Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Circulation océanique profonde'
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Forner, Sandra. "Utilisation des CFC et du CCL4 dans l'étude de la circulation profonde de l'Atlantique Nord." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES2021.
Full textCFC are anthropogenic. They enter in the ocean by exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. They are employes as transient tracers. CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and CCL4 are measured by CPG and purge and trap. In recent water masses new freons are detected. CFCS allow us to characterize and give the age of the different water masses. For example, the DSOW is about 12-16 years old. Different branches of LSW at 500m are observed. The CFC-11 and CFC-12 data in the Labrador sea between 1990 and 2000 allows us to calculate the effective age and average speed of the LSW. LSW at 500 m in the west Irminger basin is due to local convection. The difference of the LSW speed is due to the vintage, the convection scenario and also to the NAO. In 2002 in the North Atlantic Ocean, the LSW is due to weak convection scenario. The multiparameters analysis permit to obtain best age and to determine percentage of each water masses in the CFC-11 transport. The CFC transport across the section between Groenland and Portugal is to south by water masses formed by deep convection (LSW, DSOW, ISOW). The transport of CFC11 is about 0,458 mmol/s and represents more than 6 % of the extracted fluxes of the atmosphere
Moiroud, Mathieu. "Evolution de la circulation oécanique profonde durant le Crétacé : apport des isotopes du néodyme." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS030/document.
Full textThe Cretaceous is depicted as the warmest period of the last 300 Ma. The oceanic circulation and location of the source zones of deep-waters are essential to understand the role of oceans in the evolution of the climate during the Cretaceous, yet they remain unclear for this period. The neodymium (Nd) isotopes are used to track oceanic circulation and exchanges between water masses, in both past and modern oceans. The Nd isotope composition (εNd) in the ocean is related to the nature of the surrounding continental landmasses. The oceanic currents transport this isotopic signature, thus every oceanic basin acquires a singular εNd. Unequivocal interpretations of the Cretaceous seawater εNd values stem from the insufficient spatial and temporal cover of available data. This PhD thesis intents to collect the Nd signature of continental margins and in regions without data for the Cretaceous, with special attention given to the potential source zones of deep-water production. Fossil fish teeth, coatings on foraminifera tests and detrital fraction from Cretaceous sediments are analyzed for their εNd. The results are compared to published data sets, in order to identify deep-waters source zones and their evolution throughout the Cretaceous. The links connecting oceanographic, palaeogeographic and climatic changes are investigated with a coupled ocean-atmosphere circulation model
Missiaen, Lise. "Quantification des changements de la circulation océanique profonde de l'Atlantique au cours des changements climatiques rapides des derniers 40 ka." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV004/document.
Full textThe last 40 ky, have been characterized by abrupt and high amplitude temperature changes (8 to 15 °C in less than 300 years) in Greenland and in the North Atlantic region, associated with drastic ocean and atmospheric circulation changes. The mechanisms behind these abrupt climate changes are still debated. The objective of this thesis is to quantify the ocean circulation changes associated with these abrupt climate changes. In the first part of this thesis, I combined the information of three geochemical proxies in order to overcome the limitations of each proxy taken separately. The carbon isotopic ratios of the benthic foraminifers (δ13C and Δ14C), as well as the sedimentary Pa/Th ratio, have been measured in the North Atlantic sediment core SU90-08 (43°N, 30°W, 3080m). The proxies depict an apparently inconsistent situation over the last glacial maximum: the carbon isotopes indicate that the deep water mass was poorly ventilated while the Pa/Th evidence an active overturning cell. These observations question the type of signal recorded by each proxy. Besides, in order to quantify the circulation changes, a modeling approach is required. In the second part of this thesis, I have implemented the calculation of the Pa/Th in the climate model of intermediate complexity iLOVECLIM. The model is able to simulate the simultaneous evolution of the three proxies and has been used to decipher the multi-proxy response to abrupt circulation changes. The results show that the proxy response varies in the three main Atlantic water masses. In the deep (>2000m) western North Atlantic, the carbon isotopes response lags the Pa/Th response by a few hundreds of years, exemplifying/illustrating a possible decoupling between the different proxies
Missiaen, Lise. "Quantification des changements de la circulation océanique profonde de l'Atlantique au cours des changements climatiques rapides des derniers 40 ka." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV004.
Full textThe last 40 ky, have been characterized by abrupt and high amplitude temperature changes (8 to 15 °C in less than 300 years) in Greenland and in the North Atlantic region, associated with drastic ocean and atmospheric circulation changes. The mechanisms behind these abrupt climate changes are still debated. The objective of this thesis is to quantify the ocean circulation changes associated with these abrupt climate changes. In the first part of this thesis, I combined the information of three geochemical proxies in order to overcome the limitations of each proxy taken separately. The carbon isotopic ratios of the benthic foraminifers (δ13C and Δ14C), as well as the sedimentary Pa/Th ratio, have been measured in the North Atlantic sediment core SU90-08 (43°N, 30°W, 3080m). The proxies depict an apparently inconsistent situation over the last glacial maximum: the carbon isotopes indicate that the deep water mass was poorly ventilated while the Pa/Th evidence an active overturning cell. These observations question the type of signal recorded by each proxy. Besides, in order to quantify the circulation changes, a modeling approach is required. In the second part of this thesis, I have implemented the calculation of the Pa/Th in the climate model of intermediate complexity iLOVECLIM. The model is able to simulate the simultaneous evolution of the three proxies and has been used to decipher the multi-proxy response to abrupt circulation changes. The results show that the proxy response varies in the three main Atlantic water masses. In the deep (>2000m) western North Atlantic, the carbon isotopes response lags the Pa/Th response by a few hundreds of years, exemplifying/illustrating a possible decoupling between the different proxies
Deshayes, Julie. "Influence de la formation d'eau profonde sur la variabilité de la circulation méridienne moyenne dans l'Océan Atlantique." Paris 6, 2006. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01138805.
Full textLhardy, Fanny. "Role of Southern Ocean sea ice on deep ocean circulation and carbon cycle at the Last Glacial Maximum." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASJ013.
Full textCompared to the present-day climate, the cold period of the Last Glacial Maximum was characterized by an expanded sea-ice cover in the Southern Ocean, a shoaled Atlantic deep ocean circulation and a lower atmospheric CO2 concentration. These changes are well-documented by indirect observations but difficult to represent in simulations of climate models. Indeed, these models tend to simulate a too high atmospheric CO2 concentration, a too deep Atlantic deep ocean circulation, and a sea-ice cover with a too circular distribution in the Southern Ocean and a too small winter extent and seasonal amplitude. The model-data discrepancies observed at the Last Glacial Maximum call into question the model representation of some important climate processes. Several studies have underlined the crucial role of the Southern Ocean sea ice on ocean carbon storage capacity and deep circulation. I have therefore focussed on this region to improve our understanding of the processes associated with this storage. Thanks to simulations performed with the Earth System Model iLOVECLIM, I have demonstrated thatthe uncertainties related to ice sheet reconstructions have a limited impact on the variables examined in this study. In contrast, other choices of boundary conditions (influencing the ocean volume and alkalinity adjustment) can yield large changes of carbon sequestration in the ocean. I also show that a simple parameterization of the sinking of brines consequent to sea-ice formation significantly improves the simulated Southern Ocean sea ice, deep ocean circulation and atmospheric CO2 concentration. A set of simulations including the effects of diverse ocean parameterizations is used to show that the too deep ocean circulation simulated by our model cannot be attributed to an insufficient sea-ice cover, whereas convection processes in the Southern Ocean seem crucial to improve both the Southern Ocean sea ice, the deep ocean circulation and the atmospheric CO2 concentration at the Last Glacial Maximum
Somot, Samuel. "Modélisation climatique du bassin méditerranéen : variabilité et scénarios de changement climatique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165252.
Full textgrâce au développement d'un modèle régional couplé (AORCM). Il reproduit correctement
ces processus et permet de quantifier et d'étudier leur variabilité climatique. Le couplage
régional a un impact significatif sur le nombre de cyclogénèses intenses en hiver et sur
les flux et précipitations associés. Il simule une variabilité interannuelle plus faible qu'en
mode forcé pour les flux et la convection et permet de comprendre les rétroactions
qui la pilotent. L'impact régional d'un scénario climatique est analysé avec les modèles
non-couplés : le nombre de cyclogénèses diminue, les pluies associées augmentent au
printemps et en automne et diminuent en été. En outre, la Méditerranée se réchauffe,
se sale et sa circulation thermohaline s'affaiblit fortement. Cette thèse conclut de plus à
la nécessité des AORCMs pour étudier l'impact du changement climatique en Méditerranée.
Herrmann, Marine. "Formation et devenir des masses d'eau en Méditerranée nord-occidentale : influence sur l'écosystème planctonique pélagique : variabilité inter-annuelle et changement climatique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/489/.
Full textOur objective is to contribute to the understanding of the functioning of the Mediterranean system using modeling tools. We first study the formation and fate of water masses in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The impact of the oceanic model spatial resolution on open-ocean deep convection modeling is examined through a real case study, and is related to the essential role played by the mesoscale structures in the formation and fate of deep water. The comparison of simulations performed under different atmospheric forcings enables to study the influence of the spatial resolution of this forcing on the modeling of deep convection and to underline the importance of atmospheric extremes. We then investigate the impact of interannual atmospheric variability and climate change on dense water formation over the Gulf of Lions shelf. The volumes of dense water formed over the shelf, exported and cascading into the deep ocean are well correlated with the winter atmospheric heat loss. The strengthening of the water column stratification between the XXth and the XXIst centuries induces a strong decrease of these volumes. We examine the impact of physical processes on the planktonic pelagic ecosystem using a coupled hydrodynamical - biogeochemical model. The study of a reference year enables to validate the model and to underline its defects. Primary production and respiration show a weak interannual variability, however, carbon exportation and net metabolism show a stronger variability. Finally, the warming of sea water due to climate change induces an increase of primary production by the end of the XXIth century, together with an enhancement of the microbial loop
Le, Traon Pierre-Yves. "Apport des flotteurs de surface suivis par Argos à l'étude de la circulation océanique : comparaison et combinaison avec des données altimétriques, hydrologiques et de flotteurs profonds : [thèse en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30229.
Full textVázquez, Riveiros Natalia. "Reconstruction des conditions climatiques, du niveau de la mer et de la circulation océanique pendant le stade 11." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112246.
Full textThe study of past periods with warmer and higher sea levels than today's has the potential to increase our capacity to predict future climate. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11, the interglacial period dated around 400000 years ago, has been singled out due to its potential as "analogue" of the present interglacial period, the Holocene. However, the state of ocean circulation, the temperature of surface and deep waters, and sea level during this period are still poorly known. Therefore, my thesis has been devoted to the study of marine sediment cores from the Southern Ocean, a key area for the understanding of global ocean circulation, through analysis of the isotopic composition and trace metal ratios of foraminifera, with the purpose of better constraining climatic conditions during MIS 11. The new data I generated in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean over MIS 12 (i. E. , the glacial period preceding MIS 11) to MIS 11 (Termination V, TV) and data of the last deglaciation (Termination l, TI), show a lag of the changes in deep-water properties with respect to changes in surface conditions. I interpreted these deglacial changes in the South Atlantic as the response to changes in the state of the Atlantic meridional ocean circulation (AMOC). Model simulations suggest that the late response of bottom waters is explained by increased inflow of North Atlantic. Deep Water (NADW) to the South Atlantic at the time of the AMOC recovery. The sequence of events is similar during both terminations; however, the magnitude of the deep-water lag differs, suggesting variations in the magnitude of the AMOC perturbation. Indeed, the comparison of Southern Ocean and North Atlantic records evidences an iceberg discharge event in the North Atlantic during TV of bigger magnitude than the one happening during TI, probably resulting from the extreme glacial character of MIS 12. My reconstructions of carbonate ion saturation state in the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean show that it has remained constant through TV and TI, possibly indicating a compensating effect of higher alkalinity Weddell Sea deep waters during glacial periods. Finally, the comparison of my estimates of Southern Ocean bottom water temperature with a global compilation of benthic oxygen isotope records indicates that sea level during MIS12 was approximately 14 m lower than during the LGM, and that during MIS 11, sea level was at most 10 m higher than presently
Orgeville, Marc d'. "Déstabilisation d’ondes mixtes de Rossby-gravité équatoriales par interactions non-linéaires verticales : application aux jets équatoriaux profonds." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES0001.
Full textThe deep equatorial circulation is dominated by intense zonal currents with verticaliy-alternating directions: the Equatorial Deep Jets (EDJs). EDJs are characterized by very high vertical modes, a large zonal coherency and intrinsically nonlinear dynamics. Another distinctive feature of the deep equatorial track is an intraseasonnal variability caused by low vertical modes mixed Rossby-gravity waves (MRGWs). This dissertation focuses on energy transfer mechanisms from high-frequency MRGWs to low-frequency zonal flows as a possible explanation of the EDJs formation. The case of a zonally-symmetric MRGW is first examined analytically and numerically. This wave is subject to an inertial-parametric instability, that drives a resonant excitation of two free waves with much smaller vertical scales. The pertubations growth and their ultimate breaking lead to the creation of a barotropic zonal flow. The case of zonally-variable MRGWs is then investigated numerically in an equatorial channel. Long to intermediate zonal scale MRGWs can also be involved in resonant triads, whereas a vertically-localized barotropic/centrifugal instability occurs for short zonal scale MRGWs. Both types of destabilisation lead to the formation of high baroclinic modes, stationary zonal flows. The transition between these two mechanisms is governed by the equivalent of Gill (1974)’s M parameter for the stability of mid-latitude Rossby waves. The MRGWs impact on the zonal circulation is finally examined numerically in an equatorial basin. Depending on M and on the zonal basin-extent, the MRGWs destabilization can create zonal jets with vertical modes, 4 to 8 times higher than the forcing vertical mode. These jets present the low-frequency vadability characteristic of equatorial basin modes and their spatial and dynamical characteristics fit the observed EDJs ones
Vignes, Lucie. "Etudes de la circulation et des modifications des eaux profondes circumpolaires sur le plateau continental sud-ouest de la mer de Weddell en Antarctique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS384.
Full textAntarctica and its surrounding seas are an important area regarding the climate regulation as well as an region highly impacted by climate change. Despite the paramount importance of this region, it is still largely under sampled in comparison with the other oceanic basins. Oceanic circulation around the antarctic margins regulates ice shelves melts and their buttressing effect on the antarctic Ice sheet, as well as the deep heat storage induced by vertical water masses movements. Thus understading the water mass circulation around Antarctica is fundamental for our comprehension of the global oceanic circulation, as well as the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to the sea level rise. In this manuscript I propose a study of a region on the antarctic margins : the Weddell Sea. This sea is the home region of the largest of the antarctic ice shelf, it is also the region producing the most important volume of deep waters. However the ocean-cryosphere processes in this region as still poorly understood. Some studies showed a subtle equilibrium and that the Weddell Sea, in response to the climate change, could be deeply modified and lead to a important melt of the ice shelf and a drastic reduction of the deep water formation. However, as long as our observations don’t allow us the better understand the processes at work, we can not refine our understanding of the Weddell Sea
Schopp, Richard. "Circulation de grande échelle à mi-profondeur dans l'Atlantique nord-est : Etude de processus." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2015.
Full textTalandier, Claude. "La dynamique du courant profond de bord ouest dans l'Atlantique Nord et son influence sur la circulation méridienne moyenne." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0020/document.
Full textThe present study tackles the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) dynamics in the North Atlantic basin as its impact on the AMOC. The DWBC advects dense water masses equatorward, produced in the subpolar gyre, and is one of the major component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This circulation contributes to the northward heat transport to high latitudes and allows to stabilise climate. When computing the AMOC in different ocean general circulation models (OGCM), results cover a wide range of intensity, spatial shape and temporal variability. Such response diversity is due to several factors. One of them is the remaining uncertainty on the link between dense water formation due to convection in the subpolar gyre, which contributes to connect the AMOC upper and lower branches, and the AMOC intensity at mid-latitudes. Those uncertainties are largely due to the knowledge gap of the deep circulation in North Atlantic because its direct observation is difficult and incorrectly reproduced in ocean models with a low spatial resolution. The methodology used rely on realistic numerical simulations based on the NEMO ocean general circulation model. Three configurations with an increasing spatial resolution have been developped using the grid refinement tool AGRIF : a global grid at 1/2◦ resolution (ORCA configuration), within which a first refined grid at 1/8◦ covering the whole North Atlantic (ERNA configuration) in which a second grid at 1/32◦ over the subpolar gyre (FER configuration). Both ERNA and FER are advanced and original by two aspects; they include a Sea-Ice model within embedded grids and FER reaches a high horizontal resolution over the subpolar gyre. We study the spatial horizontal resolution impact on the mean circulation in the North Atlantic with a focus on the AMOC contrasting simulations obtained with ORCA and ERNA solutions. Increasing the resolution improves the western boundary current dynamics at surface and depth. Indeed, the DWBC transport is intensified by 8Sv in the subpolar gyre partly due to a better representation of overflows coming from Nordic Seas through the Denmark Strait. Furthermore in ORCA the DWBC flows to the south along the Mid-Atlantic ridge ; in ERNA the flow along western continental shelf is dominant while a secondary circulation within the subpolar gyre arises being in better agreement with observations. The path followed by the DWBC along the continental shelf allows an interaction between surface and deep currents which seems to result both in an AMOC intensification and a maxima located close to 35 ̊N. This result tends to limit the influence of the convection, occuring at high latitudes, on the AMOC intensity at mid latitudes, often raised, and shed light on a modulation process of the AMOC intensity through the surface and deep currents interaction. We then addressed the thermohaline and the dynamical structure of the DWBC, asssocia- ted with the mesoscale representation, within the Labrador Sea using the FER configuration. With this configuration, which solved explicitly mesoscale eddies in the subpolar gyre, tempera- ture and salinity drift are clearly reduced compare to ERNA. Furthermore the vertical DWBC structure, especially its barotropisation from the eatstern to western side of the AR7W section within the Labrador Sea, is in very good agrement with observations. Using a simplified equation for relative vorticity, we try to identify the main processes handling the DWBC dynamics. The analysis reveals that the stretching associated with vertical velocities above topography and exchanges between isopycnal layers within boundary current dominate the vorticity balance. We also identify two areas within the DWBC where diapynal flux occur : along the Labrador Current on the western side of the Labrador Sea and seaward of Cape Desolation where eddy activity is marked. These results are close to two previous studies based on conceptual model and […]
Louarn, Essyllt. "Étude de la variabilité de la circulation des masses d'eau profondes en Atlantique Nord en relation avec le climat : utilisation des traceurs transitoires halocarbonés." Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2035.
Full textThe North Atlantic deep circulation variability is studied regarding global change. The variability is assessed using halocarbonated tracers (CFC-11, CFC-1 2, CFC-113 and CC14) and studying hydrographic cruises spanning from 1991 to 2006. In this work, water mass formation (Mediterranean Sea Water and Labrador Sea Water) and North Atlantic deep water masses properties and transport variability are studied. First, in the Gulf of Cadiz, the presence of a old and high-silicate water, caracterized as Antarctic lntermediate Water, is observed. That water is seen as participating to the lower Mediterranean Sea Water out of the Gulf. The formation site of the upper Labrador Sea Water is observed wider than formerly considered. It forms every year in the central Labrador Sea, that zone, under certain conditions, extends to the north South of Greenland (2005). Under severe wintertime, deep convection can occur in the Imminger Sea as observed in this study in 1997 and 2002. Second, the variability of the Labrador Sea Water is high since the 90’s. A reduction of the maximal convection depth is observed, at the same time the CFC-1 1 transport decreased at the level of the LSW. The Denmark Strait Overflow Water variability observed in the lmminger Sea is linked to a change in proportion of different waters composing it, in particular the presence of Polar Surface Water. Finally the CFC-11 fluxes north of the North Atlantic show a diminution of the air-sea exchange above that area especially in 2006 due to a decrease of the winter mixed layer depth, supporting a decrease of the uptake of anthropogenic carbon in that area
Richet, Oceane Tess. "Impact of ocean waves on deep waters mixing and large-scale circulation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX104/document.
Full textThe various projects presented in this thesis contribute to our understanding of various key aspects of the oceanic circulation. The first aspect that we investigate is the physical processes responsible for this tidal mixing, and we identify two processes. Equatorward of the critical latitude, internal tides transfer their energy to smaller-scale waves via triadic resonant instabilities involving near-inertial waves. Poleward of the critical latitude, internal tides still transfer energy to smaller-scale waves, but surprisingly this transfer takes place between the internal tide and evanescent waves.In the second study, we investigate the effect of a mean current on the propagation and the dissipation of internal tides generated at the topography in high-resolution simulations. In that case, the latitudinal dependence of the tidal energy dissipation is found to be smoother and closer to a constant. This change in the latitudinal dependence can be linked to the Doppler shift of the frequency of the internal tides, which impacts the generation of smaller-scale secondary waves.In the third study, we study the effect of an upstream disturbance on the upstream circulation by interaction with a hydraulically controlled sill. The Kelvin and topographic Rossby waves, generated by a change in the upstream inflow, perturb the flow through the channel and hence the water export. This perturbation is due to the refraction of the waves at the sill at each passage, once they go around the upstream basin
Luong, Bruno. "Techniques de contrôle optimal pour un modèle quasi-géostrophique de circulation océanique : application à l'assimilation variationnelle des données altimétriques satellitaires." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005055.
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