Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Circulation subpolaire'
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Petit, Tillys. "Caractérisation de la circulation autour, au-dessus et à travers (via des zones de fracture) la dorsale de Reykjanes." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0061/document.
Full textThe Reykjanes Ridge is a major topographic feature of the North-Atlantic Ocean that extends from Iceland to the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone. Located between the Iceland Basin and the Irminger Sea, the Reykjanes Ridge strongly influences the subpolar gyre circulation and is a gate toward the deep convection areas. However, the circulation and distribution across the Reykjanes Ridge has never been directly quantified such that the characterization of the connection between the Iceland Basin and the Irminger Sea is still incomplete. As part of the Reykjanes Ridge Experiment project, we were able to analyze the circulation around, above and across the Reykjanes Ridge. Mainly based on hydrographic sections along and perpendicular to the ridge axis, the aim of this PhD thesis was thus to characterize the 3-D circulation and properties of the flow along and across the Reykjanes Ridge.We started by accurately quantifying geostrophic transports across the sections, which led to improvements in the treatment of S-ADCP data. Across the Reykjanes Ridge, the intensity of the wesward branch of the subpolar gyre was estimated at21.9 + 2.5 Sv in June – July 2015 with intensifications at the Bight Fracture Zone (BFZ) and at 59 – 62°N. At the BFZ, overflow waters are influenced by the bathymetry such as their hydrological properties evolve as they cross the Reykjanes Ridge. Finally, both the bathymetry and the cyclonic horizontal circulation of the Iceland Basin regulate the evoluton of the along-ridge flows by blocking water masses, and thus shaping the water mass distribution over the Reykjanes Ridge. In addition to waters from the crossridge flow, the Irminger Current incorporates waters from the center of the Irminger Sea
Talandier, Claude. "La dynamique du courant profond de bord ouest dans l'Atlantique Nord et son influence sur la circulation méridienne moyenne." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0020/document.
Full textThe present study tackles the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) dynamics in the North Atlantic basin as its impact on the AMOC. The DWBC advects dense water masses equatorward, produced in the subpolar gyre, and is one of the major component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This circulation contributes to the northward heat transport to high latitudes and allows to stabilise climate. When computing the AMOC in different ocean general circulation models (OGCM), results cover a wide range of intensity, spatial shape and temporal variability. Such response diversity is due to several factors. One of them is the remaining uncertainty on the link between dense water formation due to convection in the subpolar gyre, which contributes to connect the AMOC upper and lower branches, and the AMOC intensity at mid-latitudes. Those uncertainties are largely due to the knowledge gap of the deep circulation in North Atlantic because its direct observation is difficult and incorrectly reproduced in ocean models with a low spatial resolution. The methodology used rely on realistic numerical simulations based on the NEMO ocean general circulation model. Three configurations with an increasing spatial resolution have been developped using the grid refinement tool AGRIF : a global grid at 1/2◦ resolution (ORCA configuration), within which a first refined grid at 1/8◦ covering the whole North Atlantic (ERNA configuration) in which a second grid at 1/32◦ over the subpolar gyre (FER configuration). Both ERNA and FER are advanced and original by two aspects; they include a Sea-Ice model within embedded grids and FER reaches a high horizontal resolution over the subpolar gyre. We study the spatial horizontal resolution impact on the mean circulation in the North Atlantic with a focus on the AMOC contrasting simulations obtained with ORCA and ERNA solutions. Increasing the resolution improves the western boundary current dynamics at surface and depth. Indeed, the DWBC transport is intensified by 8Sv in the subpolar gyre partly due to a better representation of overflows coming from Nordic Seas through the Denmark Strait. Furthermore in ORCA the DWBC flows to the south along the Mid-Atlantic ridge ; in ERNA the flow along western continental shelf is dominant while a secondary circulation within the subpolar gyre arises being in better agreement with observations. The path followed by the DWBC along the continental shelf allows an interaction between surface and deep currents which seems to result both in an AMOC intensification and a maxima located close to 35 ̊N. This result tends to limit the influence of the convection, occuring at high latitudes, on the AMOC intensity at mid latitudes, often raised, and shed light on a modulation process of the AMOC intensity through the surface and deep currents interaction. We then addressed the thermohaline and the dynamical structure of the DWBC, asssocia- ted with the mesoscale representation, within the Labrador Sea using the FER configuration. With this configuration, which solved explicitly mesoscale eddies in the subpolar gyre, tempera- ture and salinity drift are clearly reduced compare to ERNA. Furthermore the vertical DWBC structure, especially its barotropisation from the eatstern to western side of the AR7W section within the Labrador Sea, is in very good agrement with observations. Using a simplified equation for relative vorticity, we try to identify the main processes handling the DWBC dynamics. The analysis reveals that the stretching associated with vertical velocities above topography and exchanges between isopycnal layers within boundary current dominate the vorticity balance. We also identify two areas within the DWBC where diapynal flux occur : along the Labrador Current on the western side of the Labrador Sea and seaward of Cape Desolation where eddy activity is marked. These results are close to two previous studies based on conceptual model and […]
Bouinot, Thomas. "Variabilité de la circulation méridienne dans l’Océan Atlantique Nord au cours des 2000 dernières années." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112322/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis was to study the surface oceanic circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean during the last 2,000 years, and its link with the intensity of the subpolar and the subtropical gyres. To fulfill these objectives, I studied sediment cores with a high sedimentation rate to reconstruct the multidecadal variability of the temperature and the water column stratification, controlled by the dynamic of oceanic gyres. To improve the marine paleoclimatic signal recorded from planktonic foraminifera, I constrained their growing season and their calcification depth by analyzing the oxygen isotopic composition of their calcitic shells. I also established calibrations between Mg/Ca ratio and temperature for the main species used.I applied these calibrations to reconstruct the hydrological conditions in key areas of the North Atlantic Ocean. I constructed an index of the subpolar gyre that traduces the dynamic intensity of the subpolar gyre and the subtropical gyre. I also studied the variability of the upper water column based on the analysis of deep-dwelling foraminifera. I interpret past changes in the water column stratification as resulting from changes in the intensity of Westerly winds. The similarities between the wind forcing evolution and the index of the subpolar gyre dynamics led me to propose a coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere on the multidecadal time scale. The consequences of the gyres dynamic on heat transport and the impacts of the change in westerly wind strength on European climate are studied in the last part of the manuscript
Boisséson, Éric de. "Les eaux modales du gyre subpolaire de l’Atlantique Nord : origine, formation, variabilité." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2001.
Full textThe subpolar mode waters of the North Atlantic ocean play a key role in the general oceanic surface circulation. Their life cycle bas only been described from an average of observations collected during several decades. This description avoids the real time scale of the life cycle of the mode waters and smooths their variability. This thesis work deals with these two parameters by analysing both the ORCA025-G70 model fields and the observations. The lagrangian analysis of the ORCAO25-G70 fields highlights the key role of the North Atlantic current in the life cycle of the mode waters. The time scales of this cycle are very short. The surface atmospheric fluxes and the mixing are the formation processes of the mode waters. These ones are rapidly advected by the North Atlantic Current toward the areas of deep convection. If the mode water formation is driven by the atmospheric fluxes, the mode Water variability le driven by the advection. This variability is linked to the variable intensity of the main branches of the North Atlantic current in the subpolar gyre. These variations are linked to the variable influence of the subpolar and subtropical contributions to the mode water feeding. This relative influence is responsible for the great changes in the subpolar mode water properties observed in the past decades. The processes describes by the model are close to the observations. Therefore, we consider from a heat budget calculation that the Argo array should be able to provide a precise description of the mode water formation and variability on a pentadal to decadal time scale
Desbruyères, Damien. "Variabilité de la circulation méridienne de retournement et du contenu de chaleur dans le gyre subpolaire de l'Atlantique Nord." Thesis, Brest, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BRES0074/document.
Full textThe meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) of the North Atlantic ocean is a key component of the global climate system, through its role in redistributing heat, freshwater end chemical properties between low and high latitude regions. In mid-high latitude regions, the North Atlantic Current (NAC) forms the upper limb of the MOC. It flows northeastward at the subtropical/subpolar boundary, and splits into two main branches in the eastern subpolar gyre: a northern branch that recirculates within the subpolar region and a southern branch that feed the Nordic Seas.A realistic eddy-permitting simulation (ORCA025-G70, 1/4°) is combined with a Lagrangian analysis tool (ARIANE) to investigate the MOC variability (1965-2004) across the A25-Ovide line, which joins Greenland to Portugal. Two vertical overturning cells are identified: a subtropical cell connecting low and high latitudes (12Sv) and a cell internal to the subpolar gyre (4Sv). The decadal MOC variability is associated with synchronized transport changes of the subtropical and subpolar inflow within the NAC. The latter undergoes important horizontal restructuring with opposed transport changes of its northern and southern branches. Those horizontal transport changes are largely induced by the horizontal variability of the subtropical inflow.Changes in oceanic heat transport across A25-Ovide are largely responsible for the observed heat content changes in the eastern subpolar gyre (1965-2004). Heat transport variability at A25-Ovide results from an imbalance between opposed changes in its velocity and temperature components. Both temperature and velocity anomalies are partly reflected in large scale heaves of isopycnals, and potentially relate to the varying proportion of warm subtropical waters and cold subpolar waters advected within the northern NAC branch.A 2000’s mean full-depth circulation computed along the merged AR7W/A25-Ovide line from repeated hydrographic profile and altimetry data indicates a minor contribution of the Labrador Sea to the basin wide mean MOC. However, the strength of the diapycnal overturning at AR7W has almost halved between the 1990’s and the 2000’s, confirming the importance of the region for the low-frequency MOC Variability
Gourcuff, Claire. "Étude de la variabilité de la circulation du gyre subpolaire de l’Atlantique Nord à partir des données Ovide et des mesures satellitaires." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2042.
Full textThe cyclonic circulation of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, between 50°N and 63°N, plays a key role in the climate variability. The Ovide program contributes to the observation of the circulation in this region. A section is repeated every two years in summer since 2002 between Greenland and Portugal following a path close the Fourex 1997 section. To get transport estimates across the sections, a geostrophic box inverse model is used, constrained with direct current measurements. Our new estimates of Fourex transports show the need to use constraints temporally associated with the section to get transports estimates representative of the circulation at the section realisation dates. It is also shown that altimetry velocities can be used instead of ADCP measurements to get transports across sections with the inverse model, provided that the a priori errors is correctly evaluated. Analysis of circulation across Ovide 2006 section display significantly weaker transports compared to 1997, 2002 and 2004, for aIl the main currents as well as for the Meridional Overturning Cell and the heat transport. Altimetry is used to interpret surface variability along the Ovide section from 1992 to 2007. An index is defined, which seems to indicate that northward surface transport was especially low during the whole year 2006 and turn back to less extreme values in the following years. Variability in freshwater fluxes across Fourex 1997, Ovide 2002, 2004 and 2006 sections is revealed in the last chapter, together with the EGCC position. This coastal current transport represents 15% of the total freshwater transport across the section
Bouinot, Thomas. "Variabilité de la circulation méridienne dans l'Océan Atlantique Nord au cours des 2000 dernières années." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679528.
Full textBallini, Marine. "Etude des variations millénaires de la dynamique des eaux profondes dans l'Atlantique Nord pendant la dernière période glaciaire : approche magnétique, minéralogique et géochimique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112110.
Full textAuger, Matthis. "Variability and Changes of Hydrography and Circulation in the Subpolar Southern Ocean." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS086.
Full textThe Southern Ocean is central to the global oceanic circulation and climate. This region is however on the frontline of human-induced climate change, through intense uptake of anthropogenic heat and carbon. Consequently, the Southern Ocean has experienced important changes in its hydrography and circulation over the last decades. Its subpolar part, south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, hosts large circulation systems of importance for the production of water masses and their associate heat and carbon content, for ocean interactions with sea-ice and ice-shelves, and consequently for global mean sea level. Observations are still sparse in that region, particularly in wintertime when it is covered by sea ice. Thus, the regional response of the subpolar Southern Ocean hydrography and circulation to interactions with the atmosphere, cryosphere, and background circulation at various spatial and time scales is still under active research.In this thesis, I contribute to observing the variability and long-term changes of the hydrography and circulation of the subpolar Southern Ocean, and to unveil the mechanisms driving their variability. I first observe the long-term temperature changes in the upper layer of the Southern Ocean, from repeated ship-based measurement transects over 25 years. Besides previously documented trends, I refine the monitoring on the still poorly observed warming and shallowing of the warm subsurface water of the Southern Ocean. The long term warming is stronger than interannual variability, and the shallowing rate is 3 to 9 times the previously estimated one. In a second part, I develop and exploit an ocean topography dataset, spanning six years of measurements over the whole Southern Ocean south of 50°S. This dataset allows me to explore the variability of the subpolar Southern Ocean circulation, particularly the seasonal cycle of the large-scale circulation and the mesoscale variability under sea ice. At the seasonal scale, the circulation of the Weddell and Ross gyres, and the Antarctic Slope Current are mainly dictated by three modes of variability, principally linked to the surface stress of the wind on the surface of the ocean and its modulation by the sea ice. The mesoscale variability is weak outside the energetic Antarctic slope current in the pack ice, while the marginal ice zone seems to be a region with enhanced cyclonic eddies generation. The implications of these results on the physical processes of the Southern Ocean and its long-term changes are discussed
Corbière, Antoine. "Variabilité interannuelle à décennale du cycle océanique du carbone dans le gyre subpolaire de l'Océan Atlantique Nord." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066568.
Full textDale, Alizée. "Contributions des processus physiques à la variabilité récente (1980-2015) des concentrations en nutriments dans le gyre subpolaire en Atlantique Nord." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ024.
Full textThe Subpolar Gyre (SPG) of the North Atlantic plays a key role in the carbon cycle and climate variability. It is the site of a vigorous spring phytoplankton bloom, maintained by the seasonal transport of nutrients in association with light. Macro-nutrients (NO3, PO4, DSi) are supplied predominantly to the mixed layer by lateral transport from high latitudes (mainly through the Davis and Hudson Straits), from lower latitudes by the North Atlantic Current, or by vertical transport from below the mixed layer where higher concentrations are present. These supply processes have been suggested to vary in response to the North Atlantic Oscillation, a major mode of natural climate variability. When the NAO index is negative, as it was the case from the mid-1990s to the end of the 2000s, physical conditions are similar to those projected under climate change (i.e. , warming and freshening, weakening of deep convection, slowing down of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, increasing straatification. During the same period, a decline in macro-nutrient concentrations was observed throughout the region leading to the hypothesis that underlying processes could be similar to those acting under global warming to reduce mixed layer nutrient levels. The main objective of this thesis was to analyze and quantify the contributions of dynamic processes (i.e., lateral and vertical transport) to the observed variability in macro-nutrient mixed layer concentrations over the SPG between 1980 and 2015. The analysis used a coupled physical-biogeochemical model (NEMO-PISCES) discretized on a quarter-degree grid. An assessment of the model's representation of the spatial and temporal variability of macro-nutrient concentrations and the main physical processes, such as deep convection in the Labrador Sea, and the lateral transport of water and nutrients, was carried out in comparison with data from observations. An initial focus was on the Labrador Sea, which is a region characterized by deep, intense, and variable winter convection, making it an ideal laboratory for distinguishing the role of variability in deep winter convection from that of the Subpolar Gyre circulation and inputs from the Arctic Ocean. Despite some weakening, the contribution of changes of Arctic DSi transport through the Davis and Hudson Straits to observed nutrient variability was shown to be negligible (= 3%). Deep convection was identified as the main driver of the decline in pre-bloom DSi concentrations in the Labrador Sea. The study was extended next to the broader SPG, with assessment of the recent variability of macro-nutrient concentrations in the mixed layer through analysis of the variability of lateral and vertical transports between a period of strong positive NAO, a period of negative NAO, and the period following. In addition to the temporal variability of concentrations in response to atmospheric forcing, regional differences emerge, with a contribution dominated by vertical transport in the Labrador and Irminger Seas, led by variations in the depth of the mixed layer. Zonally-integrated nutrient transport east and north of the SPG are coherent with the variability of nutrient within the SPG but decoupled from nutrient transported by the Gulf stream via the North Atlantic Current west of 38°N. In this thesis, I highlighted the predominance of vertical mixing in the contemporary variability of nutrient concentrations compared with lateral inputs. I show that a slowing of the general circulation associated with stratification of the water column leading to the weakening of vertical nutrient fluxes, as is the case under projected climate change conditions, would lead to a reduction in macronutrient concentrations and potential future primary production in the SPG
Chafik, Léon. "Dynamics and Variability of the Circulation in the North-Atlantic Subpolar Seas." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Meteorologiska institutionen (MISU), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-101305.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted. Paper 5: Manuscript.
Brambilla, Elena. "The upper limb of the North Atlantic overturning circulation investigation of the subtropical-subpolar gyre exchange and Subpolar Mode Water /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3237551.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed December 12, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Holliday, Naomi Penelope. "The interannual variability of the circulation and ventilation of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250232.
Full textWalicka, Kamila. "Impacts of basin-scale forcing on the circulation of the Faroe-Shetland Channel." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2019. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=240735.
Full textKieke, Dagmar [Verfasser]. "Water mass circulation and variability in the subpolar North Atlantic / von Dagmar Kieke." 2005. http://d-nb.info/975465430/34.
Full textTesdal, Jan-Erik. "Circulation changes associated with freshwater and heat content variability and implications for biological productivity in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-36h5-xz52.
Full textBurkholder, Kristin Cashman. "Subtropical to Subpolar Lagrangian Pathways in the North Atlantic and Their Impact on High Latitude Property Fields." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5686.
Full textIn response to the differential heating of the earth, atmospheric and oceanic flows constantly act to carry surplus energy from low to high latitudes. In the ocean, this poleward energy flux occurs as part of the large scale meridional overturning circulation: warm, shallow waters are transported to high latitudes where they cool and sink, then follow subsurface pathways equatorward until they are once again upwelled to the surface and reheated. In the North Atlantic, the upper limb of this circulation has always been explained in simplistic terms: the Gulf Stream/North Atlantic Current system carries surface waters directly to high latitudes, resulting in elevated sea surface temperatures in the eastern subpolar gyre, and, because the prevailing winds sweeping across the Atlantic are warmed by these waters, anomalously warm temperatures in Western Europe. This view has long been supported by Eulerian measurements of North Atlantic sea surface temperature and surface velocities, which imply a direct and continuous transport of surface waters between the two gyres. However, though the importance of this redistribution of heat from low to high latitudes has been broadly recognized, few studies have focused on this transport within the Lagrangian frame.
The three studies included in this dissertation use data from the observational record and from a high resolution model of ocean circulation to re-examine our understanding of upper limb transport between the subtropical and subpolar gyres. Specifically, each chapter explores intergyre Lagrangian pathways and investigates the impact of those pathways on subpolar property fields. The findings from the studies suggest that intergyre transport pathways are primarily located beneath the surface and that subtropical surface waters are largely absent from the intergyre exchange process, a very different image of intergyre transport than that compiled from Eulerian data alone. As such, these studies also highlight the importance of including 3d Lagrangian information in examinations of transport pathways.
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