Academic literature on the topic 'Cities and towns – Mexico – Environmental aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cities and towns – Mexico – Environmental aspects"
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Gutiérrez Galicia, Francisco, Ana Lilia Coria Páez, and Ricardo Tejeida Padilla. "A Study and Factor Identification of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Mexico City." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 9, 2019): 6305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226305.
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Mexico City generates 12 thousand tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) per day, which places it as one of the cities that produces the most MSW in the world. However, the treatments used in the city are not enough for recycling materials and organics valorization of at least 45% of the MSW, which is the minimum for a medium-high-income city. To put in a global context the deficiency in Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) in Mexico City and evaluate the policies that have been implemented thus far, Wasteaware benchmark Indicators for Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) were used to obtain a desired profile for the comprehensive MSWM in Mexico City. The Wasteaware Benchmark Indicators have been tested in more than 50 cities around the world. The results showed that in Mexico City, certain aspects of governance present the most considerable delay and, at the same time, that there are certain areas of opportunity to improve the efficiency of MSWM in its physical aspects, such as collection systems or treatment services.
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Burton, Elizabeth. "Measuring Urban Compactness in UK Towns and Cities." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29, no. 2 (April 2002): 219–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b2713.
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Although promotion of the compact city is now enshrined in land-use planning policy in many countries, including the United Kingdom, there is little evidence to support the many claims in its favour. In seeking to provide empirical data to advance the debate, one of the key problems researchers face is the task of measuring urban compactness. Research on the compact city is hampered both by a lack of consensus on its meaning and by the absence of recognised indicators for measuring it. This paper describes the development of a large set of urban compactness indicators used in an investigation of social sustainability outcomes in twenty-five English towns and cities. The paper begins by identifying and defining the different aspects of urban compactness, then outlines the indicators (including sources and methods) used for measuring each of these aspects. Finally, the values of these indicators for a range of English towns and cities are presented and reviewed. The aim of the paper is to contribute methodological tools to the compact city debate and provide a model for further research, essential in this field.
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Flinchpaugh, Steven G. "Economic Aspects of the Viceregal Entrance in Mexico City." Americas 52, no. 3 (January 1996): 345–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008005.
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On November 4, 1640, a ship two months out of Cádiz entered the harbor of Veracruz and dropped anchor opposite the fortress of San Juan de Ulúa. On board was the new Viceroy of the Kingdom of New Spain, the Duque de Escalona, Diego López Pacheco. The viceroy’s arrival in Veracruz was but the first act in the elaborate drama of colonial government. Escalona and his party tarried in the port, passing the time inspecting the king’s troops and fortifications while they recuperated from the crossing and prepared for the journey to Mexico City. Accompanied by a mounted escort, gentlemen from the towns and cities of New Spain, a retinue of priests, servants and relatives, a herd of sheep, cattle, and other livestock, and by a baggage train carrying the stores of food and wines he brought with him from Spain, the viceroy would climb from sea level to the central meseta of New Spain, an ascent of nearly 8000 feet. The trip to Mexico City was a time for introductions, feasts, toasts, and pageants; but, it was also a time for politics, as the local notables, merchants, and government officials who accompanied the viceroy’s party vied for a favorable processional position and attempted to arrange a place at court for themselves, their relatives, and clients. Each village or town through which the viceroy passed would welcome him according to local custom and means. In larger towns like Puebla, this meant sumptuous entertainment, a procession to the cathedral followed by a reception and banquet. The viceroy could expect a more humble, but no less colorful reception when he passed through one of the dozens of smaller Indian communities along the route.
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Derr, Victoria, Yolanda Corona, and Tuline Gülgönen. "Children’s Perceptions of and Engagement in Urban Resilience in the United States and Mexico." Journal of Planning Education and Research 39, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x17723436.
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Resilience planning is increasingly employed as a means for cities to anticipate and plan for environmental and social challenges. Children’s perspectives are underrepresented in this domain. Through drawings, murals, photographs, videos, and dialogues, children shared their perspectives on resilience in two disparate cities—Boulder, Colorado, USA, and Mexico City, Mexico. Elements that support and negate resilience were consistent between cities. However, the negative aspects of physical and social safety were more acutely felt in Mexico City. While children were clear about what composes a resilient city, integration of these ideas into resilience planning was more challenging, especially in Mexico City.
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Song, Yuanwen, Lei Gao, Haipin He, and Juan Lu. "Analysis of Geoecological Restoration in Mountainous Cities Affected by Geological Hazards with Interval Intuitive Fuzzy Information." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (October 15, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6555005.
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With the progress of the industrial revolution and the development of modern science and technology, China’s urbanization process has been promoted. Urban and rural economic and social construction has greatly improved the local appearance and social structure. Human activities and natural ecology have affected the whole geological-ecological process, further aggravated the geological-ecological damage, and caused more serious geological disasters, especially in some places (especially in mountainous areas). In recent years, strong geological disasters have occurred in Wenchuan, Yushu, and Lushan regions of China, which not only seriously endanger the life safety and social life of the affected people, but also damage the geological-ecological structure and social functions of the region, especially in the geographically sensitive Alpine urban areas. It also produced many secondary disasters, such as landslides and land collapses. Mountainous cities and towns have special requirements for construction land, which is difficult to construct. Industrial land resources are in short supply, urban and rural comprehensive construction land is not active, and cultivated land area resources are tight. Compared with plain towns with superior geological conditions, mountain towns are more vulnerable to adverse geological environment such as geological ecology, landform, ecological vegetation, and hydrology. The geographical natural environment, as an organic whole that combines and interacts with the geomorphic natural environment, the biological-ecological environment, and the human social management environment, is the main reason that affects the development of mountain towns. Once the mountain geological ecology is destroyed, a series of geological disasters will often be induced, which will seriously restrict the healthy development of mountain towns. Scientific management of the geological environment plays an important role in the assessment of the geological environment restoration of mountain towns after disasters. Therefore, taking the most beautiful counties in China, Baoxing City, and Tianquan County as examples, on the basis of studying the complex geological-ecological theory of geological disasters, this paper further improves the traditional ecological footprint model in China, and using the interval direct fuzzy information constructs the metric index of ecological restoration scheme of mountain towns, and determines the evaluation index and optimal scheme of ecological restoration. From the aspects of landscape layout construction, disaster prevention and mitigation planning and improvement, and environmental restoration project, the future geoecological restoration and response strategy of Lushan County are pointed out, which provide guidance for the postdisaster geoecological safety layout construction.
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FROLOVA, Elena Victorovna, Olga Vladimirovna ROGACH, Elena Evgen'evna KABANOVA, and Tatyana Mikhailovna RYABOVA. "Domestic Tourist Market in the Population Estimates: A Sociological Analysis." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 7, no. 4 (February 28, 2017): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v7.4(16).16.
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This article is devoted to the assessment of satisfaction among different social groups with the tourism service rendered within the framework of cultural and educational trips over Russia. This work is based on the results of the investigations of the Russian Public Opinion Research Center (WCIOM), the Public Opinion Foundation (FOM). As the main research method we have chosen questionnaire which has allowed us to reveal preferences of the tourists from different social categories. This questionnaire is based on the main components forming tourists’ satisfaction with the trips over Russia. In the course of the mentioned-above investigation we have found dependence between the number of the trips in different cities and towns of Russia, and the level of satisfaction with the quality of the tourist service of the domestic tourism industry.
The authors have conducted analyses of the main problems with which tourists usually encounter while travelling over the country. These problems include the following aspects: lack of well-developed tourism infrastructure in the Russian cities and towns, dissatisfaction with variety of animation programs, most part of package tours does not render efficient full service. At the same time, we can conclude that increasing number of the Russians acknowledge the historic and cultural importance of the cities heritage. They assess the level of arrangement of the holidays, entertainments as a quite high. Almost a half of the respondents gave positive assessment to the level of satisfaction with such tourism service as the level and quality of traditional folk craft, an opportunity to immerge into the history and culture of a region, contribute to the revival of cultural values.
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Nkemdirim, Lawrence C., and D. Venkatesan. "Urban-induced Increase in Length of the Freeze-free Season and Its Environmental Implications." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 4 (1986): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900035402.
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There has been a systematic increase in the length of the freeze-free season in several Canadian cities since 1940. This increase is believed to be due mainly to urbanization. Although the rate of urbanization during the period 1940–70 was not significantly higher than the rates in the preceding decades, urban growth during those thirty years was accompanied by higher levels of fossil-fuel conversion, which produced higher temperatures in towns and cities than in surrounding rural areas, and a generally reinforced ‘greenhouse effect’. The higher temperatures in turn combined with other urban factors to enhance the length of the freeze-free season.In a northern climate where the growing-season is already precariously short, a longer freeze-free season should have beneficial effects on agriculture and affect other aspects of the environment. There is general agreement among research workers that the energetics of solar variability are too small to affect tropospheric or stratospheric processes directly to any significant degree. This study reinforces belief in the importance of local factors; such influences tend to override any subtle connection between solar variability and the weather.
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Csóka, M., G. Rózsa, I. Marko, and Š. Stanko. "Alternatives how to mitigate urban flooding and CSO in urbanized areas used in European cities and towns." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1209, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1209/1/012017.
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Abstract Urban flooding and combined sewer overflow in city, or town areas represents potential risk in environmental, economic, or social aspects. The goal of this study is to process and evaluate efficiency of individual solutions to reduce occurrence of flooding in urban areas caused by intense rainfall events. The known conventional solutions are stormwater chambers, or storage drains. The new trend in reduction of stormwater drainage into combined sewer system are parts of blue-green infrastructure. Blue-green infrastructure represents environmental urban infrastructure which consists of sensitively selected urban vegetation combined with ingenious hydrological elements of urban city drainage. The study also deals with experimental usage of decentralized real time control, based on a gossip-based algorithm of moveable gates in sewage network. Experiment was proposed for drainage system of the city of Cosenza in Italy. Evaluation will assess application value of individual proposed solutions for the reduction of combined sewer overflow for Slovak republic and its urban cities, or towns.
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Brázdová, Adéla, and Jiří Kupka. "The Objectivization of the Living Green Walls Concept as a Tool for Urban Greening (Case Study: LIKO-S a.s., Slavkov u Brna, Czech Republic)." Land 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12010229.
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The improvement of human well-being and the urban environment in cities and towns around the world will always be at the forefront of our interests. After all, the resilience of the urban environment to climate change is very important now. For example, the residents’ well-being can be improved in terms of environmental aspects. The opportunities for improving the urban environment are, of course, closely interconnected with other aspects, i.e., economic, technical and social. One of the ways to increase the resilience of cities is by progressive urban greening with small urban greenery elements. Exterior green walls are attractive, often used in urban areas, and are also the key issue of our paper. They represent at first sight (concerning their usual size) only a small instrument, but they can have a significant environmental, techno-economic and socio-cultural impact. Potential stakeholders may not be aware of this consequence. Our research focuses not only on a model exterior green wall (LIKO-S a.s., Czech Republic), where selected environmental aspects were measured for one year to confirm or deny the cooling effect of the exterior green wall on the surrounding environment, but also to objectify the issue of green walls. We also present proposals for tools that consider other aspects (technical-economic and socio-economic aspects): objectivization-decision scheme and guided interview for stakeholders’ motivation. These tools can serve future stakeholders in the pre-implementation phase of the intended exterior green wall. Objectivization of exterior green walls is the main goal of the present paper.
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Coronado Martínez, Yasu, Mara Rosas Baños, and Hazael Cerón Monroy. "Ecotourism as a path to sustainable development in an isolated Magic Town." Journal of Tourism Analysis: Revista de Análisis Turístico 25, no. 1 (April 9, 2018): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jta-02-2018-0004.
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Purpose This study aims to reveal the potential for ecotourism of a locality with high marginalisation index in the municipality of Tlalpujahua, a Magic Town in the State of Michoacán, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach This case study was based on several methodologies. First, socioeconomic, environmental, sustainability, geographic and institutional variables were used in the evaluation of 62 localities of the municipality. Geographic information systems identified study areas and determined their potential for ecotourism. Second, participatory diagnosis was used to collect specific information about the locality regarding their organisational aspects, development strategies, current socioeconomic problems, land use and resources availability and interest in developing projects related to ecotourism. Finally, the authors adapted the FAS Model (factors, attractors and support systems) to include environmental and organisational variables contributing to a theoretical approach to ecotourism. To identify attractors, they applied a questionnaire to determine the profile of tourists visiting Magic Towns and their potential interest in ecotourism. Findings The authors conclude that ecotourism is a possible alternative to highly marginalised localities within Magic Town municipalities and would be able to expand the benefits engendered by the program. Ecotourism can therefore represent a new option for tourists visiting marginalised communities in Mexico. Originality/value A diverse methodology applied key elements to identify localities suitable for ecotourism, characteristics of marginalisation and endowment of natural heritage. The authors conclude that the benefits to localities included in the Magic Towns Program can be expanded to surrounding spaces through strategies such as ecotourism.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cities and towns – Mexico – Environmental aspects"
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Edussuriya, Priyantha S. "Urban morphology and air quality: a study of street level air pollution in dense residential environments of HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37672241.
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Vargo, Jason Adam. "Planning for the new urban climate: interactions of local environmental planning and regional extreme heat." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45957.
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The Earth's climate is changing and cities are facing a warmer future. As the locus of economic activity and concentrated populations on the planet, cities are both a primary driver of greenhouse gas emissions and places where the human health impacts of climate change are directly felt. Cities increase local temperatures through the conversion of natural land covers to urban uses, and exposures to elevated temperatures represent a serious and growing health threat for urban residents. This work is concerned with understanding the interactions of global trends in climate with local influences tied to urban land covers. First, it examines temperatures during an extended period of extreme heat and asks whether changes in land surface temperatures during a heat wave are consistent in space and time across all land cover types. Second, the influences of land covers on temperatures are considered for normal and extreme summer weather to find out which characteristics of the built environment most influence temperatures during periods of extreme heat. Finally, the distribution of health vulnerabilities related to extreme heat in cities are described and examined for spatial patterns.
These topics are investigated using meteorology from the summer of 2006 to identify extremely hot days in the cities of Atlanta, Chicago, Philadelphia, and Phoenix and their surrounding metropolitan regions. Remotely sensed temperature data were examined with physical and social characteristics of the urban environment to answer the questions posed above. The findings confirm that urban land covers consistently exhibit higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas and are much more likely to be among the hottest in the region, during a heat wave specifically. In some cities urban thermal anomalies grew between the beginning and end of a heat wave. The importance of previously recognized built environment thermal influences (impervious cover and tree canopy) were present, and in some cases, emphasized during extreme summer weather. Extreme heat health health vulnerability related to environmental factors coincided spatially with risks related to social status. This finding suggests that populations with fewer resources for coping with extreme heat tend to reside in built environments that increase temperatures, and thus they may be experiencing increased thermal exposures.
Physical interventions and policies related to the built environment can help to reduce urban temperatures, especially during periods of extremely hot weather which are predicted to become more frequent with global climate change. In portions of the city where populations with limited adaptive capacity are concentrated, modification of the urban landscape to decrease near surface longwave radiation can reduce the chances of adverse health effects related to extreme heat. The specific programs, policies, and design strategies pursued by cities and regions must be tailored with respect to scale, location, and cultural context. This work concludes with suggestions for such strategies.
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Ibekwe, Anieno Abasiofiok. "High school lessons on human sprawl in the Inland Empire." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3360.
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The aim of this project was to develop curriculum that educators could use to assist high school students (ages 14-17 years) in the Inland Empire of Southern California to apply critical thinking skills to understanding the negative effects of uncontrolled urban sprawl. The problems and issues which result from sprawl are emphasized in the learning activites.
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Xulu, Sifiso. "Land degradation and settlement intensification in Umhlathuze Municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86208.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The multifaceted land degradation problem and its associated manifold impacts have attracted research from different disciplines, resulting in varying definitions of the concept. However, most researchers agree that human intervention that deteriorates the state of the environment is the central element. Among the anthropogenic activities that exacerbate land degradation, land cover has been singled out as the salient element. Rapid and unplanned land cover changes are primary manifestations of this problem. UMhlathuze Municipality, the study area which has superior biodiversity richness, is one of fastest growing municipalities in South Africa and is the locale of significant land modifications in recent decades because of a variety of industrial and residential developments. Using Landsat TM imagery acquired for 1984, 1996 and 2004, this study mapped and quantified land cover change and manifestations of land degradation in the uMhlathuze Municipality in conjunction with settlement intensification computed from orthophotographs acquired for 1984 and 2004. Census population statistics were analysed as a reflection of population dynamics and further to gauge related causes of land cover change. Geographical information technology (GIT) was applied as an analytical tool. The results revealed the anthropogenic influences that led to changes in land cover over the 20- year period between 1984 and 2004. The dominant natural cover classes in 1984 declined continuously and human-dominated land categories had increased sharply by 2004. Much of grasslands, forest and wetlands were converted to monotypical agroforestry (sugar cane and forestry plantations), built-up settlement and mining. These changes engendered complete loss of biodiversity (floral and migration of fauna). Bare ground, signifying land degradation, was noticeable although it exhibited a fluctuating trend which could be attributable to differences between the various imagery used. Along with population growth, the area of settlements increased over the study period and spatially sprawled from urban areas. Settlements showed a fairly stable spatial configuration over the 20-year period, but became magnified in medium- and high-density areas. Grassland and wetlands occurring around Richards Bay, as well as indigenous forest near Port Durnford, were identified as critically threatened ecosystems. The proposed industrial development zone and port expansion were recognized as having adverse ecological implications for wetlands. The study concluded that significant land cover changes occurred in the form of natural land cover giving way to monotypical agroforestry, built-up settlements and mining - all to the detriment of pristine natural habitat.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veelvlakkige probleem van omgewingsdegradasie en die gepaardgaande veelsoortige impakte lok navorsing uit verskillende dissiplines, wat lei tot verskillende definisies van die konsep. Tog is die meeste navorsers dit eens dat menslike invloede die sentrale element is wat die toestand van die omgewing verswak. Van die vele menslike aktiwiteite is grondgebruikverandering uitgesonder as die belangrikste beïnvloeder van agteruitgang van die omgewing. Veral vinnige en onbeplande grondgebruikveranderinge verteenwoordig die primêre manifestasies van hierdie probleem. UMhlathuze Munisipaliteit, die studiegebied met 'n hoë biodiversiteitsrykdom, is een van die vinnigste groeiende munisipaliteite in Suid-Afrika, waar 'n verskeidenheid nywerheids- en residensiële ontwikkelings beduidende grondgebruikverandering oor die afgelope dekades dryf. Met behulp van Landsat TM beelde van 1984, 1996 en 2004, is hierdie studiegebied gekarteer en oppervlaktes gekwantifiseer om grondgebruikverandering en verwante manifestasies van die agteruitgang van landbedekking in die uMhlathuze Munisipaliteit te konstateer. Tesame hiermee is die verdigting van nedersettings ook met behulp van ortofoto’s van 1984 en 2004 aangeteken. Bevolkingsensusstatistieke is ontleed as weerspieëling van die gepaardgaande bevolkingsdinamika en om moontlike oorsake van verandering in grondbedekking te bepaal. Vir hierdie doel is geografiese inligtingstegnologie (GIT ) as analitiese instrument toegepas. Die resultate toon antropogeniese invloede lei tot veranderinge in grondbedekking oor die tydperk van 20 jaar tussen 1984 en 2004. Die dominante natuurlike dekkingsklasse in 1984 het voortdurend verminder en menslik-gedomineerde kategorieë het teen 2004 skerp gestyg. Baie van die grasvelde, woude en vleilande is daadwerklik omskep tot monotipiese agro-bosbou (suikerrieten bosbouplantasies), beboude nedersetting en mynbou. Hierdie veranderinge behels 'n volledige verlies van biodiversiteit (plantegroei en migrasie van fauna). Kaalgrond, wat dui op die agteruitgang van grondbedekking, was ook opvallend, hoewel dit 'n wisselende tendens toon wat ook kan wees as gevolg van die verskille tussen die beeldmateriaal wat gebruik is. Saam met die groei van die bevolking is bevind dat nedersettings oor die studieperiode toegeneem het en in tipiese spreipatrone weg van die stedelike gebiede uitbrei. Nedersettings het 'n redelik stabiele ruimtelike liggingsopset oor die tydperk van 20 jaar getoon, maar het in medium- en hoë- digtheid gebiedeverdeel. Die voorkoms van grasveld en vleiland rondom Richardsbaai, asook inheemse woud naby Port Durnford, is geïdentifiseer as krities-bedreigde ekosisteme. Die voorgestelde nywerheidsontwikkelingsone en hawe-uitbreiding is geïdentifiseer as ontwikkelings met nadelige ekologiese implikasies vir vleilande. Daar is dus tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat beduidende voortgaande grondbedekkingveranderinge in die gebied voorkom, waarin natuurlike landdekking transformeer tot monotipiese agrobosbou, beboude nedersettings en mynbou - alles tot nadeel van die ongerepte natuurlike habitat.
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Fabri, Adriano. "Ecovilas: uma análise comparativa a partir das dimensões da sustentabilidade." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1362.
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O projeto de dissertação tem como tema central a sustentabilidade, assunto que está cada vez mais em evidência devido à crise socioambiental vivida pela sociedade contemporânea. Analisar o nível de desenvolvimento das práticas relacionadas com as dimensões da sustentabilidade (ecológica, social, econômica e cultural) presentes nas ecovilas é o seu objetivo principal. A pesquisa é exploratória utiliza método bibliográfico para a contextualização teórica e para o embasamento empírico faz uso de levantamento de dados por amostragem (survey) com a aplicação de questionário on-line a representantes de (50) cinquenta ecovilas originárias da América Latina, a qual resultou em (9) nove respostas efetivas, das quais foram selecionadas 2 (duas) ecovilas para a realização das visitas de campo. Visa à investigação da forma como os moradores das ecovilas se relacionam entre si, com a natureza e quais tecnologias utilizam. Entre os resultados encontrados, ressalta-se o mapeamento das principais práticas, além do nível de desenvolvimento destas de acordo com a percepção dos respondentes e da observação realizada em campo. Finalmente destaca-se que os resultados encontrados na pesquisa podem auxiliar no aprimoramento de comunidades já existentes e no planejamento de novas iniciativas.The dissertation project is focused on sustainability, an issue that is increasingly evident due to the environmental crisis in contemporary society. Analyze the level of development of practices related to the dimensions of sustainability (ecological, social, economic and cultural) present in the ecovillage is your main goal. The research is exploratory uses literature method for the theoretical context and the empirical support makes use of data sample survey by applying online questionnaire to representatives of (50) fifty ecovillages from Latin America, which resulted in (9) nine effective responses, of which were selected two (2) ecovillages to carry out the field trip. Visa to the investigation of how the residents of the ecovillage relate to each other, with nature and which technologies they use. Among the results, we emphasize the mapping of the main practices, and the development level of these according to the perception of the respondents and observation performed in the field. Finally, we highlight that the results found in the research may help in the improvement of existing communities and planning new initiatives.
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Campos, Giovana de Almeida Coelho. "Análise da influência do sombreamento causado pelos edifícios na zona central de Curitiba." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2014. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1095.
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O crescimento urbano e o ritmo acelerado na concentração de pessoas nas cidades são inevitáveis. A verticalização das construções como solução para atender a necessidade da máxima ocupação do solo e para justificar a infraestrutura investida pelo poder público nas áreas centrais, causa consideráveis impactos no entorno em que estão inseridas. Contudo, a urbanização em si não é um problema, e sim a forma como as cidades estão sendo construídas e ocupadas. Diante disso, o trabalho apresenta como objetivo principal a verificação da influência do sombreamento gerado pelos edifícios altos dentro de um recorte definido na zona com maior capacidade de verticalização em Curitiba. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em quatro etapas: a primeira, de fundamentação teórica com o estudo da literatura existente sobre o tema, a segunda para definição da região de estudo na cidade e os períodos a serem analisados, a terceira etapa para delimitação do recorte de estudo com análises de cada período e, a quarta com a elaboração das simulações computacionais nos softwares Auto CAD, Sketchup Pro, Excel e Ecotect para obtenção de resultados. Durante a evolução da pesquisa, verificou-se que, de fato, o nsombreamento causado pelos edifícios altos comprometem consideravelmente as construções vizinhas a eles e todo o seu entorno imediato. Além disso, foi concluído que Curitiba, uma cidade considerada fria, sofre nos períodos de inverno com o excessivo sombreamento nas áreas públicas entre quadras. Em contrapartida, as áreas abertas de lazer estão posicionadas adequadamente e não se prejudicam com a verticalização da Zona Central. De qualquer forma, a intenção de redução de impacto gerado por esses processos deve ser planejada em um contexto mais significativo. A elaboração de projetos deve ter como premissa a adequação ao clima e ao contexto local, da mesma forma que devem ser analisados os impactos ambientais dessas sobre as construções vizinhas e os espaços externos localizados em uma área de influência. A idéia de preservar o skyline já consolidado na cidade, evitando edifícios muito altos, pode ser uma alternativa para minimização dos impactos de sombreamento.Urban growth and the fast pace in the concentration of people in cities are inevitable. Building verticalization as a solution to attend the need of maximum land use and to justify the infrastructure invested by the government in central areas, cause considerable impacts on the environment which they are. However, urbanization is not a problem itself, but how cities are being built and occupied. Thus, the main goal of this work is to verify the shadow influence caused by tall buildings in a specific area inside of the zone with more capacity of verticalization in Curitiba. This research was developed in four steps: the first one was to study the existing literature about this topic, second to define study section in the city and periods to be analyzed, third step to delimit a zoom of study with analysis about all periods and, fourth with computer simulations on Auto CAD, Sketchup Pro, Excel and Ecotect softwares to obtain important results. During the evolution of this work, it was verified that the shading caused by tall buildings undertake considerably neighboring buildings and all surrounding area. Furthermore, it was concluded that Curitiba, a cold city, suffers in winter season due to excessive shading in public spaces between blocks. On the other hand, open spaces as squares are correctly positioned and do not harm with verticalization on the downtown zone. Anyway, the intention to reduce the impact caused by these processes must be planned in a more embracing context. Project elaboration must consider local climate and urban context, just as the environmental impacts of those on neighboring buildings and on open spaces. The idea of preserving skylines already consolidate, avoiding tall buildings, can be an alternative to minimize shading impacts.
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Laurien, Jeff. "An examination on alternative methods of community development/design." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5816.
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The prevailing development pattern of sprawling suburbs prevents
sustainability and can no longer be tolerated . Since the end of WWII
the "American Dream" to own a single - family home on a large lot away
from the blight of downtowns has greatly reduced the quality of life
of North Americans. To reverse this trend sustainable development/
sustainability must be society’s goal. This means that the actions of
society - particularly where community development/design is concerned
- must promote environmental integrity, economic vitality , and social
well - being . The recent New Urbanism Movement which focuses on
community development/design makes this important realization . In
doing so, it has fostered a series of alternative methods of community
development/design which promote environmental integrity , economic
vitality , and social well-being. The most prominent examples are
Traditional Neighbourhood Development, Transit Oriented Development,
and, more recently in Canada, the Metropolitain Purlieu . However, these
concepts are not panaceas to sustainability and can gain further
insight from earlier development/design projects such as Village Homes
in California . By combining the best of the ideas from these concepts
and supplementing them with further ideas a concept which further
enhances environmental integrity , economic vitality , and social well -
being is developed. However, such a concept is only useful if it can
be successfully implemented. Thus, prominent barriers to sustainable
community development/design such as uncertainty over cost and
marketability , and inadequate regulations / guidelines to allow for or
promote alternative methods of development/design must be overcome.
One method of achieving this is through the use of the performance
point system which is devised here. Regardless of the method of
implementation used to enhance the environmental integrity , economic
vitality , and social well-being of a community, it is clear that
immediate action is required . Without it, the quality of life of North
Americans will continue to deteriorate and sustainability will not be
realized .
8
Mathew, Brenda A. "The Link Between Smart Growth in Urban Development and Climate Change." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3206.
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Mthembu, Brian Mondli. "Urban conservation and urban spaces in post - 1994 South Africa : a case study in KwaDukuza." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3068.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this research was to assess the condition of open spaces, community perceptions, benefits, threats and challenges faced by open spaces within KwaDukuza. The research is regarded as important within the context of threats posed by uncontrolled development to urban biodiversity. Primary and secondary documentary sources on open spaces in the study area were consulted. Data was gathered through the use of a questionnaire, with a sample of 100 respondents; observation; structured interviews with key respondents and discussions with focus groups. The research revealed a consistent pattern of threatened urban biodiversity when compared with other studies. The main finding was that the open spaces were under severe strain and threat in the area of KwaDukuza due to development. There was a noted lack of knowledge about key tools meant to safeguard the environment. The study concluded by recommending community participation, education and an open space policy framework for KwaDukuza.Geography
M.A. (Geography)
Books on the topic "Cities and towns – Mexico – Environmental aspects"
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Spilsbury, Richard. Towns and cities. London: Raintree, 2012.
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Cities: An environmental history. London: I. B. Tauris, 2013.
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3
Historic Burghs Association of Scotland., Donaldson's Chartered Surveyors, and Transport 2000 (Organisation), eds. Sustainable transport & retail vitality: State of the art for towns & cities. (Scotland): Historic Burghs Association of Scotland, 1996.
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4
Engwicht, David. Reclaiming our cities and towns: Better living with less traffic. Philadelphia: New Society Publishing, 1993.
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Engwicht, David. Reclaiming our cities and towns: Better living with less traffic. Philadelphia: New Society Publishing, 1993.
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Cities. London: Franklin Watts, 2009.
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Parker, Philip. Global cities. New York: Thomson Learning, 1995.
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Arya, D. S. Urbanization and it's environmental impacts. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House, 1995.
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Lowe, Marcia D. Shaping cities: The environmental and human dimensions. Washington, D.C: Worldwatch Institute, 1991.
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Cities and Climate Change. London: Taylor & Francis Group Plc, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Cities and towns – Mexico – Environmental aspects"
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Maass, Ruca, Monica Lillefjell, and Geir Arild Espnes. "Applying Salutogenesis in Towns and Cities." In The Handbook of Salutogenesis, 361–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79515-3_34.
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AbstractThis chapter casts light on how cities can facilitate good health through urban planning, design and organisation, and collaboration between multiple sectors. The way we organise cities is one aspect of the social determinants of health and can manifest or balance several aspects of social injustice. This chapter focuses on matters of planning and maintaining infrastructure, including transportation systems, green spaces and walkability, as well as matters of environmental justice across cities. Moreover, it is discussed how a Health in All Policies (HiAP) approach can be implemented at the city level, and in which ways the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Healthy City Network contributes to this work. The authors take a closer look at the evaluations of HiAP, as well as the Healthy Cities approach, and to what degree they facilitate long-lasting cross-sector collaboration. Last, it is discussed whether and how a salutogenic orientation can link places and environmental resources to health outcomes, and explore the implications of this approach for salutogenic practice and research.
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Galanis, Theodoros, and Ploutarhos Kerpelis. "Planted Roofs Over Buildings." In Smart Cities, Citizen Welfare, and the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals, 338–49. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7785-1.ch019.
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Humans in addition with other factors have increased the environmental pollution of the planet. Many highly populated cities like Athens have problems with air quality due to the poor quality of construction, high temperatures in summer, noise, no existence of city plans, etc. The scope of this study is the investigation of urban towns' benefits using planted roofs. All types of planted roofs have many environmental, constructional, social, and financial benefits. The research suggests a method from the design, the study until the construction, using decision making, informing the citizens, and taking into account their opinion. The original design of buildings must have adopted an integrated energy strategy such as the solution of planted roofs so as to maximize the benefits to the environment and human beings. The research is specialized using a case study about a planted roof of an existing school building in Athens. The advantages and disadvantages of the usage are shown focusing on environmental, social, and construction aspects.
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Toor, Garima, and Tarush Chandra. "Ecological Areas and Challenges of Urbanization." In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 219–36. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8331-9.ch011.
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Ecological areas are the network of protected areas that contribute to the ecosystem's productivity and services. With increased human demands, towns and cities are blooming with changes in landuse patterns around their peripheral areas or in the immediate vicinity. Land intensification and disproportionate urbanization have inflicted various challenges such as qualitative and quantitative depletion of natural resources, ecosystem services, and degradation of environmental quality in and around ecological areas. The chapter will focus on the circumstantial elucidation of ecological areas, their recorded challenges caused by urbanization, and the need for their conservation in previous research studies. The authors explore reported challenges encompassing ecological areas by urbanization. This will help understand the various aspects of urban transformation, like physical, social, cultural, and economic change in and around the ecological areas, and develop measures and strategies for ecosystem conservation and environmental restoration in ecological areas.
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Silva, Carla, Cláudia Seabra, José Luís Abrantes, Manuel Reis, and Andreia Pereira. "Place attachment and residents’ perceptions of tourism development in small town destinations." In Sustainable and Collaborative Tourism in a Digital World. Goodfellow Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911635765-4853.
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Towns and cities have always been places where tourism and leisure experiences are constantly produced and consumed and a source of special fascination for visitors and tourists (Hall & Page, 2014). The development of tourism generates different degrees of impact on destination places, environments, and on the local population. Understanding resident perception of those impacts is crucial to the successful and sustainable development of tourism (Šegota, Mihalič & Kuščer, 2017). Residents are the most important destination stakeholders and, because of that, they should participate in the planning of sustainable tourism development in order to control the impacts of tourism on the places where they live (Lawton & Weaver, 2015; Garrod, Fyall, Leask & Reid, 2012). As a consequence, it is important to establish awareness of host communities’ experiences, perceptions, and attitudes towards sustainable tourism development, particularly in locations with a small population base (Thompson-Fawcett & McGregor, 2011). Once a community becomes a tourist destination, the lives of its residents become affected. Even though most of the studies conducted on tourism impacts focused on economic, social, and environmental wellbeing, the central question is still the need to understand how community residents perceive the impacts of tourism (Kim, Uysal, & Sirgy, 2013). Another crucial concept regarding sustainable tourism development is place attachment, commonly defined as the emotional bond between an individual and a specific place (Manzo, 2003). However, affection, emotions, and feelings are not the only concepts of place attachment. Cognition and practice are important as well (Low & Altman, 1992; Vorkinn & Riese, 2001). People may feel attached to a place because of emotional and social ties, but also because of the physical aspects of the place (Hidalgo & Hernández, 2001; Lewicka, 2011). Places are above all social constructions and include physical, social, and psychological connotations that help build attachment (Knez, 2014).
Conference papers on the topic "Cities and towns – Mexico – Environmental aspects"
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Quiroga Berazaín, Marko. "Indicador de sustentabilidad con enfoque de tercera generación: para regiones metropolitanas latinoamericanas: Bogotá, México, Santiago." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6332.
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Analizando tres megaciudades latinoamericanas —Bogotá, Ciudad de México y Santiago de Chile— y los enfoques contemporáneos más utilizados en el estudio de la sustentabilidad, se propone una metodología de evaluación de la sustentabilidad incorporando el enfoque de indicadores de tercera generación (G3°). Construye un Índice de Sustentabilidad Urbana Metropolitana (ÍSUM) que incluye aspectos sociales (agrupados en el término de equidad), económicos (competitividad), ambientales (habitabilidad) e institucionales (gobernanza).
El ÍSUM reveló ser fiable y suficientemente sensible como para dar cuenta de la dinámica de los problemas de sustentabilidad en las metrópolis. Su aplicación permite apreciar diferencias entre las tres ciudades: un mayor énfasis en la gobernanza y menos éxito en la equidad social, en el caso de Santiago; mayor esfuerzo en la equidad y menos éxito en la habitabilidad y la gobernanza, en Bogotá; una relación más equilibrada pero levemente más débil en equidad y gobernanza, en la Ciudad de México. Analyzing three Latin American megacities -Bogotá, Mexico City and Santiago de Chile and more contemporary approaches used in the study of sustainability assessment methodology proposed sustainability indicators approach incorporating third generation (G3 °). Build a Metropolitan Urban Sustainability Index (ISUM) including social aspects (grouped under the term of equity), economic (competitiveness), environmental (habitability) and institutional (Governance).
The ISUM proved to be reliable and sensitive enough to account for the dynamics of sustainability issues in the metropolis. Its application allows to appreciate differences between the three cities: a greater emphasis on governance and less successful social equity, in the case of Santiago; greater effort on equity and less successful in livability and governance, in Bogota; more balanced but slightly weaker in equity and governance in Mexico City for a relationship.
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Betancourt Quiroga, Carolina Ingrid, and Leonor Patricia Güereca Hernández. "Impacto ambiental del transporte en la construcción de vivienda de interes social en México durante el 2000 y 2012." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6315.
Full textAbstract:
La construcción masiva de vivienda de interés social en México durante el 2000-2012, demando constantes viajes de traslado por la población, su localización relativa ha fomentado mayor demanda de energía y de combustibles por el número de viajes origen destino.
El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar el impacto ambiental desde el cálculo de las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero (GEI), que género el transporte por la construcción masiva de vivienda de interés social en la periferia de las ciudades mexicanas, durante el 2000 – 2012.
La metodología empleada fue el Análisis de Ciclo de Vida (ACV), está herramienta permite estimar los aspectos asociados a un proceso o servicio. Para determinar el impacto ambiental, se llevó a cabo la compilación de un Inventario Ciclo de Vida, esté permitió cuantificar las emisiones de GEI y los impactos asociados.
Las emisiones de GEI fueron aproximadamente de 417.173.41 Gg de CO2 eq, esto represento 20% aproximadamente de las emisiones de transporte para el mismo periodo. The massive construction of social interest housing in Mexico during 2000-2012, demanded constant trips of the population, its relative location has fostered greater demand for energy and fuel by the number of trips source destination.
The objective of this research is to assess the environmental impact from the calculation of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) that gender transport the massive construction of social interest housing on the outskirts of Mexican cities, during 2000 to 2012.
The methodology used was the life-cycle assessment (LCA), this tool allows to estimate the aspects associated with a process or service. To determine the environmental impact was conducted compiling a Life Cycle Inventory, it is allowed to quantify GHG emissions and associated impacts.
GHG emissions were approximately 417.173.41 Gg of CO2 eq, that represent about 20% of transport emissions for the same period.
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Bellini, Oscar Eugenio. "Green camouflage: una nuova identità per le infrastrutture urbane nella città densa." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7982.
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La crescente richiesta di città più ecologiche e sostenibili impone il ripensamento dei manufatti
e delle attrezzature che vanno sotto la denominazione di infrastrutture urbane. Diventate un
imprescindibile componente fisica dell’ecosistema urbano hanno infatti assunto, nella città
contemporanea, l’involontario ruolo di testimoni della contrapposizione tra contesto naturale e
ambiente artificiale.
Attualmente oggetto di una riflessione critica che sta spostando l’interesse dalla loro
configurazione estetico/funzionale alla verifica di compatibilità ambientale e paesaggistica, esse
possono essere ripensate, anche grazie all’impiego della vegetazione e del verde tecnologico,
quale azione preliminare verso la loro rigenerazione e quella degli “infra-luoghi” che ad esse si
accompagnano.
Al di là delle tendenze modaiole, che sovente scadono nel greenwashing, l’inverdimento delle
infrastrutture può rappresentare l’occasione per rendere ambientalmente più sostenibili
consistenti porzioni di città, anche in ragione degli importanti benefici che la vegetazione
produce: riduzione dell’isola di calore, controllo del deflusso delle acque piovane, abbattimento
dell’inquinamento atmosferico e del rumore, etc.
In questo contesto i dispositivi del camouflage, attuati con il verde, possono aprire ad una
nuova estetica, favorendo la dissimulazione di queste attrezzature all’interno della città.
Il saggio propone un primo bilancio di una ricerca, tutt’ora in corso, sulle potenzialità
dell’impiego della vegetazione nella città densa quale strumento con cui ripensare e riabilitare le
infrastrutture e i relativi spazi, che deturpano il paesaggio urbano, formulando alcune riflessioni,
contestualizzate per concreti risultati raggiunti, su come le tecniche del camouflage e della
mimicry possono contribuire a migliorare il ruolo e la natura di queste attrezzature urbane,
altrimenti solo ed esclusivamente funzionali. The growing demand for more environmentally friendly and sustainable cities requires the
rethinking of the artifacts and equipment that we commonly call gray infrastructure.
They have become an inevitable physical component of the urban ecosystem and have in fact
assumed, in the contemporary city, the involuntary role of witnesses to the contrast between
natural and artificial environment. Gray Infrastructures are currently subject to a critical reflection
about their environmental compatibility as well as their aesthetic/functional configuration; that is why they can be rethought, by use of vegetation and ecotechgreen, to regenerate the "infraplaces"
which they accompany.
Beyond the greenwashing, the greening of infrastructure could be an opportunity to make more
environmentally consistent parts of the high city, also because of the important benefits that
vegetation produces: heat island reduction, control of storm water runoff, reducing air pollution
and noise, etc.
Intervening in many environmental aspects, ‘ecotechgreen’ becomes the premise for a new
environmental planning with which to transform towns into more efficient ecosystems.
In this context, the devices of camouflage, practiced by ecotechgreen, can open a new urban
aesthetic, facilitating the disguise of these facilities within the city.
This paper presents partial results of an ongoing research, about different planning approaches
relative to these urban components into the high density city, and it shows how the techniques
of camouflage and mimicry may help to improve the role and nature of these urban facilities.