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1
王民勤 and Man-kan Wong. "Residential neighbourhood planning in Chinese cities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259297.
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Li, Xin Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Brownfields in China : how Cities recycle industrial land." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67249.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-174).
Since around 2000, China has been experiencing a major shift in its industrial bases. Many cities have been relocating polluting and energy-intensive plants from urban areas to the less-developed periphery. In the summer of 2005, when I started to pay attention to industrial relocation cases in China, I found that the issue of urban land contamination was not of much concern to either the general public or the government, not even Chinese environmental scholars. I found little evidence that, among relocation projects, former industrial land was properly monitored and treated before construction. Although problems with polluted land have been widely studied in developed countries, this field has remained virtually untouched in China until recently. These industrial sites, usually polluted, are considered brownfields. Without a comprehensive brownfield redevelopment regulatory system in China, I have also observed inconsistence in local environmental activities in dealing with potentially contaminated land. I answer the following four questions: (1) Given the absence of a strong national/provincial brownfield legislative system, why are some brownfields remediated while some are not?; (2) How can the interactions among polluting factories, profit-driven developers, and public agencies affect the outcome of various stages in the land-recycling process? (3) What are the sources of variation in land recycling projects even within the same city? and (4) What institutional arrangement is favorable to pollution remediation? My argument is that, rather than solely relying on reform from the top, local governments have the ability to ensure a sustainable and healthy industrial land redevelopment. Through three case studies of relocation projects (the Capital Iron and Steel Plant, the Beijing Coke Plant and the Beijing Chemical Plant), I find some institutional changes which were not designed initially for brownfields are conducive to more effective and efficient management of land contamination. These changes, such as the introduction of the Land Consolidation and Reserve Center and the auction system, have promoted a transparent decision-making process, increased involvement of civil society, and effective inter-agency communication, all of which reinforced my hypothesis that a relatively balanced participation in decision making among stakeholders involved in land-recycling projects leads to sustainable land recycling.
by Xin Li.
Ph.D.
3
Shan, Yuli. "China emissions accounts and low-carbon development in cities." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2018. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/67787/.
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China, the world’s second-largest economy, has witnessed a miracle in its economic growth. With lifestyle changes and rapid economic growth in China, China’s CO2 emissions have tripled during the past decades. China is now the world leading energy consumer and CO2 emitter. China is playing an increasingly important role in global emissions reduction and climate change mitigation. The accurate account of CO2 emissions is the foundation of any emission analysis and further reduction actions. However, there are no official published emission inventories in China. All the previous studies calculated China’s emissions by themselves, making the emissions inconsistent and incomparable with each other. The first part of this PhD thesis compiles the time-series Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) territorial CO2 emission inventories for China and its provinces from 1997 to 2015. The multi-scale emissions inventories are constructed in a uniform format (by 46 socioeconomic sectors and 17 fossil fuels). An open-access database “ceads.net” is built based on this PhD study. CEADs is the first open-access emission database providing self-consistent and transparent data for China. Chapter 4 finds that the total CO2 emissions of China increased rapidly during the past 16 years with an average increase of 7.8% per year. The emissions peaked in 2013, at 9,534 million tonnes (Mt). The detailed analysis of the CO2 emissions by sectors and fossil fuel sources finds that coal-related fuels and the manufacturing sectors, especially the “power and heat”, are the primary contributor to the national emissions. Chapter 4 also examines the per capita CO2 emissions and the emission intensity of China. The results show that the per capita emissions increased quickly from 2.4 (2000) to 6.7 (2015) tonnes, while the emission intensity keeps decreasing during the period. Both comparison and Monte Carlo uncertainty analyses are conducted to China’s emissions. The result shows that the uncertainties of the national CO2 emissions are roughly (-15%, 25%) at a 97.5% confidential level. Similar analyses are conducted at the provincial level in Chapter 4 as well. The results show that Shandong emitted the most CO2 cumulatively among the 30 provinces, followed by Hebei, Jiangsu, Guangdong, and Henan. The fossil fuel and sector-specific analysis of the provincial CO2 emissions describe detailed emissions of each province. The per capita emissions and emission intensities of each province are also presented in this study. In order to have a better understanding of China’s CO2 emissions, Chapter 5 provides further analysis of emission characteristics of the lime industry and petroleum coke for the first time. The lime industry is the second largest process-related emission contributor followed by the cement. The results show that, in 2012, the process-related CO2 emissions in China’s lime production accounted for 141.72 Mt, while the electricity and fossil fuel-related emissions accounted for 55.95 and 4.42 (Mt) respectively. Further discussions of the reduction policy recommendations of China’s lime industry are presented in this study based on the economic and environmental assessment of different lime kilns. As for the petroleum coke consumption, its combustion produced 26.2 Mt CO2, 807 tonnes CH4, and 137 tonnes N2O in 2014. The petroleum coke-related emissions are increasing fast. During the past five years, its emissions increased by 87%, which is remarkably high compared to the 19.4% growth rate of total CO2 emissions in China. Considering the petroleum coke is a dirty and un-environmental friendly fossil fuel type, the quick growth of petroleum coke consumption should be of serious concern to the government. Further to the national and provincial emission inventories, Chapter 7 examines the CO2 emissions from Tibet and its cities. This is the first study to quantify Tibet’s emissions. The results show that Tibet emitted a total of 5.52 Mt of CO2 related to fossil fuel combustion and cement production in 2014. The per capita and emission intensity of Tibet are much lower than the national average level. The city-level analysis shows that over half of Tibet’s CO2 emissions are induced in Lhasa city. The second part of this PhD thesis examines the CO2 emissions from Chinese cities and discusses the possible low-carbon development pathways of cities at different industrialisation and development stages. Being the basic units for human activities and major contributors to emissions, cities are major components in the implementation of climate change mitigation and CO2 emission reduction policies. Increasing attention is now being paid to city-level emission reduction and climate change mitigation in China. Chapter 3 firstly develops a series of methods to compile CO2 emission inventories for Chinese cities with different data availabilities. The emission inventories of cities are constructed with the consistent scope and uniform with the national and provincial emission inventories calculated above. Chapter 6 then applies the methods to examine emissions characteristics in 182 cities. The results show that the top-emitting cities represent a disproportionately large fraction of the total emissions from the 182 cities. The top five emitting cities (Tangshan, Shanghai, Suzhou, Nanyang, and Chongqing) accounts for 11% of the total emissions. More high-emitting cities can be found in northern and eastern China compared with other regions. Chapter 6 further applies the cluster analysis to cluster the 182 case cities into five groups with distinct pillar industries describing their different industrialisation stages and development pathways. The results find that there is labour division among Chinese cities, the most developed cities (service-based and high-tech industry cities) are supported by nearby manufacturing cities. In turn, the manufacturing cities are supported by nearby energy production centres. In this way, different cities should have different low-carbon roadmaps designed based on their current industrialisation stages and development pathways. Chapter 6 also finds that efficiency gains could be a practical and effective way to reduce CO2 emissions. The sectoral-based calculation of the cities’ emission reduction capacities via technical improvements show that up 31% of the 182 cities’ emissions can be reduced if the strongest reduction strategies been applied. The results suggest that China’s near-term goals of reducing its emissions intensity may be feasibly accomplished by targeted technological improvements, buying time for the longer-term strategies of shifting to non-fossil energy and a more service-based economy. Moreover, improving and optimizing the energy and carbon efficiency of industrial production processes and operations could help lower the costs of advanced technologies and thus facilitate their deployment in less-developed cities and countries beyond China. This PhD study has great real-world significance and has filled in several research gaps in China’s emission accounts and cities’ low-carbon development. The research also provides solid and robust data support for future academic research on China’s emission topics and emission reductions policy-making in China. First of all, this PhD study provides the first open-access China emission database providing the multi-scale CO2 emission inventories. Secondly, this PhD study analyses the detailed emission characteristics of China, its provinces, and cities, as well selected key industries. Specific and efficient emission control policies targeting the major emission sources are discussed based on the analysis. Also, based on the city-level emission accounts, this PhD study analyses the low-carbon roadmaps for cities at different industrialisation stages and development pathways. Furthermore, considering the wide ranges of Chinese cities’ industrialisation maturity, the cross-section analysis of China’s cities may disclose the emissions characteristics of the whole industrialisation process. The emission reduction roadmaps designed in this study for cities at different industrialisation stages also provide references for other developing countries at similar stages of industrialisation.
4
Zhao, Danlin, and 趙丹琳. "Estimate environmental factors on influenza-associated mortality in comparing Chinese cities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206953.
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Background
Influenza is an infectious respiratory illness which causes not only mild illness but also severe illness and death, responsible for about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide every year. Excess mortality usually had been used to estimate the actually recorded number of deaths that exceeded the number expected on the basis of past seasonal experience so as to assess the influenza related mortality. Previous studies reporting the association with environmental factors, such as ambient temperature and influenza related mortality, varied in different cities. Therefore, the association between environmental factors and excess mortality of influenza is still controversial and inconclusive, particularly in subtropical regions. Furthermore, whether there exists heterogeneity in the influenza disease burden and effect magnitude among different cities in the same subtropic region has been seldom documented so far.
Objective
The primary aim of this study is to critically assess the association between environmental factors especially weather conditions such as temperature, precipitation and relative humidity and the influenza‐associated mortality via systematic review and quantative analysis. The secondary aim is to compare the effect magnitude of environmental factors on influenza associated mortality between the southern cities of Mainland China and Hong Kong.
Method
Because influenza disease is difficult to detect or measure, influenza associated excess mortality which includes all cause deaths associated with influenza, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases (R&C) and pneumonia and influenza (P&I) has been used to measure the influenza. Eiligible studies up to February 2013 have been searched in Pubmed, EMBASE database and reference lists of previous reviews. All observational studies including ecological studies which assessed the assoicaitons between environmental factors and influenza‐associated mortality were included. Related excess mortality which had been deal with Poisson model in Hong Kong and related excess mortality which had been deal with negative binomial model in these Mainland southern cities had been collected from the secondary data. Meteorological data in Hong Kong had been collected from the historical data in meteorological observation stations, while the meteorological data in the southern cities of China was collected from China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System. Pearson correlation and linear regression have been used to examine the association between environmental factors and influenza associated mortality. Last, a pooled analysis was conducted by including city*environmental factors (temperature) as an interaction term in the model to detect the effect magnitude in the two kinds of cities. All tests were two‐sided and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results
A total of 14 papers were included in the critic review. Negative association between environmental fctors and influenza had been reported in many studies, although inconsistent results had also been reported.
The excess mortality of pneumonia and influenza disease in the five southern Mainland cities is significant higher than the the one in Hong Kong (P=0.010). No significant difference was observed in all‐cause excess mortalities and cardiovascular and respiratory disease excess mortality between the two regions (P=0.991, P=0.109).
In the five Mainland southern cities, there was significant association between temperature and influenza related all‐cause excess mortality, and the significant association was also found between temperature and cardiovascular and respiratory disease excess mortality (r = ‐0.475, P=0.016 and r = ‐0.673, P=0.007, respectively). Moreover, no significant association was found between precipitation and excess mortality in Mainland. While in Hong Kong, the only two significant associations were found between environmental factors, temperature and relative humidity, and P&I excess mortality (r = ‐0.763, P=0.003 and r =‐0.804, P=0.005, respectively).
In the pooled analysis, the influence of temperature on R&C and all cause excess mortality was significantly different between Hong Kong and the five southern Mainland cities. With the increasing of the temperature, the excess mortalities reduced in the two counterparts. However, tempereture had a greater effect on the excess mortality in Mainland China cities than in Hong Kong.published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
5
Fung, Tse-hing Winnie, and 馮子卿. "Transport in world cities: how does Hong Kongperform?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3194548X.
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Yuen, Wing-yee, and 袁詠儀. "The city in late imperial China and Tokugawa Japan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2989301X.
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Liu, Suyao. "SUSTAINABLE CITIES Environmental Development CASE STUDY IN CHINA----GUI YANG." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14687.
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Chen, Guo. "Migrating Cities : How to redefine the regional development in China." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-790.
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With the rapid development of the urbanization in China, more and more migrants who are mainly from the relatively poor areas move to big cities in order to obtain the economic benefits. However, rather than living condition of migrants and rural development, people pay more attention to the economic development of the city. Migrants cannot achieve reasonable living condition in the urban context, at the same time, they may lose their land and source of income if they come back hometown although they have devoted themselves to the construction of big cities and economic development of rural areas. I analyze the characters of migrants’ living conditions in the big cities and the transfer of labors in rural areas, claiming that we should consider the situation of migrants scientifically when we are conducting the urban planning and urbanization. To explain the phenomenon of migration intuitively, I choose the Zhejiang village in Beijing and four villages in Henan Province as the example to study and analysis in the following. Firstly, Beijing is the capital of China so that it is the most popular place for migrants to move in. Zhejiang village is the famous historic problem in China and there are a lot of literatures and data collections that can be useful for my thesis. Secondly, Henan Province has the largest population in China and the migration is popular there. After the case study and survey, I analyze the reasons of the problem from different perspective such as government, economic differences, migrants’ education and so on. The paper suggests the solutions to solve the problems from relevant aspects.
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Li, Qian. "Energy efficiency design of residential buildings in North China cities." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54484/.
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With the rapid growth of housing development in China, energy inefficiency in domestic architectures is becoming a crucial problem for the nation's sustainable development. At present, the average energy consumption of housings in North China cities is three times that in developed countries. The energy conservation regulation introduced by the government requires 65% heating energy saving in dwellings compared with the 1980's standard. However most of the current buildings cannot meet that regulation the problem is mainly due to the lack of detailed technology and construction requirements, and difficulties in relation to enforcement. The main aim of this research is to investigate the potential of using environmental design strategies to increase the energy efficiency of residential architectures in North China cities while provide reasonable comfort conditions. Literature review, on-site observations, field experiments and computer simulation were used. The field experiments were conducted in five flats in Tianjin and Xi'an cities to assess their thermal performance. Thermal simulations by using the building energy model HTB2 were employed to analysis these designs, and what improvements can be reasonably achieved, in line with China's targets for reducing housing energy demand by adapting certain environmental design strategies. The findings of this work showed that with the adaptation of environmental design strategies, significant improvements of energy efficiency of residential buildings in North China cities can be achieved and considerable portion of energy can be saved. The most effective parameter in heating reduction is improve thermal insulation, having 50mm and 100mm polystyrene insulation achieved reductions of 26.5% and 38.8‰ respectively. Reduce the infiltration rate is the second most effective method, limit the air change rate to 0.5 ach reduced 21.6% of the heating demand from the existing condition. The parameters that reduce most cooling demand are having a reasonable window area and night time controlled ventilation the reduction rate is around 23% and 13% respectively. Moreover, combining appropriate design parameters will maximise their effectiveness in energy reduction. Having parameters including appropriate glazing ratio, improve insulation of the building envelope, reduce infiltration etc. will enable case studies to match the 65% saving regulations straightforward and the cooling load was also substantially reduced. Moreover, by following further modification suggestions, the energy reduction rate reached 90%. Considerable reduction in energy use and carbon emission can be achieved in North China cities and other places experiencing similar climates, by adapting the suggested design strategies. The findings of this research could help the decision-makers and architects to improve thermal performance and energy efficiency of both existing housings and future designs.
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Lu, Jiarong, Yin Xu, and Bingqian Zhou. "Marketing and Price strategies for China Telecom Company : a case study of differences between broadband price and area in China." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10895.
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Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the relationship between the cities’ GDP and prices. We would like to find out the differences between China Telecom’s broadband prices and areas. If there are differences, are those differences considered from the cities’ GDP? The outcome of this dissertation will provide information about new project price of China Telecom after Network three in one. Design/methodology/approach: The study deals with the relationship between China Telecom Company telecommunication prices and areas. This refers to the use of China Telecom Company’s broadband prices and the information from three different areas. The hypotheses are tested with survey data from three different areas in China. Findings: The results show that the cities’ GDP and the price of China Telecom service are related. Originality/value: This thesis will explore the influencing factors the price in telecommunication industry.
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Ng, Wai-yu, and 吳慧茹. "Metro development in China's mega-cities: a case study of Guangzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38840923.
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Xie, Liou. "A transitional city the case study of Shenzhen, China, 1980-2005 /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B39557650.
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Douglas, Jake Brandon. "Globalization of the Chinese city : a comparative study on the prospects of a global city in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/199859.
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China has experienced unprecedented growth since the open door policy began at the end of the 1970s and is currently in position as the world’s second largest economy in terms of gross domestic product. Much of the academic community already considers China a dominant economic power and potentially the most important nation state in terms of its current and future role in the global economy.
In addition, the last 50 years has produced a plethora of research on the importance of cities and on their profound economic contribution under persistent international trends of globalization. One prime example of the culmination and prominence of this research, Saskia Sassen’s The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, delineates specific characteristics of true global cities, citing the three titled cities as the only prime examples in existence.
Based on the economic prominence of China as a nation-state, this dissertation aims to view China’s prominent contemporary cities through the lens of Sassen’s global city alongside other relevant and related theories and data in order to determine whether a true global city exists today within Mainland China. It then evaluates the current status of Chinese cities with respect to the observed effects of globalization and on the hypothetical path to true global city status. A number of theories relating to Chinese cities are developed in this respect, including the ‘shared spotlight’ theory and the ‘polarity of global city functions’ theory. Finally, an attempt is made to directly associate the distinct global economic roles and developmental paths of Beijing and Shanghai to the unique political and economic policy and action demonstrated by the Chinese Communist Party.
Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the conclusion is drawn that Chinese cities, specifically Beijing and Shanghai, have taken divergent paths and play very distinct economic roles, as opposed to showing the natural agglomeration of global city functions one would expect to find in a world economic power under an increasingly globalizing world economy. Additionally, an associated conclusion is drawn that the unique developmental paths and the resulting distinct roles can be directly associated with actions and policies of the Chinese Communist Party.published_or_final_version
China Development Studies
Master
Master of Arts in China Development Studies
14
Cai, Jianming. "Measuring the formation of world cities : the case of Shanghai /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22029989.
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Fu, Beirong, and 付蓓蓉. "Housing prices, income and urban quality of life : an empirical study across 35 cities in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194616.
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Nowadays, the mobility and globalization of firms make it possible for people to choose their favorite working cities worldwide. Thus beyond employment and income, more and more attention has been paid to the comparison of urban quality of life (UQOL). As housing cost usually consists of the largest share of household budget which is thought as a “ticket” to live in a city, housing prices surely have great impact on the relative value of income and UQOL when one makes a relocation decision. With increasing inter-urban migration in China, the inter-urban real estate development becomes popular. In order to plant right crop for right land, the inter-urban differences on the combination of housing prices, income and UQOL should be well studied.
In addition, it is found that cities with high UQOL grow faster because they can attract more talents to work in (Glaeser 2001). But with more and more immigration taken place in high amenity cities, housing prices may rise up faster than workers’ wages. When the advantage of UQOL is offset by the increased housing cost, it would reach a dynamic equilibrium which lets immigration terminate or slow down. Even worse, if housing prices rise higher and higher, talents would have to move out. Therefore, it is noticeable to the urban governments that the pattern of inter-urban competitiveness changes dramatically from the traditional solely economic-driven mode to the sustainable attractiveness by the bundles of housing prices, income and UQOL.
This research aims at revealing the quantitative relationship among housing prices, income and UQOL which may give inspiration to city dwellers, developers and governments. Firstly following the compensation theory, a customized equilibrium model is developed to calculate the quantitative value of UQOL. Then a new classification method is proposed to Chinese cities based on their bundles of housing prices, income and UQOL. There are 3-high cities, 2-high (2-high-price&income, 2-high-price&UQOL, 2-high-income&UQOL) cities, 1-high (1-high-price, 1-high-income and 1-high-UQOL) cities and 3-low cities. This classification gives a new vision for city dwellers, developers and governments to recognize the substantive differences among cities which are helpful for decision making, strategy deployment and policy making. Rural labor is suggested to choose 1-high-income cities as early as better. College graduates are advised to enter 2-high-income&UQOL cities as soon as possible. The rich and famous group is recommended to enter 3-high cities to enjoy the most mature service. Inter-urban developers need to take different development strategies in different kinds of cities: develop products at popular locations in 3-high cities, create local good reputation with high-quality housing in cities with high housing prices and enter cities with high UQOL as quickly as possible. For urban governments, it’s important to keep improving UQOL in the course of the economic development. Also, they are advised to control the excessive growth of housing prices especially in 3-high cities.published_or_final_version
Real Estate and Construction
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
16
Cheng, Zhaohua. "Public perceptions of low carbon economy development in smaller cities in China." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57660.
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Low carbon economies have been proposed in many areas of the world as a strategy to mitigate climate change, including in the world’s biggest greenhouse gas emitting country, China. While much effort has been put into developing low carbon economies in major cities in China, less attention has been paid to smaller cities and counties. The goal of this exploratory research is to develop a preliminary understanding of citizens’ perceptions of low carbon economies and their attitude towards low carbon policies in smaller cities (or counties) in China. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in Fuding City and Zherong County in Fujian Province (southeastern China), with three sub-populations - general public, community residents, and government employees. Results indicated several possible knowledge gaps and inconsistencies in perceptions about climate change and the low carbon economy among citizens. However, citizens did indicate high levels of support for developing a low carbon economy in local areas. Binary and multinomial logistic regression models developed in this study indicated that citizens’ knowledge of low carbon economies and their level of concern about climate change were significant factors influencing their level of support for a low carbon economy. In general, citizens with more knowledge of low carbon economies and a greater level of concern about climate change showed greater support for developing a low carbon economy. However, greater knowledge and more supportive attitudes did not necessarily lead to behavioural changes. This research discovered an ‘attitude-behaviour’ gap between someone showing greater support for low carbon policies and having less intention to change their behaviour (on average, respondents had tried three to four low carbon activities but were willing only to conduct one more low carbon activity to further lower their carbon footprint). Significant differences were found between the study areas and between different sub-populations, which suggested priorities for further engagement and social learning among the populations of smaller cities in China. Findings call for more effort to be put towards informing and engaging citizens in order to improve their understanding of low carbon economies and more closely align behaviours with attitudes in response to climate change.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
17
Shen, Feng 1972. "Environment and infrastructure development in mega-cities : the case of Shanghai, China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46255.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-96).
As the largest city of China and one of the world's 10 largest cities, Shanghai has experienced rapid economic growth in the recent years. But at the same time this rapid economic growth is placing a major burden on the city's infrastructure and local environment. The purpose of this thesis is to developing an understanding of the current infrastructure situation in Shanghai, its potential development in future and its impacts on the environment. First, the thesis will describe a general picture of Shanghai including geological location, economics and its relation to the country and population growth. Then the thesis will review the current environment and infrastructure problem faced by the city. As air pollution, energy shortage, transportation congestion and poor water quality are the major three hindrances to the sustainable development of Shanghai, these will be the major concerns of this thesis. The conflict between the continually increasing demand for infrastructure facilities with the environmental and financial constraints is not a problem unique in Shanghai. Some specific comparison with other mage-cities will be made to develop a better understanding the related issues and the possible strategies to improve the environment and infrastructure performance in the city will be analyzed. Since the financing is also an important issue related to integrate infrastructure development, finally, this thesis will analyze the current infrastructure investment structure and discuss the potentially new approach for the funding of the infrastructure in Shanghai.
by Feng Shen.
S.M.
18
Zhang, Yueming Amy, and 张玥明. "Institutional changes and land development in Chinese cities: a case study of Beijing, 1996-2008." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47752531.
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Chinese cities have experienced dramatic growth and transformation since
the initiation of economic reforms in 1978. One of the main characteristics of
contemporary urban development in China has been the massive expansion of
urban land, which has become one of the most important means to generate fiscal
revenue and promote local economic growth. The existing literature on urban
China has addressed issues such as China’s urbanization, changing urban land use
and changing public finance. What is missing from the existing literature is the
interrelationship among these three processes. The links between urban socioeconomic
development and land use change remain poorly understood, and the
discussion of the relationship between institutional changes and urban land
development has been rather limited. This thesis takes a political economy
perspective to investigate the relationship among institutional changes, urban land
development and urban socio-economic changes in Chinese cities, using Beijing
as a case. The main argument made in this study is that urban land development
has worked as an important medium to channel the effects of institutional changes
toward shaping the pattern of urban economic and social development.
During the period of 1996 -2008, Beijing experienced large-scale urban
expansion. The area of agricultural land and unused land dropped by 1.1% and
2.9% respectively while the land used for construction increased by 5.6%, and the
urban built-up area in 2008 was 2.75 times of the area in 1996. My research has
found that the peak of Beijing’s urban land development occurred in the period of
2001 to 2004 when both the growth of urban construction land and the transaction
volume of land conveyance reached their climax. Much of the newly increased
construction land was converted from agriculture for industrial use. Over space,
urban land development in Beijing was concentrated in the northwestern and
eastern regions. My detailed analysis of the sources and dynamics of urban land
development in Beijing has identified profound institutional changes made in the
central-municipal fiscal relations as the most important driving forces responsible
for the temporal, structural, and spatial characteristics of land development
demonstrated in Beijing. My further assessment of the effects of urban land
development in Beijing has revealed a mixed picture of improved economic
efficiency and persistent social and spatial disparity. The efficiency of Beijing’s
economic growth has improved significantly when compared with its past and
with other cities in the region. However, the internal variations in urban socioeconomic
development in the Beijing city-region has been worsen. By
establishing the relationship among the three elements, namely urban land
development, institutional changes and urban socio-economic development, this
research challenges the conventional wisdom that sees land development as
simply the passive outcome of economic growth and suggests that land should
better be seen as the “medium” to connect and materialize the effects of changes
in the political and institutional arena upon urban social and economic
transformation.published_or_final_version
Geography
Master
Master of Philosophy
19
蔡建明 and Jianming Cai. "Measuring the formation of world cities: the case of Shanghai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239912.
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Sin, Lai-ting Jophy. "Narrative of the city memories of ex-colonial cities, Havana, Shanghai and Hong Kong /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31953840.
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Gan, Tong. "Living with water : traditional settlements of Chinese water towns." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64112.pdf.
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Holmsäter, Julia. "Real Estate Development and Overbuilding in Second- and third- tier cities in China." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146614.
Full textAbstract:
This Bachelor of Science thesis focuses on the real estate development and overbuilding in China’s second- and third-tier cities. A number of interviews have been made in order to, combined with information from respected media sources, get a as neutral picture of the situation in the cities as possible. The steps toward development of new buildings are, not just in China, many and includes a number of different participants. Therefore one will find a number of different opinions as well as problems that originate with the development. The interviews that were executed for this thesis were with different people that some way or another are active or has been active in the real estate development in the country. The participants were either active in architecture, engineering, development or expertise regarding the country. All the contributors acknowledged the problem of overbuilding in China, however to what extent the problem existed according to the participants varied. Thus several articles and publications have been referred to in the thesis to exclude possible personal opinions. The thesis includes problems regarding corruption, inconclusive demand analysis’s, "Hukou", governmental visions, urbanization and finally governmental regulations. Conclusively there is not a single factor alone that led to today’s excess real estate development but many different factors that together contributed to the situation.Detta examensarbete fokuserar på Kinas bostadsutveckling i dess mindre storstäder; andra- och tredjeskiktsstäder. Ett flertal intervjuer har genomförts för att, förutom information genom internationell media, få en så neutral och heltäckande bild av bostadsutvecklingen. Stegen till byggande av nya fastigheter, inte bara i Kina utan i hela världen, innehåller många steg och därmed många olika aktörer vilket medför att en rad olika åsikter om vilka problem som uppstår i och med byggandet. Intervjuerna som genomfördes var med en arkitekt, byggnadsingenjör, fastighetsutvecklare samt en Kina-expert. Alla deltagande sade att förbyggande av städerna existerade men hur utbrett de olika aktörerna tyckte att problemet var varierade. I och med denna variation av åsikter gällande förbyggande refererar detta arbete till en rad artiklar och rapporter som publicerats via olika respektabla tidskrifter. Arbetet tar upp problem inom byggande i Kina såsom korruption, bristande marknadsanalyser, "Hukou", höga mål från regeringen gällande urbanisering samt regleringar på statlig nivå. Det är alltså inte bara en faktor som lett till situationen i vissa av Kinas städer idag utan en rad bidragande omständigheter.
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Shen, Xingyao. "Do local government-industry linkages affect air quality? : evidence from cities in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111234.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-79).
I investigate the relationship between local government-industry linkages and pollution outcomes in Chinese cities over the period 2003 to 2010. For identification, I rely on the administrative rotation of city mayors, which is determined by political career considerations and retirement age cut-offs but unrelated to their environmental records. These transitions act as plausibly exogenous shocks that disrupt the relationship between the local government and enterprises at the city level. I employ several statistical models to investigate the leadership's impacts on environmental outcomes. First, a simple t-test is used to evaluate the change in the pollution index when mayors with particular characteristics enter or leave office. In addition, empirical models are utilized to explore the correlation between mayoral characteristics and changes in city-level pollution. I find correlations between mayoral characteristics and city-level environmental outcomes, focusing specifically on SO₂ emissions, SO₂ emission intensities, and end-of-pipe SO₂ removal ratios. Finally, firm-level data allow me to identify the relationship between mayoral characteristics and pollution by enterprises of specific ownership types. Mayors with different characteristics show distinct impacts on city-level pollution. I hypothesize that city leaders who have previous experience in industry pay more attention to local economic growth rather than environmental improvements, resulting in increased SO₂ emissions. Consistent with this hypothesis, I find that mayors with industry work background correspond to an increase (decrease) in city-level SO₂ emissions when they enter (leave) office after controlling for city and year fixed effects. Apart from this, I expect that leaders closer to retirement are under less pressure for promotion as they are going to retire soon and due to age cut-offs may not be eligible for higher positions; instead, they may feel less pressure to promote local businesses and pay more attention to environmental management. Evidence shows consistently that tenures of mayors on the verge of retirement are associated with reductions in city-level SO₂ emissions and increases in city-level end-of-pipe SO₂ removal rates. Further investigation shows that mayors realize their environmental goals via enterprises of specific ownership types. I predict that mayors rotated from the central government are not under pressure of promotion and they are adherent to the central policy in reducing SO₂ emission intensities. I further predict that mayors from the local administration are expected to enforce the usage of SO₂ removal facilities, particularly among enterprises of low level authorities. Consistent with these hypotheses, results show that mayors with work background in central and local governments are associated with improved environmental outcomes, but through different channels. A central government work background results in intensity reduction, but not necessarily SO₂ emissions; however, local government work background is associated with short-term reductions in SO₂ intensities, possibly due to increases in SO₂ removal ratios, particularly among city SOEs. In addition to the analysis of mayoral characteristics, my research reveals several additional interesting findings. I find that enterprises of lower rank more readily build linkages with local officials not only for economic development but also for environmental management as high-ranking enterprises may face a more stringent monitoring system and are more politically powerful. Implications for environmental policy design in China can be drawn from the results. First, industries are encouraged to behave independently from the government in economic activities as well as policy implementation. Second, environmental performance should be effectively and explicitly included in the evaluation program of officials. Third, government-industry linkages, to the extent that they undermine the economic and policy system, should be minimized as much as possible.
by Xingyao Shen.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Lau, Sing Yeung (Sing Yeung Sunnie). "The death of growing cities?! : reconstructing the post-utopian urbanism in China now!" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79133.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-132).
THROUGHOUT HUMAN CIVILIZATIONS; THERE WERE MOMENTS OF COLLECTIVE ATTEMPTS TO REBUILD A UTOPIAN FUTURE TRIGGERED BY POLITICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND/ OR ECONOMIC CRISES. CRISIS SEEMS TO BE A UNIQUE MOMENT TO INITIATE/ GAIN CRITICAL MASS ATTENTION TOWARDS MAKING A NEW PAGE/CHANGE IN HISTORY. IN OTHER WORDS, AS (ARCHITECTS AND URBAN PLANNERS) WE ARE CONSTANTLY RECONSTRUCTING UTOPIAN FUTURES, GREAT MODERNIST VISIONS IN THE 1920S' AND LATER IN 1960S'; THOUGH THEY WERE NOT ABLE TO COPE WITH THE EVOLVING ECONOMIC/ SOCIAL CONSTRUCT OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM--THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF CAPITALISM - THAT WE ARE OPERATING WITHIN SINCE THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN REALITIES AND THE INDIVIDUAL/ COLLECTIVE, PROJECTED FUTURE HAS SEEMED TO FAIL US. UTOPIA- BECOMES DYSTOPIA- OR EVEN SOMETHING UNREACHABLE - A MERE IDEOLOGICAL HOPE OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION--ALMOST LIKE A DOGMATIC RELIGION. PROJECTING INTO THE FUTURE, IN THE YEAR 2050, WHAT IF MOST DEVELOPMENTS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE FACING PROBLEMS OF MAINTAINING OR DEALING WITH OVERSIZED INFRASTRUCTURES? PROBING THE FUTURE IN TODAY'S EYES SUGGEST THAT THE FATE OF "NEW" CITIES HAVE LONG BEEN SCRIPTED AND ARE PRESCRIBED TO DOOM. AND NOW, WE ARE IN A CRITICAL MOMENT OF CRISIS/ OPPORTUNITY IN TURNING OVER TO A PATH TO A NEW ATTAINABLE REALITY IN THE MIST OF UNIMAGINABLE SPEED OF CITY MAKING PROCESS IN CHINA. NEVER BEEN MORE URGENT THAN BEFORE, ECONOMIC GROWTH ACCOMPANIED BY VAST URBANIZATION-THE CITIES AND THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE ARE IN TROUBLE NOW.... HOW SHOULD ARCHITECTS/ URBANISTS REACT IN A SMART WAY THAT COULD DEVISE A REMEDY TO "CORRECT" THE ULTIMATE "SYSTEMATIC FAILURE" IN THE POST-UTOPIAN FUTURE? AND WHAT SHOULD HAVE HAPPENED TO URBANISM--30 YEARS AGO-WILL HAPPEN NOW? THIS THESIS INTENDS TO REVISIT AND UNPACK THE ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGY OF HYBRID GROUP-FORM IN HOUSING, QUESTIONS THE PERMANENT/ INFLEXIBLE NATURE OF THE IDEOLOGIES OF THESE TYPOLOGIES. THE THESIS ATTEMPTS AS AN COMPREHENSIVE DOCUMENTATION OF AN ANATOMY OPERATION IN FINDING THE ELEMENTS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE PARADOX OF INCAPABILITY IN ADDRESSING THE CYCLE OF LIFE AND DEATH OF CITIES ESPECIALLY AT THOSE MOMENTS OF ARISING COMPLICATION AND MULTIPLICITY OF ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL CRISIS IN THE NEW ERA OF CHINA.
by Sing Yeung (Sunnie) Lau.
M.Arch.
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Song, Jinzhu. "Consumers’ intentions to adopt 3G in regional cities in China : a comparative study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/43692/1/Jinzhu_Song_Thesis.pdf.
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Rapid mobile technological evolution and the large economic stake in commercial development of mobile technological innovation make it necessary to understand consumers' motivations towards the latest advanced and updated technologies and services. 3G (the third generation of mobile communication technology) recently started its commercial development in the world‘s largest mobile communication market, China, after being delayed for a few years. Although China fell behind in commercially developing 3G, it is difficult to ignore studying this area, given the size of the market and promising future developments. This market deserves focused research attention, especially in terms of consumer behaviour towards the adoption of mobile technological innovation. Thus, the program of research in this thesis was designed to investigate how Chinese consumers respond to the use of this newly launched mobile technological innovation, with a focus on what factors affect their 3G adoption intentions. It aimed to yield important insights into Chinese consumers‘ innovation adoption behaviours and to contribute to marketing and innovation adoption research. Furthermore, it has been documented that Chinese consumers vary widely between regions in dialect, lifestyle, culture, purchasing power and consumption attitudes. Based on economic development and local culture, China can be divided geographically into distinctive regional consumer markets. Consequently, the results of consumer behaviour research in one region may not necessarily be extrapolated to other regions. In order to better understand Chinese consumers, the disparities between regions should not be overlooked. Therefore, another objective of this program of research was to examine regional variances in consumers' innovation adoption, specifically to identify the similarities and differences in factors influencing 3G adoption, contributing to intra-cultural studies. An extensive literature review identified two gaps: current China-based innovation adoption research studies are limited in providing adequate prediction and explanation of Chinese consumers' intentions to adopt 3G; and there was limited knowledge about the differences between regional Chinese consumers in innovation adoption. Two research questions therefore were developed to address these gaps: 1) What factors influence Chinese consumers' intentions to adopt 3G? 2) How do Chinese consumers differ between regional markets in the relative influence of the factors in determining their intentions to adopt 3G? In accordance with postpositivist research philosophy, two studies were designed to answer the research questions, using mixed methods. To meet the research objectives, the two studies were both conducted in three regional cities, namely Beijing, Shanghai and Wuhan, centred in the three regions of North China, East China and Central China respectively, with sufficient cultural and economical regional variances. Study One was an exploratory study with qualitative research methods. It involved 45 in-depth interviews in the three research cities to gain rich insights into the research context from natural settings. Eight important concepts related to 3G adoption were generated from analysis of the interview data, namely utilitarian expectation, hedonic expectation, status gains, status loss avoidance, normative influence, external influence, cost and quality concern. The concepts of social loss avoidance and quality concern were two unique findings, whereas the other concepts were similar to the findings in Western innovation adoption studies. Moreover, variances in 3G adoption between three groups of regional consumers were also identified, focusing on the perceptions of two concepts, namely status gains and normative influence. The conceptual research model was then developed incorporating the eight concepts plus the dependent variable of adoption intention. The hypothesized relationships between the nine constructs and hypotheses about the differences between regional consumers in 3G adoption were informed by the findings of Study One and the literature reviewed. Study Two was a quantitative study involving a web-based survey and statistical analysis procedure. The web-based survey attracted 800 residents from the three research cities, 270 from Beijing, 265 from Shanghai and 265 from Wuhan. They comprised three research samples for this study and consequently three sets of data were obtained. The data was analysed by Structural Equation Modelling together with Multi-group Analysis. The analysis confirmed that the concepts generated in Study One were influential factors affecting Chinese consumers' 3G adoption intention, with the exception of the concept external influence. Differences were found between the samples in the three research cities in the effect of hedonic expectation, status gains, status loss avoidance and normative influence on 3G adoption intention. The two Studies undertaken in this thesis contributed a better understanding of Chinese consumers' intentions to adopt advanced mobile technological innovation, namely 3G, in three regional markets. This knowledge contributes to innovation adoption and intra-cultural research, as well as consumer behaviour theory. It is also able to inform international and domestic telecommunication companies to develop and deliver more effective marketing strategies across Chinese regional markets. Limitations in the research were identified in terms of the sampling techniques used and the design of the two Studies. Future research was suggested in other Chinese regional markets and into consumer adoption of other types of mobile technological innovations.
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Yang, Yuping, and 杨玉平. "A comparative and typo-morphological study on the early mass-housing of colonial cities in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47296562.
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Set against the backdrop of the crisis of cultural expression and global assimilation
existing in many cities in China, modern house forms of limited types are copied and
mass-produced, regardless of local culture, topography and climate.
Typo-morphological study has been identified and developed as a base for theoretical
discussion and empirical case studies, mainly focusing on the relationship between
elements of form. In this study, it is used to systematically investigate diverse early
mass-housing built in China in the period from the beginning of the 20th century to
the onset of the Anti-Japanese War in 1937. The mass-housings in Qingdao, Tianjin,
Shanghai, Wuhan, Guangzhou and Hong Kong, six significant colonial cities in China,
are selected as case studies. The early mass-housing was a new leading building type
of the time, successfully meeting the needs of occupants, and becoming valuable
assets from which people can derive benefits.
However, most scholars have only investigated the early mass-housing from an
isolated perspective, thereby forfeiting the opportunity to identify what is important to
that particular localized building culture, what distinguishes it from other cultures,
and intrinsic characteristics originating from that locale. Therefore, comparative
analysis of the early mass-housing is necessary to identify and explore characteristics
significant in cultural and environmental adaptation. Moreover, such an analysis helps
develop a better understanding of the evolution of the housing in context.
Based on an extensive literature review, this research selects significant and
representative examples from the six cities. Assisted by a systematic
typo-morphological framework formulated by Conzen, Caniggia and Kropf, this study
investigates the morphological characteristics of these examples at fabric and building
levels. A comparative analysis is then undertaken of the components of these housing
estates within a typological process, which is inherent in the sequence of building
types and characterizes an area. Finally, it gets the conclusion that such housing in
these cities share few morphological patterns; meanwhile, diversity and contradictions
also exist for reasons that go beyond varying climates and geographical locations. By
building up the typological process, this study (with certain qualifications), is able to
explore the constituent parts or elements of housing forms and their interaction in the
formation process, which can have implications for the further housing development.published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Philosophy
27
Zhai, Binqing, and 翟斌庆. "Social capital and urban regeneration in Chinese historic cities: a case study of Xi'an." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47306701.
Full textAbstract:
With rapid urbanization since the 1990s, many Chinese historic cities have
faced the dual challenges of regenerating dilapidated historic inner urban areas
and promoting local economic development. Rampant urban redevelopmentoriented
planning and practices have been undertaken in many places. While
bringing enormous economic returns, this trend also poses many threats to the
character of the historic cities.
Literature on urban regeneration shows that local communities should play
an active role in regenerating a place in addition to other key actors such as the
government and the private sectors. Local communities also play a critical role in
conserving the indigenous lives of historic residential districts. Social capital
enables local communities to act together to pursue shared objectives in the
community-based regeneration processes. Based on this theoretical premise, the
study seeks to examine the role of social capital in the regeneration of Chinese
historic cities.
This thesis aims to provide a historical and contextual understanding of the
evolution of urban regeneration in Chinese historic cities. The thesis also explores
the role of social capital in the current controversies surrounding urban
regeneration in transitional China. In the current mode of urban regeneration
governance in China, local governments often play a dominant role as both
redevelopment advocates and project managers. Private developers are actively
involved while local indigenous residents are often excluded from the
regeneration processes. Urban regeneration practices in Chinese historic cities are
often conducted through urban conservation-cum-redevelopment strategies to spur
local economic growth and improve the physical environment. Since the focus is
on the conservation of the physical environment, many local indigenous lives
have to be excluded and relocated to give way to local redevelopment projects.
The lack of community involvement in local regeneration processes severely
undermines the goals of comprehensive urban regeneration and integrated urban
conservation plans.
Xi’an, a typical Chinese historic city, has been chosen as the study site.
Two solid local case studies have produced the following major findings. In the
Drum Tower Muslim District, traditional Muslim lives and businesses have
sustained a vibrant local economy. Together with cohesive community
relationships, this thesis argues that the historic Muslim district can actually
sustain a self-regeneration process, given proper maintenance of the dilapidated
urban infrastructures by local governments. The question is an institutionalized
mechanism to facilitate this kind of regeneration. The implementation of the
government-led regeneration projects within the Sanxuejie Historic District,
where community relationships are weak with low level of social capital, was
more “efficient”. However, it also means that regeneration efforts were less
comprehensive and indigenous lives of the original neighborhoods were not
conserved.
To achieve the goals of comprehensive urban regeneration in historic cities,
this thesis maintains the following: (1) the conservation of indigenous lives and
local socio-cultural elements is important for local regeneration plans; (2) a strong
social capital contributes to the conservation of local indigenous lives by
facilitating community involvement in local urban regeneration processes; and (3)
an institutionalized community participatory mode of urban governance is
essential for a comprehensive regeneration plan at the local level.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
28
Xia, Nan, and 夏楠. "Dementia literacy among nursing students in mainland China : a cross sectional study in three cities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206468.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Dementia is a global chronicle disease which will impact on millions of elders in the following decades. The increased number of patients would be a huge burden for healthcare professionals. It is important to equip nursing students with proper knowledge and attitude to care for patients with dementia in the clinical practicing; however, little is known about the current dementia literacy level among Chinese nursing students.
Objective: The aim of the current study are (1) to test the psychometric properties of the Modified Dementia Attitude Scale-Chinese Version (MDAS-C), (2) to investigate the current dementia literacy level among Chinese nursing students in three cities in China, and (3) to identify factors that were associated with nursing students’ dementia literacy.
Method: The study consisted of two phases. Phase I was a validation study with cross-sectional design, surveying Year III nursing students in one university in Mainland China. Content validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, the exploratory factor analysis, and the test-retest reliability testing were employed to test the psychometric properties of the MDAS-C. Phase II employed cross-sectional design, surveying all year nursing students in three universities in China. Demographic information, dementia knowledge, attitude toward patients with dementia, and perceptions about healthcare professionals and services related to dementia were measured. Factors that associated with dementia literacy were evaluated.
Results: In phase I, a total of 223 students participated. The MDAS-C contained 12 items, and the Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was 0.685. Three factors (‘Interaction with Patient with Dementia’, ‘Responses to Patient with Dementia’ and ‘Feelings of Patient with Dementia’) were identified, explaining 48.50% of variance. The MDAS-C was positively correlated with Kogan Attitude toward Older People Scale- Chinese Version (KAOP-C) (r=0.458, p<0.001) and its positive subscale (r=0.421, p<0.001). The Pearson-correlation for the 2-week interval test-retest reliability for the scale was 0.703 (p<0.001), which was adequate.
In Phase II, 563 subjects participated. The mean score of Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) was 18.92 (SD = 2.90), which was equivalent to 63.1% of the correct answer. Three factors, namely location, year of study, and whether they knew a person with dementia, were associated with their knowledge. The mean score of MDAS-C was 53.71 (SD= 8.59), which was equivalent to 63.9% of the total score. This result reflected that the participants held positive attitudes toward patients with dementia. Two factors, namely location and whether they knew a person with dementia, were associated with their attitudes toward patients with dementia. Majority of the subjects (93.8%) were not aware of community services provided for patients with dementia. Most subjects (92.2%) ranked skill-training services for both patients and caregivers as the most helpful one. Among healthcare professionals, the majority (91.8%) of the participants considered nurses as the most helpful personnel to patients with dementia.
Discussion and Conclusion: The current study showed that the MDAS-C had good psychometric properties. This instrument can be used for research and clinical practices. The study also contributed to the understanding of dementia literacy among Chinese nursing students and factors associated with dementia literacy.published_or_final_version
Nursing Studies
Master
Master of Philosophy
29
葛欽 and Qin Ge. "City branding: a case study of Beijing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41548450.
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Lam, Yin-kwan, and 林燕群. "Subsidizing air quality improvements: a studyof government subsidies for improving public transportation emissionsin two cities." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38652511.
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Jia, Xuan, and 賈璇. "Land-use/transport system in rapid developing Chinese cities: case study in Shenzhen metro phase I'scorridor." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085441.
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Mar, Phillip. "Accommodating Places: a migrant ethnography of two cities (Hong Kong and Sydney)." University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1209.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyThis ethnography is based on fieldwork in two very different cities, Hong Kong and Sydney. It traces the movements of subjects from Hong Kong through the analysis of differing modes of inhabiting urban space. The texture of lived spaces provides an analytic focus for examining a highly mobile migrant group. This ethnography explores the mesh of objective structures and migrant subjectivities in a mobile field of migrant ‘place’. A basic assumption of this study is that people from Hong Kong have acquired a common array of dispositions attuned to living in a specific environment. Hong Kong’s dense and challenging urban space embodies aspects of the singular historical ‘production of space’ underpinning a colonial entrepôt that has expanded into a major global economic node. The conditions of lived space are examined through an historical analysis of urban space in Hong Kong and an ethnographic analysis of spatial practices and dispositions. The sprawling spaces of suburban Sydney clearly differ sharply from that of Hong Kong. Interview accounts of settling in Sydney are used to investigate the ‘gap’ in spatial dispositions. Settling entails both practical accommodations to new and unfamiliar localities and an interweaving of cultural and ideological elements into the expanded everyday of migrant subjectivity. Language and speech are integral to spatial practices and provide means of referencing and evaluating ongoing social relations and trajectories. The ‘discourse space’ of interview accounts of settlement in Sydney and movements back to Hong Kong are closely examined, yielding an array of perceptions and representations of different, and contested styles of urban life. All the senses are brought into play in accounts of densities and absences in people’s everyday worlds. At the same time this thesis provides a perspective from which to interrogate contemporary interpretations of ‘transnational’ migration, suggesting the need for an analysis grounded in a specific economy of capacities and dispositions to appropriate social and symbolic goods.
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Chen, Shuang Sophia. "Urban forestry and greening strategies : the case of Nanjing, China /." Hong Kong : University of HOng Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23540163.
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Hammer, Brian David. "New urban spaces for a twenty-first century China /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5664.
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Hu, Guo Dong. "The factors that influence electronic payment adoption by SMEs in two cities of China." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8049_1263765238.
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Lyu, Jiarui. "The Housing Bubble Situation in Third-level Cities in China : ACcase Study of Yangzhou." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302989.
Full textAbstract:
Housing bubbles could have a great impact on the economy of a country, especially for a country as large as China. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the housing bubble situation of a region. Based on the classification of cities, this research has selected Yangzhou as the main research sample to predict the overall situation of housing bubble in third-level cities in China. The paper integrates the relevant theories and methods of the housing bubble research mentioned in the literature, and seeks out a set of suitable real estate bubble research methods: using ADF test, EG cointegration analysis to see whether the indicators are suitable as variables in the Granger causality test and regression analysis, and then perform regression analysis on the appropriate variables and housing prices to judge the real estate bubble. Also, the result of Yangzhou is applied to compare with that of Beijing and Shanghai so as to get the difference of real estate markets between first- and third-level cities.Bostadsbubblor kan ge allvarlig inverkan på ett lands ekonomi, särskilt för ett så stort land som Kina. Därför är det nödvändigt att utvärdera om eventuella bostadsbubblor förekommer i olika regioner. I detta arbete analyseras förekomsten av en bostadsbubbla i en av Kinas städer i den tredje storleksklassen enligt det kinesiska klassificeringssystemet. Studieobjektet som valts är Yangzhou. I uppsatsen diskuteras de relevanta teorier och metoder som förekommer i litteraturen för analys av bostadsbubblor och ett antal metoder tillämpas. ADF-test och Engel-Grainer-kointegration används för att avgöra vilka av de tillgängliga marknadsindikatorerna som är lämpliga att använda vid test av Granger-kausalitet och i regressionsanalyser. Regressioner med de utvalda variablerna görs sedan mot bostadspriser för att erhålla mått på förekomsten av en bostadsbubbla. De empiriska resultaten från studien jämförs också med resultat för Beijing and Shanghai för att påvisa skillnader mellan marknaderna i städer av första respektive tredje storleksklassen.
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Li, Sok-ching, and 李淑青. "Building sustainable cities: a comparative analysis of heritage conservation in Hong Kong and Macau." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45014103.
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Liu, Kaizhi, and 刘开智. "Street vendors in Chinese cities since economic reform : a case study of Guangzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193508.
Full textAbstract:
The growth of informal employment characterizes the urbanization process in the developing countries in the previous decades. China is in the fast lane of urbanization and there are signs of casual employment in Chinese cities in the recent decade. This study chooses a prevalent phenomenon, i.e., street vending, in Chinese cities to investigate the emergence and growth mechanisms of informal employment in Chinese cities since the economic reform. The city of Guangzhou is chosen for case study.
There are two theoretical frameworks in explaining the growth of street vendors in other developing countries. First, they could be interpreted as the mismatch of job opportunities against the capacity in generating employment under specific development strategy (the dualist framework and ISI strategy); or street vending, along with other informal employment opportunities, is the efficient way of doing business (the neoliberal framework). The Chinese case is unique as the country is on the course of marketization while the state remains strong. What is the role of the strong state played in contributing to or refraining from the growth of street vendors; and how the lives of street vendors are in this particular context; are the two questions to be investigated.
Empirical finding shows that the revival of street vendors in Chinese cities (the first generation of street vendors since economic reform) is facilitated by a series of reform policies initiated by the state, particularly the introduction and promotion of individual business. Street vendors relieved employment pressure, met the commodity shortages in the cities, and rejuvenated urban economy in China. The returnees and the peasants in the city suburb are two major groups practicing street vending, who made fortune out of it. The current wave of street vendors is resulted from the unexpected consequences of the state’s policies, including the state’s promotion on labor dispatching regulations to lower the labor price, the land centered urbanization pushing up the rent, the persistent rural urban disparity in generating urban-bound migration, the hukou system in inferiorizing the rural migrants to the locals, and the changing labor market as more young rural migrants emerge. Street vendors in the current wave could be differentiated into developmental street vendors, who drop the low-wage income to practice street vending; and survival street vendors, who are rejected by regular job markets but have to turn to street vending. The street vendors in the recent years tend to have higher income than some regular paid jobs. Survey on their operation, commuting and accommodation shows that they could maintain they live in the city and their vibrancy is due to the abundant cheap products, as the country is the world factory; and a large number of low and lower-middle income wage workers being their clients.
This study concludes that the state contributes to the growth of street vendors in Chinese cities. The strong growth momentum on the growth of street vendors suggests the current antagonistic policies against street vendors need to be reviewed.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
39
John, Daniel Adam. "The role of the middle class in the economic development of Chinese cities : a case study of Shanghai and Wuhan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/199869.
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The Chinese middle class will be central to the continued sustainable development of China. This paper investigates the role of the middle class in the development of individual cities utilizing the Solow growth model. The paper breaks down the Solow growth model into the individual factors of production and calculates values for them over the period 2000 to 2010. Then using the data and the Cobb-Douglas production function shows that, for both Shanghai and Wuhan, total factor productivity is decreasing over the period. The size of the middle class in both cities is also calculated using a relative definition in order to compare its growth to the change in total factor productivity. The study shows that the middle class have yet to play a significant part in the economic development of Shanghai or Wuhan.published_or_final_version
China Development Studies
Master
Master of Arts in China Development Studies
40
Sin, Lai-ting Jophy, and 冼麗婷. "Narrative of the city: memories of ex-colonial cities, Havana, Shanghai and Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953840.
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41
Goodburn, Charlotte Elizabeth Louisa. "Poverty among rural migrant children in India and China : a comparative study of two cities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609874.
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Xie, Liou, and 謝里歐. "A transitional city: the case study of Shenzhen, China, 1980-2005." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39557650.
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Chen, Jennie 1976. "Urban architextures : a search for an authentic Shanghai." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79832.
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As cities have evolved over history as a function of human behaviour, they represent the rich social laboratories of a particular civilization. Because of its ancient roots and its particular historical evolution, the urban tradition in China is appreciatively unique, but yet as China is rapidly thrust into modernity and post-modernity of global interdependence most evident in its urban centres, one can discern clearly the serious cultural disparities that threaten the social fabric of the Chinese people. It is through the massive development of its major metropolises that China is embarking on a disturbing trend of false development, a top-down process which imposes disparate images and illusory expectations on a politically-fatigued society. As the centrepiece of China's entrance onto the international stage, the city of Shanghai represents both the vision of Chinas future, but perhaps also its social demise.
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Ho, Sau-ming Seraphina, and 何秀明. "Soil conditions in landscape tree planters in urban Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31222626.
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許淑君 and Shuk-kwan Hui. "A discussion on wall trees in Western District." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42904687.
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46
Liu, Weibin, and 刘卫斌. "Social capital, lineage and in situ urbanization, the case of "villages within city", Shenzhen, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193492.
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The study explores the relationship between lineage, social capital and in situ urbanization of “villages within city” in the context of China’s rapid urban expansion. The literature reviewed shows that there have been studies on many aspects of “villages within city” since the middle 1990s. However, the role of lineages during the in situ urbanization of “villages within city” is largely under-examined and remains as a research gap. This study endeavors to fill this cross-disciplinary gap. Taking notice of the differences between single-lineage “villages within city” and multi-lineage ones, the study explores the following two research questions: (1) does the level of social capital vary among “villages within city” with different lineage structures? If yes, in what way? (2) does social capital in “villages within city” influence the outcomes of urbanization? If yes, what role does it play?
In order to address the above research questions, the study firstly consults three areas of study, namely, lineage, social capital and in situ urbanization of “villages within city”. Through examining the relationships among the three key research variables, the thesis demonstrates the significance of theoretical integration of the three concepts and develops a tentative analytical framework. Given the different lineage structures, it is hypothesized that single-lineage “villages within city”, compared with multi-lineage ones, are more likely to possess higher levels of social capital at the administrative village level, and thus could achieve better outcomes of urbanization.
To test the hypotheses, two representative “villages within city” with different lineage structures in Futian district of Shenzhen — the single-lineage Xiasha administrative village (including six natural villages which are lived by six Huang sub-lineages) and the multi-lineage Shawei administrative village (including three natural villages that are inhabited by different lineages of Wen, Mo and Liang) — are selected as the case study sites after examining the development trajectory of villages and lineages in Shenzhen. The empirical study measures the levels of social capital in Xiasha and Shawei at both the natural village level and administrative village level through the use of a questionnaire survey, and examines the outcomes of urbanization of Xiasha and Shawei through literature review, department interview, site study and observation.
Three major findings are identified through analyzing the case study: (1) lineage structures in some Chinese “villages within city” are institutional legacies of rural collectivization in the late 1950s; (2) there exists a higher level of social capital at the administrative village level in single-lineage “village within city” than that in multi-lineage one; (3) social capital at the administrative village level, other than that at the natural village level, has a positive role in promoting in situ urbanization of “villages within city” in terms of collective economy development, physical environment construction and lineage culture reservation.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
47
Yang, Chun Charlotte. "Foreign investment and urbanization : a case of the post-1978 Pearl River Delta, China /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18155741.
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Chau, Ling-fung Karin, and 周凌楓. "Demystifying integration regimes in cities: acomparative analysis of Berlin and Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4786980X.
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The integration of immigrants is a major source of social tension in multicultural cities. In Europe, the issue has become particularly contentious after the attacks of September 2001. Cities and societies are not immune to the challenges of social fragmentation and polarization caused by the forces of global migration. This thesis addresses the central question of why the course of integration remains largely problematic and difficult in cities that have become accustomed to diversity. It responds to the existing weaknesses of mainstream research paradigms by conducting a comparative and interdisciplinary analysis of the development of integration regimes in Berlin and Hong Kong that casts doubts on the ability of the ‘multicultural’ politics to mitigate the consequences of immigration and integration in cities.
This thesis suggests that the course of integration is a global as well as a local challenge that is simultaneously affected by the forces of globalization and shaped by the distinctive socio-economic context and cultural-historical background of each receiving city. The comparative study demonstrates that the challenges in Berlin are embedded in the broader European anxiety over the two-fold threats of Islam and terrorism, the ethno-cultural German tradition, and the city’s strained socio-economic situation. The problems with integration in Hong Kong are closely related to the colonial legacy, the city’s difficult integration with mainland China, and the surging political sentiment in society. The study suggests that cities and local governments are not as accommodating to diversity as they claim to be, as racial discrimination and exclusion remain commonplace in both cities. It also rejects the presumed link between the celebration of diversity and the successful course of integration which is entangled with the limitations of the existing ‘multicultural paradigm’ that influences the policymaking. This thesis shows how the paradigm contributes to the growing gap between the active integration policy and the actual predicaments of integration.
By offering a global comparative perspective, this cross-regional study is in a better position to capture the current trend of development and to explain concrete problems with integration in cities, thereby addressing some of the limitations of the mainstream nation-centered studies confined to the Western context.published_or_final_version
Modern Languages and Cultures
Master
Master of Philosophy
49
Ge, Tong. "Urbanization in post-reform China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580081.
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Zhao, Shouliang. "Mechanism, impact and policy of tourism-recreation mobility : study based on cities in Europe and China." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1188.
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Dans un contexte de compréhension du temps-espace, l'environnement habituel, celui qui est la conception clef dans la définition traditionnelle du tourisme, est très difficile à être défini. Néanmoins, les activités de tourisme et des loisirs dans le milieu urbain ont de relations proches, dans les deux aspects : celui de la demande et celui de l'offre. Par conséquent, dans une étude empirique, bien comme dans le cadre d'élaboration de politiques, il y a de nécessités d'intégration du tourisme et de l'étude du loisir dans un contexte urbain. La thèse essaie de construire un cadre conceptuel appelé de “la mobilité tourisme-loisir” basé sur la ville, ancré sur la discrimination de concepts dans les études de tourisme et des loisirs. Cette étude veut offrir quelques suggestions pour les villes chinoises en ayant comme référence l'expérience des pays européens. Trois questions seront discutées : quel est le mécanisme de la mobilité tourisme-loisir ? Quelles sortes d'impact peuvent avoir la mobilité tourisme-loisir sur la ville ? Et quelle réaction la ville devrait pendre en compte ? Le mécanisme de la mobilité tourisme-loisir est discuté en quatre aspects : de la demande, de l'offre, du modèle d'espace et des tendances de développement. La thèse conclue que la demande en mobilité tourisme-loisir va vite grandir en Chine. Les acteurs des voyages tourisme-loisir diffèrent sensiblement par trajet, ce qui devrait être la base des plans de transport touristique. En général, les villes chinoises devraient beau faire pour l'optimisation de l'offre des ressources du tourisme-loisir. La thèse analyse le modèle d'espace de la mobilité tourisme-loisir dans les niveaux de la région et de la ville. Les tendances de la mobilité tourisme-loisir dans une compréhension du contexte temps et espace ont été également étudiées. Le développement de la mobilité tourisme-loisir a un impact évident sur le milieu physique des villes. Le développement cause aussi une compétition intensive entre les villes d'une région de taille plus importante, ce qui fait croître des nouvelles demandes pour les villes. Pour remplir la demande des résidents locaux et des visiteurs, l'aménagement urbain devrait consacrer l'optimisation de la structure fonctionnelle urbaine, des espaces publics urbains, et du réseau de transport urbain. La promotion politique a incité le succès du tourisme urbain au sein des pays européens. Pourtant, plusieurs villes ont renforcé les politiques de régulation lorsque le tourisme a été développé à un certain niveau. Quelques politiques communes dans les villes européennes sont essentielles pour la prospérité du tourisme et du développement du loisir dans les villes chinoises. Pour faire face aux défis posés par le développement de la mobilité tourisme-loisir, la thèse présente quelques suggestions pour les villes chinoises, à partir de quatre aspects appelés de recherche en tourisme-loisir, la coordination du tourisme urbain et des institutions d'aménagement urbain, la politique urbaine et la formulation de la planification urbaine. Puisque la ville est de plus en plus partagée par les visiteurs et par les résidents locaux, l'aménagement urbain traditionnel devrait être ajusté, ce qui sert plutôt aux locaux. L'aménagement urbain devrait faire une ville favorable aux résidants et également aux visiteurs, de la politique de l'usage du sol aux services publics. En attendant, l'aménagement urbain devrait travailler pour construire une ville plus attractiveIn a time-space compression background, the usual environment, which is the key conception in traditional tourism definition, is much difficult to be defined. Meanwhile, the tourism and recreation activities in urban background have close relations, in both aspects of demand and supply. Therefore, in empirical study as well as in policy-making, there are necessities of integration of tourism and recreation study in the urban background. The dissertation tries to construct a conceptual framework called tourism-recreation mobility based on city, on the basis of discrimination of conceptions in tourism and recreation study. Meanwhile, this study wants to offer some suggestions for Chinese cities by referring to experience of European countries. There are three problems discussed: What is the mechanism of tourism-recreation mobility? What kinds of the impacts of tourism-recreation mobility on city? What should city do? The mechanism of tourism-recreation mobility is discussed from four aspects: demand, supply, and space pattern and development trends. The dissertation concludes that the demand of tourism-recreation mobility will increase fast in China. The characters of tourism/recreation trip differ substantially from commuting, which should be the basis of tourism transportation plan. Generally speaking, Chinese cities should devote much to the optimization of tourism-recreation resources supply. The dissertation analyzes the space pattern of tourism-recreation mobility from region and city levels. The trends of tourism-recreation mobility in time-space compression background have also been studied. The development of tourism-recreation mobility has obvious impact on physical environment of cities. The development also causes intensive competition between cities in a larger area, which rises new demand for cities. To fulfill the demand of both residents and visitors, urban planning should devote to the optimization of urban functional structure, urban public space and urban transportation system. Promotion policy induced the prosperity of urban tourism in European countries. On the other hand, many cities rise regulation policy when tourism developing to a certain stage. Some common policies in European cities are essential for the general prosperity of tourism and fine quality of resident's recreation, which could be reference for urban tourism and recreation development in Chinese cities. To face the challenges raised by the development of tourism-recreation mobility, the dissertation submits several suggestions for Chinese cities, from four aspects named as tourism-recreation research, coordination of urban tourism and urban planning institutions, urban policy and urban planning formulation. Since the city is more and more shared by visitors and residents, the traditional urban planning should be adjusted, which serves mainly for the residents. Urban planning should make city more favorable for both residents and visitors, from land-use to facilities. Meanwhile, urban planning should devote to build a more attractive city