Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Circulation océanique – Méditerranée (mer ; est)'
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Benkiran, Mounir. "Assimilation de données altimétriques dans un modèle de circulation de la Méditerranée aux équations primitives." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30023.
Full textHoupert, Loïc. "Contribution to the Study of Transfer Processes from the Surface to the Deep Ocean in the Mediterranean Sea using in situ Measurements." Perpignan, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01148986.
Full textBaaklini, Georges. "Characterization of the Eastern Mediterranean surface dynamics : Insights from drifter assimilation and machine learning techniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS186.
Full textAn accurate estimation of the surface circulation is crucial because of its direct impact on physical and bio-geochemical water properties. However, currents estimation remains challenging because the stream field is affected by quickly changing flows. This problem increases in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, where in-situ observations are relatively scarce and the inaccuracies of altimetric observations increase. Therefore, some of the mesoscale features are still debated or unknown, especially in the Levantine Basin. The thesis goal is to characterize these highly-evolving mesoscale features. In the first part of the thesis, we present a variational assimilation method that merges altimetry with drifters to improve the surface circulation representation along and around the assimilated drifters’ trajectories. We assess the method’s efficiency by comparing the velocities resulting from assimilation with independent in-situ observations and ocean color images. We use the corrected velocities to characterize short-term and local events occurring in the Levantine Basin. However, because of the significant spatio-temporal gaps in drifters’ coverage, the assimilation does not allow a continuous investigation of all the mesoscale patterns and their long-term variabilities in the basin. In the second part of the thesis, we use machine learning techniques to build a catalog of the several circulation regimes in the Levantine Basin, providing a long-term characterization of these features. We also try to explain the possible reasons behind previous contradictory assessments about some features, such as the Mid-Mediterranean Jet. The obtained results in the thesis improve the knowledge of the main mesoscale features’ characteristics, behaviors, and tendencies. The thesis applications could take advantage of other in-situ observations and of future altimetric missions like SWOT, promising to mitigate some of the actual altimetric shortcomings
Denamiel, Cléa. "Modélisation hydrodynamique 3D en zone pré-littorale : Caractérisation des effets des houles de tempête sur la circulation océanique." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20175.
Full textClassical coastal circulation models can not reproduce the strong measured three-dimensional currents during storm events, especially at the midshelf scale ( -2 m to -90 m depth) for microtidal seas. The aim of this study is to implement a 3D numerical model (RESYFE) which takes into account the swell effects on the circulation. This model couples REF/DIF and Symphonie models following the physics described by Mellor (2003). RESYFE model is first tested on academic cases in order to validate the numerical implementation. Secondly, in order to compare the model results with measurements, simulations are carried out on realistic cases : the storms of november 1999 in the Banyuls Bay, and of february 2004 off the Têt river. Thirdly, application of the model in the Gulf of Aigues-Mortes shows the effects of storms on sedimentary transport modeled according to Soulsby (1997). Finally, an application of the RESYFE model on an ancient (Jurassic) basin shows that this model can confirm the sedimentologic interpretations
Hamad, Najwa. "La circulation de surface dans le bassin oriental de la Méditerranée d'après les observations satellitaires infrarouge." Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22029.
Full textAlhammoud, Bahjat. "Circulation générale océanique et variabilité à méso-échelle en Méditerranée Orientale : approche numérique." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001798.
Full textDamien, Pierre. "Etude de la circulation océanique en Méditerranée Occidentale à l'aide d'un modèle numérique à haute résolution : influence de la submésoéchelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30024/document.
Full textThe North Western Mediterranean Sea is one of the few regions in the world where open-ocean deep convection occurs. The local cyclonic circulation brings weakly stratified waters close to the surface, that can, under special atmospheric conditions (winter strong cold winds and high heat loss rates), lead to vertical diapycnal mixing. This convection phenomenon is the origin of newly formed winter waters: Winter Intermediate Water (WIW) and new Western Mediterranean Deep Waters (nWMDW). When the strong forcing stops, the restratification of the mixed patch occurs by lateral advection of surrounding lighter waters. Mesoscale and submesoscale structures play an important role during these events, both by the sinking and the spreading of the new water formed. The SYMPHONIE model was implemented at 1km resolution over the north-western Mediterranean where recent convective years were simulated. The first objective was to review the capabilities of the high resolution model to reproduce the oceanic response to strong atmospheric cooling in terms of water formation and to resolve the submesoscale structures. To do so, comparisons were performed with the available data set. The activity of the small scale structures and the role they played were highlighted in a context of winter mixed layer deepening. The ageostrophic dynamic developed by submesoscale contributes to the enhancement of vertical velocities and lateral dispersion of properties leading to a global increase of surface layer density. As a consequence, the dense water formation and the ventilation of the deep basin is favored. For the first time, the formation of Submesoscale Coherent Vortices (SCVs) during deep convection events was documented in a realistic high resolution numerical simulation of the oceanic circulation in the north-western Mediterranean Sea. Anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies were formed presenting lifetimes exceeding one year and reflecting very slow diffusive processes between their core and their surroundings. These eddies were typical of SCVs observed in deep convection areas so far, which were found to participate in the spreading of a significant proportion (30%) of the newly formed waters and were of much importance for the ventilation of the deep basin
Pujol, Marie-Isabelle. "Analyse de la variabilité de surface en Méditerranée à partir des données altimétriques et comparaison aux simulations MERCATOR et MOG2D." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30005.
Full textAyache, Mohamed. "Modélisation d’éléments traces (T, 3He, Nd, 14C) en mer Méditerranée pour l’étude des cycles biogéochimiques et de la circulation océanique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV138/document.
Full textUseful diagnostics of the ventilation of the ocean’s interior are derived from geochemical tracers characterized by simple boundary conditions at the ocean’s surface, and a conservative behavior in marine waters. In this thesis, we simulated explicitly some trace elements distribution in the Mediterranean to better constrain the thermohaline circulation and biogeochemical cycles. We used a high resolution physical/biogeochemical model NEMO-MED12-PISCES.The Mediterranean offers a particularly attractive setting for studying geochemical tracers. It’s a semi-enclosed basin, which makes it easier to quantify the various sources and sinks of the elements (atmospheric dust, rivers ...). In particular, we modeled tritium (3H), a transient tracer currently used for the study of the interannual variability of the thermohaline circulation. We also simulated helium isotopes (3He, 4He), useful tracers for investigating the deep ocean circulation.We have simulated the isotopic composition of neodymium (Nd), tracer adapted to investigate the exchanges between dissolved/particulate phases, with the continental margins, and to constrain the modern and paleo thermohaline circulation, as well as radiocarbon (14C), an ideal tracer for studying air-sea gas exchange and for assessing the ventilation rate of the deep water masses over very long timescales.This study is part of the work carried out to assess the robustness of the NEMO-MED12 model, which will be used to study the evolution of the climate and its effect on the biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, and to improve our ability to predict the future evolution of the Mediterranean Sea under the increasing anthropogenic pressure
Ayache, Mohamed. "Modélisation d’éléments traces (T, 3He, Nd, 14C) en mer Méditerranée pour l’étude des cycles biogéochimiques et de la circulation océanique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV138.
Full textUseful diagnostics of the ventilation of the ocean’s interior are derived from geochemical tracers characterized by simple boundary conditions at the ocean’s surface, and a conservative behavior in marine waters. In this thesis, we simulated explicitly some trace elements distribution in the Mediterranean to better constrain the thermohaline circulation and biogeochemical cycles. We used a high resolution physical/biogeochemical model NEMO-MED12-PISCES.The Mediterranean offers a particularly attractive setting for studying geochemical tracers. It’s a semi-enclosed basin, which makes it easier to quantify the various sources and sinks of the elements (atmospheric dust, rivers ...). In particular, we modeled tritium (3H), a transient tracer currently used for the study of the interannual variability of the thermohaline circulation. We also simulated helium isotopes (3He, 4He), useful tracers for investigating the deep ocean circulation.We have simulated the isotopic composition of neodymium (Nd), tracer adapted to investigate the exchanges between dissolved/particulate phases, with the continental margins, and to constrain the modern and paleo thermohaline circulation, as well as radiocarbon (14C), an ideal tracer for studying air-sea gas exchange and for assessing the ventilation rate of the deep water masses over very long timescales.This study is part of the work carried out to assess the robustness of the NEMO-MED12 model, which will be used to study the evolution of the climate and its effect on the biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, and to improve our ability to predict the future evolution of the Mediterranean Sea under the increasing anthropogenic pressure
Vadsaria, Tristan. "Identifier et modéliser les facteurs ayant contribué à la formation du dernier épisode de sapropèle en mer Méditerranée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV076.
Full textSapropel events are anoxic crisis occurring quasi-periodically (21000 years) since the Mediterranean Sea became semi enclosed around 14 Ma ago, with only one connection to the global ocean through the Gibraltar strait. The high level of organic content found in sapropels suggests the shutdown of the deep ventilation, and an enhanced biological activity leading to the accumulation of organic material in sediments for thousands of years. Numerous studies highlighted the role of African monsoon enhancement, linked to precession variation, as the trigger of sapropels. The increased precipitation over the Nile catchment provided a huge amount of freshwater through the Nile River into the salty Eastern Mediterranean, leading to a strong stratification of the water column, the reduction of intermediate and deep convection and ultimately to the development of anoxic environment. This hypothesis was robust enough to explain the sapropels due to the correlation between their frequency and precession variation. However, the diversity of these events in strength, duration and cyclicality cannot be entirely explained with this sole hypothesis. This is the case, for instance, of the last sapropel event, “S1”, which occurred between 10.5 and 7 ka BP, at the end of the last glacial episode. Recent works depicted the non-synchronous timing of the precession, monsoon enhancement and S1 deposition, and invoked other factors, such as sea level rise and climate variation to drive the establishment of anoxic environment in Mediterranean Sea. In this thesis, we investigate, with the help of climate modeling, the contribution of the Nile River during S1 but also other factors potentially more important. First, we took advantage of recent εNd data investigation during S1 to include this tracer, which is appropriate to assess the paleo-oceanic circulation, in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model at 1/8° to represent properly the changes in convection. In a second part, to account for other hydrological changes linked with the Early Holocene climate, we developed a global-regional model architecture to represent the Mediterranean region climate and its oceanic circulation. Finally, we use this model to evaluate the deglaciation of the Eurasian ice-sheet through the Black Sea toward the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The main results show the capability of simulated εNd to capture the convection changes in response to high freshwater input, validated by data. Our model architecture allows the simulation of the Mediterranean Early Holocene climate and associated hydrological changes with a numerical cost lower than the coupled configuration. Finally, the continental deglaciation would be complementary to the sea level rise to destabilize the deep ventilation and lead to favorable condition to the development of S1. In summary, we developed three different approaches and dedicated tools to investigate the hydrological perturbations occurring prior to Early Holocene over the Mediterranean basin, which drastically modified the ocean dynamics to favor anoxia crisis
Vadsaria, Tristan. "Identifier et modéliser les facteurs ayant contribué à la formation du dernier épisode de sapropèle en mer Méditerranée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV076/document.
Full textSapropel events are anoxic crisis occurring quasi-periodically (21000 years) since the Mediterranean Sea became semi enclosed around 14 Ma ago, with only one connection to the global ocean through the Gibraltar strait. The high level of organic content found in sapropels suggests the shutdown of the deep ventilation, and an enhanced biological activity leading to the accumulation of organic material in sediments for thousands of years. Numerous studies highlighted the role of African monsoon enhancement, linked to precession variation, as the trigger of sapropels. The increased precipitation over the Nile catchment provided a huge amount of freshwater through the Nile River into the salty Eastern Mediterranean, leading to a strong stratification of the water column, the reduction of intermediate and deep convection and ultimately to the development of anoxic environment. This hypothesis was robust enough to explain the sapropels due to the correlation between their frequency and precession variation. However, the diversity of these events in strength, duration and cyclicality cannot be entirely explained with this sole hypothesis. This is the case, for instance, of the last sapropel event, “S1”, which occurred between 10.5 and 7 ka BP, at the end of the last glacial episode. Recent works depicted the non-synchronous timing of the precession, monsoon enhancement and S1 deposition, and invoked other factors, such as sea level rise and climate variation to drive the establishment of anoxic environment in Mediterranean Sea. In this thesis, we investigate, with the help of climate modeling, the contribution of the Nile River during S1 but also other factors potentially more important. First, we took advantage of recent εNd data investigation during S1 to include this tracer, which is appropriate to assess the paleo-oceanic circulation, in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model at 1/8° to represent properly the changes in convection. In a second part, to account for other hydrological changes linked with the Early Holocene climate, we developed a global-regional model architecture to represent the Mediterranean region climate and its oceanic circulation. Finally, we use this model to evaluate the deglaciation of the Eurasian ice-sheet through the Black Sea toward the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The main results show the capability of simulated εNd to capture the convection changes in response to high freshwater input, validated by data. Our model architecture allows the simulation of the Mediterranean Early Holocene climate and associated hydrological changes with a numerical cost lower than the coupled configuration. Finally, the continental deglaciation would be complementary to the sea level rise to destabilize the deep ventilation and lead to favorable condition to the development of S1. In summary, we developed three different approaches and dedicated tools to investigate the hydrological perturbations occurring prior to Early Holocene over the Mediterranean basin, which drastically modified the ocean dynamics to favor anoxia crisis
Herrmann, Marine. "Formation et devenir des masses d'eau en Méditerranée nord-occidentale : influence sur l'écosystème planctonique pélagique : variabilité inter-annuelle et changement climatique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/489/.
Full textOur objective is to contribute to the understanding of the functioning of the Mediterranean system using modeling tools. We first study the formation and fate of water masses in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The impact of the oceanic model spatial resolution on open-ocean deep convection modeling is examined through a real case study, and is related to the essential role played by the mesoscale structures in the formation and fate of deep water. The comparison of simulations performed under different atmospheric forcings enables to study the influence of the spatial resolution of this forcing on the modeling of deep convection and to underline the importance of atmospheric extremes. We then investigate the impact of interannual atmospheric variability and climate change on dense water formation over the Gulf of Lions shelf. The volumes of dense water formed over the shelf, exported and cascading into the deep ocean are well correlated with the winter atmospheric heat loss. The strengthening of the water column stratification between the XXth and the XXIst centuries induces a strong decrease of these volumes. We examine the impact of physical processes on the planktonic pelagic ecosystem using a coupled hydrodynamical - biogeochemical model. The study of a reference year enables to validate the model and to underline its defects. Primary production and respiration show a weak interannual variability, however, carbon exportation and net metabolism show a stronger variability. Finally, the warming of sea water due to climate change induces an increase of primary production by the end of the XXIth century, together with an enhancement of the microbial loop
Taillandier, Vincent. "Contrôle des conditions aux frontières ouvertes d'un modèle de circulation côtière avec une méthode variationnelle d'assimilation de données : application au Golfe du Lion." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002365.
Full textDjath, Bughsin'. "Etude de la dynamique océanique de la mer des Salomon : modélisation numérique à haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069989.
Full textPruvost, Jacques. "Étude des composés organiques halogènes volatils en milieu marin : origines biologiques et anthropiques, échanges avec l'atmosphère - utilisation comme traceurs transitoires de la circulation dans l'atlantique nord-est." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2004.
Full textBrivoal, Théo. "Une modélisation alternative haute résolution du couplage air-mer et de ses effets sur la dynamique océanique dans l'Atlantique Nord-Est." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30211.
Full textSmall - scale ocean - atmosphere interactions have a significant impact on ocean dynamics, but their representation requires coupled ocean - atmosphere models, which are complex and expensive. This thesis supports the idea that it is possible to represent these interactions through a coupling of an ocean model and a stand-alone one-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer model. In this thesis we show that this simplified approach represents a realistic atmospheric boundary layer, as well as dynamical and thermal couplings in the North-East Atlantic. We show that the dynamical coupling at fine scales significantly modifies the ocean kinetic energy down to 1500 meters depth. Finally, the processes responsible for this change are detailed
Jebri, Fatma. "Apport de l’altimétrie satellitale pour l’étude de la variabilité de la circulation de surface dans le canal de Sicile et sur le plateau continental Tunisien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0006.
Full textThis work presents a study on surface ocean circulation flowing along the continentalslopes (near the 200 m isobath) of the central Mediterranean Sea. The aim was to better inform the surfacecirculation patterns in the region and the associated variability regimes based mainly on along-trackconventional altimetry (AVISO / X-TRACK) available over the period 1993-2015. This study is also based onthe combined use of spatial SST data, in-situ hydrographic and current measurements in conjunction withaltimetry. The analysis has first allowed to characterize the seasonal variability and to propose a new surfacecirculation pattern, including the intermediate seasons, and a new branch of Atlantic current on the Tunisiancontinental shelf. The second highlight of this work is the characterization of surface transport and inter-annualvariations of Atlantic water from coastal altimetry over the long term. The observability of the oceanic mesoscaleof the study area is finally addressed from high resolution altimetry measurements (AltiKa). This hasallowed to detect physical structures on a smaller scale and to refine the detection of variations in the mostcoastal currents. Beyond the scientific aspects, this thesis has also allowed important methodological advancesregarding the combined use of different spatial and in-situ data sets, easily applicable for the countries of theSouth
Marmain, Julien. "Circulation côtière en Méditerranée Nord Occidentale : courantométrie par radar HF et couplage avec un modèle numérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL0015.
Full textThe HF radar is the sole instrument being able to monitor the surface coastal current at very high spatial and temporal resolution. A radar system deployed since 2010 on the Var coast (Western Mediterranean Sea) provides for the first time a comprehensive picture of the circulation, which remains poorly documented in this area.Surface current mapping is conventionally performed by combining measurements of at least two radars. However, significant results were obtained with a single radar concerning: the identification of mesoscale vortices; the signature of periodic phenomena affecting the surface circulation in the diurnal, inertial and semi-diurnal bands; and the features and instabilities of the North Mediterranean Current (NC).The assimilation of radar measurements using an ensemble Kalman smoother in a regional model of the North-Western Mediterranean Sea was performed for the first time in the study area. This method, which constraints the surface currents by wind and open boundary conditions optimisation, improves the simulation of the NC vein in terms of speed and position
Declerck, Amandine. "Approche numérique et expérimentale pour une meilleure description physique des processus de subméso-échelle : Application à la mer Méditerranée nord-occidentale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0014.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to improve our knowledge on the impact of the Northern Current (NC)mesoscale activity off the Var coast on its downstream flow and on the links between this boundary current andthe coastal dynamics, particularly in a semi-enclosed bay and shallow: the bay of Hyères. To do so, twonumerical realistic configurations at high-resolution were used. Based on the NEMO code and nested withAGRIF, the first one covers the French Mediterranean coasts at 1,2 km and the second one covers the Varcoasts with a spatial resolution of 400 m.Simulations comparisons with ocean observations (HF radar, ADCP, glider, satellite SST) confirm therealism of the configurations, and show the contribution of a 400 m spatial resolution on the simulateddynamics in the bay but also on the NC and its downstream flow.Finally, a parametrization study on the horizontal advection terms and vertical mixing provide an improvementof the impact of a downscaling in the studied area, and particularly for the simulated dynamics in the semienclosedbay
Jebri, Fatma. "Apport de l’altimétrie satellitale pour l’étude de la variabilité de la circulation de surface dans le canal de Sicile et sur le plateau continental Tunisien." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL0006/document.
Full textThis work presents a study on surface ocean circulation flowing along the continentalslopes (near the 200 m isobath) of the central Mediterranean Sea. The aim was to better inform the surfacecirculation patterns in the region and the associated variability regimes based mainly on along-trackconventional altimetry (AVISO / X-TRACK) available over the period 1993-2015. This study is also based onthe combined use of spatial SST data, in-situ hydrographic and current measurements in conjunction withaltimetry. The analysis has first allowed to characterize the seasonal variability and to propose a new surfacecirculation pattern, including the intermediate seasons, and a new branch of Atlantic current on the Tunisiancontinental shelf. The second highlight of this work is the characterization of surface transport and inter-annualvariations of Atlantic water from coastal altimetry over the long term. The observability of the oceanic mesoscaleof the study area is finally addressed from high resolution altimetry measurements (AltiKa). This hasallowed to detect physical structures on a smaller scale and to refine the detection of variations in the mostcoastal currents. Beyond the scientific aspects, this thesis has also allowed important methodological advancesregarding the combined use of different spatial and in-situ data sets, easily applicable for the countries of theSouth
Marmain, Julien. "Circulation côtière en Méditerranée Nord Occidentale : courantométrie par radar HF et couplage avec un modèle numérique." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00994937.
Full textFourrier, Marine. "Impact des forçages physiques sur la dynamique des éléments biogéochimiques en mer Méditerranée : approche couplée observations in situ et réseaux de neurones." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS255.
Full textThe Mediterranean Sea is characterized by rapid circulation of its water masses, low nutrient concentrations with a strong oligotrophy gradient, and a more rapid acidification than the global ocean. The Levantine Intermediate Waters (LIW) that connect the two basins are marked by a minimum of oxygen (O2). Variability in O2 content, nutrients, and inorganic carbon remain poorly understood given their low density of observation. The development and validation of a neural method CANYON-MED, specifically designed for the Mediterranean Sea, allowed to derive nutrients (nitrates, phosphates, silicates) and carbonate system variables (total alkalinity, total carbon and pH) from systematically measured variables (pressure, temperature, salinity and oxygen, position in time and space). The dynamics of the O2 minimum in the LIW in the face of variability in intermediate water ventilation processes in the northwestern Mediterranean was studied over the period 2012-2020. The application of CANYON-MED allowed the description of nutrients and carbonate trends in this area, in response to the intermittent deep convection phenomenon. The importance of convection on the ventilation of water masses, as well as on nutrient and acidification trends are thus highlighted, in a context of increased stratification by climate change. Finally, the ventilation of the LIW has been explored in its formation area (Levantine basin) using Argo floats over the period 2018-2019, nuancing the injection of O2 in the mixing patch
Declerck, Amandine. "Approche numérique et expérimentale pour une meilleure description physique des processus de subméso-échelle : Application à la mer Méditerranée nord-occidentale." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0014/document.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to improve our knowledge on the impact of the Northern Current (NC)mesoscale activity off the Var coast on its downstream flow and on the links between this boundary current andthe coastal dynamics, particularly in a semi-enclosed bay and shallow: the bay of Hyères. To do so, twonumerical realistic configurations at high-resolution were used. Based on the NEMO code and nested withAGRIF, the first one covers the French Mediterranean coasts at 1,2 km and the second one covers the Varcoasts with a spatial resolution of 400 m.Simulations comparisons with ocean observations (HF radar, ADCP, glider, satellite SST) confirm therealism of the configurations, and show the contribution of a 400 m spatial resolution on the simulateddynamics in the bay but also on the NC and its downstream flow.Finally, a parametrization study on the horizontal advection terms and vertical mixing provide an improvementof the impact of a downscaling in the studied area, and particularly for the simulated dynamics in the semienclosedbay
Rogé, Marine. "Etudes de cartographie altimétrique pour l'observation de la dynamique méso-échelle dans le contexte SWOT : application à la mer Méditerranée occidentale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30078/document.
Full textThe main objectif of this thesis is to evaluate the contribution of a dynamic interpolation method to improve the representation of small scale ocean processes in altimetric maps. The current resolution of these maps constructed by a statistical optimal interpolation technique, is well adapted to the study of the mesoscale variability but does not allow us to observe structures of sizes smaller than 150-200km, largely due to the spatio-temporal sampling of the data. The dynamic interpolation method is based on a one-and-a-half layer quasi-geostrophic (QG) propagation model, aims to recreate part of the temporal evolution of small oceanic structures using the local dynamics. In this study, we apply this method to the western Mediterranean Sea. First we evaluate the QG propagator's capacity to represent the dynamics in this region. We then use this propagator to perform the dynamic interpolation in a spatially idealized case, comparing the reconstructed fields with a fine-resolution numerical model. The results show a general improvement compared to a linear interpolation over a period of 5-10 days. There is spatial and temporal disparity in the performance of the method, with a greater improvement for the regions of high variability and during the winter period. We explored ways of complexifying the QG propagator to better represent the dynamics of the region, influenced by the strong local atmospheric forcing, the geometry of the bassin and its bathymetry. In a second study, we evaluated the contribution of this dynamical interpolation method for mapping real alongtrack altimetric data. For this study, covariance structures derived from the QG model's evolution are integrated into an optimal interpolation scheme. The resulting dynamical interpolated maps are compared to the current altimetric maps. This study, which participates in the preparation of the exploitation of the future high resolution data of the SWOT mission, demonstrates the effectiveness of a relatively simple model to improve the resolution of the altimetric maps. Nevertheless, all of these results reveal the difficulty to optimally parameterize this mapping method to caracterize the dynamics in a region which presents a strong spatial and temporal variability. This work also highlights the need to better exploit the independant data to rigorously evaluate the improvement at small scales, which have significant impacts on the dynamics of the mesoscale, particularly on energy transfers within the ocean and on physico-biological interactions
Ioannou, Artemis. "Dynamical evolution of intense mesoscale Ierapetra eddies in connection with orographic wind forcing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS145.
Full textThe Ierapetra eddy (IE) is one of the largest and longest-lived mesoscale eddies of the eastern Mediterranean Sea (MED). Located in the South East corner of Crete, the IE recurrent formation has been attributed to the regional Etesian wind forcing. Yet there are no many information on the eddy dynamical characteristics nor evidences that the IE is wind-forced. In this study, a full characterization of the Ierapetra eddy dynamics is attempted. Firstly, by using satellite observations of sea surface height and AMEDA eddy detection algorithm, the Ierapetra eddies are followed over 22 years (1993-2014). Information on the eddy characteristics (such as radius, velocities, vorticity) and the eddy trajectories are retrieved. The Ierapetra eddies are found to experience strong variability in their intensity (Ro=0.07-0.27) while one year after formation they may re-intensify. This intensification process is firstly observed here and can lead to an doubling of the eddy intensity in less than 3 months. For the Ierapetra eddies, we found that the centrifugal acceleration terms cannot be omitted. An iterative method is optimized on idealized eddies to recover with best accuracy the cyclogeostrophic balance. The importance of cyclogeostrophic corrections are evaluated for the total MED. When taken into account, estimations on the IE core vorticity may reach values of highly negative vorticity ζ(0) ⁄ f = − 1. Three specific oceanographic campaigns (EGYPT/EGITTO, BOUM and PROTEVS-PERLE) that provide information on measured eddy velocities are also presented. Comparison between the observations and in-situ measurements demonstrate the importance of the cyclogeostrophic terms for the correct estimation of the eddy velocities. Lastly, the Etesian wind forcing is investigated as the driving mechanism for the IEs dynamics. An idealized climatological wind forcing shape that can represent the Etesian forcing regime is build based on ALADIN reanalysis wind datasets. The transient effect of the idealized Etesian forcing is then evaluated with a reduced gravity model. Various numerical simulations are performed in order to investigate the isolated effect of such forcing to the ocean surface. Overall the results demonstrate the formation of a persistent anticyclone. Both the wind forcing magnitude but also the wind forcing duration are key parameters that control the formed eddy intensity. The eddy radius is mainly controlled by the spatial characteristics of the applied wind forcing. Moreover, we recover the intensification process for pre-existing anticyclones in the presence of the shear wind. The findings of this thesis suggest that the Ierapetra eddies are among the strongest mesoscale eddies of the Mediterranean Sea while the regional wind forcing is sufficient to explain the observed eddy characteristics. An asymmetric orographic wind jet or high γ values of a symmetric orographic forcing are the necessary preconditions to favor the formation of strong anticyclones in the ocean
Pavec, Marc. "Instabilités barocline et paramétrique des courants de bord, application au front d'Ouessant." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2042.
Full textCoastal currents experience many sources of instability, resulting in the formation of coherent structures such as eddies. These structures play a fundamental role in the oceanic circulation and in the transfer of properties in the ocean. Three configurations of idealized coastal currents are studied in this thesis-: a frontal one, a quasi-geostrophic one and a shallow-water one. The well known baroclinic instability is shown to exist for all these currents, and a new mechanism, the parametric instability, is described. It appears on flows which present a periodic variation of one of their components. The oscillating parameter is the current speed in the frontal configuration, the baroclinic transport or PV in the quasi-geostrophic one and the barotropic flow in the shallow-water one. Analytical calculations allow to compare growth rates of both baroclinic and parametric instability and to show the amplification of parametric instability in the vicinity of the marginal stability curve for baroclinic instability. Numerical simulations are used to show that the effects of parametric instability are similar to the effects of baroclinic instability on the quasi-geostrophic flow. The shallow-water modal presents a density front with caracteristic scales representative of the Ushant front. It is shown from MICOM simulations that baroclinic instability can explain the observed instabilities of the front for a large part. Parametric instability effects are identified, but their impact seems to be weak
Bel, Madani Ali. "Impact du changement climatique dans le système de courant de Humboldt simulé par un modèle régional océanique." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/777/.
Full textWhat do we need to study the influence of climate change simulated by global coupled models of the current generation upon the Peru-Chile upwelling system " is the main question addressed in this PhD thesis. Thanks to a dynamical downscaling approach performed with the ROMS model (Regional Oceanic Modelling System) at an eddy-resolving resolution (1/6°), we aim at understanding the processes that are likely to control possible future changes in the ocean circulation over this region influenced by ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation). A study of the physical mechanisms that control ENSO-like variability in PI (pre-industrial) simulations performed with CGCMs (Coupled General Circulation Models) of the WCRP-CMIP3 multi-model ensemble (the so-called " IPCC-AR4 models ") allows identifying the most reliable models in terms of equatorial variability. It makes use of an intermediate coupled model of the tropical Pacific with prescribed mean stratification and wind forcing in order to derive explicitly the tendency terms of the mixed layer heat budget. Such analysis allows classifying the models according to the dominant ENSO process: zonal advective feedback or thermocline feedback. Models with a hybrid feedback like in the observations best represent the coupled processes that control SST variability, which makes us assume that they provide the highest confidence levels in terms of prediction of ENSO evolution under global warming. Among them, two CGCMs (IPSL-CM4 and INGV-ECHAM4) best reproduce mean temperature and currents as well as their intraseasonal-to-interannual variabilities at the western boundary of the Peru-Chile domain (100°W) and are therefore retained for downscaling experiments over the HCS (Humboldt Current System) region. CGCM outputs from the PI and 4xCO2 (CO2 quadrupling) simulations for the oceanic part are used directly as open boundary conditions for ROMS, whereas a high-resolution (~50km) CGCM-derived wind product obtained from a statistical downscaling procedure is used together with raw CGCM air-sea fluxes for the atmospheric forcing. .
Mallil, Katia. "Circulation générale et processus de sous-méso échelle dans le bassin Algéro-Provençal de la Méditerranée à partir de données in situ." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS113.
Full textData from the SOMBA-GE2014 oceanographic cruise, allowed us to highlight the presence of Algerian gyres via current measurements. The temperature and salinity sections obtained across the basin allowed the visualization of the influence of the Algerian gyres on the hydrological distribution. Indeed, young intermediate Levantine waters extend from Saridinian LIW vein towards the interior of the Algerian basin, in the form of patches. LIW and WIW core climatologies covering the period 1960 to 2017 in the Algerian-Provençal basin were produced using the Mediterranean database of temperature and salinity profiles and new detection methods. A westward transport of LIW from the southern vein of Sardinia to the interior of the Algerian basin following the periphery of the Algerian gyres is highlighted by this climatology and confirmed by the cross-correlation of the cooling signal observed during the 1980s. The estimation of trends of LIW and WIW characteristics help to document their evolution. The acceleration of warming observed throughout the basin from 2010 is alarming. Glider observations have supported our conclusions regarding the effectiveness of mesoscale and submesoscale structures for the transport of water masses into the interior of the Algerian basin. Indeed, we observed WIW, LIW, and WMDW parcels within the Algerian Basin with more pronounced characteristics than adjacent waters
Renault, Lionel. "Impact des jets côtiers atmosphériques sur l'Upwelling du système de courants de Humboldt." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/465/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the impact of atmospheric Coastal Jets on the upwellings of the Humboldt Currents System. A double approach is used: the first one consists in studying the Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation as well as the Ocean/Atmosphere interactions from the observations, whereas the second aims at modeling these Circulations in a realistic way by means of numerical regional models (ROMS for the ocean modeling and WRF for the atmosphere modeling. The obtained results suggest that there are various Atmospheric Coastal Jets along the Chilean and Peruvian Coasts. For certain ranges of frequencies, they control the upwelling variability of Chile and Peru. A heat flux balance of the Ocean Mixing Layer allows to identify the main mechanisms which control the oceanic answer off Central Chile. Moreover, we show that the Peruvian coast is under the influence of the both local atmospheric forcing and remote forcing. At some frequencies, the Kelvin wave trapped to the Peruvian Coasts induce a control of the coastal ocean variability by the Equatorial variability. The atmospheric regional model reproduces with realism the Chilean Coastal Jets whereas it has difficulty in simulating the atmospheric circulation at the level of Peru. The oceanic simulations reproduce the oceanic answer to the Coastal Jets off Central Chile. A heat flux balance of the Mixing Layer allows us to study what are the main mechanisms which control the oceanic answer in the model. Finally, we show that the regional models present a sensibility to the spatial resolution of the atmospheric and oceanic models. In particular, close to the coast, the wind characteristics in the atmospheric model depends on the spatial resolution of the model. This sensibility induce that the oceanic answer depends on the forcing field spatial resolution. .
Jebri, Beyrem. "Attribution et reconstruction du rôle de la variabilité interne et des forçages externes sur le climat passé récent et du dernier millénaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS162.
Full textUsing large ensembles of IPSLCM5A model simulations, we first investigate the roles of internal variability (and in particular the IPO) and external forcing in driving recent Peru-Chile regional cooling. The simulations reproduce the relative cooling, in response to an externally-forced southerly wind anomaly, which strengthens the upwelling off Chile in recent decades. This southerly wind anomaly results from the expansion of the Southern Hemisphere Hadley Cell in response to increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion since ~1980. An oceanic heat budget confirms that the wind-forced upwelling dominates the cooling near the coast while a wind-forced deepening of the mixed layer drives the offshore cooling, irrespectively of the IPO phase, hence indicating the preeminent role of external forcing. Constraining the climate sensitivity from observations remains however fraught with uncertainties due to the limited instrumental window of observation. In a second part, a data assimilation method is developed to reconstruct past natural variability relying on a particles filter using CMIP-class climate models. Such method is confronted with a problem of degeneracy associated with the resolution of a large problem with a limited number of particles. This issue has been resolved using a statistical emulator of the IPSL model (LIM) as an integration model in a particle filter with resampling. The validation of this new method, called SIR-LIM, allows the reconstruction of the climate variability of the past centuries by assimilating observations and proxy records into a CMIP-class coupled model while preserving the physical coherence along the simulation