia. Following the Second World War, Australian political leaders initiated an unprecedented immigration programme to help develop and defend post-war Australia. The programme enjoyed bipartisan support and was extraordinary in terms of magnitude and nature. It became the catalyst for a citizenship education campaign orchestrated by Federal political leaders for the benefit of all Australians. The citizenship education campaign was, however, primarily aimed at non-British adult migrants. The intention of the Federal Government was to maintain the cultural hegemony of the Anglo-Celts evident in pre-war Australia. In accordance with government policy, the new arrivals were expected to assimilate into the Australian community and become loyal citizens. Citizenship rested on a common national language and thus, the focus was on teaching migrants of non-British origin English for the workplace, everyday intercourse and, as a means to dissuade migrant enclaves. This thesis comprises of three sections which illustrate how the citizenship education campaign was extended through: (i) official education channels; (ii) the media, specifically the Australian Broadcasting Commission; and (iii) annual citizenship conventions which encompasses a case study of the Good Neighbour Movement in New South Wales. These particular areas have been chosen as they identify important and different ways the campaign was expressed and funded. Discussion of the financial arrangements concerning the implementation of the campaign is important as it uniquely illustrates the power of the Federal authorities to direct the campaign as they considered necessary. It also highlights conflict between Federal and State authorities in dealing with the education of new arrivals, primarily due to the traditional two-tier system of government extant in Australia. The general theoretical framework of this thesis emanates from concepts and ideas of writers who illustrate, in general, the concentration of power within Australia society and supports this work's notion of a `top-down' paradigm, i.e. one invariably directed by the nation's political leaders. This paradigm is presented in an effort to provide an appreciation of the powerful nature of the Federal Government's immigration policy and citizenship education campaign in the dramatic post-war reconstruction period. The thesis is related to an elite theory of political change but with due consideration to issues of context, that is, Australian society in the 1940s and 1950s. Understanding that there was a citizenship education campaign provides a novel means of appreciating post-war immigration policy. The campaign embedded and tied together multifarious notions extant in the Australian Government policy for the Australian community in meeting the challenges of a nation experiencing massive social and economic change. Significantly, this study helps to explain the shift from the Anglo-Celtic, mono-cultural view of citizenship to one that officially recognises the culturally diverse nature of Australian society today.

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32

Tam, King Wa. "Labour, social and health outcomes of immigrants in Australia : effects of language proficiency using the IV approach." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60256/1/King_Wa_Tam_Thesis.pdf.

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Language has been of interest to numerous economists since the late 20th century, with the majority of the studies focusing on its effects on immigrants’ labour market outcomes; earnings in particular. However, language is an endogenous variable, which along with its susceptibility to measurement error causes biases in ordinary-least-squares estimates. The instrumental variables method overcomes the shortcomings of ordinary least squares in modelling endogenous explanatory variables. In this dissertation, age at arrival combined with country of origin form an instrument creating a difference-in-difference scenario, to address the issue of endogeneity and attenuation error in language proficiency. The first half of the study aims to investigate the extent to which English speaking ability of immigrants improves their labour market outcomes and social assimilation in Australia, with the use of the 2006 Census. The findings have provided evidence that support the earlier studies. As expected, immigrants in Australia with better language proficiency are able to earn higher income, attain higher level of education, have higher probability of completing tertiary studies, and have more hours of work per week. Language proficiency also improves social integration, leading to higher probability of marriage to a native and higher probability of obtaining citizenship. The second half of the study further investigates whether language proficiency has similar effects on a migrant’s physical and mental wellbeing, health care access and lifestyle choices, with the use of three National Health Surveys. However, only limited evidence has been found with respect to the hypothesised causal relationship between language and health for Australian immigrants.

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Wise, Rod. "Deepening Australian democracy : what can schools do? /." Connect to thesis, 2000. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000695.

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34

Mays, Jennifer. "Australia's disabling income support system : tracing the history of the Australian disability income support system 1908 to 2007 : disablism, citizenship and the basic income proposal." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/59604/1/Jennifer_Mays_Thesis.pdf.

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The present study examined the historical basis of the Australian disability income support system from 1908 to 2007. Although designed as a safety net for people with a disability, the disability income support system within Australia has been highly targeted. The original eligibility criteria of "permanently incapacitated for work", medical criteria and later "partially capacitated for work" potentially contained ideological inferences that permeated across the time period. This represents an important area for study given the potential consequence for disability income support to marginalise people with a disability. Social policy and disability policy theorists, including Saunders (2007, Social Policy Research Centre [SPRC]) and Gibilisco (2003) have provided valuable insight into some of the effects of disability policy and poverty. Yet while these theorists argued for some form of income support they did not propose a specific form of income security for further exploration. Few studies have undertaken a comprehensive review of the history of disability income support within the Australian context. This thesis sought to redress these gaps by examining disability income support policy within Australia. The research design consisted of an in-depth critical historical-comparative policy analysis methodology. The use of critical historical-comparative policy analysis allowed the researcher to trace the construction of disability within the Australian disability income support policy across four major historical epochs. A framework was developed specifically to guide analysis of the data. The critical discourse analysis method helped to understand the underlying ideological dimensions that led to the predominance of one particular approach over another. Given this, the research purpose of the study centred on: i. Tracing the history of the Australian disability income support system. ii. Examining the historical patterns and ideological assumptions over time. iii. Exploring the historical patterns and ideological assumptions underpinning an alternative model (Basic Income) and the extent to which each model promotes the social citizenship of people with a disability. The research commitment to a social-relational ontology and the quest for social change centred on the idea that "there has to be a better way" in the provision of disability income support. This theme of searching for an alternative reality in disability income support policy resonated throughout the thesis. This thesis found that the Australian disability income support system is disabling in nature and generates categories of disability on the basis of ableness. From the study, ableness became a condition for citizenship. This study acknowledged that, in reality, income support provision reflects only one aspect of the disabling nature of society which requires redressing. Although there are inherent tensions in any redistributive strategy, the Basic Income model potentially provides an alternative to the Australian disability income support system, given its grounding in social citizenship. The thesis findings have implications for academics, policy-makers and practitioners in terms of developing better ways to understand disability constructs in disability income support policy. The thesis also makes a contribution in terms of promoting income support policies based on the rights of all people, not just a few.

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au, r. lee@murdoch edu, and Regina Lee. "Theorising the Chinese Diaspora: Canadian and Australian Narratives." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060418.160334.

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This dissertation presents a study of Chinese diasporic narratives from Canada and Australia and examines the formation and negotiation of diasporic cultural identity and consciousness. Drawing upon theoretical discussions on diasporas in general, it investigates how the Chinese diaspora is imagined and represented, as a visible minority group, within the context of the multicultural nation state. This dissertation begins with a taxonomy of the modes of explaining diaspora and offers three ways of theorising diasporic consciousness. In analysing the filmic and fictional narrative forms of the Chinese in Canada and Australia, the practices of cultural self-representation and of minority group participation and enjoyment of the nation are foregrounded in order to advance critical analysis of the Chinese diaspora. While taking into account the heterogeneity of the imagined diasporic Chinese community, this study also contends that the formation and negotiation of diasporic consciousness and diasporic cultural identity politics is strongly and invariably affected by the multicultural conditions and policies of their host countries. The adaptation and manifestation of minority groups cultural practices are thus a matter of social, cultural and political contingencies more often aligned with dominant cultural expectations and manipulations than with the assertiveness of more empowered minority group participation. This dissertation therefore argues for a broader and more complex understanding of diasporic cultural and identity politics in the widespread attempts to merge and incorporate minority group narratives into the key foundational (grand) narratives of the white nation state. The importance of reinscribing Chinese diasporic histories into the cultural landscapes of their receiving countries is moreover increasingly propelled by the speed and momentum of globalisation that has resulted in the growing number of multicultural societies on the one hand but also led to the homogenisation of cultural differences and diversities. In focussing on the fictional and filmic narratives from Canada and Australia, the diversity of the Chinese diasporic community and their conditions are emphasised in order to reflect upon the differences in the administration and practice of multiculturalism in these two countries. The comparative reading of Chinese-Canadian and Chinese-Australian novels and films locates its analysis of notions of homeland and belonging, community and national and cultural citizenship within the context of the development and negotiation of diasporic identity politics.

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Sleeman, Matthew Timothy. "The geography of citizenship strategies in a rural South Australian Aboriginal community, 1940-1993." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627547.

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Flew, Terry. "Culture, Citizenship and Content: Australian Broadcast Media Policy and the Regulation of Commercial Television 1972-2000." Thesis, Griffith University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367568.

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This thesis looks at broadcast media policy in Australia towards the commercial free-to-air television sector, with a focus upon those policies that impact upon media content, during the period from 1972 to 2000. It analyses the relationship between cultural institutions, citizenship discourses, and practices of media policy formation in Australia. It focuses upon both forms of institutional continuity in the relations established between broadcasters, regulatory agencies and others active in media policy in Australia, and upon sources of change in broadcast media policy, such as those arising from media reform activism, changing public policy discourses, and pressures arising from globalisation and new media technologies. The thesis is in two parts. Part One of the thesis uses debates about cultural policy in Australia in order to clari& the relationship between institutional forms and cultural practices in a sector such as broadcasting, characterised by distinctive forms of commercial property, a highly concentrated production and distribution structure, and the capacity for content to be distributed across space, both nationally and internationally. The institutional approach that is developed focuses on underlying structures and ongoing 'policy settlements' in national broadcasting systems, and the forms of political contestation that arise from the 'soft property' nature of commercial broadcast licences, and the resulting 'public trust' obligations to the public as citizens as well as media consumers. The concept of citizenship provides an important link in this regard, and this thesis analyses the relationship between citizenship and governance, the political and national dimensions of citizenship, and the complex policy discourses through which citizenship principles are translated into policy practice. Part two of the thesis applies this framework through four case studies in Australian broadcast media policy: 1. The period in the 1970s leading up to and including proposals to institutionalise public participation in broadcast media policy, on the basis of the public nature of the airwaves used by commercial broadcasters, through the licence renewal hearings process developed by the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal (ABT); 2. The Australian Content Inquiry conducted by the ABT between 1983-1989 that established new Australian content quotas for commercial television, and the forms of institutionalised participation and engagement between commercial broadcasters and media advocacy and public interest groups that developed through this process; 3. The development and implementation of the Broadcasting Services Act 1992, that utilised emergent neo-liberal policy discourses to argue for 'light touch' regulation, as well as greater industry self-regulation, and which significantly foreclosed opportunities for public participation in broadcast media policy formation; 4. The growing significance of media globalisation and international trade agreements upon Australian media policy, and concerns about the ability to influence media policy in light of multilateral trade agreements such as the OATS, as well as the impact of bilateral trade agreements such as the Closer Economic Relation (CER) with New Zealand. The thesis finds that there has been an important connection between the 'public trust' nature of broadcast licences, the ways in which citizenship discourses impact upon media policy around questions of public participation and content regulations, and forms of activism in the policy process that emerge form the early 1 970s on. At the same time, there are clear limits to the capacity of state regulatory agencies to shape the conduct of commercial broadcasters, arising from the political and economic power of the broadcasters, the limits to 'publicness' of licences arising from private ownership, and wider policy discourses that are increasingly concerned with promoting the operation of markets, national competition policy, and trade liberalisation. The policy settlement that emerges in Australia in the 1970s, and dominates for the period covered by this thesis, is described as a social contract, whereby regulatory agencies as the representatives of government accept that concentration of ownership of broadcast television licences, and restrictions on the entry of new players, constitute a necessary quid pro quo for the provision of 'pro-social' forms of programming, such as Australian content and children's programming. In the early 2000s, this policy settlement was under profound challenge for new technologies and services associated with digitisation, national competition policy, and the potential impact of international trade agreements, and it is likely that this decade will see the development of new institutional structures and forms of policy settlement.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Film, Media and Cultural Studies
Arts, Education and Law
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Bull-McMahon, Aimee. "“Say no to burqas”: geographies of nation and citizenship in Newtown." Thesis, Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8863.

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This thesis is concerned with the ways in which instances of everyday racism reproduce geographies of national belonging and exclusion in the city, focusing specifically on an activist campaign in Newtown, Australia, which called on the community to ‘Say no to burqas’. The focal point of this one-man campaign was a large, street facing mural, depicting a veiled woman, crossed out inside a red circle. The mural attracted much community opposition, and was defaced over sixty-four times. This thesis deconstructs the ways in which the mural campaign inscribed a particular national imaginary onto Newtown, constituted through the exclusion of the Muslim other; attending to the roots of this imaginary in racialised and gendered regimes of citizenship which privilege white, liberal civility. It goes on to show how the mural both reproduced, and was implicated in, the classed geographies of Australian multiculturalism, which figure the inner city as diverse and cosmopolitan, in opposition to the suburban as a site of ethnic criminality and multicultural failure. Finally, this thesis looks to various instances of organised opposition to the mural as examples of insurgent citizenship, capable of reimagining the relationship between place, nation and political community, in response to the ethical, political and practical task of living together in the multicultural city.

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Atherton, Hugh. "The potential for political literacy in the Australian curriculum." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/204157/1/Hugh_Atherton_Thesis.pdf.

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This qualitative study investigates the potential for the development of political literacy through the Australian Curriculum subjects of History and Civics and Citizenship. It argues that political literacy is important in the context of the significant challenges facing liberal democracies. Taking a policy trajectory approach, the study analyses the views of curriculum formulators along with its state adaptors and teacher interpreters. Findings indicate acceptance of the importance of political literacy but limited potential for its development. Notably, data indicate the limited implementation of Civics and Citizenship and a disjunction between scholars and teachers over what constitutes political literacy education.

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Parkin, Glenda. "Confusion, clarity, cohesion, disintegration: a study of curriculum decision-making in citizenship education." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2305.

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In the last decade, the Commonwealth Government has relied increasingly on policy-induced consortia to implement its education policy initiatives. The study focused on education policy pertaining to citizenship education, and specifically on the recommendations of the Civics Expert Group's 1994 report Whereas the people...Civics and Citizenship Education. The then Commonwealth Government called for policy-induced consortia to submit applications as a means to implement the report's recommendations. As a result, the Western Australian Consortium for Citizenship Education was formed. The Consortiums submission for a grant to assist teachers to prepare curriculum materials for citizenship education was successful. The study examined the decisions made by the Consortium members in relation to the curriculum materials project.The study was informed by an examination of literature pertaining to citizenship and citizenship education, the implementation of public policy, and group and curriculum decision-making. The review of the literature concerning the constructs of 'citizen' highlighted the contested nature of citizenship. In turn, this is reflected in the debates about the nature of citizenship education. As well, the literature review revealed many models of policy implementation and group curriculum decision-making do not adequately reflect the complexities and realities of group decision-making processes. The models often ignore the socio-political dynamics of the group, particularly in a policy-induced consortium, which exists for a specific and limited purpose, where members owe allegiance to their institutions rather than the consortium and where the consortium is accountable to a government department for the management of the project.A case study approach using qualitative methods was used. These methods and approaches are most likely to capture and interpret the humanness of group decision-making. Moreover, they take into account the importance of the values each member of the Consortium brought to the group and recognise that each member constructed his/her meaning as a result of social interaction with other Consortium members.The case study focused on a detailed examination of the work of the Western Australian Consortium for Citizenship Education and especially on the sub-group of the Project Management Committee over eighteen months. The notion of 'critical decisions' was used to analyse the Consortium's decision-making. Each critical decision had significant consequences for the ongoing work of the Consortium. The nature of the Consortium's decision-making highlighted the overwhelming importance of social dynamics over curriculum decision-making.The intentions of the study were to build towards a more complete understanding of the socio-political nature of group curriculum decision-making; to contribute to theorising about the humanness of group curriculum decision-making; and to provide an informed perspective about the significance of the Commonwealth Government's intervention in education through the mechanism of policy-induced consortia.The thesis makes a contribution to the socio-political dimension of group curriculum decision-making in federations. It illustrates that curriculum policy delivery is a socio-political process focussing on interpersonal relationships rather than a rational or deliberative process based on educational outcomes.

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Parkin, Glenda. "Confusion, clarity, cohesion, disintegration : a study of curriculum decision-making in citizenship education /." Curtin University of Technology, Faculty of Education, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12507.

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In the last decade, the Commonwealth Government has relied increasingly on policy-induced consortia to implement its education policy initiatives. The study focused on education policy pertaining to citizenship education, and specifically on the recommendations of the Civics Expert Group's 1994 report Whereas the people...Civics and Citizenship Education. The then Commonwealth Government called for policy-induced consortia to submit applications as a means to implement the report's recommendations. As a result, the Western Australian Consortium for Citizenship Education was formed. The Consortiums submission for a grant to assist teachers to prepare curriculum materials for citizenship education was successful. The study examined the decisions made by the Consortium members in relation to the curriculum materials project.The study was informed by an examination of literature pertaining to citizenship and citizenship education, the implementation of public policy, and group and curriculum decision-making. The review of the literature concerning the constructs of 'citizen' highlighted the contested nature of citizenship. In turn, this is reflected in the debates about the nature of citizenship education. As well, the literature review revealed many models of policy implementation and group curriculum decision-making do not adequately reflect the complexities and realities of group decision-making processes. The models often ignore the socio-political dynamics of the group, particularly in a policy-induced consortium, which exists for a specific and limited purpose, where members owe allegiance to their institutions rather than the consortium and where the consortium is accountable to a government department for the management of the project.A case study approach using qualitative methods was used. These methods and approaches are most likely to capture and interpret ++
the humanness of group decision-making. Moreover, they take into account the importance of the values each member of the Consortium brought to the group and recognise that each member constructed his/her meaning as a result of social interaction with other Consortium members.The case study focused on a detailed examination of the work of the Western Australian Consortium for Citizenship Education and especially on the sub-group of the Project Management Committee over eighteen months. The notion of 'critical decisions' was used to analyse the Consortium's decision-making. Each critical decision had significant consequences for the ongoing work of the Consortium. The nature of the Consortium's decision-making highlighted the overwhelming importance of social dynamics over curriculum decision-making.The intentions of the study were to build towards a more complete understanding of the socio-political nature of group curriculum decision-making; to contribute to theorising about the humanness of group curriculum decision-making; and to provide an informed perspective about the significance of the Commonwealth Government's intervention in education through the mechanism of policy-induced consortia.The thesis makes a contribution to the socio-political dimension of group curriculum decision-making in federations. It illustrates that curriculum policy delivery is a socio-political process focussing on interpersonal relationships rather than a rational or deliberative process based on educational outcomes.

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Gillgren, Christina. "From aliens to ethnics: Identity and citizenship in a study of Italians and Croatians in the Western Australian southwest timber industry 1919-1969." Thesis, Gillgren, Christina (1998) From aliens to ethnics: Identity and citizenship in a study of Italians and Croatians in the Western Australian southwest timber industry 1919-1969. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51081/.

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The basis for the construction of Australian identity and citizenship in the period 1919-1969 was a sense of 'Britishness', underpinned by the 'white Australia' policy. This study of ltalians and Croatians in the Western Australian south-west timber industry shows the extent to which 'ethnic otherness', the cultural distance from Britishness so powerfully evoked by terms such as 'alien' and 'foreign', legitimated a regime of discriminatory immigration and settlement policies, regulations and practices directed at these groups. This thesis demonstrates the importance of ltalian and Croatian timber workers to the south-west timber industry. It explores their experiences in the industry as they moved from immediate marginalisation in the 1920s to severely restricted work opportunities during the depression. Their interwar segregation, coupled with war measures underpinned their utilisation as a mobile rural workforce within the industry in the war years. This set the scene for the extension of discriminatory immigration and settlement practices in the postwar years when the 'right types' of ltalians and Croatians, 'sturdy and capable of heavy work', were grudgingly encouraged into the timber industry at a time of acute labour shortages. This work explores the process of the construction of identity and a sense of 'belongingness' within the host society. The 'building blocks' to identity were negotiated primarily through the experiences of these immigrants within the timber industry, often the point of entry into the workforce in Western Australia, in the first years of settlement. Naturalisation, when this option was exercised, was usually a means to overcome economic disadvantage or to bridge cultural distance. This work poses a challenge to the historiography of citizenship, which focuses primarily on substantive rights, to reevaluate citizenship mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion and their impact on identity construction.

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Muir, Brigid Mary. "An eye-opening experience: Building secondary students' intercultural understanding and empathetic, active citizenship through a humanitarian trip to Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/205384/2/Brigid_Muir_Thesis.pdf.

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This qualitative study explored the effects of a humanitarian-focused trip to Vietnam in 2017 on secondary students from a Queensland independent school investigating how this form of learning was transformative. Qualitative data obtained allowed the researcher-participant to record and observe this change with the application of thematic codes aligned inductively to distinct themes within the data. Hammer’s (2011, 2012) Intercultural Development Continuum provided the conceptual framework for this study. This research contributes to understanding the value of Australian secondary school students’ intercultural encounters in an Asian country, with the findings indicating a development of intercultural understanding, active citizenship and empathy.

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Bursian, Olga, and olga bursian@arts monash edu au. "Uncovering the well-springs of migrant womens' agency: connecting with Australian public infrastructure." RMIT University. Social Science and Planning, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080131.113605.

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The study sought to uncover the constitution of migrant women's agency as they rebuild their lives in Australia, and to explore how contact with any publicly funded services might influence the capacity to be self determining subjects. The thesis used a framework of lifeworld theories (Bourdieu, Schutz, Giddens), materialist, trans-national feminist and post colonial writings, and a methodological approach based on critical hermeneutics (Ricoeur), feminist standpoint and decolonising theories. Thirty in depth interviews were carried out with 6 women migrating from each of 5 regions: Vietnam, Lebanon, the Horn of Africa, the former Soviet Union and the Philippines. Australian based immigration literature constituted the third corner of triangulation. The interviews were carried out through an exploration of themes format, eliciting data about the different ontological and epistemological assumptions of the cultures of origin. The findings revealed not only the women's remarkable tenacity and resilience as creative agents, but also the indispensability of Australia's publicly funded infrastructure or welfare state. The women were mostly privileged in terms of class, education and affirming relationships with males. Nevertheless, their self determination depended on contact with universal public policies, programs and with local community services. The welfare state seems to be modernity's means for re-establishing human connectedness that is the crux of the human condition. Connecting with fellow Australians in friendships and neighbourliness was also important in resettlement. Conclusions include a policy discussion in agreement with Australian and international scholars proposing that there is no alternative but for governments to invest in a welfare state for the civil societies and knowledge based economies of the 21st Century.

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Briggs, Justin. "Australian Citizenship: a genealogy tracing the descent of discourse 1946 - 2007." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/882.

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This thesis is a genealogy which traces changes to the discourse of Australian citizenship. These changes were traced in the Australia Day (i.e., January 26) and January 27 editions of The Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) and The Sun Herald (SH) from 1946 – 2007. The dissertation used Foucault’s (1980; 1991a; 1991d; 1991e; 1998; 2002a; 2006b) genealogy supplemented with his archaeological method to provide an analysis of the discourse of Australian citizenship. The analysis was conducted by creating an archive of newspaper texts that related to Australian citizenship discourse. This archive represents the body of knowledge about citizenship as published in the specified print media and reflects the systems of thought that circulated the discourse at particular points in time. The archived newspaper texts related to Australian citizenship discourse contain traces of the social, political, cultural and economic beliefs and values of Australian citizens. The analysed texts were found in headlines, reports, editorials, opinion pieces, annotated photographs and letters to the editor that made-up the day-to-day history of the Australia Day editions. The texts that were produced in this narration in the SMH have provided data in the form of specific language use that defines the discourse of citizenship over the 62 year period. The language of these texts as reported in the print media represents the understandings of citizenship at particular times and also the discursive responses to contingent factors conditioning citizenship discourse including globalisation, localisation and neo-liberalism. The research links with Foucault’s (1980; 1991a; 1991d; 1991e; 1998; 2002a; 2006b) findings that the analysis of discourse is fundamental for understanding the nature of reality. This reality reported in this dissertation indicates a discourse that has changed and transformed over the analysed period of time. The discourse of citizenship has developed through the flow of rules and regulations that prohibit and permit what can and cannot be said, thought or spoken about citizenship at particular points in time. This form of normative thought, action and speech is culturally constructed and has been traced in the discourse through a mapping of specific language use related to understandings of citizenship. These types of knowledge constructions are artefacts of culture and reinforce existing power relations. This study has attempted to unmask these relations of power to question the rationality of the practices and experiences of Australian citizenship. The genealogical method allows for the distillation of citizenship discourse as a history of social and political truths as seen in the print media from 1946 – 2007. The genealogy of Australian citizenship presented in this dissertation lays bare the characteristic forms of power/knowledge manifested in the discourse over the post-World War Two period of Australian history to show systems of thought pertaining to citizenship. By doing so it shows that current citizenship practices are not the result of historical inevitabilities but rather the result of the interplay of contingencies. By emphasising citizenship in this way the thesis offers insights into how it can be refashioned to offer greater individual freedom through an understanding of the games of truth that are played throughout all levels of society. The manifestation of power/knowledge in the discourse is further evidence that citizens exist in relations of power. These manifestations produced five distinct thematic discursivities. I labelled them as, ‘The silencing of Aboriginal concerns 1946 – 1969, Authorised voices question the acceptance of poverty and racism 1969 – 1980, Relations of power between Aboriginal Australians and whites 1981 – 1988, Relations of power between Asian immigrants and whites 1989 – 1996, The struggle of cultural dominations 1997 – 2007’. In particular, a discontinuity was identified during the period Relations of power between Aboriginal Australians and whites 1981 – 1988. From this time in the discourse Indigenous Australians were permitted to criticise their treatment by whites. Subsequently this permission has become embedded in systems of thought. This thesis gives details of the products of the genealogical method related to the discourse of citizenship. It pinpoints the moments when individuals and social, cultural, economic and political groups played roles in the production, reproduction and transmission of truth from 1946 - 2007. Based on the products of the research it creates recommendations for minimising the potential dominations of social and political truths. It also suggests ways to re-think Australian citizenship to afford greater freedoms for individual thought, speech and action.

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Corbett, Lee School of Sociology &amp Anthropology UNSW. "Native title & constitutionalism: constructing the future of indigenous citizenship in Australia." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40710.

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This thesis argues that native title rights are fundamental to Indigenous citizenship in Australia. It does this by developing a normative conception of citizenship in connection with a model of constitutionalism. Here, citizenship is more than a legal status. It refers to the norms of individual rights coupled with democratic responsibility that are attached to the person in a liberal-democracy. Constitutionalism provides the framework for understanding the manner in which Australian society realizes these norms. This thesis focuses on a society attempting to grapple with issues of postcolonialism. A fundamental question faced in these societies is the legitimacy of group rights based in pre-colonization norms. This thesis argues that these rights can be legitimized when constitutionalism is understood as originating in the deliberations connecting civil society with the state; which deliberations reconcile individual rights with group rights in such a way as to resolve the issue of their competing claims to legitimacy. Civil society is the social space in which politico-legal norms collide with action. The argument constructed here is that native title is built on norms that have the potential (it is a counterfactual argument) to contribute to a postcolonial civil society. This is one in which colonizer and colonized coordinate their action in a mutual search for acceptable solutions to the question 'how do we live together?'. The optimistic analysis is tempered by a consideration of the development of native title law. The jurisprudence of the High Court after the Wik's Case has undermined the potential of native title to play a transformative role. It has undermined Indigenous Australians' place in civil society, and their status as equal individuals and responsible citizens. In seeking to explain this, the thesis turns from jurisprudence to political sociology, and argues that an alternative model of constitutionalism and civil society has supplanted the postcolonial; viz., the neoliberal.

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Batainah, Heba. "The politics of belonging in Australia : multiculturalism, citizenship and Islamophobia." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117180.

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In the decade since the events of 9/11, Muslims and Islam came to act as symbols for the putative correlation between immigration and the erosion of social cohesion in a number of Western countries, including Australia. Increasingly, immigrant integration was believed to be key to the maintenance of social cohesion and individual immigrant integration was seen as the main factor in successful integration. The Howard Government distanced itself from multicultural policies by rejecting group identities for 'ethnic' minorities, while, conversely, strengthening group identity in terms of nationalism and citizenship. Following other Western societies, the integration of Muslims in Australia became characterised as a security imperative and the responsibilities of Muslim citizens increasingly became embedded within the discourse of terrorism, where Muslim citizens are simultaneously suspected as potential terrorists and encouraged to act as community watchdogs. Politicians also came to see terrorism as something harboured within Islamic communities in Australia and Muslim lack of belonging came to be viewed as having 'cultural' and 'religious' underpinnings. As a result of the securitisation of Islam and the view that Islam and Muslims are problematic, all Muslims were characterised as potential terrorists and negative ideas and actions toward Muslims, what some have called 'Islamophobia', were normalised and justified. There has, however, been remarkably little systematic attempt to examine any continuity between broader understandings of the official definitions of belonging and how and why Muslims are viewed as incapable of belonging. This research demonstrates the links between ideas about the 'Other' and their place in Australian society and how these ideas give meaning to the ways Muslims and Islam are thought not to belong. The focus on Muslim Australians as refusing integration and challenging Australia's national identity is contextualised within the wider framework of Australian national identity, immigration policies (entry, settlement and citizenship) and the wider prevalence of 'Islamophobia' in Australia. This dissertation explicitly politicises the concept of belonging in order to demonstrate the social and political barriers to belonging for Muslim Australians. This dissertation uses Allen's (2010) concept of 'Islamophobia as ideology' to empirically examine discourses about Islam and Muslims in the House of Representatives (2000-2006). The findings indicate that deeply-entrenched views about who belongs (and who does not), and how they belong in Australia, informed parliamentary discourse on Muslims and Islam. Islamophobia in the Australian House of Representatives demonstrates the ways in which discourses about the 'Other' are systematically used to strengthen negative meaning about Islam and Muslims and to consistently present them as anathema to everything 'Australian'.

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Davies, Anna. "Challenges of healthy citizenship in an obesogenic environment." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151813.

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Over the last 40 years Australia has experienced a growing prevalence of obesity. This trend carries with it an expectation that associated burdens of disease and health care costs will be incurred. Thus far, the dominant response to the growth in obesity has been to focus on individuals' personal responsibility to resist weight gain. This approach assumes that all individuals have the capacity to incorporate knowledge about health into their lives and make appropriate behavioural changes. An alternative explanation is the obesogenic environment theory, which positions individual choices within the constraints of their physical, social, cultural and political environment. It has been adopted by many public health experts but has had limited influence on personal and policy responses to obesity. This thesis assesses whether the healthy citizenship approach to obesity can be effective in an obesogenic environment by exploring life narrative interviews with 60 related Australians from three generations. Firstly, it examines the emergence over the 20th century of diet and exercise as key 'technologies of the self' for shaping a healthy self and healthy weight in order to conform to norms of healthy citizenship. Secondly, it demonstrates how at the same time major social changes have dramatically reshaped diet and physical activity patterns in Australia. The narratives of the three generations are contextualised within Australian social history literature concerning three time periods - the Great Depression and World War Two (WWII), post-WWII decades, and the turn of the 21st century. This thesis illustrates how by the 1990s Australians were feeling the effects of an obesogenic environment in which food was readily available, life had become increasingly sedentary and maintaining an energy balance required effort. This sharply contrasted to life in the earlier to mid-20th century. Although I show that individuals subscribe to the norms of healthy citizenship, the obesogenic environment presents obstacles to successful conformity. All participants strived to conform and felt that they were doing the best they could within the context of their lives, but generally felt there was more they could do. Having a level of control to negotiate healthy choices was essential for resisting the obesogenic environment. However, not all participants had the cultural, economic or social resources to make these 'choices'. Additionally, the focus on weight as signifying conformity to healthy citizenship is problematic as practices undertaken to create a socially desirable body did not always align with those required to be healthy, and in some cases may even be detrimental to health. This thesis illustrates how the current healthy citizenship approach to preventing and managing obesity is limited by the constraints of the obesogenic environment and by the level of control individuals have over shaping their health. Although individuals are ultimately responsible for their own diet and physical activity, citizens must be enabled to make healthy choices. Hence, in order to shape a successful response to rising obesity rates governments, industry, communities and individuals need to work together to create an environment that fosters healthy, rather than unhealthy, choices.

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Morey, Madeleine Rose. "Policy, occupation and transnationalism: New Zealanders living in Australia." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/130160.

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Drawing on the concept of transnationalism, this thesis explores the integration and transnational practices of New Zealand migrants in Australia. The Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement (TTTA) that was implemented in 1973, allows New Zealand citizens to live, work and travel to Australia with few restrictions. Since then, the TTTA has only undergone one major change. In 2001, New Zealanders’ access to social security services was revoked, requiring those who have moved since then to obtain permanent residency. Before 2017, pathways to permanent residency required New Zealanders to meet the same requirements applied to migrants from other countries, which included having a job on the Skilled Occupation List. Yet the open nature of the TTTA means any New Zealander regardless of their occupation can move to Australia, leaving many unable to apply through the pathways available. In 2017, an income-tested permanent residency pathway specifically for New Zealanders came into effect with this pathway drawing criticism for excluding those in low-income jobs, those who work part-time or have taken time off work. This mixed-methods study was conducted through an online survey (n=2040) distributed through social media platforms and 21 semi-structured interviews. The survey and interviews allowed New Zealanders in Australia to detail how they maintained ties to New Zealand, their integration into Australia, and their views on obtaining Australian citizenship. Analysis of secondary data, including census data and immigration statistics, provides the context for the research. The results show respondents maintained strong socio-cultural ties to New Zealand but weak political and economic ties. Unlike migrants from other countries, respondents primarily moved to Australia to better their financial circumstances rather than to send remittances. Existing social ties in Australia also contributed to their decision to migrate. Respondents were generally well integrated at the micro- and meso- scales and experienced similar challenges to migrants from other countries, despite the language and cultural similarities between the two countries. Structural changes in Australia over the last thirty years affected their economic, social, and political integration. In particular, the casualisation of labour and the occupations respondents worked in affected their ability to apply for permanent residency and citizenship. The results found many respondents worked in occupations that were not on the Skilled Occupation List and/or had unpredictable work hours meaning their yearly income was not consistent, preventing them from applying for the Skilled Independent visa (subclass 189) New Zealand stream and the other permanent residency visas available. This structural exclusion has affected the political integration of respondents as being ineligible for these visas leaves them feeling disenfranchised as they cannot secure their status in Australia. Security of status has become increasingly important amid the deportations of New Zealanders from Australia since 2014. Theoretically, this thesis contributes to our knowledge of how transnationalism operates between two Global-North countries that have the same national language and are culturally similar. It shows how the country and cultural contexts play a role in shaping transnationalism and integration. As even though there are similarities between New Zealand and Australia, policies and structures not aimed directly at migrants affect the degree of integration possible. From a policy perspective, it highlights the limitations of open migration pathways amid changing immigration policies as it disadvantages those who cannot change their status in response to policy changes as going ‘home’ is not always a feasible or realistic option.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2021

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Thomas, Matthew David. "Citizenship and the politics of common sense." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150256.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Citizenship Australia'

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