Journal articles: 'Cities – China'

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Normile, D. "China Rethinks Cities." Science 352, no. 6288 (May 19, 2016): 916–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.352.6288.916.

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Baum-Snow, Nathaniel, J. Vernon Henderson, and Stuart S. Rosenthal. "Cities in China." Journal of Urban Economics 115 (January 2020): 103227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2019.103227.

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Zhang, Lu Fang, and Masato Oki. "AN INVESTIGATION OF URBAN FLOODLIGHTING IN THREE CITIES OF CHINA." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 83, Appendix (1999): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.83.appendix_247.

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Yu, Wenxuan, and Chengwei Xu. "Developing Smart Cities in China." International Journal of Public Administration in the Digital Age 5, no. 3 (July 2018): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpada.2018070106.

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This article describes how being pushed and pulled by a variety of external and internal factors, the Chinese government had begun to adopt and implement its smart city initiatives. Despite the strong financial and institutional supports from the central government, the performances of smart city initiatives significantly vary across pilot sites. Considering smart city initiatives as government innovation and drawing on the government innovation diffusion theories, an explanatory model has been developed to examine their variance and test it with a cross-sectional dataset using multiple regression methods. It was found that although environmental pollution was a key driver for the development of smart city in China, such environmental pollution like air pollution in particular had a curvilinear relationship (bell-shaped) with smart city development. In addition, smart cities initiatives in China were driven not only by technical rationalities but also political rationalities. Political supports from local ruling party sectaries made a difference.

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Eisenschmidt, Alexander. "Review: Urban China: Informal Cities." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 71, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jsah.2012.71.1.129.

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He, Guizhen, Arthur P. J. Mol, and Yonglong Lu. "Wasted cities in urbanizing China." Environmental Development 18 (April 2016): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2015.12.003.

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Madrazo, Brenda, and Ronald van Kempen. "Explaining divided cities in China." Geoforum 43, no. 1 (January 2012): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.07.004.

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Huang, Xiaojun, Yanyu Li, Yuhui Guo, Dianyuan Zheng, and Mingyue Qi. "Assessing Urban Risk to Extreme Heat in China." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072750.

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Many cities are experiencing persistent risk in China due to frequent extreme weather events. Some extreme weather events, such as extreme heat hazard, have seriously threatened human health and socio-economic development in cities. There is an urgent need to measure the degree of extreme heat risk and identify cites with the highest levels of extreme heat risk. In this study, we presented a risk assessment framework of extreme heat and considered risk as a combination of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. Based on these three dimensions, we selected relevant variables from historical meteorological data (1960–2016) and socioeconomic statistics in 2016, establishing an indicator system of extreme heat risk evaluation. Finally, we developed an extreme heat risk index to quantify the levels of extreme heat risk of 296 prefecture-level cities in China and revealed the spatial pattern of extreme heat risk in China in 2016 and their dominant factors. The results show that (1) cities with high levels of extreme heat hazard are mainly located in the south of China, especially in the southeast of China; (2) the spatial distribution of the extreme heat risk index shows obvious agglomeration characteristics; (3) the spatial distribution of the extreme heat risk is still mostly controlled by natural geographical conditions such as climate and topography; (4) among the four types of hazard-dominated, exposure-dominated, vulnerability-dominated, and low risk cities, the number of vulnerability-dominated cities is the largest. The results of this study can provide support for the risk management of extreme heat disasters and the formation of targeted countermeasures in China.

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Ying, Yang, and A. C. Shcherbak. "URBANOMICS SPACE CITIES OF TIANJIN (CHINA)." Onomastics of the Volga Region, no. 2 (2020): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2020-2.onomast.185-188.

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The article discusses urbanomics space of Tianjin city in China, it is established that the names local linear objects representerait knowledge about the old and modern city of Tianjin, the location of the light relative to the city’s geographical realities, ideologies and that is a benchmark in the development of the city.

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Fu, Shihe, Xiaocong Xu, and Junfu Zhang. "Land conversion across cities in China." Regional Science and Urban Economics 87 (March 2021): 103643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2021.103643.

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Paller, Jeffrey W. "How Is China Impacting African Cities?" Management and Organization Review 17, no. 3 (July 2021): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2021.43.

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Ioannides, Yannis M., and Junfu Zhang. "Walled cities in late imperial China." Journal of Urban Economics 97 (January 2017): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2016.10.004.

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Duan, Fan, and Bulent Unel. "Persistence of cities: Evidence from China." Review of Development Economics 23, no. 2 (November 14, 2018): 663–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12565.

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Zhihao, Wang. "Bicycles in large cities in China." Transport Reviews 9, no. 2 (April 1989): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441648908716718.

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Ye, Danian, Wendong Xu, Wei He, and Zhe Li. "Symmetry distribution of cities in China." Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences 44, no. 8 (August 2001): 716–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02907201.

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Jiansheng, Zhang, and Tan Wei. "STUDY ON THE GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN MAIN CITIES OF CHINA." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu / Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 34, no. 1 (June 27, 2016): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2016.1.215.

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Li, Chenguang, Tao Sun, Lei ZHAI, and Ke Yuan. "City Profile: Datong, China." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 10, no. 2 (September 2019): 176–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425319863928.

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Small- and medium-sized cities have not received enough scholarly attention in China. In fact, these cities have a larger share of urban population than large-sized cities. Therefore, the paper focuses on one such typical medium-sized city in North China named Datong; a resource-reliant city with a long history but undergoing a difficult phase of transformation. Its industrial structure is upgrading from unitary resource-dependence to balanced development, but it is also accompanied by recessive unemployment and a depressed consumption pattern of its residents. Datong’s urban planning generally reflects the ideas of its leaders and often demonstrates high efficiency and execution. However, abrupt change in the leadership has brought new challenges such as constant adjustment and restructuring along with huge investment and financial risks to cities. This model also fully illustrates the self-repairing and error-correcting ability, which is guiding Datong towards sustainable development.

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Liu, Kongling, Mengjun Wang, Jianchang Li, Jingjing Huang, Xuhui Huang, Shuhang Chen, and Baoquan Cheng. "Developing a Framework for Spatial Effects of Smart Cities Based on Spatial Econometrics." Complexity 2021 (June 11, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9322112.

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The rapid urbanization in China has already put heavy pressures on imperfect infrastructure, especially for fundamental urban functions such as power and water supply, traffic, education, and healthcare. The emergence of smart cities can help cope with the rapidly expanding demands on urban infrastructure. However, the development of smart cities in China is just in its infancy, and there is still a lack of clear understanding of the development path of smart cities. This article focuses on the development of smart cities in China. It aims to (a) judge whether there is spatial autoregression in the construction of smart cities in 83 Chinese cities and (b) identify key influencing factors in the development of smart cities in China through a spatial econometric model developed by GeoDa software. The results show that there exists spatial autoregression in the development of smart cities in China. Four key influencing factors (governmental support, innovative level, economic development, and human capital) are identified. Based on these findings, suggestions for future promoting development of smart cities in China are put forward. This research can deepen the understanding of the spatial effects of smart cities and provide valuable decision-making references for policy makers.

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Xu, Lan, and Xu Chun Wei. "Empirical Research on China's Environmental and Economic Development." Advanced Materials Research 869-870 (December 2013): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.869-870.766.

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This paper conducts a research with practical evidence by collecting 3 indicators of pollutants in 31 major cities in China for the period from 2003 to 2011, and analyzes the relationship between environmental quality and economic increase in China. In the paper, it proves the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory. By comparing the turning points to those from other studies, it is found that the turning points of Chinas EKC are obviously lower than the other countries. In addition, the paper also makes comparisons among different cities in China, and studies the factors that trigger the turning points that characterize the environmental economic development in major cities in China. In the end, it is concluded that geographical factors, pollutant indicators, economic scales, industrial structure, technological treatments and government investments are major factors that cause the turning points to occur.Keywords: Economic Increase; Pollution Emission; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Environmental Turning Point.

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Zhang, Kun, Su Wang, Meng Ying Zhou, Hai Mei Xu, and Cai Chi Liu. "Solar City in China." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.759.

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This article introduces examples of solar cities, such as the Sutton Beddington Community in United Kingdom and the Abu Dhabi City in United Arab Emirates. Meanwhile, the spate of solar city is described in detail. The most important, we point out the confusion of China's solar cities development.

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Li, Wan, Bindong Sun, Shuaishuai Han, and Xiaoxi Jin. "Does Urban Agglomeration Discourage Entrepreneurship in China? Micro-Empirical Evidence from China." Land 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010145.

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As the net effect of agglomeration on entrepreneurship depends on the trade-off between positive and negative effects, urban agglomeration can either promote or discourage entrepreneurial activity in theory. However, there is an unexpected shortage of empirical confirmations on this potential cause-and-effect relationship. Our study strives to fill this empirical gap by providing credible evidence whether agglomeration, measured by the urban density or population, increases the probability of individuals being self-employed. Based on the China Labor-Force Dynamic Survey of 2012, 2014, and 2016, we find that big cities fail to facilitate individuals to start or run their own businesses. Further analyses illustrate that the entrepreneurs in large cities can be easily tempted by a wider range of salaried opportunities and are generally exposed to high fixed costs and intense competition. In contrast, entrepreneurship in large cities is of high reward. These results serve as direct evidence of the co-existence of agglomeration diseconomies and economies. This also suggests the direction of government policy in large cities, which is to alleviate, as much as possible, the negative impact on entrepreneurs.

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Kang, Lei, Zhaoping Yang, Yunxiao Dang, Wenzhong Zhang, and Caicai Liu. "Can Tourism Development Make Cities More Livable? Investigating 40 Cities in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010472.

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The field of rapid urbanization has recently paid more attention to the relationship between tourism development and liveable city construction. Previous studies have mainly focused on the experiences of tourists in tourist cities and seldom paid attention to the perceptions of local residents. Based on survey data of nearly 10,000 permanent residents in 40 key tourist cities in China, this study uses a multilevel model to quantitatively analyse the natural environment characteristics, sociocultural environment characteristics and comprehensive attraction of tourism in different tourist cities to explore their impact on urban liveability satisfaction. Results show that the developed tourist cities do not exactly correspond to the cities with a high liveability evaluation. The objective evaluation of both the natural environment and the sociocultural environment has an important influence on the liveability of cities, but the influence of the natural environment is stronger than that of the sociocultural environment. An intermediary effect exists in the subjective evaluation of the natural environment and environments for liveability perception. Simultaneously, residents’ liveability satisfaction varies according to their age, education level, annual household income and other social and economic conditions. These findings provide insights for developing countries to further improve residents’ living quality and urban construction under the condition of the rapid development of tourism.

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Dong, Guoqiang, Baisha Weng, Tianling Qin, Denghua Yan, Hao Wang, Boya Gong, Wuxia Bi, and Ziqiang Xing. "The Impact of the Construction of Sponge Cities on the Surface Runoff in Watersheds, China." Advances in Meteorology 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6241892.

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In order to study the effect of the construction of the sponge cites on the process of urban water circulation in China, we analyzed the precipitation data from 756 stations across China between 1961 and 2011 and national land-use data in 2014. The spatial distribution characteristics of built-up area and amount of annual average runoff interception in sponge cities were explored in five different zonal scale levels. Assuming that the sponge cities have been built at the national-level construction land and the volume capture ratio of annual runoff is taken as 85%, the amount of annual average runoff interception in sponge cities is 988.58 × 108 m3 during 1961 to 2011 in China, where the annual precipitation is greater than or equal to 400 mm. The cities with more amount of annual average runoff interception are mostly distributed in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta. As to the Haihe River Basin, the annual average amount of surface water resources is 135.69 × 108 m3 between 2005 and 2014, and the amount of annual average runoff interception is 219.58 × 108 m3 from 1961 to 2011. The construction of sponge cities has the greatest impact on the surface water resources in the Haihe River Basin. Taking 80%–85% as the volume capture ratio of annual runoff in sponge cities is not reasonable, which may lead to the irrational exploitation and utilization of regional water and soil resources.

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Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman. "Review: Cities in China by Alfred Schinz." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 52, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990772.

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Williams, Jack F., and Alfred Schinz. "Urbanization of the Earth: Cities in China." Economic Geography 66, no. 2 (April 1990): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/143749.

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Janus, Dominika. "Smart cities in China: sustainable or surveyed." Sprawy Międzynarodowe 74, no. 1 (October 22, 2021): 153–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2021.74.1.04.

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China is home to some 800 smart cities projects aspiring to win the global race toward building advanced data-driven society - causing both awe and concern around the world. CCP leadership has been signalling the importance of smart cities development, to the point of including it in national strategy - over the past decade, China has become a global leader in smart city initiatives – advancements in big data and artificial intelligence (AI) powered analysis undoubtedly improved urban management and digital technologies are extensively interwoven into the everyday life of denizens of Chinese cities and villages. The government has been presenting initiatives related to smart city programme as a way of bringing the citizens closer to the state, building a “harmonious society” through a “culture of honesty”. But what is the extent to which integration of citizen into smart systems changes life in data-enabled cities? This paper will present an overview of the findings in current research of the implications of Chinese approach to smart city concept. It will be also an attempt to highlight the crucial elements of cyber security in the context of Internet of Things (IoT) and smart solutions employed in China.

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Chan, Faith Ka Shun, Wendy Y. Chen, Xinbing Gu, Yi Peng, and Yanfang Sang. "Transformation towards resilient sponge cities in China." Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 3, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00251-y.

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Kuratchenko, Marina A., Yusuf O. Fadario, and Irina Belenok. "“Green cities” in China: philosophy and practice." E3S Web of Conferences 296 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129604004.

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The concept of a “green city” is now closely related to the concept of a “smart city” and is not limited by construction of recreational areas; in other words, a park in the center does not make the city “green”. First of all, “Green City” is an area with effective management, developed infrastructure, energy-saving and emission-reducing technologies that harmoniously integrate urban development and environment. The philosophy of the “green city” reflects the idea of an appropriate social structure and values existing in a particular society and is not completely new. For example, the idea of a “garden city” was formulated at the beginning of the XX century and associated with the agrarian-industrial characteristics of the economy, proposing the principles of self-government [1]. The modern concept of the “green city” appeared in Europe and spread fast all over the world, but in different countries this idea has its own interpretation. This article will analyze the specificity of the perception and implementation of the concept of “Green City” in China, which is distinguished by the integration of world experience and traditional Chinese values.

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Yang, Jingmin, Trong-Yen Lee, and Wenjie Zhang. "Smart Cities in China: A Brief Overview." IT Professional 23, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2020.2993946.

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Zurndorfer, Harriet T., and Linda Cooke Johnson. "Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 37, no. 2 (1994): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3632554.

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Long, Ying, and Kang Wu. "Shrinking cities in a rapidly urbanizing China." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 48, no. 2 (January 6, 2016): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x15621631.

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Yuan, Tsing, and Linda Cooke Johnson. "Cities of Jiangnan in Late Imperial China." Pacific Affairs 67, no. 4 (1994): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2759588.

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Xu, Bing, Jun Yang, Yong Zhang, and Peng Gong. "Healthy cities in China: a Lancet Commission." Lancet 388, no. 10054 (October 2016): 1863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31724-x.

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Gu, Chaolin, Feng Zhen, Youliang Qiu, and Shunzan Ye. "Growth of new designated cities in China." Chinese Geographical Science 9, no. 2 (June 1999): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02791358.

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Cui, Gonghao. "On development of large cities in China." Chinese Geographical Science 5, no. 1 (March 1995): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02664337.

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Du, Rui, and Junfu Zhang. "Walled cities and urban density in China." Papers in Regional Science 98, no. 3 (December 6, 2018): 1517–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pirs.12415.

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Chan, Chak K., and Xiaohong Yao. "Air pollution in mega cities in China." Atmospheric Environment 42, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.003.

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Cole, John. "The cities of the USSR and China." Cities 7, no. 2 (May 1990): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(90)90070-n.

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KANG, Wenmei, Mou WANG, Junyan LIU, Xianhong LV, Ying ZHANG, Dongshen LUO, and Dawei WANG. "Building Sustainable Cities in China: Experience, Challenges, and Prospects." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 07, no. 01 (March 2019): 1940002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748119400025.

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According to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the sustainable development goal 11 is to “make cities and human settlement inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”. China has been making great effort in this respect. With the advancement in science and technology, the concepts of green development, environmental friendliness, and fair development are gradually moving from theories to practices, guiding the construction and development of sustainable cities in China. Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the overall process of China’s construction of sustainable cities and development can be divided into three stages: the initial practice stage (1986–2000), the stage focusing on transformation (2001–2012), and the stage emphasizing coordinated development and social fairness (2012 to present). During the process, China has proposed and carried out a series of pilot demonstrations of sustainable cities, eco-cities, garden cities, low-carbon cities, livable cities, resilient cities, sanitary cities, sponge cities, and circular economy cities. It has achieved remarkable results with valuable experience; meanwhile, it still faces many challenges considering the current practices. With the integration of planning for the national economy and social development, rural and urban development, land use, and other aspects, as well as the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, sustainable urban practices in China will receive more policy support and effective administrative support. As the largest developing country in the world, China’s practice in sustainable urban development undoubtedly has a broad demonstration effect and can contribute to global sustainable development.

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Yang, Jun, José G. Siri, Justin V. Remais, Qu Cheng, Han Zhang, Karen K. Y. Chan, Zhe Sun, et al. "The Tsinghua–Lancet Commission on Healthy Cities in China: unlocking the power of cities for a healthy China." Lancet 391, no. 10135 (May 2018): 2140–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30486-0.

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Reid, David McHardy, Guotai Chi, Zhi Chong Zhao, and Ilan Alon. "Indexing innovation within China." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 29, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 416–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-09-2018-0059.

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Purpose Performed over a five-year time horizon, this paper aims to analyze the progression rates of technological innovation across 15 sub-provincial Chinese cities. The authors quantify and rate innovation performance, then rank the cities based on a purpose-built index designed to gauge the rate of technological progress. Design/methodology/approach Using the inferior constraint method, and a variety of national sources of data, the authors construct an innovation index based in part on new product sales revenue, proportion of college students, research and development expenditure of industrial enterprises in relation to gross industrial output value, contract deals in technical markets per capita, hazard-free treatment rate of waste, enterprises with technical development agencies accounts for industrial enterprises, number of high-tech enterprises and invention patent ownership per million population. Findings The findings provide a methodology for indexing cities, with 15 Chinese provincial cities as examples. Among the top five cities with the highest technological innovation index were Shenzhen, Nanjing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou and Wuhan. In the bottom were Shenyang, Changchun, Dalian, Xi’an and Harbin. Research limitations/implications This study applied a new model of innovation at the city level for China. Application to other industries (real estate, manufacturing, etc.) and countries will extend boundaries of this model and show its wider applicability. Practical implications Companies can use this research and methodology when seeking new investments in high tech and innovative products. Locations offering more hospitable environments should be prioritized ceteris paribus. Originality/value One weakness of much of the international business and competitiveness literature is that it often views the country as the primary unit of analysis. In this way, nuanced views of the institutional environments within countries are often overlooked. This paper proposes a measure of regional rates of innovativeness across China.

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Du, P., and X. Zheng. "City drainage in ancient China." Water Supply 10, no. 5 (December 1, 2010): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.112.

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This paper gives an overview of the evolution of city drainage in ancient China, and analyzes the achievement of drainage of such cities as Pingliangtai in Henan province, Xibo of Shang Dynasty, Linzi, the capital of the State of Qi, Chang'an, the capital of Han and Tang Dynasties, Kaifeng, the Eastern Capital of Northern Song Dynasty, Ganzhou, Dadu, the capital of Yuan Dynasty; and Beijing, the capital of Ming and Qing Dynasties. This paper also sums up the characteristics and the management experiences of the drainage facilities of ancient Chinese cities, including drainage system management methods, rules and laws about drainage in different eras, and overall principles of ancient city water systems. At present, most major cities in China are facing issues relating to drainage systems and city water systems. These cities are often bothered by floods and other water-related problems. Learning from the ancestors' experience would be important and necessary for modern planners and decision makers. Therefore this paper may be used for reference in modern city planning and construction.

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Pan, Ane, Linxiu Yu, and Qing Yang. "Characteristics and Forecasting of Municipal Solid Waste Generation in China." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 8, 2019): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051433.

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The clear understanding of characteristics and trends of solid waste generation is essential for the optimization of waste collection and treatment systems. Taking 651 cities in China as a sample, this study adopts correlation analysis and the Q-type clustering model to explore the characteristics and general trends of solid waste generation (SWG) of five cities of different scale from 2007 to 2016. The results show that the trends of average amount and the annual per capita SWG are diversified in cities of different scale. The permanent residents and regional GDP have prominent impacts on SWG in large cities, megacities, and super megacities compared to those from small and medium-sized cities. The urban area is highly correlated with the SWG of all cities. Nearly one third of cities are characterized by high population density, high economic growth and low SWG. Furthermore, the factor models are developed to forecast the amount of SWG, which have a descriptive capacity of 96%, 95.4%, 92.6%, and 84.2% for the overall cities, large cities, medium-sized cities and small cities respectively.

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Yue, Dahai, Xiao Chen, Yuhui Zhu, James Macinko, and Qingyue Meng. "Reductions in under-5 mortality and public health improvements of the China Healthy Cities (Counties) initiative: a nationwide quasi-experimental study." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 3 (March 2022): e007154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007154.

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IntroductionThe China Healthy Cities (Counties) public health initiative has been at the forefront of China’s efforts to counteract the growing challenges in the urban environment since the 1990s. It primarily focuses on improving the urban living environment. However, the nationwide health impacts of the initiative remain unexplored.MethodsWe constructed nationwide county-level and city-level panel data from 1996 to 2012 using data on under-5 mortality rates (U5MR), the list of China healthy cities and counties and socioeconomic factors. We used a two-step staggered difference-in-differences approach that exploits variations in the timing of achieving the title of China Healthy City/County. Subgroup analyses by region were performed.ResultsWe included 707 cities in the China Healthy Cities study, and 1631 counties in the China Healthy Counties study. Our results indicate substantial and significant reductions in U5MR associated with the public health initiative in China. The association varies across regions with different socioeconomic statuses. China Healthy Cities were significantly associated with a reduction of 0.7/1000 (95% CI −1.2 to −0.2) in under-5 mortality 5 years after cities gained the title and a decrease of 1.4/1000 (95% CI −2.2 to −0.6) 10 years afterward. Cities from western China saw the largest statistically significant gains with 3.2/1000 and 7.2/1000 reductions in child mortality after 5 and 10 years, respectively. China Healthy Counties were also associated with significant reductions in under-5 mortality 8 years after achieving the title; it was associated with 2.6/1000 reductions in under-5 mortality nationwide and 3.8/1000 reductions in eastern China. Our results are robust to heterogeneous treatment effects across cities/counties over time and various model specifications.ConclusionOur results suggest significant reductions in under-5 mortality associated with this public health intervention focusing on living environment conditions. Future research could explore differential effects across regions and clarify the underlying causal mechanisms.

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Hanlon, W. Walker, and Yuan Tian. "Killer Cities: Past and Present." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151071.

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The industrial cities of the 19th century were incredibly unhealthy places to live. How much progress has been made in reducing these negative health effects over the past 150 years? To help answer this question, we compare mortality patterns in 19th century England to those in Chinese urban areas in 2000. We document that substantial improvements have been made in improving health in cities over this period. Unlike historical English cities, large cities in China have lower mortality than less populated areas. However, we also provide evidence that in China a substantial relationship between industrial pollution and mortality remains.

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Shen, Daidai, Jean-Claude Thill, and Jiuwen Sun. "Are Chinese Cities Oversized?" International Regional Science Review 43, no. 6 (November 5, 2019): 632–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017619884108.

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In this article, the socioeconomic determinants on urban population in China are empirically investigated with a theoretical equilibrium model for city size. While much of the research on urban size focuses on the impact of agglomeration economies based on “optimal city size” theory, this model is eschewed in our research due to its theoretical paradox in the real world, and we turn instead toward an intermediate solution proposed by Camagni, Capello, and Caragliu. This equilibrium model is estimated on a sample of 111 prefectural cities in China with multiple regression and artificial neural networks. Empirical results have shown that the model explains the variance in the data very well, and all the determinants have significant impacts on Chinese city sizes. Although sample cities have reached their equilibrium sizes as a whole, there is substantially unbalanced distribution of population within the urban system, with a strong contingent of cities that are either squarely too large or too small.

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Wang, Song, Jiexin Wang, Chenqi Wei, Xueli Wang, and Fei Fan. "Collaborative innovation efficiency: From within cities to between cities—Empirical analysis based on innovative cities in China." Growth and Change 52, no. 3 (June 14, 2021): 1330–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/grow.12504.

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Zhu, Zhenghui, Li Wang, Wanbo Liu, and Dewei Qi. "Relationship between Urban Economic Connections and Geoeconomic Relations in Northeast China." Complexity 2020 (August 20, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5263048.

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Using Northeast China as the research area and three time nodes (2007, 2012, and 2017), the gravitational model and Euclidean distance method were used to measure the spatial economic connections and geoeconomic relations between four regional central cities and other small- and medium-sized cities. The complexity of urban economic relations was systematically analyzed based on matching urban economic connections and geoeconomic relations. This paper provides suggestions on how to strengthen and build a benign and sustainable urban economic relations system in Northeast China. The results of the study show that, from 2007 to 2017, the economic links between the four central cities and other cities continued to strengthen. Shenyang had the highest total of economic links, and Changchun, the fastest growth rate. From 2007 to 2017, the geoeconomic relations between the four central and other cities generally improved, shifting from competitiveness to complementarity. Competition intensified for Shenyang and Dalian with cities in Liaoning province, and their complementarity strengthened with cities outside the province. The relationship between the four central cities with other cities is to strengthen cooperation and complementarity. Therefore, the cities in Northeast China need to strengthen economic ties and the complementarity of geoeconomic relations and optimize the matching relationship. They should focus on the role of regional central cities in promoting the economic integration of the entire Northeast China and jointly promote the orderly urban niche system and full coordination. The formation and stability of the developing regional cooperative community are discussed.

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Shi, Kehan, Jinfang Wang, Xiaojin Liu, and Xiaoying Zhao. "Impact of high-speed rail on tourism in China." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): e0276403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276403.

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The “time-space compression” effect of high-speed rail (HSR) has effectively improved the accessibility of the cities and has had a profound impact on tourism. This study explores the impact of HSR on tourism development in cities along HSR lines from the perspective of transfer of transport advantages, then evaluates the impact of HSR on tourism development using panel data of 286 cities in China from 2005 to 2013 by the difference-in-differences (DID) method. The empirical results show that the opening of HSR has significantly increased the tourism revenue and tourist arrivals. These results are still holds after considering endogenous HSR lines placement, and by various robustness checks. Further analysis of nodal effect shows that node cities experienced greater growth in tourism revenue than non-node cities. The analysis of mechanism found that tourism development in node cities relied on hotel industry, while tourism development in non-node cities relied on scenic spots industry. The findings of this study validate the role of HSR as a catalyst for urban tourism development, and reveal the comparative advantages of tourism in different cities under the influence of HSR. This study has important reference value for the development of tourism industry policies in cities along and around HSR lines.

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Thürmer, Amelie, and Elena Meyer-Clement. "Global City Agency and Multilevel Governance in China." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 28, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 80–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02801006.

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Abstract Over the past few decades, cities have become increasingly active in global climate governance. Although most research on city agency has focused on democratic (often Western) cities, the climate-related activities of Chinese cities in global city networks have also expanded, raising the question of whether cities from nondemocratic political systems can be international actors or whether they are merely extensions of their national governments. This article examines how the Chinese Party-state’s institutions and governing instruments shape cities’ global agency and how these structures impact the work of various city networks operating in China. To this end, it analyzes policy reports, documents, and original interview data collected from city network representatives. The findings demonstrate that city networks in China walk a fine line between their door-opening function for cities to global climate governance and their role as transmitters of the central government’s gatekeeping function, thereby sustaining the hierarchical control structures of the Chinese Party-state.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cities – China'

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