Journal articles on the topic 'Cities and towns – Data processing'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Cities and towns – Data processing.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Cities and towns – Data processing.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Grigonis, Vytautas, and Marija Burinskienė. "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN ENERGY PLANNING OF CITIES AND TOWNS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2002): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2002.10531277.
Full textAbstract:
It is commonly accepted that sustainable development covers economic, social and ecological aspects and maintains vital exchange process between socioeconomic systems and natural environment. Interdisciplinary subjects emerge as a particular result of sustainable development. Energy planning is one of them. In the past inadequate technologies and inaccessible data limited many research activities. At present great progress is achieved in the fields mentioned above. The cheapest and most precise source of data the is recent register of real estate. Therefore it is possible to design a database for energy planning, where classification criteria could be selected and data could be summarized and structured according to these criteria. The possibilities to use these data would be provided in particular models. Using data processing programs could do it. Some examples are given how databases are used in energy planning and some suggestions how make necessary changes are presented in the article. It is also mentioned what kind of extra data are required to have a multidimensional database. Data are related with data processing programs in order to improve and accelerate accumulation of data. This, in turn, helps using data widely for energy planning.
2
Horák, Jiří, Igor Ivan, Markéta Návratová, and Jiří Ardielli. "Searching for Czech towns by Google users." Geografie 118, no. 3 (2013): 284–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2013118030284.
Full textAbstract:
Selected web search engines provide statistics regarding user activities according to the topic, time, and optionally, location of the search. The statistics provided by Google Insights for Search (Google Trends) for the names of Czech cities as parts of online queries within a six-year period were explored and analysed according to their frequency and associated topics. This data is calibrated using a system of etalons. The distribution of Czech city search results between resident and non-resident users is estimated using associated topics and the location of the origin of the query. The frequency of search for Brno and Olomouc provide highly above-average results. Most of the other regional centres show a slightly above-average frequency of search. Ostrava, České Budějovice and Ústí nad Labem are among the below-average searched cities. The paper introduces a new data source, recommends its appropriate processing, explains pros and cons, and comments on possible issues.
3
Cooke, Philip. "Silicon Valley Imperialists Create New Model Villages as Smart Cities in Their Own Image." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6020024.
Full textAbstract:
In her study of ‘Surveillance Capitalism’, Shoshana Zuboff cites Google’s parent firm Alphabet’s legal customer-purchase agreement for the parent firm’s Nest thermostats. These impose ‘oppressive privacy and security consequences’ requiring sensitive information to be shared through ‘Internet-of-Things’ (IoT) networks with other domestic and external devices, unnamed functionaries and various third parties. This is for data harvesting, analytics, processing, manipulation and transformation through digital re-sale to the same and other consumers in the form of unwanted, targeted advertising. The point of this identity ‘rendition’ is to massively augment corporate profits. It is but a short step from trapping the unwitting consumer in a ‘smart home’ to planning a similarly mediated ‘smart city’ aimed at further massively augmenting corporate profits. This is happening, as founders of digital media from Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Amazon and Tesla either commission or become beneficiaries of ‘smart city’ planning. However, there is evidence that such imperiousness is increasingly countered by emerging democratic critique of these new ‘model villages’ or ‘company towns’.
4
Muñoz-Abeledo, Luisa-María, María-Salomé Taboada-Mella, and Rosa-María Verdugo-Matés. "Determinantes de la participación femenina en el mercado de trabajo en la Galicia rural y urbana de 1924." Historia Agraria Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 79 (August 26, 2019): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.079e06m.
Full textAbstract:
This article provides new data on the female labour activity rate, obtained by analysing the determinants of female participation in rural and urban labour markets in Galicia in 1924. We selected five municipalities (two cities and three towns) to represent different economic models. The two larger hubs are A Coruña, a city with industry, services and a commercial port; and Ourense, a provincial capital in the interior of the region. The smaller, more rural municipalities analysed are Bueu, a good example of the region’s industrialization model focused on fishing, fish processing; Padrón, which combines agriculture, textiles, and tanning sectors; and Nigrán, which is eminently agrarian. By combining demographic data (Nominative Population Census of 1924) with other sources, this article corrects the female activity rate in agriculture and the fishprocessing industry. The revised female labour participation rates are higher, surpassing 50% in rural municipalities and 30% in cities. We also analyse rural and urban labour markets from a gender perspective, identifying the main male and female occupations. Finally, this research explores the accuracy of the predominance of the “male breadwinner” model in this region in the 1920s.
5
Wallner, S., M. Kocifaj, L. Komar, and H. A. Solano-Lamphar. "Night-sky imaging as a potential tool for characterization of total lumen output from small and medium-sized cities." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 494, no. 4 (May 6, 2020): 5008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa925.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT In this article, the asymptotic formula developed in past work and applied to predict skyglow due to distant sources was evolved, with the objective of characterizing small and medium-sized cities in the observer's surroundings. To enable this, a combination of theoretical computations and in situ measurements is needed, aiming to distinguish between dominant and smaller light-emitting sources, with the latter usually being camouflaged when measuring the night sky. Furthermore, for numerical modelling of skyglow, few of the most important parameters, specifically the amount of total lumens installed and radiated to the upward hemisphere, can be derived. Astronomical observatories, in particular, can profit from this concept, since they are usually situated far away from large cities but can still be surrounded by smaller villages and towns. We present a detailed description of how theoretical computations are combined with all-sky photometry in order to obtain the properties mentioned. Results are compared with satellite data, showing that, regarding approximations undertaken for processing, they are comparable, underlining the functionality of our approach. The idea of including in situ observations enables us to quantify the impact of small and medium-sized cities globally and independent of location, as long as measurements were conducted outside light domes. In addition, the presented work may be of major interest to the light-pollution community if conducting long-term observations of cities, since the quality of commonly used satellite data is going to decrease in the future, due to blindness in short wavelengths and upcoming conversions of public lighting systems to blue-enlightened LEDs.
6
Belyaeva, Olga, and Valentin Pryamichkin. "Strategic Approach to Tourism Development in Small Towns." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 1 (April 2022): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2022.1.12.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes the problems and directions of implementing a strategic approach to the development of tourism in small towns. In the context of the development of the supporting spatial frame of the country, an objective need arose to study the tourism sector as a tool for economic growth and improving the well-being of the population of small towns. The aim of the work is to identify the features of applying a strategic approach to the development of the tourism sector in small towns by assessing their current state in Russia, as well as developing ways to improve the process of strategizing the tourism sector. General scientific methods of synthesis, analysis, systematization, statistical data processing are applied. The most successful urban practices of strategic development of tourism are considered: Ples, Suzdal, Torzhok. It is shown that in order to achieve economic growth, it is possible to turn the city into a tourist destination. Based on the study of scientific and expert opinions, as well as an analysis of the actual strategies of cities, the authors proposed a model to ensure the sustainable development of tourism in small towns, which includes the following strategic factors: strategy or master plan of the city; comfortable urban environment; project and cluster approach; territory brand; involvement of government, business and local community; socially responsible tourism and ecology. The types of tourism are summarized, and recommendations are developed for the formation of strategic factors for ensuring the sustainable development of the tourism sector. An important direction should be a strategic approach to the development of small towns in order to ensure the interconnection and interconnection of the main documents of strategic planning and socio-economic development at all levels. The practical value of the study is that the developed recommendations can be used by local governments at the stages of development and implementation of urban tourism development strategies.
7
Caldera, Savindi, Sherif Mostafa, Cheryl Desha, and Sherif Mohamed. "Exploring the Role of Digital Infrastructure Asset Management Tools for Resilient Linear Infrastructure Outcomes in Cities and Towns: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 11965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111965.
Full textAbstract:
Linear infrastructure such as roads, railways, bridges and tunnels enable critical functionality within and between metropolitan and regional cities and towns, facilitating the movement of goods and services, as part of vibrant, thriving economies. However, these asset types are typically challenged by costly asset management schedules and continually eroding maintenance and refurbishment budgets. These challenges are compounded by the increasing frequency and intensity of disruptive events such as fire, floods, and storm-surge that can damage or destroy property. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG-9) highlights the urgent need for enabling evidence-based decision making for infrastructure asset management (IAM). Around the world, digital engineering (DE) efforts are underway to streamline the capture, processing, and visualization of data for IAM information requirements, towards timely and evidence-based decision support that enables resilient infrastructure outcomes. However, there is still limited understanding about which IAM information can be digitized and the types of tools that can be used. This study sought to address this knowledge gap, through reviewing the extent of available and emerging linear infrastructure related DE technologies and their IAM information requirements. A systematic literature review elicited 101 relevant conceptual and empirical papers, which were subsequently evaluated with regard to the extent and characteristics of digital infrastructure asset management tools. Findings are discussed using three themes that emerged from the analysis: (1) DE tools and their IAM asset information requirements; (2) Interoperability and integration of DE tools across IAM platforms; and (3) Application of DE tools to enable resilient linear infrastructure outcomes. A ‘Digital Technology Integration Matrix’ is presented as an immediately useful summary for government and industry decision-makers, particularly in the field of disaster management preparedness and recovery. The Matrix communicates the synthesis of tools and likely end-users, to support effective data gathering and processing towards more timely and cost-effective infrastructure asset management. The authors conclude with a research roadmap for academics, including recommendations for future investigation.
8
Chen, Li, Ian Grimstead, Daniel Bell, Joni Karanka, Laura Dimond, Philip James, Luke Smith, and Alistair Edwardes. "Estimating Vehicle and Pedestrian Activity from Town and City Traffic Cameras." Sensors 21, no. 13 (July 3, 2021): 4564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134564.
Full textAbstract:
Traffic cameras are a widely available source of open data that offer tremendous value to public authorities by providing real-time statistics to understand and monitor the activity levels of local populations and their responses to policy interventions such as those seen during the COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This paper presents an end-to-end solution based on the Google Cloud Platform with scalable processing capability to deal with large volumes of traffic camera data across the UK in a cost-efficient manner. It describes a deep learning pipeline to detect pedestrians and vehicles and to generate mobility statistics from these. It includes novel methods for data cleaning and post-processing using a Structure SImilarity Measure (SSIM)-based static mask that improves reliability and accuracy in classifying people and vehicles from traffic camera images. The solution resulted in statistics describing trends in the ‘busyness’ of various towns and cities in the UK. We validated time series against Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras across North East England, showing a close correlation between our statistical output and the ANPR source. Trends were also favorably compared against traffic flow statistics from the UK’s Department of Transport. The results of this work have been adopted as an experimental faster indicator of the impact of COVID-19 on the UK economy and society by the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
9
Espejel-García, Daphne, Luis Ricardo Ortíz-Anchondo, Cornelio Alvarez-Herrera, Alfonso Hernandez-López, Vanessa Verónica Espejel-García, and Alejandro Villalobos-Aragón. "An Alternative Vehicle Counting Tool Using the Kalman Filter within MATLAB." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 11 (December 10, 2017): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-030935.
Full textAbstract:
This study proposes an alternative and economical tool to estimate traffic densities, via video-image processing adapting the Kalman filter included in the Matlab code. Traffic information involves acquiring data for long periods of time at stationary points. Vehicle counting is vital in modern transport studies, and can be achieved by using different techniques, such as manual counts, use of pneumatic tubes, magnetic sensors, etc. In this research however, automatic vehicle detection was achieved using image processing, because it is an economical and sometimes even faster option. Commercial automatic vehicle detection and tracking programs/applications already exist, but their use is typically prohibitive due to their high cost. Large cities can obtain traffic recordings from surveillance cameras and process the information, but it is difficult for smaller towns without such infrastructure or even assigned budget. The proposed tool was developed taking into consideration these difficult situations, and it only requires users to have access to a fixed video camera placed at an elevated point (e.g. a pedestrian bridge or a light pole) and a computer with a powerful processor; the images are processed automatically through the Kalman filter code within Matlab. The Kalman filter predicts random signals, separates signals from random noise or detects signals with the presence of noise, minimizing the estimated error. It needs nevertheless some adjustments to focus it for vehicle counting. The proposed algorithm can thus be adapted to fit the users’ necessities and even the camera’s position. The use of this algorithm allows to obtain traffic data and may help small cities´ decision makers dealing with present and future urban planning and the design or installment of transportation systems.
10
Sidorova, V. Yu. "Problems of farm animals’ ecological keeping in cities." Agrarian science, no. 12 (January 17, 2023): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-365-12-35-40.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. On the areas of many cities and suburbs farm animals, which include pigs, quails, sheep, and even cows, are kept. Despite environmental complexity of this problem, it can be successfully solved, otherwise it will become a challenge for modern consumer society. The main ecology problem of the urban environment at farm animals keeping in cities is their biowaste and qustions of its disposal and processing. Methods. The method of this study is scientific analysis of literary data, GOST standards, SNIPS, technical regulations and own research and observations in the conditions of existing enterprises for the maintenance of animals in the urban environment. Results. According to Rosstat, in 2020 in Moscow 1,3 thousand tons of livestock and poultry of all kinds were raised, including 0,5 thousand tons of cattle; 0,013 thousand tons of pigs; 0,8 thousand tons of sheep and goats; 0,015 thousand tons of poultry. In 2021, sheep and goats production here increased by 20,3 %. For comparison, in Sevastopol, “only” 0,7 thousand tons of livestock and poultry of all kinds were raised, including 0,313 thousand tons of cattle; 0,251 thousand tons of pigs; 0,1 thousand tons of sheep and goats; 0,1 thousand tons of poultry of all kinds. Houses and enterprises built according to “green” environmental standards and new technologies reduce the thermal (carbon) footprint generated by keeping animals in the cities with coatings and building materials’ help. At present there are other technologies with high environmental friendliness, such as ergonomic air ventilation and heating’s systems. The biowaste’s recycling, composting, incineration, burying practice, as well as investments made in the cities urban environment ecology industry bear fruits, and this sector is now developing by 3,5 times faster than other agricultural sectors.
11
Ilyushina, T. V., A. P. Sizov, and V. V. Belenko. "Application of the algorithm for calculating the boundaries of built-up areas from satellite images to calculating the areas of flooded land and the environmental potential of the territories of settlements." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2142, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2142/1/012007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The processes of flooding of the territory of settlements cause significant economic damage to the national economy. Up-to-date space information provides research on flooding over large areas. Analysis of the dynamics of flooding in the Khabarovsk Region for 2016-2019 using remote sensing methods and statistical data analysis showed that the optimal software product for processing multi-time satellite images is the MapInfo Professional GIS application. It is established that the dynamics of the areas of flooded land in settlements has similar trends, significantly differing in quantitative indicators. The most favorable year was 2017, when the least amount of land was affected by flooding. In 2019, the amount of flooded land was the maximum. 2016 and 2018 occupy an intermediate position. The proportion of flooded land was the highest in large and medium-sized cities, the lowest in rural settlements, and the small towns occupied an intermediate position due to the landscape and geographical features of the research objects. The relative decline in the value of the territory environmental potential (EFP) was also the highest in large and medium-sized cities, and the lowest in rural areas. According to the years, the increase in the temporary decline in EFP due to flooding and withdrawal from economic use of land is as follows: 2017-2016-2018-2019, which is due to the dynamics of the hydrological and climatic characteristics of these years.
12
Hallier, Bernd. "Trade in transformation: The example of the textile business as an innovator of urban life-style." Marketing Science & Inspirations 17, no. 3 (October 30, 2022): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46286/msi.2022.17.3.1.
Full textAbstract:
The textile business is an excellent example for permanent transformations of the life-style of consumers. The first cycle in the Darwinism of the European textile sector was dominated by traders ‘knowledge about the sources of the product-materials and opportunities for processing. In a second phase covering the start of industrial mass-production and professional mass-distribution outlets for textiles were established with benchmarks at high frequency spots in down-towns of agglomerations like Berlin, Cologne, London or Paris. Department stores became the anchor of cities and for life-style driven citizens. In the third phasis the outlet-dominance is attacked by IT-driven businesses by the development of tools like the European Article Numbering-system, chips and QR-codes, clouds for big data and data-mining, artificial intelligence and virtual reality. For the textile traders it is an improvement of the efficiency by the ability to control the total supply chain electronically; for the consumer the potential interconnectivity with the internet and smartphones is an empowerment of demand because the choices for alternative points of sales are permanently increasing and mobile shopping decreases the dependance on locations of brick-and stone. Of course, this is resulting in big changes for the supply patterns.
13
Fernández-Martínez, Nicolás José. "The FGLOCTweet Corpus: An English tweet-based corpus for fine-grained location-detection tasks." Research in Corpus Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2022): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.10.01.06.
Full textAbstract:
Location detection in social-media microtexts is an important natural language processing task for emergency-based contexts where locative references are identified in text data. Spatial information obtained from texts is essential to understand where an incident happened, where people are in need of help and/or which areas have been affected. This information contributes to raising emergency situation awareness, which is then passed on to emergency responders and competent authorities to act as quickly as possible. Annotated text data are necessary for building and evaluating location-detection systems. The problem is that available corpora of tweets for location-detection tasks are either lacking or, at best, annotated with coarse-grained location types (e.g. cities, towns, countries, some buildings, etc.). To bridge this gap, we present our semi-automatically annotated corpus, the Fine-Grained LOCation Tweet Corpus (FGLOCTweet Corpus), an English tweet-based corpus for fine-grained location-detection tasks, including fine-grained locative references (i.e. geopolitical entities, natural landforms, points of interest and traffic ways) together with their surrounding locative markers (i.e. direction, distance, movement or time). It includes annotated tweet data for training and evaluation purposes, which can be used to advance research in location detection, as well as in the study of the linguistic representation of place or of the microtext genre of social media.
14
Nice, Kerry A., Jason Thompson, Jasper S. Wijnands, Gideon D. P. A. Aschwanden, and Mark Stevenson. "The “Paris-End” of Town? Deriving Urban Typologies Using Three Imagery Types." Urban Science 4, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci4020027.
Full textAbstract:
Urban typologies allow areas to be categorised according to form and the social, demographic, and political uses of the areas. The use of these typologies and finding similarities and dissimilarities between cities enables better targeted interventions for improved health, transport, and environmental outcomes in urban areas. A better understanding of local contexts can also assist in applying lessons learned from other cities. Constructing urban typologies at a global scale through traditional methods, such as functional or network analysis, requires the collection of data across multiple political districts, which can be inconsistent and then require a level of subjective classification. To overcome these limitations, we use neural networks to analyse millions of images of urban form (consisting of street view, satellite imagery, and street maps) to find shared characteristics between the largest 1692 cities in the world. The comparison city of Paris is used as an exemplar and we perform a case study using two Australian cities, Melbourne and Sydney, to determine if a “Paris-end” of town exists or can be found in these cities using these three big data imagery sets. The results show specific advantages and disadvantages of each type of imagery in constructing urban typologies. Neural networks trained with map imagery will be highly influenced by the structural mix of roads, public transport, and green and blue space. Satellite imagery captures a combination of both urban form and decorative and natural details. The use of street view imagery emphasises the features of a human-scaled visual geography of streetscapes. However, for both satellite and street view imagery to be highly effective, a reduction in scale and more aggressive pre-processing might be required in order to reduce detail and create greater abstraction in the imagery.
15
Grant, Richard. "E-waste challenges in Cape Town: Opportunity for the green economy?" Urbani izziv Supplement, no. 30 (February 17, 2019): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-2019-30-supplement-001.
Full textAbstract:
E-waste research on South Africa cities is modest compared to the much larger research output on other African cities (e.g., Accra, Ghana, and Lagos, Nigeria). Synthesizing gray reports, academic literature, and findings from 25 interviews with key Cape Town stakeholders (from informal and formal firms and industry, civil society, and governmental organizations), this paper assesses the current e-waste landscape in Cape Town, bifurcated between numerous informal individuals/firms and a handful of large formal operators. E-waste activities focus on collection (with little value added), dismantling, preprocessing, and refurbishment without final processing, the latter being performed in Johannesburg and overseas. After a decade of e-waste deliberation, government, businesses, industries, consultants, and civil society organizations are coalescing around approaching e-waste as a strategic green economic opportunity, a tilt coinciding with the designation of Africa’s first designated green special economic zone at Atlantis. The green economy tilt, however, is by no means guaranteed: deficiencies in data, e-waste infrastructure, capacity building, and major differences of opinion about the role of informal operators persist.
16
Parabrahmachari, Sriram, and Dr N. Srinivasan. "Iot Technology-Based Smart Distribution Framework for the Recognition of Vulnerabilities." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 07 (June 30, 2021): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/06487.
Full textAbstract:
The Internet of Things (IoT) transforms everybody’s life through functionality like control and tracking of linked intelligent devices. Smart towns, houses, vehicles, factories, e-healthcare to intelligent control systems, commuting, clothing, agriculture, and many more size IoT applications. The adaptation of these instruments is increasing rapidly, generating considerable data for visualization and interpretation. These systems are also vulnerable to various security risks and issues alongside easy human life, which not only concern consumers for their adoption in sensitive environments such as e-health, smart homes, and so on but also represent a risk for IoT nutrition in the next few days. The Internet of Things (IoT) transforms everybody’s life through functions like the tracking and surveillance of the associated intelligent objects. Smart cities, houses, vehicles, factories, e-healthcare, commuting, wearable tech, agriculture, and more are all IoT technologies. The adaptation of such instruments is exponentially increasing, which produces considerable data for processing and analysis. These systems are thus vulnerable to various threats and safety challenges alongside facilitating human life, not only causing concern to the consumers for their use in centralized locations including such e-health and intelligent home, etc but also posing a risk to IoT nutrition in the coming days. Moreover, a detailed competitive study between the suggested technique and other related schemes reveals that a better deal is reached with the suggested Method in comparison with other schemes between the safety and accessibility features, connectivity, and computing costs.
17
Fatihudin, Didin. "Kontribusi Private Investment Dan Belanja Modal Pemerintah Terhadap Nilai Tambah Ekonomi Dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Kab/Kota Hight Economic Di Provinsi Jawa Timur (Kota Surabaya, Kota Kediri, Kab.Sidoarjo, Kab.Gresik)." AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi 4, no. 1 (October 22, 2012): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v4n1.p90-104.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe accumulation of capital in one of the determinants of economic growth factors in addition to the economic potential and population. Private investment and government capital expenditure is the implementation of capital accumulation then spent again to enlarge the production capacity and increase asset value. This study gives an overview of how the contribution of private investment and government capital expenditure of district/city economic hight on economic value added and employment in the province of East Java. District/city Surabaya, Kediri, Sidoarjo and Gresik selected from 38 districts/cities in East Java Province. The method of research used samples expost Pacto and purposive sampling techniques. Data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the Investment Coordinating Board and the Finance Bureau of East Java Governor's Office for five years from 2002 to 2006. Data processing is done manually assisted with Excel and SPSS software program. The results showed that the change in private investment and government capital spending districts / cities have contributed to the change in economic value added and the employment / town in East Java. Private investment and government capital expenditure is very important to increase economic activities in the region. Economic growth districts / cities that use capital-intensive approach (capital intensive) will not be able to absorb labor and expansion of new jobs as experienced Kediri, unless economic growth with labor-intensive approaches (labor intensive).
18
Azyze, Nur Latif Azyze Mohd Shaari, Ida Syafiza Md Isa, and Thomas See Chin. "IoT-based communal garbage monitoring system for smart cities." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i1.pp37-43.
Full textAbstract:
In Malaysia, approximately 38,000 metric tons of garbage are generated due to human daily activities. This is due to the growing population in the urban area, hence increasing the tendency of overflowing garbage due to the insufficient space in the garbage container. In addition, the tight schedule of the garbage collection allows the spreading of the toxic odor as the garbage start to rotten up, hence leading to air pollution. Therefore, a systematic waste management system is important to provide a healthy and clean environment to the community. In this work, a communal garbage monitoring system has been developed to notify the administrator of the status of the container. Besides monitoring the level of garbage, the system is also designed to monitor the temperature, humidity, and air quality of the garbage container. These monitored data will be uploaded at the cloud for real-time monitoring. Compared to the other work, a real test-bed implementation has been conducted considering different types of waste including food waste, paper, bottles and metal; to determine the accuracy of the developed system. The results show that the system has high reliability and high accuracy with 96% for food waste and 98% for other types of waste.
19
Mulya, Widya, Maslina Maslina, and Marlina Marlina. "Sosialisasi dan Penerapan Pemilahan Sampah Berdasarkan Karakteristik." Abdimas Universal 2, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.36277/abdimasuniversal.v2i2.78.
Full textAbstract:
The high population growth rate results in an increase in the volume of waste. So far, most people still view waste as useless waste, not as a resource that needs to be utilized. According to SNI 19-3964-1994, municipal solid waste generation is 2 – 2,5 Liters/person/day or 0,4 – 0,5 kg/person/day, small town waste generation is 1,5 – 2 Liters/person/day or 0,3 – 0,4 kg/person/day, the waste generation for large/ metroppolitan cities is greater that 3 Liters/person/day (Center for Resettlement Research an Developmen, 2010). With the reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) program, the amount of waste generation can be reduced. To implement 3R based waste management, the waste reduction process begins with waste sorting. Sorting handling activities according to the type and nature. Based in data from the Balikpapan City Environmental Service, the averange waste production from January 2018 to May 2018 reached 344,73 tons/day. The program for sorting and processing waste from sources is still limited, in Gunung Bahagia Village the success rate has only reached 60%. Waste sorting based on characteristics, the importance of providing understanding and application of waste sorting to the community as a waste producer. Waste sorting is the first step taken to reduce the level of waste in the TPA. Waste sorting should be carried out from waste produciing sources. Waste sorting is carried out based on waste characteristics. Garbage has the characteristics of being easily biogefradable or what is called organic waste, it takes a long tim (years, decades, hundreds of years) to decompose or what is called inorganic waste, waste of hazardous and toxic materials. By sorting waste based on cheracteristics, waste processing can run effectively and efficiently, has econimic value and environmental sustainability. Organic waste has economic value from processing in the form of compost. Inorganic waste has economic value, because this type of waste can be reused and recycled. For hazardous and toxic waste materials, the sorting can reduce environmentals pollution, considering that this type of waste is very easy to react.
20
Papaika, Yu A., I. M. Lutsenko, IE V. Koshelenko, and P. S. Tsyhan. "Methodology for selecting the rated parameters of power transformers in the town’s electrical distribution networks in settlements." Electrical Engineering and Power Engineering, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2021-2-4.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. To substantiate a technique of a choice of nominal power of power transformers for increase of their use efficiency in distributive electric networks of the cities Methods. Analytical processing of statistical data. Findings. The paper solves the problem of efficient use of the installed power of transformers, their rational choice in the design of urban electrical networks. It was found that the choice of transformers according to classical methods causes a significant error and an overestimation of the rated power at the design stage. The method of reducing this error was developed for selecting the power of transformers of urban electrical networks. This method takes into account the predicted indicators of the operating modes of the equipment, the type of consumers, the load capacity of the equipment, the parameters of the operating mode and the environment, constant heating time of existing types of transformers that can be accepted for installation, the appropriate level of reactive load compensation. Originality The scientific novelty lies in the development of the method for selecting the rated power of power transformers 6 (20) /0.4 kV urban distribution networks by comprehensive consideration of the parameters of typical consumers and their actual structure, which will effectively use transformer equipment for load capacity during the regulated period of their operation. Practical value. The obtained results show the increase in the efficiency of capital and operating costs by selecting a rational rated power of distribution transformers 6 (20) / 0.4 kV with ensuring the effective use of their load capacity in the conditions of electric grids of cities.
21
Rean, Artur A., and Ivan A. Konovalov. "Indicators of Parent-Child Relationships in the Context of Various Socio-Demographic Parameters." Integration of Education 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 433–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.100.024.202003.433-452.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The article is dedicated to the problem of child-parent relationships (acceptance and behavior control practices by fathers). The context of modern family trends and various socio-demographic indicators of family life in the Russian Federation is also significant. The main hypothesis of the article: the indicators of acceptance and overprotection by fathers (in full families) differ in the context of such variables as a gender of the respondent, number of children in the family, and type of settlement in which the family lives. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in public secondary schools in eight regions of the Russian Federation. For data collection, an online survey was used. The sample consisted of 3 526 respondents from full families (57 % female). The mean age of the respondents was 16 years. Data analysis was carried out using the following statistical processing methods: Kruskal-Wallis test, multiple linear regressions. Results. It was found that girls statistically higher evaluate perceived indicators of “care” and “overprotection” by fathers than boys. It was also found that respondents from v illages, urban settlements, and small towns (less than 100 thousand people) statistically higher evaluate perceived indicators of control (“overprotection”) by fathers. In families with a large number of children (3 or more) from cities with a high population (more than 500000), the indicators of perceived overprotection by the father are lower. Discussion and Conclusion. Results allow us to put forward an assumption that practices of adolescents’ behavior control by fathers differ (in the Russian Federation) in the context of locality (size of the population) in which the family lives. It is also worth noting that the acceptance of a teenager by parents is largely dependent on the psychological characteristics of interaction inside the family, while indicators of overprotection (and control practices) are significantly associated with environmental factors. The results are of interest in the context of family and youth policy agenda.
22
Sohail, M., S. S. F. Ali, E. Fatima, and D. A. Nawaz. "SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF LAND USE DYNAMICS AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE IN LAHORE DISTRICT, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 28, 2021): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-359-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The rapid population growth and the urge in people to move to big cities for their settlement upshot in urban expansion. While stepping into the corridor of the 21st century, the utility of remote sensing and GIS techniques in various fields has made things understandable and thus enhances the ways of investigation for better decision making and management. The paper presents the Landsat Satellite series based Land Surface Temperature retrieval concerning land use/ land cover changes over Lahore District, Punjab, Pakistan. The Spatio-temporal analysis was performed from 1980–2020. We availed high-resolution Landsat and Sentinel-2 Satellite imagery to perform Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Supervised classification. Cloud-free satellite data was acquired from June, July, or August. Data pre-processing including atmospheric and terrain corrections were performed using ERDAS Imagine. The Red, NIR, and Thermal bands were utilized for LST estimation. ArcGIS 10.22 was used for making maps, analysis, and interpretations. The Spatio-temporal analysis of LULC and LST for the area indicates a great urbanization trend over the past forty years. People are migrating from small towns and villages to the metropolitan city of Pakistan for their livelihoods, and settlements. The built-up/urban land has expanded over the period with excessive construction that has affected the Land surface temperature. The area where human activity has increased shows higher LST’s as compared to green lands. The excessive construction has taken off the agricultural land, while the River Ravi still flows with a changing course and less water table. The COVID-19 pandemic hit in 2020 put everything on lockdown had an impact on environmental restoration due to fewer emissions and human activities. The overall classification accuracy of the images yielded substantial-high Kappa statistics of 80 %, 88%, 82%, 82.41%, and 87.76% for 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and the 2020 images, respectively. The unplanned urbanization is leading the Lahore District to serious environmental issues and climate change impacts. The need of the hour is to properly plan and manage the area for the coming generations to have a healthier and sustainable place to breathe in.
23
Ling, Chao, Guangpeng Zhang, Xiaoya Deng, Ayong Jiao, Chaoqun Chen, Fujie Li, Bin Ma, Xiaodong Chen, and Hongbo Ling. "A Study on the Drivers of Remote Sensing Ecological Index of Aksu Oasis from the Perspective of Spatial Differentiation." Water 14, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 4052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14244052.
Full textAbstract:
The overexploitation and misuse of natural resources in oaseshave put a significant strain on the ecosystem’s fragility. Therefore, a rigorous study of the ecological environment’s quality is required to assure the sustainability of oasis growth. The GEE platform has the features of timeliness and large data cloud processing, which accelerating the development of the remote sensing ecological index. The MODIS data of the research region from 2000 to 2020 were uploaded online to the GEE platform in order to calculate the humidity, greenness, dryness, and heat indices for each year. Principal component analysis was then used to develop the remote sensing ecological index after normalization. In addition, Pearson correlation coefficient, Moran’s I index, geo-detector, and the MK trend test were employed to determine the dependability of the RSEI comprehensive index, analyze the ecological environment status and its change trend in the Aksu River Basin from 2000 to 2020, and investigate the external driving factors of RSEI spatial heterogeneity. (1) The average correlation degree of RSEI is as high as 0.820, and the Moran’s I index is larger than 0.9118; thus, its practicability, dependability, and spatial rationality are enhanced. (2) The natural environment quality of Aksu basin is impacted in two ways by human influences. (1) The adoption of ecological protection measures to support the growth of groundwater reserves in the Aksu basin, increase plant covering, and so improve and enhance the ecological environment’s quality. Following the adoption of ecological protection measures, the average RSEI rose by 12.89%, the ecological quality of the farmland-based region improved considerably, and the quality of the ecological environment was enhanced. (2) Urban growth inhibits environmental progress. The acceleration of urbanization and the large rise in NDBSI have exerted pressure on the development of RSEI, while the growth of cities and towns has decreased the vegetation cover in urban areas and impeded the improvement of ecological environment quality. (3) Both human and environmental causes contribute to the regional variability of RSEI in Aksu Basin. The geographical heterogeneity is mostly caused by temperature and land use, with land use being the most important driver. Strengthening research on the connection between groundwater storage change, land use, vegetation cover, and NDBSI may facilitate the growth of regional green economies.
24
Winanti, W. S., W. Purwanta, and Wiharja. "Utilization of municipal solid waste into electricity energy: A performance of PLTSa Bantargebang pilot project." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1034, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1034/1/012003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a serious problem for cities in Indonesia. The increasing population and economic activity as well as the increasing difficulty in obtaining land for landfills are the real problems faced. Waste generation from urban areas currently reaches 29.4 million tons annually and that has been managed reaches 62.29%. The Indonesian government has targeted 100% waste management by 2025 by processing 70% and reducing it by 30%. To accelerate the achievement of this target, Presidential Regulation No. 35/2018 concerning installation construction acceleration of waste processing into electricity energy based on environmentally friendly technology has been issued. MSW in Indonesia contains 62.4% of biomass in the form of food waste, wood, vegetables and fruits which have the potential to be a source of energy. This paper describes the performance of PLTSa Bantargebang based on operating data in 2020. PLTSa Bantargebang was designed to be able to burn 100 tonnes of waste/day with an average calorific value of 1,500 kcal/kg and an electricity output of 700 kW. This plant was also equipped with a pre-treatment plant to reduce water content and air pollution control devices that can emit exhaust that met national emission standards. When this study was conducted, the WtE plant electricity production was around 350 kW which was only used for the internal operational needs of the WtE plant. In this condition, the WtE plant burns waste on average 65 tons waste per day. During 2020, the plant had burned 9,878 tonnes of waste by generating electricity of 784 MWh or an electricity conversion rate of 110.66 kWh/ton waste. Both exhaust gas emission and liquid waste have met national quality standards, so that it is an environmentally friendly WtE plant. The plant also produced fly ash and bottom ash around 19.41% of the weight of the waste burned.
25
Semerci, Arif, Ahmet Duran Çelik, and Eylem Durmuş. "Türkiye’de Süt Sığırcılığı Sektöründeki Gelişmelerin Analizi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i4.949-956.3209.
Full textAbstract:
Husbandry has a special importance for people who live in rural areas in terms of agricultural income and profitability due to some contributions such as; providing cash flow throughout the year, product processing, balanced usage of labour force, and risk diversification. According to FAO data of 2017, Turkey’s ratio in the world’s total cattle existence was 0.99%, and it had a 2.78% ratio in total milk production. According to TSI data between 2004 and 2018; the number of total cattle reached 17.042.506 with a ratio increase of 4.62%, and the annual milk production amount reached 20.036.877 tons with a ratio increase of 7.23%. Within the period of time that is mentioned above, the contribution ratio of culture breed cattle in milk production reached 61.39% from 33.63%. However, in terms of milk cow productivity, Turkey is the 57th in the world. The cities of Konya, İzmir, Erzurum, Balıkesir, and Diyarbakır provide 21.74% of Turkey’s total milk cow existence, and 22.77% of the milk production total. In terms of agricultural subsidies which are provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, husbandry took a share of 25.79% from the 14.5 billion TL total agricultural subsidies in 2018. According to the research results, directly or indirectly, husbandry contributes to decreasing development level differences between regions, and it helps to improve enterprises’ income levels in rural areas.
26
Vieregge, Michael. "Evidence of local gastronomy in rural destinations: A cross-European study." Journal of Global Hospitality and Tourism 1, no. 2 (August 2022): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/2771-5957.1.2.1011.
Full textAbstract:
In 2020, the Coronavirus pandemic led to domestic travel to rural destinations. Local gastronomy is key to tourists' expectations, perceptions, and images of rural destinations' authenticity. Empirical data supporting evidence of local gastronomy in rural communities are lacking. This archival research focused on n=549 Cittaslow and non-Cittaslow towns and cities in 19 European countries. Rural towns offer more local gastronomy than cities, and Cittaslow-certified towns more than non-Cittaslow. All rural towns should focus on expanding their local gastronomy, and Cittaslow cities even more so.
27
Ariyanti Sarwono, Iva Yenis Septiariva, Fatimah Dinan Qonitan, Nurulbaiti Listyendah Zahra, Mega Mutiara Sari, Eva Nur Fauziah, Novi Kartika Sari, et al. "Refuse Derived Fuel for Energy Recovery by Thermal Processes. A Case Study in Depok City, Indonesia." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 88, no. 1 (October 11, 2021): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.88.1.1223.
Full textAbstract:
The number of words should not exceed 350. Depok City is one of Indonesia's big cities, which is currently focused on processing waste-to-energy. This research was conducted to study and describe waste management in Depok City to become renewable energy. Secondary data from the Depok City local government's inventory was used to determine the generation and composition of municipal solid waste (MSW). The waste's characterization was taken from the material recovery facility of Depok City, located at Jalan Merdeka. The amount of waste generated in Depok City is predicted to reach 681.612 tons/year by 2025. The significant waste composition items were food waste, garden waste, textiles, paper, and plastics. The result shows that the potential heating value for the waste was 35.04 MJ/kg Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) at a temperature range of 30-800 ° C showed only 1.39% leftover food, but mass decline at 30-110 ° C occurred quite slowly due to high air content. The optimum combustion temperature for paper, plastic, and garden waste are 317-430°C, 404.5-447.15°C, and 251.78-479.9°C, respectively. The total heating value obtained was equivalent to the electrical energy of 6635.2 GWh/year in 2025. A 1-tailed ANOVA analysis with a significance of 90% parameters of water content, carbon (C) composition, hydrogen composition (H), and oxygen composition (O) presented significances of 0.090; 0.005; 0.003; and 0.037, respectively.
28
Edafewhuotu, Umukoro, Alebu Ohimai, and Olugotun Olubu. "Design and Development of Traffic Light and IR Camera Computer Network; a Tool for Infrastructural Planning and Revenue Generation." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 18 (June 30, 2018): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n18p352.
Full textAbstract:
A traffic light is a device that gives the right of way to any road user. The device is design with three visible colours made up of the Red, Yellow and Green light. It is used to control the movement of vehicles entry or leaving a junction of a town or cities. The red colour light indicates danger or stop movement. The yellow (amber) colour indicates get ready to start or stop movement. The green light indicates crossing the intersection without danger. The infrared camera (IR) is a light emitting diode (LEDs) which can video an image in an extreme low or absence of light condition. The IR camera when installed on a traffic light will capture every vehicle image, colour and the registration number of every vehicle that is given the right of way across an intersection in various locations. The captured data can be stored in a software drive (SD-card) or the hard-disk of the computer. The traffic light and IR camera are interface with a computer network system for visible and data retrieving for further programming processing. This system when installed can be used for infrastructural planning and revenue generation for the Government. It can also be used to prevent road accident and monitor the incessant knapping of the citizen. It serves as a tool for moral discipline for road user when defaulters are persecuted and charge to pay fine. The system will eliminate manual system of controlling traffic and embarrassment caused when there is traffic jam. The system is cheap and easy to install.
29
Kamburova, Mariela. "HEALTH RISK FACTORS: BODY MASS INDEX, BLOOD PRESSURE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE AMONG ROMA IN BULGARIA." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 27, no. 4 (October 6, 2021): 4014–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2021274.4014.
Full textAbstract:
Roma communities suffer from higher rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and related impairments and limitations in daily activities. Purpose of the article is to study and analyze health risk factors: body mass index, blood pressure and blood glucose among the Roma population in small cities in Bulgaria. Material/Methods: In May 2015, a community-based approach was applied, and all adult residents of the Roma neighborhood of the town of Knezha, district of Pleven, were invited to participate. Only the persons who agreed to participate (59) or about 9% of the adult residents of Roma origin are included. By measuring BMI, blood pressure and blood glucose, the collection of primary data was done. The statistical processing of the data with Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and STATGRAPHICS-19 centurion software packages was performed. The significance of the results and conclusions was determined at p<0.05. Results: The Roma population is characterized by an unfavorable risk constellation and a health profile. Over two thirds (77.1%) of the participants in the study have BMI values above the normal. There is a high relative share of people with hypertension – 42.3% of Roma people covered. Elevated levels of blood sugar were found in almost 40% of the people observed: in equal relative shares are presented the persons with impaired glucose tolerance (prediabetic) and diabetes mellitus – respectively 18.7%. Conclusions: The study found a wide distribution of unhealthy factors of lifestyle among Roma population, and particularly alarming results are established regarding to the health of the Roma women.
30
Hotun, I. A., and A. M. Kazymir. "RESULTS OF THE WORKS OF THE LAST SEASONS IN THE SETTLEMENTS OF OUTSKIRTS OF KIEV." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 30, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 140–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.01.12.
Full textAbstract:
Works of the last quarter of XX century, persuasively proved that the socio-economic development of the villages of the south-Russ reached a high level, having conditioned their parity relations with towns. Unlike the West European model, in the cities of Eastern Europe, according to experts, they were the centers of the agricultural surrounding, which facilitated their determination as collective feudal castles. Therefore, researchers should not set villages against towns, but consider them in a formational unity. An example of a rural agglomeration where the resources of the capital of the principality were concentrated is a group of settlements between the Dnieper and the lower reaches of the Desna, providing the necessary raw materials and products for the Chernigov dynasty. Undoubtedly, the capital metropolis had an analogue of such a resource zone, but it has been studied much worse.
Until recently, the rural district of Kiev was represented in Predslavyne and Teremky, not documented in Kremenyshche, an early stage of the excavations of the Sophiyivska Borshchagivka and small works on a few other monuments, which were explored in small volumes, and some of them could represent the outskirts of neighboring fortified centers, not of Kiev. Therefore, excavations since 2007 by the Northern Expedition of the IA NASU of the Hodosivka-Roslavske settlement, and since 2010 — of the Sofiyivska Borshchagivka have provided a large incremental of the sources on this topic. Sufficiently science-intensive materials have also been obtained in the recent studies.
In course of the works, residential buildings were studied: a part of them had small room as an additional premises next to the main chamber, one of the constructions on the Borshchagivka settlement consisted of two main chambers. The dwellings were heated with clay ovens, located, where it was possible to trace them, in the corner near the entrance. Noted was one case of placing the heating structure in the far corner with its further transferring to the near one. Near the residential buildings household, grain buildings and pits were erected.
Characteristics of agricultural activities can be understood from the findings of the tips of tools for soil handling and harvesting. The paleoethnobotanical spectrum is represented by six types of cereals and peas. Animal breeding is marked by spits and bones belonging to a horse, a pig, large and small cattle. Bones of cats and dogs were also found. Prey for hunters from S. Borshchagivka and Hodosivka were 4 and 15 species of mammals, as well as 4 and 13 species of birds, 5 more species of ornithofauna from Hodosivka were unlikely to be an object of hunting. Fixed are 14 species of fish, of rodents — 8, 5 of herpetofauna. arrowheads attribute to hunting, —hooks — to fishing, nets — to sinkers, other tools attributing to ice chisels. The tools found indicate the development of spinning, weaving, making clothes and shoes, processing products.
In the studied settlements, developing were ferrous metallurgy, processing of non-ferrous metals, wood, bones, wood chemical industries, and the population of Hodosivka-Roslavske was also engaged in making beads, inserts and crosses made of amber.
The ceramic complex includes various types of kitchen, dining and container ware, among which some very fine specimens are found. Some of the products are covered with a layer of watering, in Hodosivka there are quite a few, even more — with its individual stripes, drops and sprays. Fragments of imported vessels, as well as glass cups were fixed, and in S. Borshchagivka — wooden products of the specific purpose. Among the findings are household appliances, universal tools, tools of crafts, decorations and costume elements. The number of fragments of glass bracelets in Hodosivka exceeds the figures of many similar towns. There are imported things: beads of oriental origin, in Hodosivka settlement — fibula of bronze sheet, characteristic for the synchronous population of the Baltic lands, a pin with topping shaped as a little duck, a ring-shaped brooch with inserts of glass, a knife-shaped pendant with a pointed ending, which findings in the south of Russia are sporadic. At both spots fragments of plinth and floor tiles were found, on Borshchagivka — also cubes of smalt. A lot of items of armament and harness of the battle horse have been found. A range of subjects of personal piety of Christians and things of pagan cults is collected. Remarkable are, from Borshchagivka — a steatite cross of a pilgrim to the Holy Land, from Hodosivka — a sewn metal cross with the Crucifixion of Volto Santo — a sign of a pilgrim to a shrine in Tuscany and a copy of the mother-of-pearl cross of a visitor to Palestine from a clam that inhabits the northern rivers of Europe and America. Numerous keys and fragments of locks evidence quite a high wealth of the population.
In addition to the materials of the Old Rus and Mongolian-Lithuanian times, those related to the preceding epochs were also found.
The data obtained makes it possible to trace the development of the material and some aspects of the spiritual culture of inhabitants of the Kiev surroundings of the Middle Ages.
31
Purwiningsih, Dwi Wahyu. "Perbandingan Pengomposan Metode Karung Goni Dengan Pengomposan Di Atas Tanah Pada Sistem Aerobik." Jurnal Kesehatan Poltekkes Ternate 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32763/juke.v10i2.53.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Background: Garbage is still a problem in the cities in Indonesia is no exception in the city of Ternate, waste generation generated by the people of Ternate town that is transported to the landfill is 226 m3 / day, with the level of service 57% of the total community of Ternate CPM, 2015). Good waste management alternatives to deal with this problem one of them by using appropriate technology. One of the appropriate technology that can be applied is the use of composting media in the form of burlap sacks.
Benefits of Research: test the theory of composting by using various media for aerobic composting.
Research location: in Environmental Health Department of Poltekkes Ternate.
Research Method: This type of experimental research using Posstest Only Control Design design. Processing and presentation of data in this study is the amount of compost produced from the composting process is weighed and differentiated according to media type and MOL then presented in table form and narrated.
Research Result: Demonstrate the most compost-producing medium is the burlap sack with the addition of MOL Tape Ubi and the least is by ground composting with the addition of MOL Pineapple, the time used in the composting process for 20 days.
Conclusions: The average number of the most widely produced compost is randomly sacked with MOL Tape Ubi, MOL Terasi MOL Pineapple and control.
Keywords: Garbage, Composting, Sackbox Media
32
J. Gwaleba, Method. "Urban Growth in Tanzania: Exploring Challenges, Opportunities and Management." International Journal of Social Science Studies 6, no. 12 (November 20, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v6i12.3783.
Full textAbstract:
Tanzania cities and towns are rapidly urbanizing. This urbanization is manifest of rural-to-urban migration as well as natural population increase. The perceived lack of opportunities in rural areas has been identified as the main push factors for Tanzanians to move from rural areas to urban cities and towns. Urban management practice will increasingly need to account for direct and indirect impacts of urban growth in Tanzania cities and towns. The objective of this paper is to pinpoint the challenges and opportunities of the urban growth in cities and towns in Tanzania.The discussion of this paper is mainly based on critical review of the literature and original data derived from Baruti settlement in Dar es Salaam City. The review of the documents whether published or not published depended on its status to provide a critical analysis of urban growth challenges and opportunities in Tanzania. The Primary data were gathered using 79 using semi-structured interviews with both open and closed ended questions. The questionnaires were administered by the researcher through face-to-face sessions with the respondents. A purposive sampling technique was adopted in this study. The reason for selecting the purposive sampling technique was based on the respondents’ involvement in urban development project. The quantitative data collected through the use of questionnaire to supplement qualitative data were summarized and organized by using spread sheet template for detailed analysis. The critical qualitative analysis was built on both the secondary and primary data sources to addresses the research questions. A descriptive technique for data analysis was adopted where findings were represented in tables, graphs and texts.While unperfected urbanization surpass the way inhabitants interact and live in cities and towns, urban management addresses the social, economical and environmental challenges that emerge with the continued urbanization in Tanzania cities and towns such that human activities could be more socially liable, economically sound and environmentally friendly over a long period of time in the future.
33
Nadaf, F. M., and Venkatesh G. Prabhu Gaonkar. "Analysis and Prediction of Land Cover Changes using the Land Change Modeler (LCM): A Case Study of Candolim, Bardez-Goa, India." Disaster Advances 15, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1508da019028.
Full textAbstract:
Earth is changing ever since it is born. Once entire earth was covered by molten material which later took the shape of the lithosphere. The primordial lithosphere had only land and water as land cover and later other land covers such as forests, grasslands, wetlands etc. took shape. With the humanization of the Earth, the landscape was used for development and conservation resulting in land use. Land is a fixed resource and every accessible piece of land has been utilized by man for his needs. The land use continues to change, today’s built-up area may have been agricultural land a decade ago or today’s plantation might have been forest. Detection of changes in the use of land will offer policymakers and planners to predict the future land cover and will help in the proper planning and management of towns and cities. Globally, the tour and travel industry has played an important role in bringing drastic changes in land use. Tourism leaves both constructive and destructive imprints on the environment. Of late, ‘beach tourism’ has fascinated a large number of travellers in the world. In Goa, tourism arrived immediately after its liberation in 1961 from the oppressive rule of the Portuguese with the appearance of 'Hippies' in Calangute, Anjuna, Vagator, Baga and Candolim villages of Bardez taluka. Tourism has played a vital role in the overall economic development of these villages and has led to change in the character of these villages. Hence, this study makes an in-depth analysis of the impact of tourism on the land use land cover in Candolim village of Bardez Taluka. The spatio-temporal analysis of land cover change is undertaken using Image Processing software Idrisi Selva 17.0 and ArcGIS 10.3. Landsat multitemporal satellite imageries of the year 2001 and 2021 and Google Earth data of the same period are used to define the current changes in the land use land cover patterns. ArcScene was used for 3D creation and modelling of Candolim village between the years 2001 and 2021. The study indicates that due to unplanned tourism growth, six land parcels such as the area under forestland, sandy beaches, barren land, agricultural land, plantations and shrub land have declined by 0.94, 2.33, 3.42, 1.52, 0.23 and 6.83 per cent respectively. Net change to Built-up land from different classes and cubic trend map of 2001 to 2021 depicts that shrub Land was more vulnerable to change into built-up land at a large scale.
34
Ramanna, G., and Ashok D. Hanjagi. "Urban trends: A case study of Karnataka." Geo Eye 8, no. 1 (June 15, 2019): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ge.v8i1.6.
Full textAbstract:
Towns and cities play a greater role in regional development of a state or country. A settlement with more than 75% of pupulation other than agricultural activites can be termed as town. Karnataka has good number of towns and cities but lack in million cities. Bangalore is the only million city, it is located in the most southern part of Karnataka. Urban influence is of varying nature, it may have its influence of agriculture, on industry, on administration and also on certain services like medical, cultural including educational, recretional, etc. The secondary data are collected from various government organizations the trend in which the towns and cities of Karnataka expanded and the urban agglomeration in the 2011 is given emphasis in this paper. Keywords: Urban agglomeration; urban primacy; urbanization
35
Alfaya, Luciano, Patricia Muniz, David Wilkes, Antia Martinez, and Camilo Fernandez. "Planning Mobility on Transboundary Shrinking Towns." International Journal of E-Planning Research 9, no. 4 (October 2020): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2020100104.
Full textAbstract:
Mobility plans have become an essential instrument for the urban planning of cities. Compared to other documents and by focusing on the improvement of public spaces, these plans can work as strategic documents for cities of diverse scales, especially in municipalities that decrease and consequentially cannot trust their reorganization to new developments. This article poses the double objective of assessing the differences between proximity planning in five plans carried out in small-size Spanish municipalities, and spatial planning in the Galicia-North of Portugal transboundary plan. To this end, the results of the surveys carried out and the origin-destination matrixes are analyzed, looking closely at the similarities obtained between the digital and the on-site data. Therefore, it is possible to confirm that the digital data is useful regarding urban planning for territories with dispersed population, even where two countries are involved.
36
Dong, Qidi, Jun Cai, Linjia Wu, Di Li, and Qibing Chen. "Quantitative Identification of Rural Functions Based on Big Data: A Case Study of Dujiangyan Irrigation District in Chengdu." Land 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030386.
Full textAbstract:
Urbanization increases the scales of urban spaces and the sizes of their populations, causing the functions in cities and towns to be in short supply. This study carries out functional space identification on the Dujiangyan elite irrigation area based on remote sensing data and point of interest (POI) data from Open Street Map (OSM), enabling the use of POI data to analyze rural functional spaces. Research and development and big data can greatly improve the accuracy of spatial function recognition, but research on rural spaces has limitations regarding the amount of available data. The Dujiangyan Irrigation District has low spatial aggregation levels for functions, scattered functions and linear distributions along roads. The mixing degrees of regional functions are low, the connections between functional elements are insufficient, and the comprehensive functional quality is low. The features of various functional elements in the region are significant, mostly in the discrete distribution mode, and functional compounding has become a trend. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate spatial resources and improve the centrality of cities and towns to realize the optimal allocation of resources and enable the development of surrounding cities and towns.
37
Burton, Elizabeth. "Measuring Urban Compactness in UK Towns and Cities." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29, no. 2 (April 2002): 219–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b2713.
Full textAbstract:
Although promotion of the compact city is now enshrined in land-use planning policy in many countries, including the United Kingdom, there is little evidence to support the many claims in its favour. In seeking to provide empirical data to advance the debate, one of the key problems researchers face is the task of measuring urban compactness. Research on the compact city is hampered both by a lack of consensus on its meaning and by the absence of recognised indicators for measuring it. This paper describes the development of a large set of urban compactness indicators used in an investigation of social sustainability outcomes in twenty-five English towns and cities. The paper begins by identifying and defining the different aspects of urban compactness, then outlines the indicators (including sources and methods) used for measuring each of these aspects. Finally, the values of these indicators for a range of English towns and cities are presented and reviewed. The aim of the paper is to contribute methodological tools to the compact city debate and provide a model for further research, essential in this field.
38
Chendrayudu, N., and T. Chandrasekarayya. "TREND AND GROWTH PATTERN OF POPULATION IN MILLION PLUS CITIES OF INDIA-AN OVERVIEW." Geo Eye 9, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ge.v9i1.3.
Full textAbstract:
Urbanization can also be defined as the rapid and massive growth of urban population and migration to towns/large cities. Urbanization is the process where an increasing percentage of a population lives in cities and suburbs. This process is often linked to industrialization and modernization, as large numbers of people leave agriculture work and live in cities. Urbanization is also facilitated by improvements in surplus agriculture, as cities are always dependent upon external farming for food. The larger cities have attracted a significant proportion of migrants in their population as respect their status. The present paper examines Trend and growth pattern of population in million plus cities of India based on census data during 1901-2011. The findings show that the urban population uneven and huge portion of population inhabited in major cities. Keywords: Population; Urbanisation; Urban Agglomeration; Growth; Towns and Million pus cities
39
Антонова, И., and I. Antonova. "REGIONS WITH HIGH CONCENTRATION OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS: PROBLEMS OF DATA QUALITY IMPROVEMENT." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2018, no. 3 (April 25, 2018): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2018-3-62-68.
Full textAbstract:
With all the diversity of studies of single-industry towns’ development problems, little attention has been given to the quality of statistical data: neither the selective character of official statistics nor the difference between a single-industry town and a municipality are taken into account. The latter makes it impossible to use mathematical methods to simulate the spatial development of towns. The purpose of the current research is to identify the problems of assessment for regions with high concentration of monotowns and to introduce some ways of improving the quality of data by using the case of the Kemerovo region. Research methods include collection and grouping of data on the single-industry towns of the Kemerovo region taking into account the administrative-territorial division of the region, the construction of the logarithmic model of distribution of cities and towns according to the «rank-size» rule and evaluation compliance of the received distribution with the Zipf rule. As a result of research, the author proposes directions of improvement of data on towns and obtained results. In particular, the study specifies the conformity of Kuzbass towns to the Zipf law. The results can be applied in the field of forecasting and management of single-industry towns’ development at the regional level.
40
Dogaru, Vasile, and Ioan Silviu Dobosi. "Energy metrics for European residential buildings for cities, towns&suburbs and rural areas – the case of Romania." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106077.
Full textAbstract:
The report of The International Energy Agency summarizes the energy use for European Union cities in 2006 by 1259 Mtoe (3.46 toe per capita) and predicts an yearly increase by 0.73% until 2015 and by 0.4% between 2016-2030. The projection for the first increase has not been reached for EU residential urban buildings. The world energy use for buildings is about 40%. Some EU countries have no disaggregated data for urban-rural areas, for cities, towns and suburbs and rural areas. We are modeling Romania’s residential building energy between 2001-2016 for the three levels mentioned above. In the following period, the rural buildings energy per capita will overcome the urban level of cities, towns and suburbs in Romania, in line with other EU countries. The distinct metrics for employees and pensioners were modeled by policy makers in cities, towns and suburbs and rural areas. The quantity of energy use was also modeled for the three levels. The downwards trend for household energy use in cities as compared to rural areas is identified for the 2001-2016 period for Romania. The EU energy use figures for cities will underline the more efficient allocation of structural funds for the next programming period 2021-2027.
41
Zhu, Dao Chang, Ming Che, and Jia Li. "The Design and Implementation of an Environmental Information Collection and Dissemination Terminal Based on Mobile Platform." Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (May 2014): 2135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.2135.
Full textAbstract:
This paper introduces a portable environmental information collection and dissemination terminal based on embedded hardware platform, which uses wireless mobile communication link, builds data link, receives the collected and analyzed data from a Towns and Villages Environmental Multi-source Data Processing Base (TVEMDPB) which locates in the monitoring area. Then the terminal displays these data reasonably and vividly through a variety means. At the same time, the terminal integrates GPS and related data processing module to provide information feedback for the Towns and Villages Environmental Multi-source Data Processing Base. By doing this we can build portable terminal platform which can send environmental information and emergency instructions. And the terminal will form a mobile node of the environmental information system. In the end, achieve the seamless connectivity between the distributed towns’ and villages’ environmental early warning system and the monitoring data, real-time evaluation and warning for the towns’ and villages’ environmental pollution.
42
Osmanov, I. H. "ECONOMIC – MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE OPTIMAL PLACEMENT AND DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL CAPACITIES OF AN ENTERPRISES FOR THE PROCESSING OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASRE (MSW) AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL." Construction economic and environmental management, no. 3 (2021): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2519-4453-2020-3-23-27.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers an economic and mathematical model of optimal placement and determination of rational capacities of enterprises for processing solid household waste (SHW) at the regional level. The economic and mathematical model takes into account: factors that ensure the achievement of economic efficiency; ensuring environmental safety of the environment, the population of cities and towns. Environmental safety of SHW processing plants is of the utmost importance, since Crimea is a resort and recreation area. The role of state bodies in solving these urgent problems for the Crimea is considered.
43
Przeybilovicz, Erico, Wesley Vieira da Silva, and Maria Alexandra Cunha. "Limits and Potential for eGov and Smart City in Local Government." International Journal of E-Planning Research 4, no. 2 (April 2015): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2015040103.
Full textAbstract:
This study explore ICT infrastructure in the towns of Paraná State, reflecting on the potential and limits of ICT in the local government and the possibilities of these cities developing into smart cities. A quantitative study was conducted using multivariate data analysis techniques. The data are secondary and were obtained through a Municipal Basic Information Study in Brazil in 2012. The main result was the identification of five distinct municipal clusters in terms of ICT use and infrastructure. The size of a town is not a determining factor for towns to use and make web based services available to its citizens. Many towns remain lacking in basic infrastructure, with every profile showing different needs. There are a few strong patterns of eGov development and local conditions that could be treated as the foundation for some different policy packages that would be appropriate in these five situations. There are aspects that characterize the challenges and potential of towns than the emphasis placed on eGov. These aspects should be considered in studies of eGov and smart city.
44
Svetlava A., Khubulova, Sosranova Zalina V., and Khubulova Eda V. "Small towns of North Ossetia in the system of socio-economic development of the North Ossetian ASSR." Kavkazologiya 2022, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2022-3-204-217.
Full textAbstract:
The article studies the problems of the emergence and further development of small towns on the territory of the North Ossetian ASSR. For the first time, the sources introduced allow us to trace the dynamics of the process of the emergence of small towns on the territory of the North Ossetian ASSR. It was found that the separation from the total mass of rural settlements as a transfer to the position of urban settlements did not happen by chance. In several settlements by this time, there were several large, economically designed enterprises that could become city-forming. These in-clude factories for processing non-ferrous metal ores in Alagir, an oil refinery in Mozdok, canner-ies in Ardon, etc. It was found that some settlements specialized in processing agricultural prod-ucts, while others became quite large industrial zones in the republic. In the pre-war years (1938), the small town of Alagir appeared. This is because the re-equipment of military equipment required a large amount of non-ferrous metal ores, manganese, etc. For their modern extraction and processing, new enterprises were created, which became the core of new settlements-cities. Other small towns appeared on the map with the ASSR in 1950 and 1964. Thus, the city of Beslan was a major railway interchange through which the movement of goods, passenger traffic, etc. was carried out. In addition, a maize mill successfully operated in Beslan, which ranked sec-ond in Europe in terms of capacity. The cities of Ardon and Digora played a much smaller eco-nomic role, which in the 1960s and 1970s found themselves in a transitional situation. In these small settlements, the influence of the traditional rural way of life was still strong. However, the process of transition to the state of urban life was gaining momentum.
45
Baranauskienė, Viktorija, and Dovilė Krupickaitė. "Specific features of dialectal regional self-consciousness in cities and towns of Lithuania (based on sociolinguistic data)." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 1 (October 25, 2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2012.17252.
Full textAbstract:
In the world which globalizes and levels out the differences of language dialects, their usage becomes an expression of a natural ethnic identity. The studies of their actual changes can reveal the ongoing processes in society. Unfortunately, studies of this kind are very few. To the authors’ knowledge, there has been no research focusing on regional patterns of dialect usage. Based on the data provided by the research project Sociolinguistic Map of Lithuania: Towns and Villages, the authors analyse the use of dialects in 67 towns of Lithuania with the population exceeding 3,000 people. The aim of the article is to determine regional peculiarities of sociolinguistic use and attitudes towards dialects, i.e. the distribution patterns of regional identity.The first section of the article is devoted to the opinions about the links of the distribution of the most beautiful, most common, most prestigious and hardly understandable dialects to the ethnographic regional structure of Lithuania. It has been determined that in smaller Lithuanian towns, especially the ones situated in the regional kernels, the usage of the dialects is still vital and regional identity is still very strong, whereas the residents of big towns, except Klaipėda, value the dialect of the region of their origin more than the dialect of their current region. The Žemaitija and Aukštaitija regions are dialectically strongest in Lithuania. Their dialects tend to spread. Meanwhile, the positions of the dialect in the small region of Dzūkija and regional identity of its population are weaker.The second section analyses opinions about the value of dialects and the necessity to preserve them. The residents of regions and towns with homogeneous ethnic structure are more determined to encourage the younger generation to use their native dialect. The same attitude is also characteristic of the population residing in kernels of regions.
46
Hu, Di. "Identification of Shrinking Cities on the Main Island of Taiwan Based on Census Data and Population Registers: A Spatial Analysis." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100694.
Full textAbstract:
At the end of the 20th century, the phenomenon of urban shrinkage received widespread attention, with population decline as its core characteristic. In 2020, the Taiwanese population had negative growth and faced a low fertility rate and an aging population. This study used exploratory spatial data analysis to identify shrinking cities in Taiwan based on census data and population registers. The results indicated that Taiwan has 11 shrinking counties and 202 shrinking towns. Urban shrinkage occurred in the 1980s and continued from the suburbanization stage to the re-urbanization stage. Five types of spatial patterns in the 11 shrinking counties were observed. In the majority of the shrinking counties, towns with high population densities were unable to avoid shrinkage. A global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that shrinkage and non-shrinkage have become increasingly apparent at the town level since 2005. A local spatial autocorrelation analysis indicates that the spatial clustering of towns with population growth or decline from 2000 to 2020 has changed. Based on each town’s development, a two-step cluster analysis was conducted in which all towns were divided into four categories. Shrinking towns exist in each category, but with a different proportion. Based on the results of two-step cluster analysis combined with spatial analysis, this study discovered that both urbanization and suburbanization cause shrinkage in Taiwan, but the affected localities are distinct. For most shrinking counties, their spatial model indicates a relationship between shrinking and the urbanization of their towns. Keelung City and Chiayi City have the most potential to reverse the shrinkage. This study helps authorities better manage growth and implement regional revitalization.
47
Bartosiewicz, Bartosz, Agnieszka Kwiatek-Sołtys, and Sławomir Kurek. "Does the process of shrinking concern also small towns? lessons from Poland." Quaestiones Geographicae 38, no. 4 (December 26, 2019): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/quageo-2019-0039.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The approach to the issue of shrinking cities is undergoing constant changes. Originally, this process was referred primarily to the progressing depopulation connected with a deteriorating economic situation. Presently, works on shrinking cities mainly focus on the challenges posed by the problem rather than the delimitation questions. Do the shrinking also apply to the situation of small towns, and if so, to what extent may small towns shrink? Being conscious of the multidimensional nature of the topic discussed, the authors took measures aimed at singling out a group of shrinking towns from the whole set of small towns in Poland. The identification of depopulating centres consisted in pointing to those shrinking both in terms of their demography and economy. This type of research gives rise to all types of methodological problems such as which tools should be used to measure town shrinking or which data should be selected for the research, an issue particularly important for small towns where the range of indicators available is rather limited. What conclusions may be drawn from the conducted analysis? Do small towns in Poland shrink? On the basis of the conducted research the answer is no. With regard to demography, the process of shrinking concerns only 30 towns (4.5%). And this group includes only four which additionally shrink in economic terms.
48
ALDRICH, DANIEL P. "A Normal Accident or a Sea-Change? Nuclear Host Communities Respond to the 3/11 Disaster." Japanese Journal of Political Science 14, no. 2 (May 10, 2013): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109913000066.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWhile 3/11 has altered energy policies around the world, insufficient attention has focused on reactions from local nuclear power plant host communities and their neighbors throughout Japan. Using site visits to such towns, interviews with relevant actors, and secondary and tertiary literature, this article investigates the community crisis management strategies of two types of cities, towns, and villages: those which have nuclear plants directly in their backyards and neighboring cities further away (within a 30 mile radius). Responses to the disaster have varied with distance to nuclear facilities but in a way contrary to the standard theories based on the concept of the ‘distance decay function’. Officials in communities directly proximal to nuclear power plants by and large remain supportive of Japan's nuclear power program, while those in cities and towns at a distance (along with much of the general public) have displayed strong opposition to the pre 3/11 status quo. Using qualitative data, this article underscores how national energy and crisis response policies rest strongly on the political economy, experiences of, and decisions made at the subnational level.
49
Knetsch, Thomas A. "Compilation of Commercial Property Price Indices for Germany Tailored for Policy Use." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 241, no. 4 (February 26, 2021): 437–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2019-0072.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The compilation of commercial property price indices (CPPIs) is challenging. Policymakers urge for timely, reliable and comprehensive data. In Germany, lack of data prevents the calculation of official figures by the national statistical authority. Different applications of price indices need different definitions of commercial real estate. CPPIs according to these definitions are constructed on the basis of existing data for 127 German towns and cities (that cover about one-third of German population). The overall price developments revealed by the various indices are rather similar in terms of central time series characteristics, while differences in detail can be explained by their specific compositions. Price increases for all definitions have been strongest in the seven largest cities. The definitions tend to lead to more marked differences for medium-sized towns.
50
Manulangga, Oktavina G. LP. "Estimasi Timbulan Sampah dan Luas Lahan Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah (TPA) di Kota Kupang." INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 1, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v1i2.255.
Full textAbstract:
The city of Kupang is one of the developing cities and this has an effect on people's lifestyles and consumption patterns. The increasing purchasing power and competitiveness of the community towards various types of basic materials and technological products make a major contribution so that it indirectly contributes to the quality and quantity of waste. The final waste processing site (TPA) in Kupang City is located in Alak District with an area of 9.14 Ha and has been operating since 1998. Based on DLHK calculation data, the amount of waste generated every day is 86 tons of waste. The operation of the Alak TPA uses the controlled landfill method, but in practice the waste that enters the TPA does not go through a sorting and recycling process, but is directly disposed of in a landfill which is then covered with white soil and pressed with heavy equipment. The generation of waste in Kupang City has increased every year because not all waste can be managed properly. The problem of waste management in Kupang City is the limited capacity at the TPA, the slow processing of waste, and the increasing volume of waste, so that it is necessary to carry out a systematic, comprehensive and sustainable waste management including limiting waste generation, recycling waste, and/or reuse. rubbish. Determination of the location of the urban waste landfill must pay attention to the city development plan, the economic capacity of the local government as well as the physical and geological conditions of the planned area and must be in accordance with the planned period so that there is no accumulation of waste that can have an impact on health, environment and social and economics due to lack of land availability for waste disposal. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the amount of waste generated in the City of Kupang and determine the need for land area to accommodate waste in landfills according to the plan period. Based on the results of the study, the total amount of waste generated in the planning year period was 8,336,498.4 m3 with a landfill area of 63.92 Ha, and a buffer area of 15.98 Ha. The soil covering the waste layer to be compacted in the TPA on the surface of the waste is about 15 m from the thickness of the pile.