Journal articles on the topic 'Cities and towns Victoria Growth'
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1
Jalali, Ali, Phillip B. Roös, Murray Herron, Paras Sidiqui, Beau Beza, and Emma Duncan. "Modelling Coastal Development and Environmental Impacts: A Case Study Across Two Regional Towns in Australia." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 17, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.170402.
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Globally there has been an increasing trend in urban growth with cities expanding rapidly, indicating a requirement for more sustainable development of cities to minimize human impacts on the environment. In Australia, urban development continues to target areas adjacent to the coastal capital and regional cities such as the Greater Geelong region in Victoria, experiencing the fastest rates of growth in the country in the last decade. This project demonstrates the ability of modelling techniques to model current and future directions in urban development across two adjacent coastal towns, Anglesea and Torquay, in Victoria. The analysis utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the CommunityViz decision support tool using a variety of assets, environmental and climatic data. The models indicated an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, energy usage and population growth, and the area was found to be highly vulnerable to the impacts of environmental changes including the potential loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and sea level rise. The modelling approach described here can aid planners and decision makers in the future coastal urban development as well as to mitigate climate change impacts.
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Leao, Simone, and Hisham Elkadi. "The Use of Public Transport in Coastal Australia: Modes of Travel to Work and Greenhouse Emissions." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 4034–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.4034.
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Commuting to work is one of the most important and regular routines of transportation in towns and cities. From a geographic perspective, the length of people’s commute is influenced, to some degree, by the spatial separation of their home and workplace and the transport infrastructure. The rise of car ownership in Australia from the 1950s to the present was accompanied by a considerable decrease of public transport use. Currently there is an average of 1.4 persons per car in Australia, and private cars are involved in approximately 90% of the trips, and public transportation in only 10%. Increased personal mobility has fuelled the trend of decentralised housing development, mostly without a clear planning for local employment, or alternative means of transportation. Transport sector accounts for 14% of Australia’s net greenhouse gas emissions. Without further policy action, Australia’s emissions are projected to continue to increase. The Australian Federal Government and the new Department of Climate Change have recently published a set of maps showing that rising seas would submerge large parts of Victoria coastal region. Such event would lead to major disruption in planned urban growth areas in the next 50 years with broad scale inundation of dwellings, facilities and road networks. The Greater Geelong Region has well established infrastructure as a major urban centre and tourist destination and hence attracted the attention of federal and state governments in their quest for further development and population growth. As a result of its natural beauty and ecological sensitivity, scenarios for growth in the region are currently under scrutiny from local government as well as development agencies, scientists, and planners. This paper is part of a broad research in the relationship between transportation system, urban form, trip demand, and emissions, as a paramount in addressing the challenges presented by urban growth. Progressing from previous work focused on private cars, this present paper investigates the use of public transport as a mode for commuting in the Greater Geelong Region. Using a GIS based interaction model, it characterises the current use of the existing public transportation system, and also builds a scenario of increased use of the existing public transportation system, estimating potencial reductions in CO2 emissions. This study provides an improved understanding of the extent to which choices of transport mode and travel activity patterns, affect emissions in the context of regional networks. The results indicate that emissions from commuting by public transportation are significantly lower than those from commuting by private car, and emphasise that there are opportunities for large abatment in the greenhouse emissions from the transportation sector related to efforts in increasing the use of existing public transportation system.
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Liu, Wei, Yao Tong, Jing Zhang, Zuopeng Ma, Guolei Zhou, and Yanjun Liu. "Hierarchical Correlates of the Shrinkage of Cities and Towns in Northeast China." Land 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 2208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122208.
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The growth and shrinkage of cities and towns are normal phenomena in the evolution of regional town systems. The growth and shrinkage of different levels of cities and towns are mutually influential. This study uses ArcGIS and the Hierarchical Linear Model to analyze the hierarchical differences and correlations in the characteristics and mechanisms of shrinking cities and towns in Northeast China from 2000 to 2020. The results indicate that the shrinkage of cities and towns is characterized by hierarchical differences. High-level cities show widespread and slight shrinkage, while low-level towns show the most severe and continued shrinkage. The population shrinkage of cities and towns within the same municipality is not fully synchronized. In terms of spatial patterns, the multi-level relationship between cities and towns is divided into growth-driven, central siphon, peripheral growth, local growth, and global shrinkage. The shrinkage of high-level cities is mainly influenced by economic and industrial development and built-up environment. The shrinkage of low-level towns is constrained by population concentration, economic development, enterprise scale, local arable land resources, and environmental quality. Wages, jobs, and infrastructures in high-level cities have a strong siphoning effect on low-level towns, while technology and industrial development drive the population and economic development of low-level towns.
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Gabe, Todd M. "Establishment Growth in Small Cities and Towns." International Regional Science Review 27, no. 2 (April 2004): 164–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017603262403.
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Miao, Siyu, Yang Xiao, and Ling Tang. "Urban Growth Simulation Based on a Multi-Dimension Classification of Growth Types: Implications for China’s Territory Spatial Planning." Land 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 2210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122210.
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One of the primary aims of China’s territory spatial planning is to control the urban sprawl of local municipals and prevent regional competition and the negative consequences on the environment—which emphasizes the top-down spatial regulation. Indeed, the traditional cellular automaton (CA) model still has limitations when applied to the whole administration area since it may ignore the differences among cities and towns. Thus, this paper proposed a CM-CA (clustering, multi-level logit regression, integrated with cellular automaton) framework to simulate urban growth boundaries for cities and towns simultaneously. The significant novelty of this framework is to integrate several urban growth modes for all cities and towns. We applied our approach to the city of Xi’an, China, and the results showed satisfactory simulation accuracy of a CM-CA model for multiple cities and towns, and the clusters’ effects contributed 74% of the land change variance. Our study provides technical support for urban growth boundary delineation in China’s spatial planning.
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J. Gwaleba, Method. "Urban Growth in Tanzania: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Management." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 12 (November 20, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i12.3783.
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Tanzania cities and towns are rapidly urbanizing. This urbanization is manifest of rural-to-urban migration as well as natural population increase. The perceived lack of opportunities in rural areas has been identified as the main push factors for Tanzanians to move from rural areas to urban cities and towns. Urban management practice will increasingly need to account for direct and indirect impacts of urban growth in Tanzania cities and towns. The objective of this paper is to pinpoint the challenges and opportunities of the urban growth in cities and towns in Tanzania.The discussion of this paper is mainly based on critical review of the literature and original data derived from Baruti settlement in Dar es Salaam City. The review of the documents whether published or not published depended on its status to provide a critical analysis of urban growth challenges and opportunities in Tanzania. The Primary data were gathered using 79 using semi-structured interviews with both open and closed ended questions. The questionnaires were administered by the researcher through face-to-face sessions with the respondents. A purposive sampling technique was adopted in this study. The reason for selecting the purposive sampling technique was based on the respondents’ involvement in urban development project. The quantitative data collected through the use of questionnaire to supplement qualitative data were summarized and organized by using spread sheet template for detailed analysis. The critical qualitative analysis was built on both the secondary and primary data sources to addresses the research questions. A descriptive technique for data analysis was adopted where findings were represented in tables, graphs and texts.While unperfected urbanization surpass the way inhabitants interact and live in cities and towns, urban management addresses the social, economical and environmental challenges that emerge with the continued urbanization in Tanzania cities and towns such that human activities could be more socially liable, economically sound and environmentally friendly over a long period of time in the future.
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Manaeva, Inna, Alexandra Kanishcheva, and Anna Tkacheva. "Determinants of City Growth in Russia." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 4 (December 2020): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2020.4.4.
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Today in Russia there are 1120 cities that are located in the territories with varying degrees of concentration. In the federal districts and regions of the Russian Federation, there is a wide disparity not only in the size of cities, but also in their growth rates. At a decrease in the population in small cities, there is an increase in big towns and cities with more than one million inhabitants. This trend shows the “attraction” of the population from regions into capital cities. The aim of the article is to assess the effects of factors that can influence the growth of a city in the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the analysis of the influence of external (infrastructure, security) and internal (economic, social, infrastructure, human capital, environmental situation) factors on the growth of cities. The paper presents a system of factor indicators of urban growth. Cities of different sizes have different levels of life standard, and therefore author’s methodology was tested in terms of urban sizes: towns, medium-sized cities, large cities, million-plus cities. The significant factors in the growth of millionplus cities in the Russian Federation are the initial population size and average monthly wages. The growth in the population of large cities is negatively affected by the spatial concentration of industrial enterprises. A high level of average monthly wages contributes to an increase in the population of this type of cities. A significant positive impact on the growth of large cities depends on the concentration of mining industry, volume of investments in fixed assets, number of doctors. The concentration of mining industrial production has a positive effect on the basic growth rate of medium-sized cities. The concentration of manufacturing and the volume of investment in fixed assets have a significant positive effect on the growth of small towns. The practical significance of the obtained results consists in the possibility of creation of a methodological toolkit for the assessment of urban systems of the region, which can become the basis for the development of an algorithm for the strategic planning of the spatial development of cities in the Russian Federation.
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Guaralda, Mirko, Greg Hearn, Marcus Foth, Tan Yigitcanlar, Severine Mayere, and Lisa Law. "Towards Australian Regional Turnaround: Insights into Sustainably Accommodating Post-Pandemic Urban Growth in Regional Towns and Cities." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 10492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410492.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has made many urban policymakers, planners, and scholars, all around the globe, rethink conventional, neoliberal growth strategies of cities. The trend of rapid urbanization, particularly around capital cities, has been questioned, and alternative growth models and locations have been the subjects of countless discussions. This is particularly the case for the Australian context: The COVID-19 pandemic heightened the debates in urban circles on post-pandemic urban growth strategies and boosting the growth of towns and cities across regional Australia is a popular alternative strategy. While some scholars argue that regional Australia poses an invaluable opportunity for post-pandemic growth by ‘taking off the pressure from the capital cities’; others warn us about the risks of growing regional towns and cities without carefully designed national, regional, and local planning, design, and development strategies. Superimposing planning and development policies meant for metropolitan cities could simply result in transferring the ills of capital cities to regions and exacerbate unsustainable development and heightened socioeconomic inequalities. This opinion piece, by keeping both of these perspectives in mind, explores approaches to regional community and economic development of Australia’s towns and cities, along with identifying sustainable urban growth locations in the post-pandemic era. It also offers new insights that could help re-shape the policy debate on regional growth and development.
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Chendrayudu, N., and T. Chandrasekarayya. "TREND AND GROWTH PATTERN OF POPULATION IN MILLION PLUS CITIES OF INDIA-AN OVERVIEW." Geo Eye 9, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ge.v9i1.3.
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Urbanization can also be defined as the rapid and massive growth of urban population and migration to towns/large cities. Urbanization is the process where an increasing percentage of a population lives in cities and suburbs. This process is often linked to industrialization and modernization, as large numbers of people leave agriculture work and live in cities. Urbanization is also facilitated by improvements in surplus agriculture, as cities are always dependent upon external farming for food. The larger cities have attracted a significant proportion of migrants in their population as respect their status. The present paper examines Trend and growth pattern of population in million plus cities of India based on census data during 1901-2011. The findings show that the urban population uneven and huge portion of population inhabited in major cities. Keywords: Population; Urbanisation; Urban Agglomeration; Growth; Towns and Million pus cities
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Adams, Jessie, Susan Brumby, Kate Kloot, Tim Baker, and Mohammadreza Mohebbi. "High-Heat Days and Presentations to Emergency Departments in Regional Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042131.
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Heat kills more Australians than any other natural disaster. Previous Australian research has identified increases in Emergency Department presentations in capital cities; however, little research has examined the effects of heat in rural/regional locations. This retrospective cohort study aimed to determine if Emergency Department (ED) presentations across the south-west region of Victoria, Australia, increased on high-heat days (1 February 2017 to 31 January 2020) using the Rural Acute Hospital Data Register (RAHDaR). The study also explored differences in presentations between farming towns and non-farming towns. High-heat days were defined as days over the 95th temperature percentile. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) codes associated with heat-related illness were identified from previous studies. As the region has a large agricultural sector, a framework was developed to identify towns estimated to have 70% or more of the population involved in farming. Overall, there were 61,631 presentations from individuals residing in the nine Local Government Areas. Of these presentations, 3064 (5.0%) were on days of high-heat, and 58,567 (95.0%) were of days of non-high-heat. Unlike previous metropolitan studies, ED presentations in rural south-west Victoria decrease on high-heat days. This decrease was more prominent in the farming cohort; a potential explanation for this may be behavioural adaption.
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Subramanyam, Nidhi. "A small improvement: small cities lag in expanding household water coverage across urban India." Water Policy 22, no. 3 (April 21, 2020): 468–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.116.
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Abstract This paper investigates how progress towards meeting the sustainable development goal of providing universal and equitable access to drinking water for all is distributed across the spectrum of urban settlements. The study measures how urban local governments (N = 3,547) in a rapidly urbanizing country, India, have increased their coverage of water supply to households between 2001 and 2011. I use theories on multilevel governance of urban services to develop a multilevel linear regression to model the city- and state-level factors associated with growth in water supply coverage. The results show that 68% of cities and towns have recorded water coverage growth, but the extent of this progress is unequally distributed across cities in different states and between cities of different sizes. Small cities and towns, which house over two-thirds of India's urban population, have recorded significantly lower water coverage growth rates as have cities in low-income states. These findings suggest that policies for urban water infrastructure development should focus on smaller cities and towns if we are to achieve spatial equity in access to water for all in an increasingly urban world.
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Clegg, Lewis. "Chocolate and Paradise." General: Brock University Undergraduate Journal of History 5 (April 11, 2020): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/tg.v5i1.2361.
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The Cadbury family had quite the legacy on British culture and society through their successful chocolate company and model Victorian Bournville village. This village was adopted by the Cadbury family after the growth of their chocolate company and sought to provide working-class employees with a better life in the countryside than the increasingly "overcrowded and dirty" Victorian cities. This paper aimed to challenge the largely accepted notion that the model town of Bournville was a shining example of Victorian excellence equipped with adequate housing, outdoor spaces, and progressive living and working conditions. Bournville, England certainly contained many great opportunities for working-class Englishmen and George Cadbury had largely good intentions. However, upon further critical analysis, the accepted history of the site needs to be reconsidered and the village may not be as great as it seems on the surface.
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Mardiansjah, Fadjar Hari, Agung Sugiri, and Samsul Ma’rif. "Urban region formation of small cities and the growth of urban settlements in peripheries: the case of Tegal and Pekalongan urban regions in Central Java, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1082, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1082/1/012012.
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Abstract The expansion of urban areas has become spatial feature in the urbanization process of cities in Indonesia. As the most densely populated island in the world, Java has experienced such formation in both large and smaller cities. In most cases of expanded urban formations of small cities in Java, the formation has also created growing towns or urban settlements in the peripheries. Using the cases of the expanded urbanization process occurring in Tegal City and Pekalongan City, two smaller cities of Java whose urban areas have expanded into the territory of surrounding regency (regencies or non-urban districts), this paper aims to elaborate on an understanding of the extent of which the growth of urban settlements in peripheries in the expansion process of small cities. The research, which uses the territory of subdistricts to delineate the towns, tries to find how the spatial process affects the formation of urban regions as well as the towns in the peripheries. The analysis on villages’ transformation in peripheries was implemented by showing the spatial evolution of population density in the regions. Next, the development of towns in peripheries was analyzed to show the influence of such an urbanization process on the formation of towns in the peripheries of small or medium cities in Java. Time series and comparison analysis are employed to develop an understanding of how urbanization affects spatial formation in peripheries. The results show that the urbanization process of small cities needs to be managed in integrated manner so then the urbanization and peri-urbanization processes can be directed to produce better formation of the urban region.
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Terfa, Berhanu Keno, Nengcheng Chen, Xiang Zhang, and Dev Niyogi. "Urbanization in Small Cities and Their Significant Implications on Landscape Structures: The Case in Ethiopia." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031235.
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Fundamental ideas concerning urbanization are primarily based on studies performed in large cities. It is of interest to study whether or not similar phenomena take place in smaller cities. Small cities are an inherent component of urbanization, and in the future, the majority of globalization is expected to occur in small and mid-sized cities. Understanding the effects of small cities on landscape structures is, therefore, an essential component in planning city land expansion. Accordingly, this study focused on six towns of the Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinnee, Ethiopia, which is broadly known to be experiencing dramatic growth. Time-series Landsat images from 1987 to 2019 with an integrated method, landscape metrics, and built-up density analysis were employed to characterize and compare the dynamics of landscape structures, urban expansion patterns, process, and overall growth status in the towns. The results highlight that all the towns experienced accelerated growth in the built-up areas and highly scattered nature in spatial growth. Landscape ecology analysis confirmed a highly fragmented urban landscape, a significant loss of natural land covers, and disconnected and complicated agro-vegetation patches in all towns, suggesting a lack of rigorous implementation of the master plan. Results also indicated that the Oromia Special Zone surrounding Finfinnee has failed to control urban sprawl to surrounding ecological sensitive areas. The study results, more broadly, highlight that the small cities would have a limited physical and demographic footprint and relatively less contribution to the national economic agglomeration; nonetheless, they can have a notable and important impact in terms of their ecological and environmental influence. Hence, the study suggests policies for monitoring such dynamics and protecting agro-environmental connectivity with particular focus on the small cities.
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Antonova, Irina S., Evgeny A. Pchelintsev, and Svetlana N. Popova. "Spatial clustering of single-industry towns and a dynamic model of economic growth." Tyumen State University Herald. Social, Economic, and Law Research 5, no. 4 (2019): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-7897-2019-5-4-138-154.
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This article studies the problems of economic growth and spatial development of regions with a high concentration of single-industry towns. The authors aim to identify the factors of development of single-industry towns at the microeconomic level on the basis of clustering and dynamic modeling of single-industry towns in three regions with the highest concentration — Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk, and Chelyabinsk Regions. This paper performs the clustering of single-industry towns by entropy indicators and the number of newly created enterprises, which allows distinguishing three “central” single-industry towns in each of the respective regions: Novokuznetsk, Nizhniy Tagil, and Magnitogorsk. The clustering of single-industry towns with the use of the population-normalized index of the number of newly created enterprises allows us to refer these cities to two different clusters: Novokuznetsk against Nizhniy Tagil and Magnitogorsk with different parameters dominating. The correlation analysis of aggregate revenue, fixed assets, the share of the single industry, the entropy of revenue, the number of newly created enterprises of three single-industry towns allows suggesting a dynamic regression model. The peculiarity of this model is the inclusion as a variable of the number of the newly created enterprises in Nizhniy Tagil for all the cities under consideration, as well as the inclusion of a dummy variable reflecting the year of introduction of the program for the development of single-industry towns. Using the bootstrap method for Novokuznetsk, the authors have confirmed the significance of the introduction of this variable. The results of the study have revealed both common patterns of regional development — the positive effect of reducing the share of monaurally and monocentric provision of single-industry towns in the regions for economic growth — and their differences — a contradictory effect of diversity in the central towns, as well as the assignment of Novokuznetsk and Nizhniy Tagil with Magnitogorsk from different clusters. In conclusion, the authors justify the early completion of the program of diversification of single-industry towns, designed to be ineffective in 2019.
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Parysek, Jerzy J. "The socio-economic and spatial transformation of Polish cities after 1989." Dela, no. 21 (December 1, 2004): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.21.109-119.
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The aim of this paper is to present the socio-economic and spatial transformation of Polish cities after 1989. The Polish changes reached the structures of the three basic subsystems of the state: political (power), social (society), and economic (the economy). The systemic transformation that has taken place in Poland after 1989 is most readily visible in towns, although it was introduced in the country as a whole. For the development and transforma-tion of towns, the most important were the introduction of local government structures and the market model of the economy. The restitution of local government has ensured towns an authentic manager authorised to perform his function by the local community. The in-troduction of the market model to the economy has resulted in its privatisation and the ap-pearance of enterprise and competition. Towns, especially the biggest cities, have become attractive locations for investment. Cities with a balanced economic structure and well-de-veloped infrastructure had much better chances for growth to start with. Unfortunately, the transformation period has also had some detrimental effects, the most important being un-employment and all kinds of social deviance. However, Polish cities are certainly different today and resemble Western cities to a greater extent than did the so-called socialist towns built along theoretically beautiful but practically ineffectual ideological lines.
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Yang, Yang, Chunlu Liu, Baizhen Li, and Jilong Zhao. "Modelling and Forecast of Future Growth for Shandong’s Small Industrial Towns: A Scenario-Based Interactive Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 16823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416823.
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The industrial small-town development process in Shandong is influenced by the urban agglomeration strategy and the regional collaborative production, thereby resulting in a challenge of growth boundary planning. How to build a growth forecast decision support system to help small industrial towns maintain sustainable development with limited trial and error costs is an essential topic in the current research of small town-related fields. Empirical analysis reveals that the growth factors of small towns differ from the factors of cities due to the other-organization planning management system and self-organization construction activities that coexist in small towns. Besides, due to the size of small towns, the impact of policy changes in small towns is more significant than in cities. Furthermore, as part of the regional production chain, small industrial towns are most vulnerable to uncertain external disturbances. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate different development scenarios according to possible disturbances and output corresponding development forecasts. The research aims to build a decision-making support system for Shandong’s small-town planning based on an urban modeling approach using geographic information technology and scenario planning. Considering the mutually driving effects of the objective environment and subjective policies of Shandong’s industrial towns, as well as the corresponding dynamic mechanisms and comparing the theoretical basis and limitations of the different modeling approaches, this essay constructs a model system based on a mathematical model and a system dynamics model. It is also an interactive model accompanied by applicable rules and factors so that initial information and relevant development goals can be inputted into the model system to simulate the influence of different policies and identify the small industrial town growth scenarios.
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Guin, Debarshi. "Urban Transition in West Bengal, India." Journal of Asian and African Studies 52, no. 8 (August 28, 2016): 1258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909616649211.
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Contemporary urbanization in India is in transition and this, along with the continuation of a ‘top heavy’ urban structure and gradual deindustrialization, is characterized by faster growth of informal employment, a declining trend of urban-ward migration of males, the slow down in the growth of cities and towns and the emergence of new urban centres. Given this immediate backdrop, this paper examines the contemporary processes and emerging forms of urban transition in West Bengal, with its longstanding history of ‘mono-centric’ urbanization. It reveals that urbanization in the state is no longer confined to a few pockets, as many new urban centres have emerged away from them and small towns are growing at relatively faster rates compared to the cities. But the underlying factors of this transition are not associated with the dispersal of economic activities and employment opportunities away from the metropolises. Furthermore, the study is sceptical about the significance of this emerging form of urbanization fuelled by the growth of small cities and towns which have a weak economic base, a crisis of urban governance and inadequate access to basic amenities.
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Manaeva, I. V. "Conditions and factors of dynamic development of the towns and cities of Russia: empirical analysis." Russian Journal of Industrial Economics 15, no. 4 (January 2, 2023): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2072-1633-2022-4-453-465.
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The present system of towns of Russia is of hierarchical structure: millionaire cities, big cities, cities, towns and small towns. The living standards and quality of life in the towns of different sizes have significant differences, the most critical of which are the accessibility of education, high healthcare technology and employment of the population. The study of the conditions and factors of the industrial development of the cities encourages making more efficient managerial decisions, which determines the topicality and the novelty of the work. The methodological basis of the study is presented by the author’s economic and statistics model where the resulting indicator is the volume of shipped products per capita in the city as the main criterion of the economic growth. The analyzed factor indicators include the volume of the investment in the main capital per capita, the average number of employees of organizations, income of local budget per capita, the proportion of illuminated parts of city streets. The method has been tested on the towns and cities of the Central Federal District within the period of 2001–2020. The empirical results obtained in the modelling process lead to the conclusion that the main factors of towns’ industrial development are the volume of the investment in the main capital (one per cent increase will facilitate the growth of the volume of shipped products by 0.5%) and the income into the local budget (one per cent increase will facilitate the growth of the volume of shipped products by 1.2%). Dynamic development of a town or a city is ensured by a system of interrelated conditions and factors as well as by favorable natural and geographical conditions: good climate and resource base determining the economic vector of the area. In case of lack of natural potential it is essential to create conditions for the implementation of social-oriented programs, modernization of the infrastructure, support of middle and small businesses, etc. Such conditions will ensure attractive climate for investment, which will act as a driver for migration of well qualified experts and further economic growth. Practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of use of the results by the researchers who deal with the issues of town and regional development as well as by the regional and municipal authorities.
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Sahoo, Dipsikha. "Creating the Urban Corridors: The Role of Colonial Railways in India." Sociological Bulletin 69, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920923207.
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This article argues that the pattern of urbanization in India has kept pace with the growth of railways during the British period. The colonial railways transformed India’s circulatory regime, which resulted in the emergence of social space. Towns and cities in the hinterlands of the port cities under the railways network became more urbanised. Railways, as a biggest British capitalist manoeuvre, helped in the process of industrialization and growth of trade and commerce. Some towns and cities grew up as major railway stations, terminals or junctions, divisional and zonal headquarters during the British period. The growth of railways is demonstrated in relation to the expansion in transportation of goods, passengers and employment opportunities generated. The article discerns the pattern of railway transportation and infrastructural development, which will help us to comprehend as one of the forces underlying the pattern of urbanisation in India during the British rule.
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Rubtsov, Gennadiy, and Aleksandr Litvinenko. "Development of single-industry towns as a factor of economic and regional growth." E3S Web of Conferences 208 (2020): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020808005.
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Single-industry towns occupy a special place in the system of regional economic development of Russia. To date, domestic practice has accumulated significant experience in the management of mono-profile areas. In fact, its own model of mono-education management, which includes an individual set of tools for socio-economic impact, has been developed. The institute of development of single-industry towns was formed into a complete system of tested mechanisms and organizational forms of their implementation. The basic directions of support of monoprofile territories are defined, the bodies of development of single-industry towns are created, the complex programs of development of monoformations are tested and adjusted. The process of development of mono-territories has passed to the “post-institutional” stage, when the system of institutions for single-industry towns management (Single-Industry Towns Development Fund), tested in practice, has been subjected to scientific and public criticism, and to date is able to effectively generate a qualitatively different level of influence on the socio-economic situation of cities of the mono-profile type.
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Siddiqui, Saniya, Mohammad Nadeem Akhtar, Jamal K. Nejem, and Mastour Saud Alnoumasi. "Evaluating Public Services Delivery on Promoting Inclusive Growth for Inhabitants of Industrial Cities in Developing Countries." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 208–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091648.
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It has been debated that effective essential public services delivery is crucial to inculcate inclusive growth in cities over the past decades. Cities continue to be central to the debate; however, the current study focuses on industrial towns. As industrial towns' development around cities attract investment and promote economic growth, the present research studies the impact of essential public services delivery on promoting inclusive growth for inhabitants of industrial towns in developing countries. Human Capabilities Dimension Approach and its parameters (Social and Physical Infrastructure) have been employed to explore the role of basic amenities in transferring growth levels across all population sections. The idea explored is studied through Mandideep Industrial Town's case study, where six parameters (Physical and socioeconomic status, water supply, sanitation, health care facilities, education facilities), and perceived inclusive growth have been considered for data collection and analysis. Indicators under each parameter are analyzed based on the 4A's-Availability, Accessibility, Awareness, and Affordability. Site selection revolved around a city reconnaissance survey and Household survey for 200 households. Aggregated analysis for the city and ward-wise comparative analysis and statistical correlation tools were used to establish a relationship between basic public services delivery and perceived inclusive growth. The research aims to study and establish a correlation between public service delivery and perceived inclusive growth by the industrial town's inhabitants. Discussions following data analysis led to recommendations for city and ward-level. The importance of efficient service delivery for increased perception of inclusive growth is established. Along with the six parameters considered for the study, physical and environmental planning emerge as crucial parameters that impact other public services for enhanced inclusive growth in industrial cities. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091648 Full Text: PDF
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Mardiansjah, Fadjar Hari, Agung Sugiri, and Samsul Ma'rif. "Examining Small-Town Growth and Expansion in Peri-urban Areas of Small Cities: Evidence from Peripheries of Three Small Cities in Central Java." Journal of Regional and City Planning 32, no. 3 (December 17, 2021): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2021.32.3.2.
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Urbanization in small and medium-sized cities in Java is marked by an urban expansion process to the surrounding areas, forming the growing small towns in their peripheries. Using the case of the extended urban areas of Tegal, Pekalongan and Magelang in Central Java, this study examined small-town growth and development in peri-urban areas of small and medium cities. It first looked at the growth of small towns in the peri-urban areas of these small cities and then identified various factors and mechanisms that contribute to the formation, growth and expansion of small towns. The study further looked into the challenges and implications of the trend toward policies for managing such processes more sustainably. The growth of urbanized villages in some kabupatens (non-urban districts or regencies) surrounding these small cities, as documented by the national statistical board from 1990 to 2017, was used as the basis for analyzing these factors. This paper concludes with a discussion on the challenges and policy implications for growing small towns. The findings of this study can be useful for formulating a better approach to managing urbanization processes in the future. Abstrak. Urbanisasi kota-kota kecil dan menengah di Jawa ditandai dengan proses perluasan kota ke wilayah sekitarnya, membentuk kota-kota kecil yang berkembang di pinggirannya. Dengan menggunakan kasus perluasan wilayah Tegal, Pekalongan dan Magelang di Jawa Tengah, penelitian ini mengkaji pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kota kecil di wilayah pinggiran kota kecil dan menengah. Ini pertama-tama melihat pertumbuhan kota-kota kecil di daerah pinggiran kota-kota kecil ini dan kemudian mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor dan mekanisme yang berkontribusi pada pembentukan, pertumbuhan, dan perluasan kota-kota kecil. Studi ini lebih jauh melihat tantangan dan implikasi dari tren terhadap kebijakan untuk mengelola proses tersebut secara lebih berkelanjutan. Pertumbuhan desa urban di beberapa kabupaten (kabupaten atau kabupaten non-urban) di sekitar kota-kota kecil tersebut, sebagaimana didokumentasikan oleh BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik) dari tahun 1990 hingga 2017, digunakan sebagai dasar untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor tersebut. Makalah ini diakhiri dengan diskusi tentang tantangan dan implikasi kebijakan untuk pertumbuhan kota-kota kecil. Temuan studi ini dapat berguna untuk merumuskan pendekatan yang lebih baik untuk mengelola proses urbanisasi di masa depan. Kata kunci. Jawa Tengah, kota kecil, urbanisasi, ekspansi kota.
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Mookherjee, Debnath. "Cities in transition: monitoring growth trends in Delhi urban agglomeration 1991-2001." Dela, no. 21 (December 1, 2004): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.21.195-203.
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An analysis based on census data for the decade 1991-2001 indicates change in the urban structure of the Delhi Urban Agglomeration, India. The number and rate of growth of cen-sus towns and the urban core are examined. The pattern shows emerging traits of urban spread and provides an investigative framework for future research.
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Diaz, Daniel, and Paul Green Gary. "Fiscal Stress and Growth Management Effort in Wisconsin Cities, Villages, and Towns." State and Local Government Review 33, no. 1 (April 2001): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160323x0103300101.
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Mitra, Arup, and Sabyasachi Tripathi. "Rural Non-farm Sector: Revisiting the Census Towns." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 12, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425321990324.
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The last decade (2001–2011) has witnessed a surge in the number of census towns (CTs) in India, which account for 30% of the country’s urban growth. Though several studies have tried to understand the spatial patterns and factors determining the emergence of these CTs, the all India level has been neglected. Due to an increase in non-farm activities, villages have been transformed into CTs. By considering 2,328 CTs at the all India level, this article investigates the relevant economic determinants of such transformation. To group similar CTs we use cluster analysis by considering several factors such as the size of the population of CTs, rural specific changes, climatic conditions, the growth dynamics of large cities which may spill over to rural hinterland, economic potential, the availability of infrastructures and job opportunities. The analysis suggests that the availability of infrastructure and the growth dynamics of the large cities are important for the emergence of these CTs, whereas rural poverty and unemployment rates do not seem to matter significantly. Finally, we suggest that for higher economic development, the rural to urban transformation is essential. For this purpose, the new CTs can offer an opportunity for increasing non-farm activities and the overall prospects for India. Hence, the policy directives will have to address the requirements of the CTs to emerge as centres of growth.
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Balash, O. S. "Spatial Analysis of Growth Rates of Cities Russia." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law 13, no. 2 (2013): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2013-13-2-186-191.
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Purpose. We discuss the theoretical principles of the Zipf law for the distribution of cities. Empirical results. The results of the econometric analysis of the empirical Zipf's law on Russian census data for 1897 and 2010. As well as the results of the econometric analysis of the Zipf law separately for medium and large towns and cities and industrial communities with populations of less than 45,000 people. Results. Explores the idea of the Zipf law through the implementation of the law Gibrat. Analyzes the logarithms of the growth of urban growth of cities in Russia. The hypothesis tested in accordance with the rate of urban growth in their territorial connection. Ranked Moran's spatial autocorrelation coefficient on the growth rate of any city in Russia. Calculate the spatial autoregression Moran for twenty large Russian cities. In addition, to visualize the results of research are constructed spatial Moran scatterplot of the logarithms growth rates of Russian cities. Conclusion. Empirical studies have confirmed the distribution of Russian cities by the ratio of their rank and size, and spatial clustering of Russian cities in the rate of population growth.
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Anwar, Nausheen H. "THINKING BEYOND 'ENGINES OF GROWTH':RE-CONCEPTUALIZATION URBAN PLANNING DISCOURSE IN PAKISTAN." Journal of Research in Architecture and Planning 15, no. 2 (December 25, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53700/jrap1522013_1.
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Ring towns, twin-cities, city regions, peri-urban, intermediate cities and more, the vast nomenclature captures the unrelenting interest in secondary cities as 'engines of growth', capable of surmounting the challenges of urbanization in Pakistan. This conceptually-driven article examines the bourgeoning interest in secondary cities and proposes alternate ways of thinking about such conurbations. It underscores the need to go beyond technocratic discourse and capitalist assumptions of infinite growth and modernization as conventionally applied in regional and urban planning discourse in Pakistan. The article calls for re-orienting planning discourse in Pakistan to incorporate tile substantive theme of 'urbanism', which is crucial for comprehending how citizens experience urban life across a diverse and shifting landscape, where the city fades into the countryside, or where 'urban sprawl' and 'ribbon developments' defy categorization.
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Hu, Di. "Identification of Shrinking Cities on the Main Island of Taiwan Based on Census Data and Population Registers: A Spatial Analysis." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100694.
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At the end of the 20th century, the phenomenon of urban shrinkage received widespread attention, with population decline as its core characteristic. In 2020, the Taiwanese population had negative growth and faced a low fertility rate and an aging population. This study used exploratory spatial data analysis to identify shrinking cities in Taiwan based on census data and population registers. The results indicated that Taiwan has 11 shrinking counties and 202 shrinking towns. Urban shrinkage occurred in the 1980s and continued from the suburbanization stage to the re-urbanization stage. Five types of spatial patterns in the 11 shrinking counties were observed. In the majority of the shrinking counties, towns with high population densities were unable to avoid shrinkage. A global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that shrinkage and non-shrinkage have become increasingly apparent at the town level since 2005. A local spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates that the spatial clustering of towns with population growth or decline from 2000 to 2020 has changed. Based on each town’s development, a two-step cluster analysis was conducted in which all towns were divided into four categories. Shrinking towns exist in each category, but with a different proportion. Based on the results of two-step cluster analysis combined with spatial analysis, this study discovered that both urbanization and suburbanization cause shrinkage in Taiwan, but the affected localities are distinct. For most shrinking counties, their spatial model indicates a relationship between shrinking and the urbanization of their towns. Keelung City and Chiayi City have the most potential to reverse the shrinkage. This study helps authorities better manage growth and implement regional revitalization.
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Rahul, Rahul. "Growth of Urban Centres in a Hill State: A Case of Himachal Pradesh." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2022.v10i10.001.
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An increase in the number of people living in towns and cities is referred to as urban expansion. It is the result of population concentration in reaction to the availability of a wide range of amenities and services in the city center. Himachal Pradesh, as India's least urbanized state, experienced a significant increase in the number of urban settlements between 1951 and 2011. Understanding the stages of urban development in a country/state can be aided by studying urban growth by size class of towns. As a result, the current paper is a modest attempt to look into Himachal Pradesh's urban growth by size class from 1951. It is based on data of the Census of India from 1951 to 2011. Himachal Pradesh's urban population increased by 4.5 times, from 1.53 lakh in 1951 to 6.88 lakh in 2011. The creation of new towns, which increased the overall number of towns to 59 in 2011 from 29 in 1901, is responsible for a substantial portion of the rise in urban population. The state's urbanization statistics suggest that the state's urban population is growing at a relatively slow pace. The prevalence of smaller towns can be seen in the structure pattern. The state has only one class I town, Shimla. Shimla's primacy among Himachal Pradesh's towns may be seen in the fact that the city accounts for approximately one fifth of the state's total urban population during the research period. In the districts of Kinnaur and Lahul Spiti, there are no towns; these districts are void of any urban population.
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Kovalenko, Vladimir V., and Lidiya A. Davydova. "Tourism as one of the Directions of Socio-Economic Development of Small Cities in Russia." Scientific Research of Faculty of Economics. Electronic Journal 10, no. 3 (September 28, 2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/2078-3809-2018-10-3-38-45.
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Socio-economic problems of small cities is a multi-factor phenomenon. One of the problems of small towns is the insufficient use of local resources, both natural and man-made. Possible points of growth of the socioeconomic situation of small cities is the development of various types of tourism with the attraction of unique tourist resources. One of the examples of the organization of tourism in some small cities can be medical tourism and its sanatorium-resort direction.
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Ransubhe, Srikant A. "Integrated Town Development Plan: Kurduwadi." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37516.
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The nature and economic development of Indian urbanization is characterized by metropolitan domination and polarization. The country's total population increased from 361 million in 1951 to 1,027 million in 2001, while the urban population increased from 62 million to 285 million during the same period. From 23 megacities in 1991 to 35 in 2001, the number has increased considerably. Therefore, it is clear that there is a clear movement towards large cities, possibly as a result of a lack of employment opportunities in small and medium cities and a deficient urban infrastructure. In 1979, the centrally supported scheme for the integrated development of small and medium cities (IDSMT) began and continued through 2004-05 and was incorporated into the UIDSSMT scheme in December 2005. It is important to invest in the development of small urban centers in order to reduce migration to large cities as well as to support the growth of surrounding rural areas. Small and medium towns are generally viewed as a means of balancing urban hierarchy and reducing pressure on primate cities, moderate spatial inequality, and foster factors that may assist in reversing the trend. Kurduwadi city is one of them, such as improper or uncertain use of available land, rising unemployment and migration to cities, unsatisfactory development plans to improve urban development. In this context, through integrated planning, efforts have been measured to obtain the resources needed to achieve each goal and improve strategy. Also by allowing institutions to plan and collaborate in departments, they can create efficiency and pursue new opportunities and help reduce migration to nearby large and metropolitan cities by strengthening the Kurduwadi towns as regional growth centers. Establishing complementary links between nearby villages, towns and cities will create a harmonious settlement pattern. An integrated development plan for the Kurduwadi town reduces some of the ideological concerns and working uncertainties emerging around this initiative through this study. The assessment of integrated town development may be appropriate to determine the future orientation and guidelines for Kurduwadi town.
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Prihatin, Rohani Budi. "ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN DI PERKOTAAN (STUDI KASUS DI KOTA BANDUNG DAN YOGYAKARTA)." Jurnal Aspirasi 6, no. 2 (September 19, 2016): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/aspirasi.v6i2.507.
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Over the past four decades the cities and towns of Indonesia have experienced dramatic population growth. Population growth makes crisis in land use and agriculture that could undermine the health, security, and sustainability of those cities. The purpose of this study is to determine the land use patterns and its changes over time in Bandung City and Yogyakarta City. The research has been done in 2014, by using qualitative method. By considering urbanization and demographic aspect, this study concludes that decision maker in those cities are inconsistent in implementing Regional Development and Spatial Planning. Generally, local city tempted to allocate land use for housing and real estate for short term reasons.
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Dahal, Kedar, and Krishna Prasad Timalsina. "New Towns Development: A Wave of the Future Planning Practices in Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 31, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2017): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v31i1-2.25346.
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Increasing urbanization has been a major challenge to tackle issues relating to population growth, housing, infrastructure development and urban management in Nepal. Initiatives have been taking by the stakeholders of urban sectors in different course of action plans. New town development, smart city development, preparation and implementation of various strategic plans and action plans are some of the initiatives undertaken by the Ministry of Urban Development, Government of Nepal. At present, the Ministry of Urban Development is preparing intervening plans and programmes to 40 towns for planned urban development in Nepal. Some of these towns are already in pace of development and some others are in infancy stages. Balance urban development strategy so far is a strategy of government of Nepal however theory of political economy of development is inherently coming in selection of the towns, and basically in implementing the plans. Therefore, most of the prepared action plans are in question of effective implementation. Among the prioritized new towns of Nepal, some of these towns particularly smart cities are in very infancy stages of infrastructure development in which ‘smartness’ itself falls into huge dilemma. Therefore, more challenges are added in implementing the smart cities into action plan. However, new towns of Hilly and Tarai-Madhesh area will definitely provide the opportunities to cater population and create more opportunities. In this context, this study focus on the new town development and their spatial distribution in Nepal through the collection of primary information and review of previous literature.
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Шерешева, Марина, Marina Sheresheva, Игорь САВЕЛЬЕВ, Igor SAVELIYEV, Матвей Оборин, and Matvey Oborin. "SYNERGY OF ACTIVE AND EDUCATIONAL TOURISM: OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL RUSSIAN CITIES." Service & Tourism: Current Challenges 11, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22412/1995-0411-2017-11-3-71-83.
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The article explores the prospects for combining benefits of active and educational tourism with the aim to create an attractive tourism product, especially for young people. The example of Vladimir region and Perm Krai shows that the synergy of active and educational tourism makes it possible to open new opportunities for the development of small Russian cities. It is concluded that inclusion of educational programs with elements of active tourism in regional event calendars allows ensuring a steady and more evenly distributed tourist flow to regions, and also contributes to the growth of youth’s interest in Russian small towns as tourist destinations and places for living. The research was supported financially by Russian Science Foundation (project № 17-18-01324) «Sustainable economic development of territories on the basis of network interaction of small towns and regional centers».
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Pannell, Clifton W. "China's Continuing Urban Transition." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 34, no. 9 (September 2002): 1571–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a34201.
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Urban growth in China has proceeded in step with the growth and transition of the socialist economy. Year 2000 Census data indicate an urban population of 456 million; this is 36% of the total population and is increasing much more rapidly than the overall population. Several factors drive this rapid urbanization and growth of cities and towns: continuing, although diminishing, population growth; migration of rural people, as regulations on rural and urban household registration change; rapid structural shift in employment activities and the decline of farm employment; foreign trade and foreign investment, especially in coastal areas; restructuring of state-owned enterprises and growth of private enterprises and activities; and allocation of domestic funds in fixed assets for urban infrastructure, also concentrated in coastal areas. Key issues for continuing urbanization focus on the capacity of the emerging private sector in parallel with the state and collective sectors to generate new jobs, and the willingness of the central state to reconcile the subsidies and privileges of state-sector urban employees with other recent migrants in cities and towns who do not enjoy the state-sector subsidies.
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Diaper, C., and A. Sharma. "Innovative sewerage solutions for small rural towns." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.561.
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The development and implementation of alternative wastewater servicing approaches in rural communities in Australia appears more feasible than in larger urban developments as many rural centres rely on septic tanks and surface discharge of greywater. This method of disposal creates many environmental, social and economic issues and is seen to limit potential for growth in many towns. This paper describes a generic methodology for the selection of innovative sewerage options for six regional towns in Victoria, Australia. The method includes consultation with stakeholders, multi-criteria assessment and concept design of the most favourable option. Despite the broad range of initial wastewater servicing options presented which included cluster-scale systems, upgrade of existing systems, greywater reuse and alternative collection, the outcome for five of the six towns was a modified centralised collection system as the preferred option. Lack of robust and reliable data on the human health risks and environmental impacts of alternative systems were identified as the primary data gaps in the sustainability assessment. In addition, biases in the assessment method due to stakeholder perceptions were found to be an additional issue.
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Ponomarev, Evgeny, Ekaterina Pokka, and Anna Yudakova. "Effectiveness of the cluster approach for sustainable development of small historical towns and settlements of the Republic of Tatarstan." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 10019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127410019.
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One of the key issues of modern architecture and urban development is the decline of urban life in small towns and settlements, which are experiencing the negative consequences of the new socioeconomic reality. The urbanization process, characterized by rising large cities and mega-cities is provided by an increasing influx of migration from small historical cities and settlements. However, small urban settlements, preserving features of historical architecture, natural attraction and provincial coziness are important factors in restraining the uncontrolled growth of mega-cities and as a condition for the preservation of local culture and traditions of sustainable ecological balance of the regional settlement system. Obviously, the issue of integrated development of small historical settlements is coming to the fore. To solve this problem the authors propose a cluster approach that effectively develops the architectural environment of such cities and creates attractive living and tourism environments. The purpose of the research is to develop a method of the cluster approach for sustainable development of small historical towns and settlements, aimed at a comprehensive transformation of their architectural environment while preserving of valuable historical, cultural and architectural heritage. The limitation of the research is the Republic of Tatarstan.
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Zokirov, Rakhimdzhon Sharifovich, and Bekmurod Validzhonovich Normurotov. "Principles of Functional Planning of House Zoning in Small Towns of Tajikistan." Interactive science, no. 1 (47) (January 20, 2020): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-519499.
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The article discusses the basic principles of functional planning of house zoning native to small towns in Tajikistan, taking into account the national specifics and demographic features. The dynamic population growth in the region allows the development of existing settlements and the emergence of new cities.
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Du, Ningrui, Ming Zhang, Jingnan Huang, and Guoen Wang. "A Conflict-Detecting and Early-Warning System for Multi-Plan Integration in Small Cities and Towns Based on Cloud Service Platform." Smart Cities 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 388–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities2030024.
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Multi-plan integration (MPI) is a major effort initiated by China’s State Council for the purpose of streamlining development plans made by various public agencies in provincial and city governments. Small cities and towns are facing challenges to achieve MPI goals due to lack of technological infrastructure and professional expertise. This article presents a system to assist small cities and towns to carry out their MPI tasks. The system, named conflict-detecting and early-warning for MPI (CDEW4MPI) is developed based on a cloud service platform. CDEW4MPI enables small cities and towns in remote locations to detect inconsistency and conflicts among multiple plans. The system includes two modules. One is conflict-detecting, which identifies spatial conflicts in boundary designation among different plans from different agencies. The other is early-warning, which analyzes and reports potential encroachment of proposed local plans to urban growth boundary, the baseline for ecological protection, and the farmland under permanent preservation. CDEW4MPI was implemented as a demo project in Shennongjia Forestry District, a municipality in the western mountainous region of Hubei Province, China. The paper presents the design of CDEW4MPI and its implementation in Shennongjia and draws lessons from the Shennongjia case for broad interests in smart management of spatial resources.
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WEI, Houkai. "The Administrative Hierarchy and Growth of Urban Scale in China." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 03, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748115500013.
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Chinese cities are characterized with administrative hierarchy. According to administrative hierarchy and government seat, Chinese cities can be divided into seven levels including municipality, vice-provincial city, general provincial capital, general prefecture-level city, county-level city, county town, and general designated town. As the analysis result shows, urban scale and growth is closely related to their administrative hierarchy, and with the upgrading of administrative hierarchy, both the urban population and land scale present a tendency of exponential increase. From the perspective of population and land scale growth, cities with higher administrative hierarchy grow faster than those with lower administrative hierarchy. The differentiation of urban scale and growth is greatly influenced by administration-center bias of governmental resource allocation because cities with different administrative hierarchies make diverse administrative power, resource allocation and institutional arrangement. Under the existing urban system, administration-center bias is also a kind of metropolis bias, and both of them reinforce each other which lead to overexpansion of cities with higher administrative hierarchy and the failure of the policy of urban scale control. To promote the harmonious development of small towns and cities, medium and large cities, we should radically change the administration-center bias in resource allocation, weaken the influence of administrative hierarchy, control the urban scale according to comprehensive carrying capacity and stimulate the development of economy strong town through focusing power expansion to impulse the equality of intercity development and interest equality.
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Camparano, Alessandra, and Joanna Masic. "Municipal asset management in China’s small cities and towns: Findings and strategies ahead." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 2, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v2i1.161.
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Chinese municipalities have developed a large stock of capital assets during a period of rapid growth and urbanization, but have yet to modernize asset management practices. Cities face challenges such as premature decline of fixed assets and spiking liabilities related to operating and maintaining assets. This paper evaluates the asset management practices in three selected small cities and towns in China, using a benchmarking assessment tool followed by an in-depth field assessment. The paper finds that overall performance is below half the international benchmark for good practice in all three cities. Management practices are considerably more advanced for land than for buildings and infrastructure. Key deficiencies in data availability and reporting, governance, capacity, and financial management indicate increased risks for local government finance and the delivery of public services. For small cities and towns where public revenues are often uncertain and limited, urban public services will be at risk of deterioration unless good asset management practices are put in place. The paper recommends strategic actions for upper and lower levels of government, to advance local asset management practices and facilitate the reform agenda.
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Аксянова, А., A. Aksianova, С. Чехломин, and S. Chekhlomin. "METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC ATTRACTIVENESS OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS FOR POPULATION." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2018, no. 2 (March 25, 2018): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-2-52-58.
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<p>Reducing the number of city-forming enterprises in single-industry towns leads to a decrease in the standard of living and migration of the population to other cities. From the economic point of view in many cases, the support of such cities is inappropriate, and there is a need to support the most rapid migration of the population to<br />more favorable cities. But on the other hand, the dispersal system in Russia is characterized by sparseness, and in many cases isolated monocities are important for the integrity of the territorial structure of the country. The article identifies the main factors that can<br />influence the increase in the attractiveness of single-industry towns for the population. This approach can be an effective tool for assessing the potential of single-industry urban settlements. Approbation of the proposed campaign in the Republic of Tatarstan<br />and the Kemerovo region made it possible to conclude that the strategic direction in the development of single-industry cities should be connected with the economic diversity of the city. Acceleration of economic growth, as well as sustainability of business can be<br />achieved by the development of small and medium-sized businesses</p>
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Brand, Andre DW, Johannes E. Drewes, and Maléne Campbell. "Differentiated outlook to portray secondary cities in South Africa." AIMS Geosciences 7, no. 3 (2021): 457–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2021026.
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<abstract> <p>Cities are playing an increasingly important role in the development and growth of countries. A country's growth and prosperity is largely dependent on the efficient functioning of its cities. The reliance of countries on the ability of their cities to perform crucial central functions, for national growth, continues to rise. South Africa has a long-standing network of cities, towns and localities. These have developed and become hierarchised over the course of history during which population settlements and their distribution have been influenced by colonisation, segregation, industrialisation and globalisation. Since 1911, South Africa has undergone an extended phase of intense urban growth, with areas such as Johannesburg, Cape Town and eThekwini (Durban) agglomerating into dominating economic spaces. There are, however, no universally accepted, distinct criteria that constitute the general characteristics of secondary cities. The common assumption is that secondary cities are those cities that find themselves below the apex of what are considered primary cities. Furthermore, internationally, secondary cities appear to be considered as important catalysts for balanced and dispersed economic growth. In the South African context, the notion of what constitutes secondary cities is to a large extent underdeveloped. The aim of the paper is to appraise interconnected regional networks as a differentiated and novel outlook when determining secondary cities in South Africa. What is evident from the paper is that there are different potential alternatives with which to portray secondary cities.</p> </abstract>
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Kareem, Rozhan Kamaran, and Kameran Taher Saed. "Geographical Analysis of Increasing Urban Population in Koya District from (1957-2020)." Journal of University of Raparin 9, no. 3 (June 29, 2022): 289–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(9).no(3).paper13.
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The population of the world has been increasing year by year and it is growing rapidly in the cities and towns too، especially in the third world.There are some factors for that phenomenon, It is regarded as a new feature of modern civilization. This has an impact on the cities and towns both negatively and positively. The research zone like one town is subject to this phenomenon can be geld easily from its building up to now. In away, the study zone is broken down in to six administrative units which are (The central sub-district, Taq Taq, sub-district, shorsh, sub-district, Ashty, sub-district, sub-district, Siktan, sub-district, and Segirtkan, sub-district) the number its population reacher (148852)and the ratio of urban growth reachs (%5.1)and its area is (2069)km .It seems that this growth increases in the future and leaves its concequences .The current study consists three secfions:the first section introduces the region and concept .It the second section, the growth of the population in the research zone has been explained generally .In the third seotion, urbanization feature whiche are (natural factor and humanity) has been taekled.
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Satheendran S., S., S. Chandran S., and A. Varghese. "SPACE BASED SPATIO-TEMPORAL ASSESSMENT OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN KARUNAGAPPALLY MUNICIPALITY, A FAST GROWING CITY IN THE WESTERN COAST OF INDIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (November 19, 2018): 773–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-773-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urbanization is the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more and more people begin living and working in central areas. According to 2001 census, the urban population of the country was 286.11 million, living in 5161 towns, which constitutes 27.81% of the total country’s population. However, the same as per 2011 census has risen to 377.16 million viz. 32.16% of the total country’s population and the number of towns has gone up to 7935. The rate of urban growth in the country is very high as compared to developed countries, and the large cities are becoming larger mostly due to continuous migration of population to these cities. India’s current urban population exceeds the whole population of the United States, the world’s third largest country. By 2050, over half of India’s population is expected to be urban dwellers. This creates enormous pressure on existing urban infrastructure.</p><p>Urbanization trend in the State of Kerala shows marked peculiarities. The main reason for urban population growth is the increase in the number of urban areas and urbanization of the peripheral areas of the existing major urban centers. However, unlike the other parts of the country the Urbanization in Kerala is not limited to the designated cities and towns. The difference between rural and urban agglomerations is very negligible as far as Kerala is concerned. The Kerala society by and large can be termed as urbanized. Kerala has been witnessing rapid urbanization since 1980.</p><p>The present study, is an attempt to analyses the extent of land use/ land cover changes in the Municipality over the years from 2012 to 2017 and land surface variation over the years from 2000 to 2017.The land use/ land cover pattern of 2012 to 2017 was extracted from High resolution images of the study area were downloaded from Google Earth API and the Land Surface Temperature changes were analyzed from the thermal bands of the Landsat Imageries.</p>
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O’Donoghue, Daniel. "The Rise and Fall of the Celtic Tiger and the evolution of an Urban System: 1996–2011." Urban Development Issues 64, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udi-2019-0023.
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Abstract During the 1990s the Celtic Tiger era began in the Republic of Ireland. This article tracks the response of the Irish Urban System to that remarkable period of growth ended abruptly with the Global Economic Crisis of 2008. Using Small Area Population Statistics from Ireland’s Central Statistics Office for the years 1996, 2002, 2006 and 2011 it was possible to record growth across the towns and cities of Ireland that constituted the Irish Urban System. The location, size, type and rates of change were recorded and mapped with a view towards discovering the extent to which the urban hierarchy and the spatial distribution was being altered, and by what geographical processes. Over 15 years the national population grew by 26% with most of that growth taking place in urban centres. A clear diffusion outwards from the Dublin region is noticeable and the capital’s role in systemic change is explored alongside other factors. The article highlights the changing nature of growth over time and, based on the empirical observations made, identifies a sequence of clear stages in the growth of the urban system. The article concludes with a proposal for a Model of Urban System Evolution under conditions of Rapid Economic Growth based on the distinct phases, or stages, of growth identified in Ireland’s towns and cities from 1996–2011.
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Schlappa, Hans. "Co-producing the cities of tomorrow: Fostering collaborative action to tackle decline in Europe’s shrinking cities." European Urban and Regional Studies 24, no. 2 (December 28, 2015): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776415621962.
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Investments through the 2014–2020 European structural funds pursue goals of smart, inclusive and sustainable growth, while many towns and cities in Europe are shrinking rather than growing. Policy makers and practitioners therefore face challenges in ensuring that places with very limited growth potential will not fall further behind. While scholars argue that cities in long-term decline would benefit from enhancing their capacity to develop collaborative initiatives that draw on local resources and assets, in practice local decision makers seem to struggle to engage their communities in the fight against the causes and consequences of decline. This paper advances the argument that the concept of co-production is well suited to explore and explain how collaborative actions unlock new strategic choices that are based on capabilities and resources over which local actors have control. A case study from a small manufacturing town in Germany is used to illustrate how co-production at different levels can lead to tangible, long-term improvements in a context of ongoing shrinkage.
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Mohamed, Syahidah Amni, Nor Zalina Harun, Nor Haslina Ja'afar, and Nurul Izzati Othmani. "Urban Morphological Analysis Framework for Sustainable Malay Town Transition in Response to COVID 19." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 9, no. 2-2 (July 14, 2022): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1023.
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Current approaches applied in the historical analysis on the morphological evolution of early Malay towns primarily focused on describing how cities were formed and transformed without much emphasis on how they can be analysed. Considering cities as urban organisms experiencing rapid growth, achieving a sustainable urban transition would be impossible without understanding the process of initial formation and spatial uniqueness that comprise the Malay town. However, analysing the particular kind of processes requires a comprehensive understanding of each hierarchical level of morphological elements, which, therefore, posed a greater challenge in excerpting Malay town's dynamic and organic growth pattern-development. This study attempt to develop the methodological process of urban morphological analysis framework concerning the Malay town context. With the adoption of the historic-geographical approach as the method of analysis, the study applied two different spatial scales as the basis of the analysis process, that is, plan-units analysis and morphological evolution analysis. The findings unveiled the inherent morphogenesis processes of Malay towns central to the spatial structure of Kota, represent a town that functioned as a territorial base with settlements of Kampung as the archetype of the morphological unit. Through depicting the spatial boundary of Dalam Kota and Luar Kota, the fixation line of the growth process in Malay town can be identified, which is imperative to the functioning system of the town. Accordingly, developing the systematic morphological analysis process aids in providing a clear and responsive strategy for managing the changing process of Malay towns to ensure a sustainable transition for resilient communities and territories
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Mietule, Iveta, and Lienīte Litavniece. "EVALUATION CRITERIA OF CITY ATTRACTIVENESS IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2010vol1.2.1790.
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Investigation of city development issues and strategic planning issues of spatial development are essential factors of the city growth. Both academic researchers in economy and geography and professionals in the field of city development policy are involved in exploration of these topics. Various city development theories are elaborated and assimilated in a result of comprehensive researches. The current article examines attractiveness criteria of cities modernized in theoretical and practical researches as well as explores methodology of city attractiveness research with the aim to identify attractiveness criteria of cities and towns of Latgale region.