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Williams, Aerik A., John R. Cohn, Shirley M. Fung, and Patricia Padams. "The Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy with Cat Dander in Reducing Symptoms in Clinical Practice." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/324207.
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Background. Allergy to cat dander is a common form of allergic disease. Allergen immunotherapy has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing allergic symptoms.Objectives. To examine outcomes in allergic asthmatic patients on cat immunotherapy (CIT) compared to allergic asthmatics on traditional immunotherapy (IT) without cat sensitivity.Methods. A retrospective review identified allergic asthmatics on CIT for at least three years. An equal number of allergic asthmatics on IT were identified for comparison. Outcomes investigated include measurements of risk of asthma exacerbation.Results. Thirty-five patients were identified in each group. There were no differences in the CIT group versus the comparison group regarding total number of prednisone tapers (18 tapers versus 14 tapers, resp.), number of patients requiring prednisone tapers (10 patients versus 10 patients, resp.), total number of acute visits (29 visits versus 38 visits, resp.), and number of patients requiring acute visits (15 patients versus 21 patients, resp.). When stratified by concomitant ICS use, patients on CIT were less likely to require an acute visit (46% versus 78%, resp.).Conclusions. Allergic asthmatics with cat sensitivity on CIT with close dander exposure have similar risk of asthma exacerbation compared to allergic asthmatics without cat sensitivity on immunotherapy.
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Griffiths, Elizabeth A., Vivek Roy, Laura Alwan, Kimo Bachiashvili, John Baird, Rita Cool, Shira Dinner, et al. "NCCN Guidelines® Insights: Hematopoietic Growth Factors, Version 1.2022." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 20, no. 5 (May 2022): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2022.0026.
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The NCCN Guidelines for Hematopoietic Growth Factors provide recommendations for the appropriate use of growth factors in the clinical management of febrile neutropenia (FN), chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT), and chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA). Management and prevention of these sequelae are an integral part of supportive care for many patients undergoing cancer treatment. The purpose of these guidelines is to operationalize the evaluation, prevention, and treatment of FN, CIT, and CIA in adult patients with nonmyeloid malignancies and to enable the patient and clinician to assess management options for FN, CIT, and CIA in the context of an individual patient’s condition. These NCCN Guidelines Insights provide a summary of the important recent updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Hematopoietic Growth Factors, with particular emphasis on the incorporation of a newly developed section on CIT.
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VEMURI, S., P. PADAMS, S. FUNG, and J. COHN. "Cat Immunotherapy (CIT) in Clinical Practice." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 121, no. 2 (February 2008): S126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.504.
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Bhoi, Biswanath, Bosung Kim, Hae-Chan Jeon, and Sang-Koog Kim. "Coupling-induced transparency and absorption in a magnon–multiphoton hybrid system." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 24 (December 28, 2022): 243901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0122360.
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Coupling-induced transparency (CIT) and absorption (CIA) of transmission signals were experimentally observed in a single planar hybrid structure specially designed to consist of a yttrium iron garnet film and three concentric inverted-split-ring resonators (ISRRs). The observation of both CIT and CIA was ascribed to the cooperative effect of the interaction of magnons with three decoupled ISRRs' photon modes and the traveling waves along the microstripline. An analytical model developed based on the balance between the coherent and dissipative multiple-paths interactions precisely reproduced both CIT and CIA experimentally observed from a single hybrid system. This work, promisingly, can provide guidance for the design of efficient, flexible, and well-controllable magnon–photon hybrid devices that are highly in demand for applications to quantum technologies currently under development.
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MATSUURA, KIYOKATA. "CIT project." Kakuyūgō kenkyū 60, no. 2 (1988): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1585/jspf1958.60.103.
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Wang, Tien-Ni, Yu-Lun Chen, Jeng-Yi Shieh, and Hao-Ling Chen. "Commercial Exergaming in Home-Based Pediatric Constraint-Induced Therapy: A Randomized Trial." OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health 41, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1539449220984110.
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Constraint-induced therapy (CIT) is highly effective yet not accessible to many families. Integrating commercial exergaming in home-based CIT may support the availability and attainability of the intervention. The study compared the effects of supplementary use of Nintendo Wii in home-based CIT with dose-equivalent conventional CIT. Eighteen children with cerebral palsy were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of CIT (CIT) or 4 weeks of CIT, followed by 4 weeks of Wii-augmented CIT (CIT-Wii). Outcome measures included the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (Manual Dexterity), the ABILHAND-Kids, the WeeFIM (Self-Care), the Test of Playfulness, the Engagement Questionnaire, and the Parenting Stress Index–Short Form. Both groups significantly improved motor outcomes and playfulness. The CIT group demonstrated greater improvement in self-care skills, whereas parental stress decreased only in the CIT-Wii group. CIT-Wii yields no significant difference in treatment effects from conventional CIT and may provide psychosocial benefits.
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Weyers, Michael L., and Andriette M. van den Berg. "The success factors in community work services." International Social Work 49, no. 2 (March 2006): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872806061225.
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English The article contains the results of a study in which the critical incident technique (CIT) was used to determine success factors in community work services. The results were also compared with those of a typical opinion survey. The CIT proved to be a more neutral and effective research tool. French Cet article révèle les résultats d'une recherche pour laquelle la technique d'incidents critiques (TIC) a été utilisée afin de déterminer les facteurs de succès dans la dispensation des services communautaires. Les résultats ont également été comparés à ceux d'un sondage d'opinions dites typiques. Cette étude prouve que la TIC est un instrument plus neutre et plus efficace que le sondage d'opinions typiques. Spanish Se dan los resultados de un estudio en el que se usó la técnica de incidente cr'tico (critical incident technique, CIT) para identificar factores que influyen el éxito de servicios de trabajo comunitario. Los resultados se compararon también con los de una encuesta de opinión t'pica. La CIT probó ser un instrumento de investigación más neutral y efectivo.
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Margari, Andrea, Anna Grazia Monteduro, Silvia Rizzato, Loredana Capobianco, Alessio Crestini, Roberto Rivabene, Paola Piscopo, et al. "The Encapsulation of Citicoline within Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Enhances Its Capability to Counteract the 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091827.
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(1) Backgrond: Considering the positive effects of citicoline (CIT) in the management of some neurodegenerative diseases, the aim of this work was to develop CIT-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (CIT-SLNs) for enhancing the therapeutic use of CIT in parkinsonian syndrome; (2) Methods: CIT-SLNs were prepared by the melt homogenization method using the self-emulsifying lipid Gelucire® 50/13 as lipid matrix. Solid-state features on CIT-SLNs were obtained with FT-IR, thermal analysis (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies. (3) Results: CIT-SLNs showed a mean diameter of 201 nm, −2.20 mV as zeta potential and a high percentage of entrapped CIT. DSC and XRPD analyses evidenced a greater amorphous state of CIT in CIT-SLNs. On confocal microscopy, fluorescent SLNs replacing unlabeled CIT-SLNs released the dye selectively in the cytoplasm. Biological evaluation showed that pre-treatment of SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells with CIT-SLNs (50 µM) before the addition of 40 µM 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to mimic Parkinson’s disease’s degenerative pathways counteracts the cytotoxic effects induced by the neurotoxin, increasing cell viability with the consistent maintenance of both nuclear and cell morphology. In contrast, pre-treatment with CIT 50 and 60 µM or plain SLNs for 2 h followed by 6-OHDA (40 µM) did not significantly influence cell viability. (4) Conclusions: These data suggest an enhanced protection exerted by CIT-SLNs with respect to free CIT and prompt further investigation of possible molecular mechanisms that underlie this difference.
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Le Plénier, Servane, Arthur Goron, Athanassia Sotiropoulos, Eliane Archambault, Chantal Guihenneuc, Stéphane Walrand, Jérome Salles, et al. "Citrulline directly modulates muscle protein synthesis via the PI3K/MAPK/4E-BP1 pathway in a malnourished state: evidence from in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro studies." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 312, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): E27—E36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00203.2016.
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Citrulline (CIT) is an endogenous amino acid produced by the intestine. Recent literature has consistently shown CIT to be an activator of muscle protein synthesis (MPS). However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Our working hypothesis was that CIT might regulate muscle homeostasis directly through the mTORC1/PI3K/MAPK pathways. Because CIT undergoes both interorgan and intraorgan trafficking and metabolism, we combined three approaches: in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. Using a model of malnourished aged rats, CIT supplementation activated the phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4E-BP1 in muscle. Interestingly, the increase in S6K1 phosphorylation was positively correlated ( P < 0.05) with plasma CIT concentration. In a model of isolated incubated skeletal muscle from malnourished rats, CIT enhanced MPS (from 30 to 80% CIT vs. Ctrl, P < 0.05), and the CIT effect was abolished in the presence of wortmannin, rapamycin, and PD-98059. In vitro, on myotubes in culture, CIT led to a 2.5-fold increase in S6K1 phosphorylation and a 1.5-fold increase in 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Both rapamycin and PD-98059 inhibited the CIT effect on S6K1, whereas only LY-294002 inhibited the CIT effect on both S6K1 and 4E-BP1. These findings show that CIT is a signaling agent for muscle homeostasis, suggesting a new role of the intestine in muscle mass control.
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Moinard, C., I. Nicolis, N. Neveux, S. Darquy, S. Bénazeth, and L. Cynober. "Dose-ranging effects of citrulline administration on plasma amino acids and hormonal patterns in healthy subjects: the Citrudose pharmacokinetic study." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 4 (October 22, 2007): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507841110.
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Previous experimental studies have highlighted that citrulline (CIT) could be a promising pharmaconutrient. However, its pharmacokinetic characteristics and tolerance to loading have not been studied to date. The objective was to characterise the plasma kinetics of CIT in a multiple-dosing study design and to assess the effect of CIT intake on the concentrations of other plasma amino acids (AA). The effects of CIT loading on anabolic hormones were also determined. Eight fasting healthy males underwent four separate oral loading tests (2, 5, 10 or 15 g CIT) in random order. Blood was drawn ten times over an 8 h period for measurement of plasma AA, insulin and growth hormone (Gh). Urine samples were collected before CIT administration and over the next 24 h. None of the subjects experienced side effects whatever the CIT dose. Concerning AA, only CIT, ornithine (ORN) and arginine (ARG) plasma concentrations were affected (maximum concentration 146 (sem 8) to 303 (sem 11) μmol/l (ARG) and 81 (sem 4) to 179 (sem 10) μmol/l (ORN); time to reach maximum concentration 1·17 (sem 0·26) to 2·29 (sem 0·20) h (ARG) and 1·38 (sem 0·25) to 1·79 (sem 0·11) h (ORN) according to CIT dose). Even at high doses, urinary excretion of CIT remained low ( < 5 %). Plasma insulin and Gh were not affected by CIT administration. Short-term CIT administration is safe and well-tolerated. CIT is a potent precursor of ARG. However, at the highest doses, CIT accumulated in plasma while plasma ARG levels increased less than expected. This may be due to saturation of the renal conversion of CIT into ARG.
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Kawano, Yawara, Ilyas Sahin, Michele Moschetta, Jinhua Wang, Salomon Manier, Siobhan Glavey, Yuji Mishima, et al. "Citron Rho-Interacting Serine/Threonine kinase (CIT) Is a Novel Therapeutic Target in Multiple Myeloma Cells." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 3430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3430.3430.
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Abstract Introduction: Citron rho-interacting serine/threonine kinase (CIT) is a serine/threonine kinase which is a key component of the midbody and is essential for cytokinesis. CIT localizes to the central spindle and midbody and functions to promote efficient cytokinesis. CIT knockdown may disrupt cytokinesis and therefore cell growth. CIT has been reported to be upregulated and important for growth of several cancers. However, the significance of CIT has not been investigated in the field of multiple myeloma (MM). We therefore dissected the role of CIT in MM growth in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods: CIT gene expression in MM cells was compared to normal plasma cells using public-available gene expression profile (GEP) data set (GSE6477). Kaplan-Meier curve for MM patient survival between high and low CIT expressing patients were examined by using the GEP data set (GSE4581). Protein expression of CIT in MM cells was confirmed by proteomic analysis and immunohistochemistry. Knockdown of CIT was performed in MM cell lines MM1s and OPM2 using lentiviral shRNAs. CIT knockdown was confirmed by reduced CIT mRNA in comparison to a scrambled control. Differences in cell proliferation and cell cycle between CIT knockdown cells and scramble control were analyzed by using thymidine uptake and PI staining, respectively. Cytokinesis failure was analyzed by immunofluorescence using alpha-tubulin antibody and DAPI. shCIT OPM2 (n=7) and the scrambled control cells (n=8) were injected subcutaneously into SCID-Bg mice (5x106 cells/mouse) and were followed for tumor development and survival. Results: CIT expression was significantly higher in MM patients’ plasma cells compared to healthy donors in GEP (p=0.02), proteomic analysis and immunohistochemistry. Also CIT expression was higher in relapsed patients compared to newly diagnosed patients by GEP. MM patients with high CIT expression had significantly worse overall survival compared to low CIT expressing patients (p=0.04). CIT knockdown MM cell lines showed reduced cell proliferation and G2 cell cycle arrest by thymidine uptake and PI staining compared to the scrambled control. Significantly, large amount of multinucleated cells, which indicates cytokinesis failure, were observed in the CIT knockdown cells compared to scrambled control. Reduced tumor growth (p<0.001) and prolonged survival (p<0.001) was observed in CIT knockdown MM cell line injected mice. Conclusions: shRNA knockdown of CIT in MM cells induces G2 arrest leading to cytokinesis failure in vitro with reduced cell proliferation in vivo. Since MM cells have significantly higher expression of CIT compared to normal plasma cells, CIT represents a novel therapeutic target for MM. Studies are ongoing to develop drugs to target CIT for MM treatment. Disclosures Anderson: Celgene: Consultancy; Sanofi-Aventis: Consultancy; Onyx: Consultancy; Acetylon: Scientific Founder, Scientific Founder Other; Oncoprep: Scientific Founder Other; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy. Ghobrial:Onyx: Advisory board Other; BMS: Advisory board, Advisory board Other, Research Funding; Noxxon: Research Funding; Sanofi: Research Funding.
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Kapse, Kushal Shailendra. "e-MS-CIT." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 858–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.6147.
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Boitier, Daniel. "La la�cit�." Apr�s-demain N�33,NF, no. 1 (2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/apdem.033.0038.
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Schivell, J. "Bolometers for CIT." Review of Scientific Instruments 59, no. 8 (August 1988): 1872–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140092.
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Schmidt, John A., and D. Bruce Montgomery. "Status of CIT." Fusion Technology 19, no. 3P2A (May 1991): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst91-a29411.
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Preti, Alan. "Cit: Consciousness (review)." Philosophy East and West 55, no. 4 (2005): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2005.0041.
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Sahin, Ilyas, Yawara Kawano, Romanos Sklavenitis-Pistofidis, Michele Moschetta, Yuji Mishima, Salomon Manier, Antonio Sacco, et al. "Citron Rho-interacting kinase silencing causes cytokinesis failure and reduces tumor growth in multiple myeloma." Blood Advances 3, no. 7 (April 2, 2019): 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028456.
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Abstract Citron Rho-interacting serine/threonine kinase (CIT) is a serine/threonine kinase that acts as a key component of the midbody and is essential for cytokinesis. CIT has been reported to be highly expressed in some tumor tissues and to play a role in cancer proliferation; however, the significance of CIT has not been investigated in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we identified, by protein microarray and immunohistochemistry, that CIT is 1 of the upregulated proteins in the plasma cells of MM patients compared with healthy controls. Analysis of a gene expression profile data set showed that MM patients with high CIT gene expression had significantly worse overall survival compared with MM patients with low CIT gene expression. CIT silencing in MM cell lines induced cytokinesis failure and resulted in decreased MM cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. TP53 expression was found to be an independent predictor of CIT dependency, with low-TP53 cell lines exhibiting a strong dependency on CIT. This study provides the rationale for CIT being a potential therapeutic target in MM in future trials.
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Jiang, Ping, Xuhui Zhou, Jiandong Yang, and Lin Zhou. "Strength Characteristics of Cement-Modified Iron Tailings and Their Adsorption on Graphene Oxide." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i03.056.
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To explore the mechanical properties of cement-modified iron tailings (CIT) and its adsorption on graphene oxide (GO), the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests of CIT with 10% cement were carried out for 7 and 28 days. CIT adsorption of GO was carried out under the conditions of different pH, CIT dosage, and GO initial concentration. The micro characterization of CIT adsorption of GO was carried out by SEM, TEM, AFM, EDS, FT-IR, XRD, and XPS. The results show that: (1) the CIT strength of 28 d curing age is 1202 kPa is twice of 7 d. (2) At the same pH, the GO adsorption effect of CIT at 7 days curing age was better than that at 28 days. When pH is 6, CIT content is 50 mg, and GO initial concentration is 100 mg.L-1, CIT has the best adsorption effect on the GO, and the removal rate reached 93.5%. (3) Through microscopic characterization, it can be concluded that the bound water in the CIT structure and the asymmetric stretching vibration of the O-H bond in hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) are the main factors affecting the adsorption of GO. The above research results show that CIT not only has good strength properties but also has good adsorption properties for GO. CIT is a potential environmental treatment material.
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Fagundes, Daniele A., Liliam V. Leonel, Luis E. Fernandez-Outon, José D. Ardisson, and Raquel G. dos Santos. "Radiosensitizing effects of citrate-coated cobalt and nickel ferrite nanoparticles on breast cancer cells." Nanomedicine 15, no. 29 (December 2020): 2823–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2020-0313.
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Aim: Evaluation of the biocompatibility and radiosensitizer potential of citrate-coated cobalt (cit-CF) and nickel (cit-NF) ferrite nanoparticles (NPs). Materials & methods: Normal fibroblast and breast cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of citrate-coated ferrite NPs (cit-NPs) and irradiated with a cobalt-60 source at doses of 1 and 3 Gy. After 24 h, cell metabolism, morphology alterations and nanoparticle uptake were evaluated. Results: Cit-CF and cit-NF NPs showed no toxicity to normal cells up to 250 and 100 μg.ml-1, respectively. Combination of cit-NP and ionizing radiation resulted in up to fivefold increase in the radiation therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer cells. Conclusion: Cit-CF and cit-NF NPs are suitable candidates for application as breast cancer cell radiosensitizers.
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Wang, Shuai, Xiaolu Wang, Huoqing Huang, Tao Tu, Huiying Luo, Yuhong Zhang, Bo Liu, Bin Yao, Wei Zhang, and Xiaoyun Su. "Detoxification of the Mycotoxin Citrinin by a Manganese Peroxidase from Moniliophthora roreri." Toxins 14, no. 11 (November 18, 2022): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110801.
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Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin found in foods and feeds and most commonly discovered in red yeast rice, a food additive made from ordinary rice by fermentation with Monascus. Currently, no enzyme is known to be able to degrade CIT effectively. In this study, it was discovered that manganese peroxidase (MrMnP) from Moniliophthora roreri could degrade CIT. The degradation appeared to be fulfilled by a combination of direct and indirect actions of the MrMnP with the CIT. Pure CIT, at a final concentration of 10 mg/L, was completely degraded by MrMnP within 72 h. One degradation product was identified to be dihydrocitrinone. The toxicity of the CIT-degradation product decreased, as monitored by the increased survival rate of the Caco-2 cells incubated with MrMnP-treated CIT. In addition, MrMnP could degrade CIT (with a starting concentration of up to 4.6 mg/L) completely contaminated in red yeast rice. MrMnP serves as an excellent candidate enzyme for CIT detoxification.
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Bailey, Stephen J., Jamie R. Blackwell, Terrence Lord, Anni Vanhatalo, Paul G. Winyard, and Andrew M. Jones. "l-Citrulline supplementation improves O2 uptake kinetics and high-intensity exercise performance in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 119, no. 4 (August 15, 2015): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00192.2014.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of l-citrulline (Cit) and l-arginine (Arg) supplementation on nitric oxide (NO) biomarkers, pulmonary O2 uptake (V̇o2) kinetics, and exercise performance. In a randomized, placebo (Pla)-controlled, crossover study, 10 healthy adult men completed moderate- and severe-intensity cycling exercise on days 6 and 7 of a 7-day supplementation period with Pla, Arg (6 g/day), and Cit (6 g/day). Compared with Pla, plasma Arg concentration was increased by a similar magnitude with Arg and Cit supplementation, but plasma Cit concentration was only increased ( P < 0.001) with Cit supplementation. Plasma nitrite (NO2−) concentration was increased with Arg supplementation ( P < 0.05) and tended to increase with Cit supplementation ( P = 0.08) compared with Pla (83 ± 25, 106 ± 41, and 100 ± 38 nM with Pla, Arg, and Cit, respectively); however, mean arterial blood pressure was only lower ( P < 0.05) after Cit supplementation. The steady-state V̇o2 amplitude during moderate-intensity cycle exercise was not significantly different between supplements, but Cit lowered the V̇o2 mean response time (59 ± 8 and 53 ± 5 s with Pla and Cit, respectively, P < 0.05) during severe-intensity exercise, improved tolerance to severe-intensity exercise (589 ± 101 and 661 ± 107 s with Pla and Cit, respectively), and increased the total amount of work completed in the exercise performance test (123 ± 18 and 125 ± 19 kJ with Pla and Cit, respectively, P < 0.05). These variables were not altered by Arg supplementation ( P > 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that short-term Cit, but not Arg, supplementation can improve blood pressure, V̇o2 kinetics, and exercise performance in healthy adults.
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Kang, Yejin, Katherine N. Dillon, Mauricio A. Martinez, Arun Maharaj, Stephen M. Fischer, and Arturo Figueroa. "Combined L-Citrulline Supplementation and Slow Velocity Low-Intensity Resistance Training Improves Leg Endothelial Function, Lean Mass, and Strength in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women." Nutrients 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15010074.
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Hypertension is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with hypertension and the age-related decreases in muscle mass and strength. L-citrulline supplementation (CIT) and slow velocity low-intensity resistance training (SVLIRT) have improved vascular function, but their effect on muscle mass is unclear. We investigated whether combined CIT and SVLIRT (CIT + SVLIRT) would have additional benefits on leg endothelial function (superficial femoral artery flow-mediated dilation (sfemFMD)), lean mass (LM), and strength in hypertensive postmenopausal women. Participants were randomized to CIT (10 g/day, n = 13) or placebo (PL, n = 11) alone for 4 weeks and CIT + SVLIRT or PL + SVLIRT for another 4 weeks. sfemFMD, leg LM and muscle strength were measured at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. CIT increased sfemFMD after 4 weeks (CIT: Δ1.8 ± 0.3% vs. PL: Δ−0.2 ± 0.5%, p < 0.05) and 8 weeks (CIT + SVLIRT: Δ2.7 ± 0.5% vs. PL + SVLIRT: Δ−0.02 ± 0.5, p = 0.003). Leg LM improved after CIT + SVLIRT compared to PL + SVLIRT (Δ0.49 ± 0.15 kg vs. Δ0.07 ± 0.12 kg, p < 0.05). Leg curl strength increased greater with CIT + SVLIRT compared to PL + SVLIRT (Δ6.9 ± 0.9 kg vs. Δ4.0 ± 1.0 kg, p < 0.05). CIT supplementation alone improved leg endothelial function and when combined with SVLIRT has additive benefits on leg LM and curl strength in hypertensive postmenopausal women.
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Cai, Bin, Yu-long Luo, Shi-jun Wang, Wei-yuan Wei, Xue-hui Zhang, Wei Huang, Tong Li, et al. "Does Citrulline Have Protective Effects on Liver Injury in Septic Rats?" BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1469590.
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Citrulline (Cit) supplementation was proposed to serve as a therapeutic intervention to restore arginine (Arg) concentrations and improve related functions in sepsis. This study explored whether citrulline had positive effects on liver injury and cytokine release in the early stages of sepsis. The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model was utilized in our study. Rats were divided into four groups: normal, Cit, CLP, and CLP+Cit. The CLP group and CLP+Cit group were separated into 6-, 12-, and 24-hour groups, according to the time points of sacrifice after surgery. Intragastric administration of L-citrulline was applied to rats in Cit and CLP+Cit groups before surgery. Serum AST and ALT levels and levels of MDA, SOD, NO, and iNOS in the liver tissues were evaluated. Plasma concentrations of Cit and Arg were assessed using HPLC-MS/MS. Serum concentrations of cytokines and chemokines were calculated by Luminex. Results showed SOD activities of CLP+Cit groups were significantly higher than that of CLP groups, contrasting with the MDA and NO levels which were significantly lower in CLP+Cit groups than in CLP groups. In addition, plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1βwere significantly lower in the CLP+Cit 6-hour group than in the CLP 6-hour group.
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Cong, Lin, Zhile Bai, Yang Du, and Yong Cheng. "Citron Rho-Interacting Serine/Threonine Kinase Promotes HIF1a-CypA Signaling and Growth of Human Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma." BioMed Research International 2020 (February 24, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9210891.
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In human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the cyclophilin A (CypA) is overexpressed and promotes the development of PDAC. However, the mechanism underlying cyclophilin A expression remains elusive. Here, we reported that the citron Rho-interacting serine/threonine kinase (CIT) promotes the HIF1a-CypA signaling and growth of PDAC cells. CIT expression was higher in PDAC cells compared with the normal epithelial cells, and clinical data showed that CIT was overexpressed in PDAC tissues and high expression of CIT predicted poor overall and disease-free survival. In PDAC cells, knockdown of CIT expression repressed the rate of proliferation and capacity of colony formation, which were accomplished with an increased percentage of apoptotic cells and cell cycle arrest. The knockdown of CIT in PDAC cells reduced the expression of CypA while overexpression of CIT promoted the expression of CypA. We observed that the effects of CIT on the expression of CypA relied on the transcriptional factor HIF1a, which was previously reported to transcriptionally activate the expression of CypA in PDAC cells. Furthermore, the effects of CIT on apoptosis, cell cycle, proliferation, and colony formation of PDAC cells relied on its role in the regulation of CypA expression. Collectively, our data showed that CIT promoted the activation of HIF1-CypA signaling and enhanced the growth of PDAC cells.
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Degen, Gisela H., Jörg Reinders, Martin Kraft, Wolfgang Völkel, Felicia Gerull, Rafael Burghardt, Silvia Sievering, et al. "Citrinin Exposure in Germany: Urine Biomarker Analysis in Children and Adults." Toxins 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15010026.
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Citrinin (CIT), a mycotoxin known to exert nephrotoxicity, is a contaminant in food and feed. Since CIT contamination is not regularly analyzed, data on its occurrence and especially levels in food commodities are insufficient for conducting a conventional exposure assessment. Yet, human biomonitoring, i.e., an analysis of CIT and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT) in urine samples allows to estimate exposure. This study investigated CIT exposure in young (2–14 years) and adult (24–61 years) residents of three federal states in Germany. A total of 179 urine samples from children and 142 from adults were collected and analyzed by a targeted LC-MS/MS based method for presence of CIT and DH-CIT. At least one of the biomarkers was detected and quantified in all urines, which indicated a widespread dietary exposure to the mycotoxin in Germany. Interestingly, the biomarker concentrations of CITtotal (sum of CIT and DH-CIT) were higher in children’s urine (range 0.05–7.62 ng/mL; median of 0.54 ng/mL) than in urines from adults (range 0.04–3.5 ng/mL; median 0.3 ng/mL). The biomarker levels (CITtotal) of individual urines served to calculate the probable daily CIT intake, for comparison to a value of 0.2 µg/kg bw/day defined as ‘level of no concern for nephrotoxicity’ by the European Food Safety Authority. The median exposure of German adults was 0.013 µg/kg b.w., with only one urine donor exceeding this provisional tolerable daily intake (pTDI) for CIT. The median exposure of children was 0.05 µg/kg bw per day (i.e., 25% of the pTDI); however, CIT exposure in 12 individuals (6.3% of our study group) exceeded the limit value, with a maximum intake of 0.46 µg/kg b.w. per day. In conclusion, these results show evidence for non-negligible exposure to CIT in some individuals in Germany, mainly in children. Therefore, further biomonitoring studies and investigations aimed to identify the major sources of CIT exposure in food commodities are required.
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Rašić, D., D. Želježić, N. Kopjar, D. Kifer, M. Šegvić Klarić, and M. Peraica. "DNA damage in rat kidneys and liver upon subchronic exposure to single and combined ochratoxin A and citrinin." World Mycotoxin Journal 12, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2018.2399.
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The study aimed to check whether ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) increase DNA damage in the kidney and liver of male Wistar rats (alkaline comet assay), clarify the oxidative nature of DNA damage (hOGG1-modified comet assay), and verify whether resveratrol (RSV) could ameliorate OTA+CIT-induced genotoxicity. Rats were treated orally with OTA (0.125 and 0.250 mg/kg bodyweight (bw)) and CIT (2 mg/kg bw), OTA+CIT combinations and OTA+CIT+RSV (0.250+2+20 mg/kg bw) for 21 days. Both alkaline and hOGG1-modified comet assay showed that DNA damage was more severe in rat kidneys than in liver following mycotoxin treatment. Alkaline comet assay revealed a higher intensity of DNA damage, particularly as measured by tail intensity in the kidneys. Both tail length and tail intensity were OTA dose-dependent, but in combined OTA+CIT treatment these values were similar to CIT alone and lower than in animals treated with single OTA, possibly due to induction of apoptosis. hOGG1-modified comet showed that OTA+CIT evoked greater oxidative DNA damage than single mycotoxins. RSV did not reduce DNA damage measured by alkaline comet assay, but hOGG1-modified comet showed that RSV ameliorated OTA+CIT genotoxicity in the kidneys. Apart from oxidative stress, other mechanisms of DNA damage are involved in OTA and CIT genotoxicity. In rat kidneys RSV can reduce but not overcome oxidative DNA damage induced by combined OTA and CIT.
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Kamle, Madhu, Dipendra Kumar Mahato, Akansha Gupta, Shikha Pandhi, Nitya Sharma, Bharti Sharma, Sadhna Mishra, et al. "Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies." Toxins 14, no. 2 (January 23, 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14020085.
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Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed.
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Ettlinger, Dagmar E., Daniela Häusler, Wolfgang Wadsak, Friedrich Girschele, Karoline M. Sindelar, Leonhard-Key Mien, Johanna Ungersböck, et al. "Metabolism and autoradiographic evaluation of [18F]FE@CIT: a Comparison with [123I]β-CIT and [123I]FP-CIT." Nuclear Medicine and Biology 35, no. 4 (May 2008): 475–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.02.008.
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Sato, T., K. Higashihara, A. Sasaki, D. Toth, and T. Goto. "Development and single laboratory validation of a method for citrinin." World Mycotoxin Journal 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2010.1204.
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Citrinin (CIT) is a nephrotoxic secondary metabolite produced by several fungal species. CIT contamination has been reported in many cereals. Recently CIT contamination of red mold rice, used as an artificial colour, received attention because a CIT producing Monascus species was used in its production. Therefore, we developed a relatively simple method, immunoaffinity column clean-up followed by high performance liquid chromatographic (IAC-HPLC) detection, to determine CIT in red mold rice and several other commodities, and performed a single laboratory validation of the method. CIT was extracted by shaking for 30 min with 70% methanol, after which the extract was purified using an immunoaffinity column. The isolated CIT was quantitated by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Recoveries of CIT from red mold rice and koji-rice at levels of 50-2,500 µg/kg were 81-88%. RSDs, estimated with naturally contaminated red mold rice at 50, 200 and 400 µg/kg were 5.1%, 2.8% and 4.1%, respectively. Recoveries of CIT from cereals and mushroom samples at 50, 200 and 400 µg/kg were 60-123%, 69-88% and 73-100% with RSDs of 2.1-7.8%, 1.7-9.2% and 0.6-5.3%, respectively.
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Toledo, Heglison Custódio, Bernardo Miloski, Yuri de Almeida Costa Campos, Rosa Virginia Diaz Guerrero, Renato Miranda, Jeferson Macedo Vianna, and Maurício Bara Filho. "Distribuição da carga interna de treinamento durante uma temporada no voleibol profissional." Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 34, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-4690.v34i4p567-575.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a distribuição da carga interna de treinamento (CIT) direcionada a diferentes tipos de treinamentos durante uma temporada de jogadores de voleibol profi ssionais. A CIT foi registrada em todas as sessões realizadas durante 30 semanas de treinamento da temporada, considerando os seguintes tipos de treinamento: força (F), técnico (T), técnico-tático (TT), jogo (J) e condicionante + técnico-tático (C+TT). A temporada foi dividida em 4 períodos: preparatório (PP) com 8 semanas, competitivo I (PCI) com 6 semanas, competitivo II (PCII) com 7 semanas, e competitivo III (PCIII) com 9 semanas. Para quantificação da CIT foi utilizado o método PSE-sessão. Os resultados apontam uma alternância namagnitude da CIT durante as semanas da temporada; a redução da CIT direcionada a F de PCI para PCII (p = 0,04); maiores valores de CIT para TT em PCI e PCIII comparados a PP (p < 0,01); e menores valores de CIT para C+TT em PCII comparado aos demais períodos (p < 0,01). A partir dos resultados do presente estudo pode-se concluir que a CIT apresentou uma distribuição que alternou diferentes magnitudes durante as semanas de treinamento na temporada, que ocorre uma ênfase na CIT direcionada aos atributos técnicotáticos e redução da CIT destinada ao desenvolvimento da aptidão física durante o período competitivo da temporada do voleibol.
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Toledo, Heglison Custódio, Bernardo Miloski, Yuri de Almeida Costa Campos, Rosa Virginia Diaz Guerrero, Renato Miranda, Jeferson Macedo Vianna, and Maurício Bara Filho. "Distribuição da carga interna de treinamento durante uma temporada no voleibol profissional." Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 34, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-5509202000040567.
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O objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever a distribuição da carga interna de treinamento (CIT) direcionada a diferentes tipos de treinamentos durante uma temporada de jogadores de voleibol profi ssionais. A CIT foi registrada em todas as sessões realizadas durante 30 semanas de treinamento da temporada, considerando os seguintes tipos de treinamento: força (F), técnico (T), técnico-tático (TT), jogo (J) e condicionante + técnico-tático (C+TT). A temporada foi dividida em 4 períodos: preparatório (PP) com 8 semanas, competitivo I (PCI) com 6 semanas, competitivo II (PCII) com 7 semanas, e competitivo III (PCIII) com 9 semanas. Para quantificação da CIT foi utilizado o método PSE-sessão. Os resultados apontam uma alternância namagnitude da CIT durante as semanas da temporada; a redução da CIT direcionada a F de PCI para PCII (p = 0,04); maiores valores de CIT para TT em PCI e PCIII comparados a PP (p < 0,01); e menores valores de CIT para C+TT em PCII comparado aos demais períodos (p < 0,01). A partir dos resultados do presente estudo pode-se concluir que a CIT apresentou uma distribuição que alternou diferentes magnitudes durante as semanas de treinamento na temporada, que ocorre uma ênfase na CIT direcionada aos atributos técnicotáticos e redução da CIT destinada ao desenvolvimento da aptidão física durante o período competitivo da temporada do voleibol.
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Moinard, C., J. Maccario, S. Walrand, V. Lasserre, J. Marc, Y. Boirie, and L. Cynober. "Arginine behaviour after arginine or citrulline administration in older subjects." British Journal of Nutrition 115, no. 3 (December 1, 2015): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515004638.
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AbstractArginine (ARG) and its precursor citrulline (CIT) are popular dietary supplements, especially for the elderly. However, age-related reductions in lean body mass and alterations in organ functions could change their bioavailability. Pharmacokinetics and tolerance to amino acid (AA) loads are poorly documented in elderly subjects. The objective here was to characterise the plasma kinetics of CIT and ARG in a single-dosing study design. Eight fasting elderly men underwent two separate isomolar oral loading tests (10 g of CIT or 9·94 g of ARG). Blood was withdrawn over an 8-h period to measure plasma AA concentrations. Only CIT, ornithine and ARG plasma concentrations were changed. Volume of distribution was not dependent on AA administered. Conversely, parameters related to ARG kinetics were strongly dependent on AA administered: after ARG load, elimination was higher (ARG>CIT; P=0·041) and admission period+time at peak concentration was lower (ARG<CIT; P=0·033), and the combination of both phenomena results in a marked increase in ARG availability when CIT was administered (ARG<CIT; P=0·033) compared with ARG administration itself. In conclusion, a single CIT administration in the elderly is safe and well tolerated, and CIT proves to be a better in vivo ARG precursor than ARG itself in healthy elderly subjects.
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Ametamey, S. M., C. Halldin, C. G. Swahn, H. Hall, P. A. Schubiger, and L. Farde. "Synthesis of nor-β-CIT, β-CIT and trimethylstannyl-β-CT." Nuclear Medicine and Biology 22, no. 8 (November 1995): 959–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(95)02017-9.
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Acharya, Tirtha Raj, Geon Joon Lee, and Eun Ha Choi. "Influences of Plasma Plume Length on Structural, Optical and Dye Degradation Properties of Citrate-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Plasma-Assisted Reduction." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 2367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142367.
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Citrate-capped silver nanoparticles Ag@Cit NPs were synthesized by a simple plasma-assisted reduction method. Homogenous colloidal Ag@Cit NPs solutions were produced by treating a AgNO3-trisodium citrate-deionized water with an atmospheric-pressure argon plasma jet. The plasma-synthesized Ag@Cit NPs exhibited quasi-spherical shape with an average particle diameter of about 5.9−7.5 nm, and their absorption spectra showed surface plasmon resonance peaks at approximately 406 nm. The amount of Ag@Cit NPs increased in a plasma exposure duration-dependent manner. Plasma synthesis of Ag@Cit NPs was more effective in the 8.5 cm plume jet than in the shorter and longer plume jets. A larger amount of Ag@Cit NPs were produced from the 8.5 cm plume jet with a higher pH and a larger number of aqua electrons, indicating that the synergetic effect between plasma electrons and citrate plays an important role in the plasma synthesis of Ag@Cit NPs. Plasma-assisted citrate reduction facilitates the synthesis of Ag@Cit NPs, and citrate-capped nanoparticles are stabilized in an aqueous solution due to their repulsive force. Next, we demonstrated that plasma-synthesized Ag@Cit NPs exhibited a significant degradation of methylene blue dye.
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Gai, Marta, Paola Camera, Alessandro Dema, Federico Bianchi, Gaia Berto, Elena Scarpa, Giulia Germena, and Ferdinando Di Cunto. "Citron kinase controls abscission through RhoA and anillin." Molecular Biology of the Cell 22, no. 20 (October 15, 2011): 3768–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-12-0952.
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The small GTPase RhoA plays a crucial role in the different stages of cytokinesis, including contractile ring formation, cleavage furrow ingression, and midbody abscission. Citron kinase (CIT-K), a protein required for cytokinesis and conserved from insects to mammals, is currently considered a cytokinesis-specific effector of active RhoA. In agreement with previous observations, we show here that, as in Drosophila cells, CIT-K is specifically required for abscission in mammalian cells. However, in contrast with the current view, we provide evidence that CIT-K is an upstream regulator rather than a downstream effector of RhoA during late cytokinesis. In addition, we show that CIT-K is capable of physically and functionally interacting with the actin-binding protein anillin. Active RhoA and anillin are displaced from the midbody in CIT-K-depleted cells, while only anillin, but not CIT-K, is affected if RhoA is inactivated in late cytokinesis. The overexpression of CIT-K and of anillin leads to abscission delay. However, the delay produced by CIT-K overexpression can be reversed by RhoA inactivation, while the delay produced by anillin overexpression is RhoA-independent. Altogether, these results indicate that CIT-K is a crucial abscission regulator that may promote midbody stability through active RhoA and anillin.
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Kumar, Hemant, Sumer Singh, Amit Yadav, and Mahesh Kumar. "Field evaluation of management strategies against Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae) infesting Indian mustard in Haryana, India." ENTOMON 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i3.760.
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Effectiveness of diverse eco-safe strategies against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) infesting Indian mustard was evaluated for two years with 11 treatments viz., Beauveria bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1, neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) @ 5 per cent, neem oil @ 5 per cent, B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after clipping of infested twigs (CIT), nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent, NSKE @ 5 per cent after CIT, neem oil @ 5 per cent after CIT, nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT, clipping of infested twigs alone, dimethoate 30 EC @ 625 ml ha-1 and control. The pooled data revealed that dimethoate contributed maximum efficacy in reducing L. erysimi population over control (89.74 %), followed by B. bassiana after CIT (83.16 %) and nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT (80.51%). Seed yield (1716 kg ha-1) was maximum in dimethoate , followed by treatments B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after CIT (1636.5 kg ha-1) and nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT (1608 kg ha-1), whereas minimum (1211 kg ha-1) in the control. The gross income (Rs 64350 ha-1) and net return (Rs 18017 ha-1) were highest in dimethoate, followed by B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after CIT with gross income of Rs 61388 ha-1 and net return of Rs 13865 ha-1. The incremental cost-benefit ratio was also maximum in dimethoate (1: 19.58), followed by B. bassiana, nimbecidine and NSKE treatments (1: 6.33 to 7.27). Results suggest that B. bassiana @ 108 CS ml-1 after CIT and nimbecidine @ 0.03 per cent after CIT can be used as a non- chemical control option as a substitute to chemical control.
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Canada, Kelli E., Amy C. Watson, and Scott O’kelley. "Utilizing Crisis Intervention Teams in Prison to Improve Officer Knowledge, Stigmatizing Attitudes, and Perception of Response Options." Criminal Justice and Behavior 48, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854820942274.
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People with mental illness (MI) are overrepresented in prisons, in part, because people with MI stay in prison longer. Correctional officers (COs) use discretion in force, violations, and segregation. Crisis intervention teams (CITs) are being used in corrections to reduce disparities in sanctioning and improve safety. This quasi-experimental, mixed-methods study includes 235 CIT COs who were surveyed before and after training on knowledge of MI, stigmatizing attitudes, and perception of response options. Non-CIT ( n = 599) officers completed the same survey. Randomly selected CIT COs completed interviews 6 to 9 months following training ( n = 17). CIT COs had significantly lower stigmatizing attitudes, more mental health knowledge, and better perceptions of options following CIT training compared with non-CIT COs. This preliminary work on CIT use in prison is promising; additional work is needed to determine whether these changes result in behavior change among COs and improvements in outcomes for people with MI.
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Boonlha, Sukit, Pongkarn Chakthranont, and Sutasinee Kityakarn. "Effect of Metal Precursor Solution on Morphology of Porous LaCoO3." Solid State Phenomena 302 (April 2020): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.302.135.
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Porous materials are attractive in various applications such as energy storage and production, industrial processing, environmental treatment, and catalysis. Porous LaCoO3 was prepared using three different metal precursor solutions: i) 40%v/v methanol-ethylene glycol (40%Me/EG), ii) Lysine (Lys), and iii) Lysine/citric acid (Lys/Cit) with poly(methyl methacrylate) colloidal crystal as porous templates (PMMA-CCT). PMMA-CCT filled with metal precursor solution were carbonized under N2 followed by oxidized under 50% O2 in N2 atmosphere. X-ray diffraction patterns of the obtained porous LaCoO3 are rhombohedral LaCoO3 phase without impurity. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to examine the morphology of porous LaCoO3. The SEM image of the LCO-Lys/Cit exhibits better connected particles and a well-defined pore structure compared to those prepared by Lys or 40%Me/EG metal precursor solutions. The evolution of pore formation of LCO-Lys/Cit was investigated by SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermal gravitational analysis (TGA). The materials show high catalytic properties for the electrochemical water oxidation reaction. The high capacitances of all porous LaCoO3 are attributed to the controlled three-dimensional porous morphology of the catalysts. This synthesis approach can achieve porous materials with promising properties for catalysis applications.
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Keller, Julia, Daniel Moldenhauer, Liam Byrne, Hajo Haase, Ute Resch-Genger, and Matthias Koch. "Complexes of the Mycotoxins Citrinin and Ochratoxin A with Aluminum Ions and their Spectroscopic Properties." Toxins 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins10120538.
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The sensitive detection of the mycotoxin citrinin (CIT) utilizing its fluorescence requires approaches to enhance the emission. In this respect, we studied the complexation of CIT and ochratoxin A (OTA) with Al3+ in methanol using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. In this context, an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method using a polymer column and a fluorescence detector was also developed that enables the separation of the metal ion complexes from the free ligands and non-complexed Al3+. CIT and OTA showed distinct changes in their absorption and fluorescence properties upon Al3+-coordination, and the fluorescence of CIT was considerably enhanced. Analysis of the photometrically assessed titration of CIT and OTA with Al3+ using the Job plot method revealed 1:2 and 1:1 stoichiometries for the Al3+ complexes of CIT (Al:CIT) and OTA (Al:OTA), respectively. In the case of CIT, only one β-diketone moiety participates in Al3+ coordination. These findings can be elegantly exploited for signal amplification and provide the base to reduce the limit of detection for CIT quantification by about an order of magnitude, as revealed by HPLC measurements using a fluorescence detector.
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East, Ellen G., Emily Roberts, Lili Zhao, and Julie M. Jorns. "Repeat Biomarker Status in Breast Resection Specimens With Controlled Cold Ischemic Time." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 152, no. 6 (July 24, 2019): 766–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz105.
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Abstract Objectives Current College of American Pathologists/American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines recommend cold ischemic time (CIT) of 1 hour or less for breast specimens to preserve biomarker expression, although some publications support an acceptable CIT of 4 hours or less. We retrospectively evaluated changes in estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) from biopsy to resection specimens that were triaged to optimize CIT. Methods We identified breast resection specimens collected after institutional implementation of a triage protocol. Clinicopathologic features were assessed. Results In total, 295 excisions had a prior malignant diagnosis, with CIT of 4 hours or less and repeat ER, PR, and/or HER2; 230 (78%) had CIT of 1 hour or less, and 65 (22%) had CIT of more than 1 hour but 4 hours or less. Categorical change was seen in 10 (17.9%) of 56 with repeated ER/PR and 38 (13.3%) of 285 with repeated HER2 (of which five [1.8%] had meaningful change). Conclusions When CIT is optimized, a meaningful change in biomarker expression is infrequent. This study supports that when specimens are appropriately triaged, CIT of 4 hours or less may be acceptable.
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Zhu, Xiali, Heqing Huang, Yingjie Zhang, Huijuan Zhang, Lin Hou, and Zhenzhong Zhang. "Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-based and enzyme-responsive magnetic nanoparticles for tumor chemotherapy, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy." Journal of Biomaterials Applications 31, no. 7 (October 26, 2016): 1010–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885328216676159.
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Safe and efficient drug delivery in a controllable fashion, especially remote and repeatable switch of on-demand drug release, is the subject of widespread attention. A kind of magnetic nanoparticles (DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs) simultaneously consisted of Cit/CuS@Fe3O4 and doxorubicin (DOX) was presented. The drug release from DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs could be successfully triggered by the presence of gelatinase, showing great promise for tumor-targeted drug release through an enzymatic degradation mechanism. Compared with free DOX, DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs could not only specially deliver Cit/CuS@Fe3O4 and DOX into MCF-7 cells, but also could greatly improve the quantity of ROS produced in MCF-7 cells under of 980 nm laser irradiation. DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs also had highly selective accumulation at tumor tissue of S180 tumor-bearing mice, which were along with a magnet near the tumor site. Furthermore, when combined with NIR laser irridation, DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs showed a higher antitumor efficacy than the individual therapies in vitro and in vivo. This study showed that DOX-Cit/CuS@Fe3O4-NPs could be used as a platform for tumor chemotherapy, photothermal and photodynamic therapy.
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R. Blevins, Kristie, Vivian Lord, and Beth Bjerregaard. "Evaluating Crisis Intervention Teams: possible impediments and recommendations." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 37, no. 3 (August 12, 2014): 484–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-08-2012-0083.
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Purpose – Extant literature resoundingly praises Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) programs for the multitude of benefits they provide for law enforcement agencies and individuals with mental illnesses. The majority of CIT research is based on perceived benefits of this approach. Most of the goals of CIT programs are readily amenable to empirical study, yet there are few outcome evaluations of the programs. The purpose of this paper is to examine why empirical studies examining the effectiveness of CIT programs are nominal. Design/methodology/approach – Structural and practical impediments to the collection of empirical data for CIT programs were identified through including examinations of the types of data routinely collected, interviews with CIT participants, and the researchers’ own observations of hindrances to the data collection processes. By triangulating these methods, the authors were able to observe a number of impediments to the collection of empirical data on this topic. Findings – The multi-jurisdictional CIT program under review had several data problems. First, there was a lack of official data concerning CIT calls. Second, it was virtually impossible to follow a person with mental illness throughout the system from first contact to final disposition. Third, data sharing was hindered by a lack of memorandums of understanding. Fourth, important information was not being properly recorded. Originality/value – This manuscript provides recommendations to address data concerns for CIT evaluations. Suggestions are intended to help facilitate more robust data for analysis and evaluation purposes, helping to grow the literature on the effectiveness and efficiency of CIT programs.
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Meerpoel, Celine, Arnau Vidal, Emmanuel K. Tangni, Bart Huybrechts, Liesbeth Couck, Riet De Rycke, Lobke De Bels, et al. "A Study of Carry-Over and Histopathological Effects after Chronic Dietary Intake of Citrinin in Pigs, Broiler Chickens and Laying Hens." Toxins 12, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12110719.
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Citrinin (CIT) is a polyketide mycotoxin occurring in a variety of food and feedstuff, among which cereal grains are the most important contaminated source. Pigs and poultry are important livestock animals frequently exposed to mycotoxins, including CIT. Concerns are rising related to the toxic, and especially the potential nephrotoxic, properties of CIT. The purpose of this study was to clarify the histopathological effects on kidneys, liver, jejunum and duodenum of pigs, broiler chickens and laying hens receiving CIT contaminated feed. During 3 weeks, pigs (n = 16) were exposed to feed containing 1 mg CIT/kg feed or to control feed (n = 4), while 2 groups of broiler chickens and laying hens (n = 8 per group) received 0.1 mg CIT/kg feed (lower dose group) and 3 or 3.5 mg CIT/kg feed (higher dose group), respectively, or control feed (n = 4). CIT concentrations were quantified in plasma, kidneys, liver, muscle and eggs using a validated ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method. Kidneys, liver, duodenum and jejunum were evaluated histologically using light microscopy, while the kidneys were further examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Histopathology did not reveal major abnormalities at the given contamination levels. However, a significant increase of swollen and degenerated mitochondria in renal cortical cells from all test groups were observed (p < 0.05). These observations could be related to oxidative stress, which is the major mechanism of CIT toxicity. Residues of CIT were detected in all collected tissues, except for muscle and egg white from layers in the lowest dose group, and egg white from layers in the highest dose group. CIT concentrations in plasma ranged between 0.1 (laying hens in lower dose group) and 20.8 ng/mL (pigs). In tissues, CIT concentrations ranged from 0.6 (muscle) to 20.3 µg/kg (liver) in pigs, while concentrations in chickens ranged from 0.1 (muscle) to 70.2 µg/kg (liver). Carry-over ratios from feed to edible tissues were between 0.1 and 2% in pigs, and between 0.1 and 6.9% in chickens, suggesting a low contribution of pig and poultry tissue-derived products towards the total dietary CIT intake for humans.
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Ashley, John, Youngdeok Kim, and Joaquin U. Gonzales. "Impact of l-citrulline supplementation on oxygen uptake kinetics during walking." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, no. 6 (June 2018): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0696.
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Supplementation with l-citrulline (Cit) has been shown to improve muscle oxygenation and oxygen uptake kinetics during moderate- to high-intensity cycling in young men. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that Cit would improve oxygen uptake kinetics during walking in older and young adults. In a randomized, double-blind study, 26 (15 women, 11 men) adults between the ages of 20–35 years (n = 15) and 64–86 years (n = 11) completed 7-day periods of taking placebo and Cit (6 g/day) in a crossover manner. Participants walked on a treadmill at 40% heart rate reserve while pulmonary oxygen uptake was measured using indirect calorimetry. Net oxygen cost, mean response time (MRT), and the oxygen deficit were calculated before and after each supplement period. There was no significant change (P > 0.05) in net oxygen cost, MRT, or the oxygen deficit after Cit in older adults, while young adults showed a decrease (P = 0.05) in the oxygen deficit after Cit that tended (P = 0.053) to be different than the change after placebo. Sex-stratified analysis revealed that Cit decreased MRT (P = 0.04, Cohen’s d = 0.41) and the oxygen deficit (P < 0.01, Cohen’s d = 0.56) in men with the change after Cit being greater than the change after placebo (MRT: −4.5 ± 2.1 vs. 3.4 ± 2.1 s, P = 0.01; deficit: −0.15 ± 0.05 vs. 0.01 ± 0.05 L, P = 0.02). All oxygen uptake parameters were unchanged (P > 0.05) following Cit and placebo in women. Cit does not alter the oxygen cost of moderate-intensity walking in young or older adults, but Cit improved the rate of rise in oxygen uptake at exercise onset in men.
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Buckinx, Fanny, Vincent Marcangeli, Lívia Pinheiro Carvalho, Maude Dulac, Guy Hajj Boutros, Gilles Gouspillou, Pierrette Gaudreau, José Morais, Philippe Noirez, and Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre. "Initial Dietary Protein Intake Influence Muscle Function Adaptations in Older Men and Women Following High-Intensity Interval Training Combined with Citrulline." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071685.
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Background: This study evaluates whether the initial amount of dietary protein intake could influence the combined effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and citrulline (CIT), or HIIT alone, on body composition, muscle strength, and functional capacities in obese older adults. Methods: Seventy-three sedentary obese older men and women who completed a 12-week elliptical HIIT program with double-blinded randomized supplementation of CIT or placebo (PLA) were divided into four groups according to their initial protein intake (CIT–PROT+: n = 21; CIT–PROT−: n = 19; PLA–PROT+: n = 19; PLA–PROT−: n = 14). Body composition (fat and fat-free masses), handgrip (HSr) strength, knee extensor (KESr) strength, muscle power, and functional capacities were measured pre-intervention and post-intervention. Results: Following the intervention, the four groups improved significantly regarding all the parameters measured. For the same initial amount of protein intake, the CIT–PROT− group decreased more gynoid fat mass (p = 0.04) than the PLA–PROT− group. The CIT–PROT+ group increased more KESr (p = 0.04) than the PLA–PROT+ group. In addition, the CIT–PROT− group decreased more gynoid FM (p = 0.02) and improved more leg FFM (p = 0.02) and HSr (p = 0.02) than the CIT–PROT+ group. Conclusion: HIIT combined with CIT induced greater positive changes than in the PLA groups. The combination seems more beneficial in participants consuming less than 1 g/kg/d of protein, since greater improvements on body composition and muscle strength were observed.
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Soff, Gerald A., Jaime Shaw, Karynsa Kilpatrick, Andrea Marongiu, and Joseph Park. "Burden of thrombocytopenia in adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.1555.
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1555 Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common toxicity of chemotherapy, yet there are limited data on its occurrence in routine clinical practice. Methods: Using structured patient-level data from the Flatiron Health EHR-derived database, we assessed risk (3-month cumulative incidence) of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) in adult patients (2012-2017) based on platelet counts, overall and by each grade of CIT, cancer type, and chemotherapy regimen (Table); and the co-occurrence of other hematologic abnormalities. Results: Of 15,521 solid tumor patients who initiated chemotherapy, 13% had evidence of CIT within 3 months (platelet count <100x109/L), 4% had grade 3 (25 to <50x109/L) and 2% had grade 4 (<25x109/L) CIT. Of the solid tumors examined, incidence was highest in melanoma patients. In hematologic malignancies (N = 2,537), 3-month risk was even higher with nearly 30%, 16%, and 12% having any grade, grade 3 and 4 CIT, respectively; and the greatest risk being in multiple myeloma patients. Anthracycline-based regimens were associated with the highest risk of CIT (7% grade 3; 4% grade 4), followed by gemcitabine- and platinum-based regimens. Anemia often accompanied first evidence of CIT (49%); isolated thrombocytopenia occurred in 15%. Conclusions: This study provides a current snapshot of CIT risk in a large sample of adult patients undergoing chemotherapy in routine clinical practice, highlighting patients at highest risk for CIT and underscoring the complexity of managing cancer treatment. [Table: see text]
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Emmanouilidis, Nikos, Julius Boeckler, Bastian P. Ringe, Alexander Kaltenborn, Frank Lehner, Hans Friedrich Koch, Jürgen Klempnauer, and Harald Schrem. "Risk Balancing of Cold Ischemic Time against Night Shift Surgery Possibly Reduces Rates of Reoperation and Perioperative Graft Loss." Journal of Transplantation 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5362704.
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Background.This retrospective cohort study evaluates the advantages of risk balancing between prolonged cold ischemic time (CIT) and late night surgery.Methods.1262 deceased donor kidney transplantations were analyzed. Multivariable regression was used to determine odds ratios (ORs) for reoperation, graft loss, delayed graft function (DGF), and discharge on dialysis. CIT was categorized according to a forward stepwise pattern ≤1h/>1h, ≤2h/>2h, ≤3h/>3h,…, ≤nh/>nh. ORs for DGF were plotted against CIT and a nonlinear regression function with bestR2was identified. First and second derivative were then implemented into the curvature formulak(x)=f′′(x)/(1+f′x2)3/2to determine the point of highest CIT-mediated risk acceleration.Results.Surgery between 3 AM and 6 AM is an independent risk factor for reoperation and graft loss, whereas prolonged CIT is only relevant for DGF. CIT-mediated risk for DGF follows an exponential patternfx=A·(1+k·eI·x)with a cut-off for the highest risk increment at 23.5 hours.Conclusions.The risk of surgery at 3 AM–6 AM outweighs prolonged CIT when confined within 23.5 hours as determined by a new mathematical approach to calculate turning points of nonlinear time related risks. CIT is only relevant for the endpoint of DGF but had no impact on discharge on dialysis, reoperation, or graft loss.
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Walker, John. "Using Critical Incidents to Understand ESL Student Satisfaction." TESL Canada Journal 32, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v32i2.1210.
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In a marketized environment, ESL providers, in common with other postcompul- sory educational institutions, canvass student satisfaction with their services. While the predominant method is likely to be based on tick-box questionnaires using Likert scales that measure degrees of satisfaction, qualitative methodology is an option when rich data is desired. The well-established Critical Incident Tech- nique (CIT) is particularly useful in this regard as an exploratory methodology with potential to increase knowledge about previously unknown phenomena. A pilot study with a small sample of ESL students was set up to explore ESL student satisfaction using CIT. The data obtained were analyzed within the framework of Johnston’s (1995) quality factors, then further categorized in terms of satisfying, dissatisfying, or neutral factors. The findings provided some tentative indications of differentiation among ESL quality factors as perceived by ESL students. In- sights were obtained regarding procedural, analytical, and student response issues in the use of CIT in conjunction with satisfaction data. The outcomes supported the view that information obtained through CIT could assist ESL managers and teachers in developing and enhancing quality factors that more accurately reflect student expectations of the service. Dans un environnement commercialisé, les fournisseurs en ALS, tout comme les autres institutions postsecondaires, sondent les étudiants pour connaitre leur niveau de satisfaction avec les services qu’ils offrent. Alors que la méthode la plus couramment employée repose sur des questionnaires à choix multiples avec des échelles de Likert pour mesurer les niveaux de satisfaction, une méthodolo- gie qualitative est à envisager quand l’on désire des données approfondies. La méthode des incidents critiques (CIT) est bien établie et particulièrement utile à cet égard, étant une méthodologie d’exploration avec le potentiel d’accroitre les connaissances de phénomènes inconnus auparavant. On a mis sur pied une étude pilote avec un petit échantillon d’étudiants en ALS pour explorer, par la CIT, leur niveau de satisfaction. Les données ont été analysées dans le cadre des facteurs de qualité de Johnston (1995) et ensuite catégorisées en fonction de facteurs satisfai- sants, insatisfaisants et neutres. Les résultats fournissent des indices de différen- tiation parmi les facteurs de qualité en ALS, tels que perçus par les étudiants. De nouvelles idées sont ressorties par rapport à l’emploi de la CIT et les enjeux liés à la procédure, l’analyse et les réponses des étudiants dans le contexte de données relatives à la satisfaction. La conclusion en est que les informations découlant de la CIT pourraient appuyer les administrateurs et les enseignants dans le déve- loppement et l’amélioration des facteurs de qualité de sorte à mieux répondre aux attentes des étudiants en matière des services.
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Cui, Jiuwei, Wei Li, Nanya Wang, Hengjun Zhao, Haofan Jin, Chao Niu, and Guanjun Wang. "Risk of HCC recurrence with cellular immunotherapy following radiofrequency ablation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 3031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.3031.
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3031 Background: Although radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has brought promising therapeutic outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, the curative rate was compromised by high recurrence and metastasis after RFA. Immunosupression in patients with HCC is an important factor leading to its recurrence and metastasis. This study was designed to observe the efficiency and safety of application of cellular immunotherapy (CIT) after RFA for HCC patients. Methods: Sixty-two patients with HCC who were treated with radical RFA were divided into two groups: RFA alone (32 patients) and RFA/CIT (30 patients). Autologous mononuclear cells were collected from the peripheral blood and separated by apheresis, and then induced into natural killer cells, γδT cells, cytokine-induced killer cells. These cells were identified by flow cytometry with their specific antibodies and then were infused intravenously to RFA/CIT patients for 3 or 6 courses. The tumor recurrent status of these patients was evaluated with computed tomography (CT) every 3 months after RFA. Progression-free survival (PFS), liver function, viral load, and adverse effects were examined. Results: The median PFS in RFA group was 12.0 (9.1-14.8) months while median PFS in RFA/CIT group has not yet been reached. It indicated that sequential RFA/CIT significantly reduced the risk of HCC recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.136]. In RFA/CIT group, six courses had better survival prognosis than three courses (P <0.05). Viral load of hepatitis C decreased in two of three patients without antiviral therapy in RFA/CIT group, but was increased in RFA alone group. The RFA/CIT group maintained the hepatic function at the level before CIT. The hepatic function in 28.1% (9/32 cases) patients in RFA group was deteriorated. Only one developed fever (38.5 °C) after one infusion and recovered 2 hours later. Otherwise, there was no toxic effect in the RFA/CIT group. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggested that combination of sequential CIT with RFA for HCC patients was efficient and safe, and may be helpful in the prevention of the recurrence for the patients with HCC after RFA. It also suggested that the CIT may reduce the risk of recurrence by dual effects of anti-tumor and anti-virus.
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Krabch, Mohammed El Mahdi, Bertrand Lacombe, Michel Miaille, Bernard Toulemonde, J�r�me Sabatier, and �lodie Foussard. "La�cit� et religions." Administration & �ducation N�151, no. 3 (2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/admed.151.0041.
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