Relevant bibliographies by topics / Circus animals – United States

Academic literature on the topic 'Circus animals – United States'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Circus animals – United States.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Circus animals – United States"

1

Nisha, P. R. "Ban and benevolence: Circus, animals and Indian state." Indian Economic & Social History Review 54, no. 2 (April 2017): 239–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464617695676.

Full text
Abstract:
Social sciences and humanities have recently begun posing enquiries such as do animals have histories, memories and subjectivities. Circus animals hardly figure in the discourses on animals while a wide variety of animals existed in the rings globally as performers and workers. The ban of the training and performance of certain wild animals by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, India in 1991 was a watershed moment for the almost 150-year-old circus industry in the subcontinent. This article explores the legal battle that followed the ban, various discourses around animals, both wild and captive, the human and non-human association in circuses and the history of animal training and performance and critically examines the ideas of rescue, rehabilitation and conservation. The acquisition, taming and trade of animals are implicated in the history of hunting, wildlife policies of the colonial and postcolonial states in India. The ‘rescue’ and ‘rehabilitation’ of animals from the ‘private’ circus companies to the ‘public’ zoos would unravel how the very idea of scientific conservation becomes a violent guile of state and civil society actively propagating the binary of cruelty and mercy. The article will also briefly discuss the questions of intimacy and emotions between the animal and the animal trainer beyond the common representations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Cook, Audrey K. "Schistosomiasis in the United States." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 52, no. 6 (November 2022): 1283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.06.009.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Jackson, David. "United States ETHICAL (AND UNETHICAL) TREATMENT OF ANIMALS." Lancet 329, no. 8539 (April 1987): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90307-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Hanke, Sabine. "Performing National Identity in the Interwar Period: The Sarrasani Circus in Germany and Latin America." New Theatre Quarterly 37, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x21000063.

Full text
Abstract:
This article examines the production and promotion of popular entertainments by the German Sarrasani Circus during the interwar period and how they were used to establish specific national narratives in Germany and Latin America. Focusing particularly on its engagement of Lakota performers, it argues that the Circus acted as an active negotiator of national concerns within and beyond Germany’s borders, and presented the group as ‘familiar natives’ in order to appeal to local and national ideas of Germanness. At the same time, it shows that the performers pursued their own interests in becoming international and cosmopolitan performers, thereby challenging the assimilation forced upon their traditions and culture by institutions in the United States. Finally, it demonstrates how foreign propaganda built on the Circus’s national image in Latin America to restore Germany’s international relations after the First World War. Sabine Hanke is a lecturer in Modern History at the University of Duisberg-Essen. Her research examines the German and British interwar circus. She was recently awarded her PhD in cultural history, from which this article has evolved, at the University of Sheffield. A chapter based on her research is scheduled for publication in Circus Histories and Theories, ed. Nisha P.R. and Melon Dilip (Oxford University Press).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Allen, Kelly E., Eileen M. Johnson, and Susan E. Little. "Hepatozoon spp Infections in the United States." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 41, no. 6 (November 2011): 1221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2011.08.006.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Fajt, Virginia R. "Regulatory considerations in the United States." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 19, no. 3 (November 2003): 695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(03)00050-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Grier, Katherine C. "Childhood Socialization and Companion Animals: United States, 1820-1870." Society & Animals 7, no. 2 (1999): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853099x00022.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractBetween 1820 and 1870, middle-class Americans became convinced of the role nonhuman animals could play in socializing children. Companion animals in and around the household were the medium for training children into self-consciousness about, and abhorrence of, causing pain to other creatures including, ultimately, other people. In an age where the formation of character was perceived as an act of conscious choice and self-control, middle-class Americans understood cruelty to animals as a problem both of individual or familial deficiency and of good and evil. Training children to be self-conscious about kindness became an important task of parenting. Domestic advisors also argued that learning kindness was critical for boys who were developmentally prone to cruelty and whose youthful cruelty had implications both for the future of family life and for the body politic. The practice of pet keeping, where children became stewards of companion animals who were then able to teach young humans such virtues as gratitude and fidelity, became a socially meaningful act.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Carlson, Geoffrey. "United States – Measures Affecting the Importation of Animals, Meat and Other Animal Products from Argentina (US–Animals, DS447)." World Trade Review 15, no. 1 (January 2016): 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745615000610.

Full text
Abstract:
Following an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Argentina in 2001, the United States maintained import prohibitions on certain animals and animal products from Argentina. In this dispute, Argentina challenged two sets of measures: (1) the United States' prohibition on importation of fresh (chilled or frozen) beef from a portion of northern Argentina and on the importation of animals, meat, and other animal products from the Patagonia region as a consequence of the failure to recognize Patagonia as an FMD-free region; and (2) the undue delay of the United States’ application of certain regulatory procedures under which the United States assessed Argentina's requests for re-authorization to import fresh (chilled or frozen) beef from a certain area of northern Argentina and for the recognition of the Patagonia region as FMD-free.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Fielding, William J., Travis W. Cronin, and Christina Risley-Curtiss. "College Students’ Experiences of Nonhuman Animal Harm in the United States and The Bahamas." Society & Animals 28, no. 7 (December 19, 2018): 752–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341534.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This study compares and contrasts experiences of harm to nonhuman animals in the lives of 830 college students in The Bahamas and the United States. Overall, students in The Bahamas were more likely to have been exposed to seeing animals harmed (65%) than those in the United States (16%), and they were more likely to have seen an animal killed (22% in The Bahamas and 12% in the United States). Bahamian students reported a higher rate of participation in harming animals than United States students. Stray animals were at greater risk of harm than animals designated as companion animals. The occurrence of coerced harm to animals including zoophilia was low. Participants were indirect victims of animal harm at older ages than the ages at which they had first witnessed or participated in harming animals. Cross-societal implications of harming animals are discussed in the context of teaching animal welfare.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Kidd, Linda. "Emerging Spotted Fever Rickettsioses in the United States." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 52, no. 6 (November 2022): 1305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.003.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Circus animals – United States"

1

Ma, Chunhui. "Textbooks, a vivid mirror of culture : a comparative study of animal materials in American elementary reading textbooks and Chinese elementary language textbooks." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845935.

Full text
Abstract:
Comparative research on the treatment of animal materials in Chinese elementary language textbooks and American elementary reading textbooks provides an interesting perspective on both Chinese and American cultures. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods. From the study, we notice that animals in Chinese textbooks are presented as animals, i.e., creatures closer to nature without human fantasy and illusion attached to them. Animals are used to communicate to children for moral education, wisdom development and so on. By comparison, animals in American textbooks are presented as much closer to humans. Animals dress and act like humans and are found in human setting. Animals can be more human than humans. Idealistic images and dreams are frequently linked to animals rather than humans. Textbooks are cultural mirrors. The different orientations of animal materials indicateenculturation of children. The cultural reasons beneath these surface differences are examined. Predictions are different cultural values and different goals for the provided on the animal enculturation in future China.
Department of Anthropology
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Dennis, Patricia Marie. "Epidemiology of black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis) in captivity in the United States." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095785660.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 126 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2007 Sept. 21.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sabo, Joseph Michael. "We Hold These Truths to Be Self-Evident: The Need for Animal Rights in the United States of America." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1335815050.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ruben, Rachel. "Speak softly or carry a big stick? comparing the approaches of the Humane Society of the United States and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/3731.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Szablewski, Christine Marie. "Evolution of Influenza A Viruses in Exhibition Swine and Transmission to Humans, 2013-2015." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu151388886442666.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Means, Julianna Lynn. "The Role of Old Regrowth Forests for Avian Diversity Conservation in a Southwestern Ohio Landscape." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1280416915.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lem, Kristina Yvonne. "Evaluation of dietary factors associated with spontaneous pancreatitis in dogs." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1504.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Dillard, Courtney Lanston. "The rhetorical dimensions of radical flank effects investigations into the influence of emerging radical voices on the rhetoric of long-standing moderate organizations in two social movements /." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3099448.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Nicholson, Jeremy Michael. "Population and genetic impacts of a 4-lane highway on black bears in eastern North Carolina." 2009. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/55.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

McKenney, Mikaela Lee. "Coronary artery disease progression and calcification in metabolic syndrome." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6460.

Full text
Abstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
For years, the leading killer of Americans has been coronary artery disease (CAD), which has a strong correlation to the U.S. obesity epidemic. Obesity, along with the presence of other risk factors including hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, comprise of the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The presentation of multiple MetS risk factors increases a patients risk for adverse cardiovascular events. CAD is a complex progressive disease. We utilized the superb model of CAD and MetS, the Ossabaw miniature swine, to investigate underlying mechanisms of CAD progression. We studied the influence of coronary epicardial adipose tissue (cEAT) and coronary smooth muscle cell (CSM) intracellular Ca2+ regulation on CAD progression. By surgical excision of cEAT from MetS Ossabaw, we observed an attenuation of CAD progression. This finding provides evidence for a link between local cEAT and CAD progression. Intracellular Ca2+ is a tightly regulated messenger in CSM that initiates contraction, translation, proliferation and migration. When regulation is lost, CSM dedifferentiate from their mature, contractile phenotype found in the healthy vascular wall to a synthetic, proliferative phenotype. Synthetic CSM are found in intimal plaque of CAD patients. We investigated the changes in intracellular Ca2+ signaling in enzymatically isolated CSM from Ossabaw swine with varying stages of CAD using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, fura-2. This time course study revealed heightened Ca2+ signaling in early CAD followed by a significant drop off in late stage calcified plaque. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a result of dedifferentiation into an osteogenic CSM that secretes hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix. CAC is clinically detected by computed tomography (CT). Microcalcifications have been linked to plaque instability/rupture and cannot be detected by CT. We used 18F-NaF positron emission tomography (PET) to detect CAC in Ossabaw swine with early stage CAD shown by mild neointimal thickening. This study validated 18F-NaF PET as a diagnostic tool for early, molecular CAC at a stage prior to lesions detectable by CT. This is the first report showing non-invasive PET resolution of CAC and CSMC Ca2+ dysfunction at an early stage previously only characterized by invasive cellular Ca2+ imaging.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Circus animals – United States"

1

Circus dreams. New York, NY: Rizzoli International Publications, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Circus Amerika. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Animals and habitats of the United States. New York, N.Y: Penguin Group, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Fossil nonmarine ostracoda of the United States. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

E, Gessler J., ed. The rise of the American circus, 1716-1899. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service., ed. Animal care: Safeguarding the welfare of animals. [Riverdale, MD]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Johnson, J. E. Protected fishes of the United States and Canada. Bethesda, Md: American Fisheries Society, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

1954-, Shragg Karen, and Rogge Rachel 1971 illustrator, eds. Nature's yucky! 3: The Eastern United States. Missoula, Montana: Mountain Press Publishing Company, 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. and National Animal Health Monitoring System (U.S.), eds. Escherichia coli O157 in United States feedlots. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

McGavin, George. Insects of the United States and Canada. Chicago: World Book, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Circus animals – United States"

1

Garner, Robert. "The Politics of Animal Research in the United States." In Political Animals, 202–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26438-4_11.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Garner, Robert. "The Politics of Farm Animal Welfare in the United States." In Political Animals, 139–50. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26438-4_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Whipple, Diana L., and Mitchell V. Palmer. "Reemergence of Tuberculosis in Animals in the United States." In Emerging Diseases of Animals, 281–99. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818050.ch14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Maga, Elizabeth A., and James D. Murray. "Regulation of Genetically Engineered Animals." In Regulation of Agricultural Biotechnology: The United States and Canada, 301–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2156-2_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Murdock, Nora A. "Rare and Endangered Plants and Animals of Southern Appalachian Wetlands." In Wetlands of the Interior Southeastern United States, 189–209. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6579-2_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wuliji, T. "Alpaca breeding and production prospects in the United States." In Fibre production in South American camelids and other fibre animals, 233. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-727-1_32.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Weber, N. E. "Use of Xenobiotics in Food-Producing Animals in the United States." In ACS Symposium Series, 17–25. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0503.ch002.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Wuliji, T. "Fibre production and fibre characteristics of alpacas farmed in United States." In Fibre production in South American camelids and other fibre animals, 65–72. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-727-1_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Niering, William A. "Endangered, Threatened and Rare Wetland Plants and Animals of the Continental United States." In The Ecology and Management of Wetlands, 227–38. New York, NY: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8378-9_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Niering, William A. "Endangered, Threatened and Rare Wetland Plants and Animals of the Continental United States." In The Ecology and Management of Wetlands, 227–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7392-6_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Circus animals – United States"

1

Nolan, Rhiannon Z., Emily F. Smith, and Sara B. Pruss. "THE ABUNDANCE OF ANIMALS IN LOWER CAMBRIAN CARBONATES OF THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: THE EFFECTS OF THE ARCHAEOCYATHAN EXTINCTION ON BENTHIC COMMUNITIES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322445.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Laskowski, Christina, Todd Snelson, and Saadia Safir. "Sustain-A-Bear™: Applying Manufacturing Sustainability Practices to Plush Stuffed Animals." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84224.

Full text
Abstract:
The stuffed toy market is quite large, with some manufacturers earning nearly half a billion dollars in revenue per year. However, the vast majority of manufacturers do not currently employ sustainable manufacturing techniques. This paper documents the development of a cost-effective stuffed product by placing an emphasis on sustainability within the design process while maintaining the user appeal of a traditional teddy bear. Specifications were determined by analyzing each of the four stages of the product timeline (extraction, manufacture, use, and disposal) to ensure that sustainability was considered throughout the lifecycle of the product. Material choice was a main focus of the extraction stage, and limiting new material usage was an important goal. Considerations for the manufacturing stage included carbon dioxide produced, waste generated, toxicity, and packaging. Specifications regarding the consumer’s use of the product included user appeal, stain resistance, durability, price, and safety concerns. Objectives of the last stage, disposal, included plans to minimize the amount of material sent to landfills by making the product easier to store, improving ease of recycling, and reducing transportation required. These specifications, importance ratings, marginal values, and ideal values are discussed. While investigating more sustainable manufacturing practices, many solutions were found, and the practicality of these solutions was investigated. By incorporating these solutions, the product — Sustain-A-Bear™ — met specifications, embodied sustainability, and also proved cost competitive. Once specification-level analysis was complete, multiple bears were constructed, both to create a baseline for comparison with standard stuffed animal assembly and also to aid in the development of a more sustainable assembly process. Through the use of ultrasonic welding for material bonding to thermally weld materials together and through the use of specialized platens, the bear was assembled from PET fleece (recycled from plastic soda bottles) using significantly less time and energy than that required to sew a bear together. Part reduction and shape simplification also aided bear assembly throughput. Furthermore, tensile testing on an Instron machine yielded results better than those resulting from sewing, owing largely to the reduction of stress concentrations. Finally, overall cost analysis indicates that stuffed animals made in this fashion could, in fact, be affordably made in the United States.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Gernand, Jeremy M. "Particulate Matter: Fine and Ultrafine — How Emerging Data on Engineered Nanomaterials May Change How We Regulate Worker Exposures to Dust." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53056.

Full text
Abstract:
Currently in the United States, agencies responsible for regulations related to worker or public exposures to dust set rules based on a few general categories determined by gross particle size categories like PM10 (particles < 10 μm) and PM2.5 (particles < 2.5 μm) and the total mass of certain specific compounds (e.g., 3.5 mg/m3 of carbon black). Environmental health researchers however, have begun to focus on a new category of ultrafine particles (PM0.1; particles < 100 nm) as being more indicative of actual health risks in people. The emerging field of nanotoxicology meanwhile is providing new insights into how and why certain particles cause damage in the lungs by investigating the effects of exposure in animals to very well characterized engineered nanomaterials. Based on this recent research the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has issued new recommended exposure limits (RELs) for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles that are 2–3 orders of magnitude more stringent than RELs for larger particles of the same or similar substance. It remains unclear at present how stringent future regulations may be for engineered and inadvertently created nanoparticles or ultrafine dusts. Nor is it clear whether verification methods to demonstrate compliance with these rules could or should be devised to differentiate between engineered and inadvertently created nanoparticles. This study presents a review of the history of dust regulation in the United States, how emerging data on the health risks of ultrafine particles and engineered nanoparticles is changing our understanding of the risks of inhaled dust, and how future rulemaking in regards to these and similar particulate materials may unfold. This review shows the extent to which rules on dust have become more stringent over time specifically in the case of diesel emissions and silica exposure, and indicates that new rules on worker exposure to ultrafine dusts or engineered nanomaterials may be expected in the United States within 5–10 years based on past experience on the time delay in connecting research on new hazards to regulatory intervention. Current research suggests there will be several challenges to compliance with these rules depending on the structure of the final rule and the development of detection technologies. Although the research on ultrafine dust control technologies appears to indicate that once rulemaking begins there may be no serious feasibility limits to controlling these exposures. Based on ongoing exposure studies, those industries likely to be most affected by a new rule on ultrafine dusts not specific to engineered nanomaterials will include transportation, mining, paper and wood products, construction, and manufacturing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Johnson, Kyle, M. W. Trim, Mark F. Horstemeyer, and R. Prabhu. "Examination of Geometric Effects on Stress Wave Propagation and Applications in Football Helmet Design." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14544.

Full text
Abstract:
A recent study of college and high school football players demonstrated that 5.1% sustained at least one concussion in a single season. Considering the number of individuals that participate in football in the United States, this percentage equates to a staggering number [1]. The information and attention dealing with concussions and traumatic brain injury (TBI) has greatly increased recently, and represents a need for more advanced helmets that can eliminate concussions as well as other forms of TBI. In order to obtain this goal, lessons can be learned from high speed impacts in nature, particularly the shock-mitigating effects of the bighorn sheep’s (or ram’s) horn and woodpecker’s hyoid bone. For instance, during fights between male bighorn sheep, the rams clash together at speeds up to 5.5 m/s, causing forces up to 3400 N [2]. Even while undergoing these tremendous forces, the animals are rarely injured, which leads to the notion that the horn geometry plays a role in mitigating the shock wave. The woodpecker’s hyoid bone extends around the skull in a spiral shape. It aids the woodpecker in extending its tongue and helps bypass vibrations generated from drumming, which protects the brain from shock [3]. Does the reoccurrence of this curious (tapered spiral) shape throughout nature have some significance in regards to energy dissipation and shock absorption abilities inherent to its geometry? Answering this was the primary goal of this study.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Никитин, А. Б., and В. А. Гаибов. "Seleucid Bullae in the State Hermitage Collection." In Hypanis. Труды отдела классической археологии ИА РАН. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-94375-307-7.119-141.

Full text
Abstract:
Селевкидские буллы это небольшие куски глины или битума, крепившиеся к документам, обычно контрактам или налоговым счетам. Многие из булл несут на себе следы веревок (шнуров) или отпечатки папирусных свитков. Их поверхность покрыта оттисками печатей магистратов и свидетелей. Оттиски печатей на селевкидских буллах разнообразны. Изредка встречаются царские печати с изображениями правителей. Официальные печати содержат надписи: обозначение должности, административной единицы (например, название города), дату по эре Селевка (начиная с 312 г. до н.э.). Печати частных лиц, выступавших свидетелями, чаще всего анэпиграфны. На них изображались божества греческого пантеона, животные, реальные и фантастические, мужские и женские портреты, различные предметы. Селевкидские буллы происходят с территорий, в прошлом принадлежавших империи Селевкидов это Месопотамия и Сирия. Многочисленные буллы из разных музейных коллекций и найденные при раскопках месопотамских городов уже опубликованы. В Эрмитаже хранятся пятнадцать селевкидских булл, предположительно привезенных И.М. Дьяконовым из Кембриджа в 1954 году с 23го Международного конгресса востоковедов. Точных сведений о происхождении эрмитажных булл нет. Особый интерес среди них представляют два оттиска печатей, принадлежащие магистратам города Урук, ответственным за налоги, а также оттиск с указанием даты по эре Селевка (булла ДВ19114). Сюжеты, представленные на публикуемых буллах, весьма разнообразны, но в целом они не выходят за пределы обычных для печатей эллинистического времени изображений. Примечателен тот факт, что на парфянских буллах из Старой Нисы и из раскопок Гёбеклы-депе в Маргиане мы встречаем оттиски печатей с аналогичными сюжетами, что иллюстрирует преемственность традиций парфянской сфрагистики. Seleucid bullae are small lumps of clay or bitimen attached to documents, usually contracts or tax accounts. Many of them bear traces of cords or impressions from rolls of papyrus. They also bear impressions of seals belonging to officials or witnesses. The impressions are various. There are rare royal sealings with portraits of monarchs. Official seals often bear inscriptions indicating the owners office, administrative unit (the name of the city, for example) and date according to the Seleucid era (from 312 B.C.). Seals of private persons acting as witnesses most often have no inscriptions. They represent deities of the Greek Pantheon, animals, real and fantastic male and female portraits, different other objects. Seleucid bullae originate mainly from territories belonging in the past to the Seleucid kingdom - Mesopotamia and Syria. Numerous bullae from museum collections and from archaeological excavations have been already published. In the Hermitage Museum there are fifteen Seleucid bullae presumably brought by I.M. Diakonoff from Cambridge from the 23rd International Congress of Orientologists. Most interesting among these are two sealings of the magistrates of the city of Uruq responsible for taxes and one dated sealing (DV-19114). The images represented on the Hermitage bullae are various, however they all belong to the traditional circle of Hellenistic images. It is noteworthy that on Parthian bullae from Old Nisa and Goebekly-depe in Margiana there are many sealings with similar images illustrating the continuity of the Hellenistic-Parthian sphragistic tradition.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Utter, Brent, Brian Barnes, Jonathan Luntz, Diann Brei, Daniel H. Teitelbaum, Manabu Okawada, and Eiichi Miyasaka. "Design of an SMA Actuated Mechanotransductive Implant for Correcting Short Bowel Syndrome." In ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2010-3895.

Full text
Abstract:
Short bowel syndrome is a serious medical condition afflicting an estimated 20,000 to 200,000 people in the United States with mortality rates as high as 40%, despite current treatments. Recent research on mechanotransduction, the process through which mechanical load induces tissue growth, has successfully demonstrated permanent growth of healthy, functional bowel in small animals. Unfortunately, the underlying technological approaches limit further research of growth under different load profiles and extension to safe clinical devices. This paper presents a fully implantable bowel extender which expands via a unique Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) driven ratcheting mechanism, measures the bowel tension and load, and enables studies of mechanotransductive bowel tissue growth where the displacement or load may be controlled wirelessly in real-time. The architecture and operation of the bowel extender is illustrated, focusing on the SMA driven ratcheting mechanism that incrementally expands the device. To help visualize the SMA wire and reset spring design, an alternative graphical method is outlined which transforms the SMA material curves into a Reset View based on predictions of the system forces. An analytical model predicts the ratchet mechanism force with tooth and pawl geometry selected based on packaging, load-bearing, and kinematic constraints. Force limits to maintain tissue health are established from ex vivo and in vivo porcine small bowel loading experiments. The Reset View methodology is applied to design a bowel extender prototype which is used to experimentally validate the ratchet force model. The functionality device is demonstrated, operating against loads much larger than specified, validating the device’s ability to enable new studies of mechanotransductive bowel growth in pigs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Pelerin, Jennifer, BJ Bench, Madison Schaugaard, Jacob Swann, and Toniese Bailey. "Optimization of Oxidative Stress Indicator Workflows for Enhanced Quality Control of Rendered Meals and Fats Utilizing the CDR Foodlab Analyzer: Peroxide Value and Free Fatty Acids." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/wmzo3356.

Full text
Abstract:
In the United States, over 56 billion pounds of raw materials derived from animals are converted to approximately 9 and 10 billion pounds of rendered fats and protein meal, respectively. With this size and scope, quality control teams need methods that are reliable, accurate, intuitive, robust, and rapid are a necessity to keep up with the ever-growing demands to ensure finished product quality. Two primary indicators to evaluate oxidative stress of protein meals and fats are peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acid (FFA). Industry estimations due to no standardization of oxidative test methods costs the ingredient and food industries millions of dollars. Recently, leaders in various industries have come together to tackle these challenges through evaluating and validating new platforms. One such platform that was recognized is the CDR FoodLab analyzer, a pre-calibrated, easy to use photometer that can perform multiple oxidative stress analyses including PV and FFA in a variety of products. The rendering industry recognized the potential for this and industry leaders in conjunction with CDR FoodLab validated the equipment against the AOCS official methods Cd 8b-90 and Ca 5a-40, for PV and FFA, respectively.In this presentation, the innovative CDR FoodLab technology story will be presented that showcases how novel technologies can be validated and utilized by industries that need platforms that are reliable and intuitive. Included will be the data set from a major industry study where 75 mixed species protein meal samples were tested against the AOCS official method Cd 8b-90 with ether extraction as well as other rapid technologies. After that study, it was recognized that the technology could be exploited and standardized for other matrices with validations being presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Dygert, Joseph P., Melissa L. Morris, Erik M. Messick, and Patrick H. Browning. "Feasibility of an Energy Efficient Large-Scale Aquaponic Food Production and Distribution Facility." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6567.

Full text
Abstract:
Today the United States is plagued by societal issues, economic insecurity, and increasing health problems. Societal issues include lack of community inclusion, pollution, and access to healthy foods. The high unemployment coupled with the rising cost of crude oil derivatives, and the growing general gap between cost of living and minimum wage levels contribute to a crippled consumer-driven US economy. Health concerns include increasing levels of obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. These epidemics lead to staggering economic burdens costing Americans hundreds of billions of dollars each year. It is well-known that many of the health issues impacting Americans can be directly linked to the production, availability, and quality of the food. Factors contributing to the availability of food include reduction of United States farmland, an increase in food imported from overseas, and the cost of goods to the consumer. The quality of food is influenced by the method of growth as well as imposed preservation techniques to support food transportation and distribution. At the same time, it has become increasingly common to implement biotechnology in genetically modified crops for direct human food or indirectly as a livestock feed for animals consumed by humans. Crops are also routinely dosed with pesticides and hormones in an attempt to increase productivity and revenue, with little consideration or understanding of the long term health effects. Research shows that community gardens positively impact local employment, community involvement and inclusivity, and the diets of not only those involved in food production, but all members of their households. The purpose of this work is to determine the feasibility of an energy efficient large-scale aquaponic food production and distribution facility which could directly mitigate growing socioeconomic concerns in the US through applied best practices in sustainability. Aquaponics is a symbiotic relationship between aquaculture and hydroponics, where fish and plants grow harmoniously. The energy efficient facility would be located in an urban area, and employ solar panels, natural lighting, rain water reclamation, and a floor plan optimized for maximum food yield and energy efficiency. Examples of potential crops include multiple species of berries, corn, leafy vegetables, tomatoes, peppers, squash, and carrots. Potential livestock include responsibly farmed tilapia, shrimp, crayfish, and oysters. The large scale aquaponic facility shows a lengthy period for financial return on investment whether traditional style construction of the building or a green construction style is used. However many forms of federal government aid and outside assistance exist for green construction to help drive down the risk in the higher initial investment which in the long run could end up being more profitable than going with a traditionally constructed building. Outside of financial return there are many proven, positive impacts that a large-scale aquaponic facility would have. Among these are greater social involvement and inclusivity, job creation, increased availability of fresh food, and strengthening of America’s agriculture infrastructure leading to increased American independence.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Houston, Vern L., Gangming Luo, Carl P. Mason, Martin Mussman, MaryAnne Garbarini, Aaron C. Beattie, and Chaiya Thongpop. "FEA Optimization of Pedorthic Treatment for Podalgia." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23095.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Foot problems are quite common. Epidemiological studies have shown as many as 86% of elderly individuals report having problems with their feet, ranging from calluses, cracking and ingrown nails to inflammation, swelling, ischemia, ulceration, and gangrenous necrosis [1]. Persons suffering chronic Diabetes Mellitus are at particular risk of trauma to their feet because of peripheral neuropathy, plantar fat pad and muscle atrophy, and vascular insufficiency. Half of all lower limb amputations each year in the United States are performed on diabetics because of foot and ankle injuries that fail to heal [2]. At the very least, podalgia and pedal trauma restrict person’s mobility and limit their independence, impacting their fiscal as well as their physical well-being. With the exception of memorable catastrophic events, the etiopathogenesis of podalgia and other problems contributing to pedal trauma are generally not well understood. In work with Hansen’s disease and diabetic patients, Brand et al. [3] showed that stresses as small as 1/2 psi could produce trauma in the foot fat pads of even healthy animals, if chronically and repetitively applied without adequate time for tissues to recover and rest, Pedorthic insoles (often with orthopedic shoes) are prescribed for curative as well as prophylactic treatment of podalgia and pedal trauma, especially for diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease, and arthritic patients with osseous deformity. There are hundreds of such devices commercially available, that range in composition and mechanical characteristics from extremely soft silicone elastomers to stiff plastic and metal plates. They maybe thin or thick, flat or custom milled with precision CAD/CAM systems using 3D laser scans of the individual’s feet to match their pedal contours. Although numerous studies [4, 5, 6] have been conducted, measuring pedal plantar interface stresses, no general quantitative principles for design, performance assessment, or prescription have been developed. These procedures remain highly subjective, and quite variable, depending upon the training, experience, and skill of the patient’s pedorthotist, podiatrist, and/or physcian. The objective of this study was to investigate the stresses and strains incurred in the soft plantar tissues of the foot as a function of insole material and design geometry to enhance understanding of footwear biomechanics and contribute to development of quantitative criteria for prescription, design, and performance assessment of pedorthic footwear.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Khandaker, Morshed, Onur Can Kalay, Fatih Karpat, Amgad Haleem, Wendy Williams, Kari E. Boyce, Erik Clary, and Kshitijkumar Agrawal. "The Effect of Micro Grooving on Goat Total Knee Replacement: A Finite Element Study." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24136.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract A method to improve the mechanical fixation of a total knee replacement (TKR) implant is clinically important and is the purpose of this study. More than one million joint replacement procedures are performed in people each year in the United States, and experts predict the number to increase six-fold by the year 2030. Whether cemented or uncemented, joint prostheses may destabilize over time and necessitate revision. Approximately 40,000 hip arthroplasty surgeries have to be revised each year and the rate is expected to increase by approximately 140% (and by 600% for total knee replacement) over the next 25 years. In veterinary surgery, joint replacement has a long history and the phenomenon of surgical revision is also well recognized. For the betterment of both people and animals, improving the longevity of arthroplasty devices is of the utmost clinical importance, and towards that end, several strategies are under investigation. One approach that we explore in the present research is to improve the biomechanical performance of cemented implant systems by altering the implant surface architecture in a way that facilitates its cement bonding capacity. Beginning with the Charnley system, early femoral stems were polished smooth, but a number of subsequent designs have featured a roughened surface — created with bead or grit blasting — to improve cement bonding. Failure at the implant-cement interface remains an issue with these newer designs, leading us to explore in this present research an alternate, novel approach to surface alteration — specifically, laser microgrooving. This study used various microgrooves architectures that is feasible using a laser micromachining process on a tibia tray (TT) for the goat TKR. Developing the laser microgrooving (LM) procedure, we hypothesized feasibility in producing parallel microgrooves of precise dimensions and spacing on both flat and round metallic surfaces. We further hypothesized that laser microgrooving would increase surface area and roughness of the cement interface of test metallic implants and that such would translate into an improved acute mechanical performance as assessed in vitro under both static and cyclic loads. The objective was to develop a computational model to determine the effect of LIM on the tibial tray to the mechanical stimuli distributions from implant to bone using the finite element method. This study designed goat TT 3D solid model from a computer topography (CT) images, out of which three different laser microgrooves were engraved on TT sample by varying depth, height and space between two adjacent grooves. The simulation test results concluded that microgrooves acchitecures positively influence microstrain behavior around the implant/bone interfaces. There is a higher amount of strain observed for microgroove implant/bone samples compared to non-groove implant/bone samples. Thus, the laser-induced microgrooves have the potential to be used clinically in TKR components.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Circus animals – United States"

1

Matthew, Gray. Data from "Winter is Coming – Temperature Affects Immune Defenses and Susceptibility to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans". University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/t7sallfxxe.

Full text
Abstract:
Environmental temperature is a key factor driving various biological processes, including immune defenses and host-pathogen interactions. Here, we evaluated the effects of environmental temperature on the pathogenicity of the emerging fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), using controlled laboratory experiments, and measured components of host immune defense to identify regulating mechanisms. We found that adult and juvenile Notophthalmus viridescens died faster due to Bsal chytridiomycosis at 14 ºC than at 6 and 22 ºC. Pathogen replication rates, total available proteins on the skin, and microbiome composition likely drove these relationships. Temperature-dependent skin microbiome composition in our laboratory experiments matched seasonal trends in wild N. viridescens, adding validity to these results. We also found that hydrophobic peptide production after two months post-exposure to Bsal was reduced in infected animals compared to controls, perhaps due to peptide release earlier in infection or impaired granular gland function in diseased animals. Using our temperature-dependent infection results, we performed a geographic analysis that suggested that N. viridescens populations in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada are at greatest risk for Bsal invasion. Our results indicate that environmental temperature will play a key role in the epidemiology of Bsal and provide evidence that temperature manipulations may be a viable Bsal management strategy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Splitter, Gary, Zeev Trainin, and Yacov Brenner. Lymphocyte Response to Genetically Engineered Bovine Leukemia Virus Proteins in Persistently Lymphocytic Cattle from Israel and the U.S. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570556.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
The goal of this proposal was to identify proteins of BLV recognized by lymphocyte subpopulations and determine the contribution of these proteins to viral pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that BLV pathogenesis is governed by the T-cell response and that the immune system likely plays an important role in controlling the utcome of infection. Our studies presented in ths final report demonstrate that T cell competency declines with advancing stages of infection. Dramatic differences were observed in lymphocyte proliferation to recombinant proteins encoded by BLV gag (p12, p15, and p24) and env (gp30 and gp15) genes in different disease stages. Because retroviruses are known to mutate frequently, examinatin of infected cattle from both Israel and the United States will likely detect variability in the immune response. This combined research approach provides the first opportunity to selectively address the importance of T-cell proliferation to BLV proteins and cytokines produced during different stages of BLV infection. Lack of this information regarding BLV infection has hindered understanding lympocyte regulation of BLV pathogenesis. We have developed the essential reagents necessary to determine the prominence of different lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines produced during the different disease stages within the natural host. We found that type 1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-g) increased in PBMCs from animals in early disease, and decreasd in PBMCs from animals in late disease stages of BLV infection, while IL-10, increased with disease progression. Recently, a dichotomy between IL-12 and IL-10 has emerged in regards to progression of a variety of diseases. IL-12 activates type 1 cytokine production and has an antagonistic effect on type 2 cytokines. Here, using quantitative competitive PCR, we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bovine leukemia virus infected animals in the alymphocytotic disease stage express increased amount of IL-12 p40 mRNA. In contrast, IL-12 p40 mRNA expression by PL animals was significantly decreased compared to normal and alymphocytotic animals. To examine the functions of these cytokines on BLV expression, BLV tax and pol mRNA expression and p24 protein production were quantified by competitive PCR, and by immunoblotting, respectively. IL-10 inhibited BLV tax and pol mRNA expression by BLV-infected PBMCs. In addition, we determined that macrophages secret soluble factor(s) that activate BLV expression, and that secretion of the soluble factor(s) could be inhibited by IL-10. In contrast, IL-2 increased BLV tax and pol mRNA, and p24 protein production. These findings suggest that macrophages have a key role in regulating BLV expression, and IL-10 produced by BLV-infected animals in late disease stages may serve to control BLV expression, while IL-2 in the early stage of disease may activate BLV expression. PGE2 is an important immune regulator produced only by macrophages, and is known to facilitate HIV replication. We hypothesized that PGE2 may regulate BLV expression. Here, we show that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was decreased in PBMCs treated with IL-10, while IL-2 enhanced COX-2 mRNA expression. In contrast, addition of PGE2 stimulated BLV tax and pol mRNA expression. In addition, the specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, inhibited BLV expression, while addition of PGE2 increased BLV tax expression regardless of NS-398. These findings suggest that macrophage derived cyclooxygenase -2 products, such as PGE2, may regulate virus expression and disease rogression in BLV infection, and that cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) may regulate BLV expression through PGE2 production.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.

Full text
Abstract:
Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine, and Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Brayton, Kelly A., Varda Shkap, Guy H. Palmer, Wendy C. Brown, and Thea Molad. Control of Bovine Anaplasmosis: Protective Capacity of the MSP2 Allelic Repertoire. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699838.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Anaplasmosis is an arthropod-borne disease of cattle caused by the rickettsia Anaplasmamarginale and is an impediment to efficient production of healthy livestock in both Israel and the United States. Currently, the only effective vaccines are derived from the blood of infected cattle. The risk of widespread transmission of both known and newly emergent pathogens has prevented licensure of live blood-based vaccines in the U.S. and is a major concern for their continued use in Israel. Consequently, development of a safe, effective vaccine is a high priority. Despite its drawbacks as a live, blood-based vaccine, the Israel vaccine strain protects against disease upon challenge with wild-type A. marginale in extensive experimental trials and during 50 years of deployment in Israel. Field studies in Australia and Argentina indicate that this protection is broadly effective. Thus, to identify antigens for development of a safe and effective recombinant vaccine, we have used a comparative genomics approach by sequencing the Israel vaccine strain and searching for shared surface antigens with sequenced wild-type U.S. strains. We have focused on Msp2, the immune-dominant but antigenically variable surface protein, based on shared structure among strains and demonstration that antibody from cattle immunized with the Israel vaccine strain binds Msp2 from the genetically and geographically distinct U.S. St. Maries strain, consistent with the ability to protect against St. Maries challenge. Importantly, we have defined the full repertoire of Msp2 simple variants encoded by the vaccine strain and hypothesize that a recombinant vaccine encoding this full repertoire will induce protection equivalent to that induced by the live vaccine strain. Any escape from immunity by generation of complex Msp2 variants is predicted to carry a severe fitness cost that prevents high-level bacteremia and disease— consistent with the type of protection induced by the live vaccine strain. We tested the hypothesis that the Msp2 simple variant repertoires in wild-type A. marginale strains are recognized by antibody from cattle immunized with the Israel vaccine strain and that immunization with the vaccine strain Msp2 repertoire can recapitulate the protection provided by the vaccine strain upon challenge with Israel and U.S. strains of A. marginale. Our findings demonstrate that a set of conserved outer membrane proteins are recognized by immune serum from A. centrale vaccinated animals but that this set of proteins does not include Msp2. These findings suggest that “subdominant” immunogens are required for vaccine induced protection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

2004 United States Animal Health Report. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7204064.aphis.

Full text
Abstract:
This report—a national overview of domestic animal health in the United States for 2004—is a direct result of an external review of the Nation’s animal health safeguarding system. The Animal Health Safeguarding Review assessed the performance, processes, and procedures used to ensure the success of the mission of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)–Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Veterinary Services (VS) program: to protect and to improve the health, quality, and marketability of our Nation’s animals, animal products, and veterinary biologics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Circus animals – United States' for particular source types:
Journal articles Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography