Journal articles: 'Circulating Libraries'

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Glasgow, Eric. "Circulating libraries." Library Review 51, no. 8 (November 2002): 420–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242530210443172.

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Manley, K. A. "Libraries for sociability, or libraries of reality? The purpose of British subscription and circulating libraries." Library and Information History 36, no. 1 (April 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/lih.2020.0003.

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The private subscription and commercial circulating libraries of eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century England are frequently referred to by historians as ‘libraries for sociability’. But what is a ‘library for sociability’? Does holding card games in a library qualify? Under examination will be whether these kinds of lending libraries contained elements of ‘sociability’ at all or whether the phrase is just an academic conceit. This study will consider hard evidence, and therefore the name of Habermas will not be mentioned. Circulating libraries in popular holiday resorts in particular will be examined as well as the careers of certain individual librarians who aspired to attract the nobility and gentry. Were they really librarians or booksellers or perhaps just fancy goods salesmen? And how did a gang of bank robbers come to be connected to a ‘library for sociability’? How are an Edinburgh mugger and a pair of duellists connected to library history? These and other questions may or may not be answered.

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Manley, K. A. "Scottish Circulating and Subscription Libraries as Community Libraries." Library History 19, no. 3 (November 2003): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/lib.2003.19.3.185.

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Becker, Bernd. "Circulating Laptops in Academic Libraries." Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian 33, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639269.2014.904697.

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Croteau, Jeffrey. "Yet more American circulating libraries: a preliminary checklist of Brooklyn (New York) circulating libraries." Library History 22, no. 3 (November 2006): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174581606x158882.

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Bastiansen, Carly, and Jennifer Wharton. "Getting Ready for Play! Toy Collections in Public Libraries." Children and Libraries 13, no. 4 (December 7, 2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/cal13n4.13.

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Looking for a lively way to enhance early literacy services at your library? Hoping to increase circulation, community engagement, and fun in the children’s section? Consider adding circulating toys, games, puppets, and puzzles to your children’s collection.

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Nash, Jacob L. "Richard Trueswell's Contribution to Collection Evaluation and Management: A Review." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 11, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8pg8t.

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A Review of: Trueswell, R. L. (1969). Some behavioral patterns of library users: The 80/20 rule. Wilson Library Bulletin, 43(5), 458-461. Abstract Objective – To demonstrate the relationship between library circulation and the percent of a library's holdings satisfying circulation. Design – Retrospective cohort study of library circulation data. Setting – Cambridge and Northampton, Massachusetts, United States of America. Subjects – The users of the monographic holdings of the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory Library and the Forbes Public Library. Methods – Trueswell compiled circulation data from the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory Library over a period of 5 years, ostensibly from 1964-1969. Additionally, he gathered circulation data from Forbes Public Library. Trueswell compared each respective collection of data against the entire holdings of each library, after which he converted each measure to a percentage of the whole. Main Result – Based on the collected data, Trueswell found that the percentages of both libraries’ holdings that satisfy circulation follow a power law distribution. He compared this with a previous study measuring journal circulation at a Health Sciences Library that exhibited the same pattern. He stated that these similar distributions demonstrated the "80/20 Rule." The distribution is such that any given percent of circulation will provide the percent of a library’s circulating holdings necessary to satisfy it. Additionally, Trueswell found that 75 percent of current circulation had circulated at least once within the preceding year. Conclusion – The findings have implications for core collection development, purchasing multiple copies of a given title, determining the optimal size of a library's collection, and weeding. Trueswell also submits the idea of developing regional interlibrary loan centers for books that do not circulate often, as a cost saving measure for most libraries.

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Jacobs, Edward H. "Eighteenth-Century British Circulating Libraries and Cultural Book History." Book History 6, no. 1 (2003): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bh.2004.0010.

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Epp, Carla, and Laura Hochheim. "Restricted: Increasing Access to the Reference Collection." Journal of the Canadian Health Libraries Association / Journal de l'Association des bibliothèques de la santé du Canada 36, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5596/c15-015.

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Abstract: Introduction: The objective of this project was to determine whether or not a hospital library reference collection is still necessary or justified. Two academic hospital libraries moved all reference books to the general collection to see whether increased access to these materials would increase their use. Description: All reference books were updated to circulating status and shelved in the circulating collection. As these items were used, statistics were gathered in the integrated library system (ALMA). Statistics were gathered from August 2014 to January 2015. Circulation statistics for equivalent periods prior to and during the project were compared to determine whether changing access to the collection increased use. Outcomes: Uses of the reference collection items doubled at Seven Oaks General Hospital (SOGH) and more than tripled at Victoria General Hospital (VGH). The percentage of reference titles used tripled at SOGH and doubled at VGH. Discussion: The change to circulating status significantly increased access to and use of the reference collection. This borrowing policy change for the reference collection will be recommended to the other hospital libraries within the University of Manitoba.

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Falconer, Graham. "Provincial Circulating Libraries In Nineteenth-Century France: A Preliminary Survey." Australian Journal of French Studies 53, no. 3 (November 2016): 190–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2016.15.

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Priddle, Charlotte, and Laura McCann. "Off-Site Storage and Special Collections: A Study in Use and Impact in ARL Libraries in the United States." College & Research Libraries 76, no. 5 (July 1, 2015): 652–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl.76.5.652.

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Special collections libraries collect and preserve materials of intellectual and cultural heritage, providing access to unique research resources. As their holdings continue to expand, special collections in research libraries confront increased space pressures. Off-site storage facilities, used frequently by research libraries for general circulating collections, offer a solution to these pressures. Using data from a survey of special collections directors from ARL member libraries, this article examines both the current use of off-site storage facilities and its impact on core special collections activities. This study provides a foundation for what has been an underexplored area and identifies areas for further research.

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Jacobs, Edward. "Anonymous Signatures: Circulating Libraries, Conventionality, and the Production of Gothic Romances." ELH 62, no. 3 (1995): 603–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/elh.1995.0027.

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Breckbill, Anita Stoltzfus, and Carole Goebes. "Music Circulating Libraries in France: An Overview and a Preliminary List." Notes 63, no. 4 (2007): 761–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/not.2007.0057.

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Xu, Qinghua, Leon Lin, and Xiaohan Wu. "Implementing Controlled Digital Lending with Google Drive and Apps Script." International Journal of Librarianship 6, no. 1 (July 10, 2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23974/ijol.2021.vol6.1.193.

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The unexpected outbreak of COVID-19 near the beginning of 2020 has significantly interrupted the daily operation of a wide range of academic institutions worldwide. As a result, libraries faced a challenge of providing their patrons access to physical collections while the campuses may remain closed. Discussions on the implementation of Controlled Digital Lending (CDL) among libraries have been trending ever since. In theory, CDL enables libraries to digitize a physical item from their collections and loan the access-restricted file to one user at a time based on the “owned to loaned” ratio in the library’s collections, for a limited time. Despite all the discussions and enthusiasm about CDL, there is, however, still a lack of technical infrastructure to support individual libraries to manage their self-hosted collections. With COVID-19 still very much a presence in our lives, many libraries are more than eager to figure out the best approach to circulating materials that only exist in print form to their users in a secure and legitimate way. This article describes the author's temporary but creative implementation of CDL amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We managed to work out a technical solution in a very short time, to lend out digital versions of library materials to users when the library is physically inaccessible to them. By collaborating with our campus IT, a Google Spreadsheet with Google Apps Scripts was developed to allow a team of Access Services Staff to do hourly loans, which is a desired function for our reserve collection. Further, when the access to a file expires, staff will be notified via email. We hope our experience can be useful for those libraries that are interested in lending their physical materials using CDL and are in urgent need for an applicable solution without a cost.

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Grenby, M. O. (Matthew Orville). "Adults Only? Children and Children's Books in British Circulating Libraries, 1748-1848." Book History 5, no. 1 (2002): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bh.2002.0007.

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Sukma Kurnia Putri, Evi Nursanti Rukmana, and Encang Saepudin. "A Narrative Literature Review Of Digital Library Research As A Source Of Learning During Covid-19 In The Google Scholar Database." JPUA: Jurnal Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga: Media Informasi dan Komunikasi Kepustakawanan 12, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpua.v12i2.2022.90-101.

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The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic requires all people to stop and shift all activities outside the home to be all online, including in the education sector. The distance learning system requires learners to adapt to this new learning pattern. The existence of a digital library helps all the information needs of users during the Covid-19 pandemic through its various services that provide easy access to information needed by the public effectively. The preparation of research is intended to determine the role of digital libraries in supporting learning and providing credible information to the public by analyzing research themes/topics, research methods, and research results. This study applies a narrative literature review type literature study method to five reference sources indexed in Google Scholar with a span of the last ten years. The results showed that digital libraries with various types of services they offer can maintain the quality of information circulating among the public and facilitate access to information so that the teaching and learning process, research and development of science becomes smoother and easier even during the Emergency of the Covid-19 pandemic. Research on digital libraries uses many types of research methods such as qualitative research methods, literature study methods, and Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methods. From the five references analyzed, it can be concluded that digital libraries can be used as a tool to find and obtain learning resources and relevant information during the Covid-19 pandemic. Digital library management requires reliable librarians as parties who distribute all information and knowledge into digital form.

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Grays, Lateka, and James Cory Tucker. "Reimagining career collections to increase usage and engagement." Collection and Curation 39, no. 4 (May 8, 2020): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cc-12-2019-0045.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe a case study of building a career collection at an academic library and to assess the use of materials and the services provided to students and the career services office. Design/methodology/approach This study reviewed circulation statistics and COUNTER reports to identify usage of career services resources. Findings The major findings of this study indicated that items in the print career collection experienced higher circulation rate than items in the circulating collection at Lied Library. Originality/value The information and findings of this study can provide a background of services and information on how to build a career collection in an academic library that can be used as an example for other libraries interested in providing career services and/or collections.

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Robson, Diane, Jessica Phillips, and Steven Guerrero. "Don’t Just Roll the Dice: Simple Solutions for Circulating Tabletop Game Collections Effectively in Your Library." Library Resources & Technical Services 62, no. 2 (April 4, 2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/lrts.62n2.80.

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Tabletop game collections in libraries raise questions regarding standards in collection maintenance. This paper details the University of North Texas Media Library’s study to determine best practices and standards for preserving and processing tabletop games for circulation. The authors list and describe the different methods of processing and preserving the games Ticket to Ride and Betrayal at House on the Hill and the project plan to test different copies of each game in circulation. After a period of circulation for each copy, the authors assess each method through an evaluation of damage and loss in relation to time and money spent on preservation and processing. The paper also describes a study of damage intended to simulate the effects of possible hazardous materials and scenarios during a typical play session, along with an assessment of damage to the test pieces. The authors outline the preservation and processing methods they currently use based on their findings from this research.

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King, Rachel P. "Access to Circulating Videos in Academic Libraries: From Policy Review to Action Plan." Collection Management 41, no. 4 (October 2016): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01462679.2016.1242444.

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Valentine, Patrick. "Useful Books: Community Libraries in Antebellum North Carolina." North Carolina Libraries 64, no. 3 (January 29, 2008): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/ncl.v64i3.5.

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While little has been published on libraries and print culture in the antebellum South, citizens were aware of the need to accumulate and disseminate knowledge in the form of books and magazines. North Carolina was not renowned for its schools or literary culture but it did witness over thirty attempts to establish community libraries between the American Revolution and the Civil War. This paper examines this library movement in its historical and cultural context as a reflection of the importance of print culture and voluntary associations within American civil society. By surveying a wide range of often-neglected primary and secondary literature, this article stands as a model for further research. Law to establish the Allemance [sic] Library Society, Guilford County: "For the purpose of procuring and establishing a circulating Library of Useful Books..." Laws of the State of North Carolina... 1.

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ROBERTS, A. D. "Libraries in Africa: Pioneers, Policies, Problems. By ANTHONY OLDEN. Lanham, MD., and London: Scarecrow Press, 1996 (UK agent: Shelwing Ltd., Folkestone). Pp. xx + 170. £35.65 (ISBN 0-8108-3093-0)." Journal of African History 38, no. 1 (March 1997): 123–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853796606902.

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This expensive little book, originally a thesis for the University of Illinois, is an artless but sometimes perceptive account of certain library endeavours in British East and West Africa, based on archival and library research in Britain and the United States. It is not a history of libraries per se so much as a study of instances of external aid to the development of libraries beyond the sphere of teaching institutions. In the 1930s, one such source – as in so much of the English-speaking world – was the Carnegie Corporation. Grants to Kenya underpinned a system of circulating libraries, the depot for which was housed in the McMillan Memorial Library, Nairobi; membership was confined to whites until 1958. In Lagos, Alan Burns, as chief secretary, secured a grant to start an unsegregated but fee-charging library: in 1934 just 43 of its 481 members were African. The grant ended in 1935, but the library was still going forty years later.

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Skelton‐Foord, Christopher. "To buy or to borrow? Circulating libraries and novel reading in Britain, 1778‐1828." Library Review 47, no. 7 (November 1998): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00242539810233477.

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Abbas, Hyder. "Irish Reading Societies and Circulating Libraries Founded Before 1825: Useful Knowledge and Agreeable Entertainment." Library & Information History 35, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17583489.2019.1626636.

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Morin, Christina. "Irish reading societies and circulating libraries founded before 1825: useful knowledge and agreeable entertainment." Irish Studies Review 27, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670882.2019.1624363.

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Steele, Kirstin. "Infusing new into the library." Bottom Line 27, no. 4 (November 25, 2014): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bl-10-2014-0027.

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Purpose – The purpose of the article is to review possible new technologies which might enhance a Center for Digital Learning, Teaching and Scholarship at the library. Design/methodology/approach – Opinion piece. Findings – There are several cutting edge but increasingly affordable technologies which could attract students to the library and raise the library’s profile. Research limitations/implications – It would be interesting to design a study of library use and determine if the addition of unusual technologies had any effects. Practical implications – Given the affordability of some devices, there is little risk involved in proceeding with establishment and furnishing of a Center for Digital Learning, Teaching and Scholarship at the library. Originality/value – A literature search for drones and libraries retrieved no scholarly articles, but did bring back one or two news pieces about circulating drones at the University of South Florida.

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Guardini Vasconcelos, Sandra. "Crossing the Atlantic: Reading Rooms and Foreign-Language Periodicals in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro." Cultural History 10, no. 2 (October 2021): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/cult.2021.0244.

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Reading rooms, a totally unprecedented kind of institution in a country newly independent from Portuguese rule, started being set up in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro in the late 1820s. Catering mainly for the foreign communities, their fare consisted for the most part in imported printed material. Although it might sound like an exaggeration to claim that Rio was flooded with newspapers, books and periodicals, they became gradually and increasingly available to its inhabitants. The establishment of the British Subscription Library in 1826, the Portuguese Circulating Library in 1837, and the Biblioteca Fluminense in 1847 played a pivotal role in the circulation of British and French periodicals, allowing for the dissemination of news, ideas, key political, social and economic issues, as well as the diffusion of fiction and literary news. This essay reveals the presence and circulation of some of the foreign periodicals in nineteenth-century Rio de Janeiro libraries and reading rooms and traces their impact on the local Republic of Letters.

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Raymond, Christopher K. "Focused size selection of cell-free DNA samples for liquid biopsy applications that rely on next-generation sequencing." BioTechniques 67, no. 4 (October 2019): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2019-0071.

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Genomic analysis of circulating, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is being used extensively for molecular diagnostics. Many approaches rely on the construction of cfDNA genomic libraries, targeted retrieval of specific genomic regions and analysis by next-generation DNA sequencing. Several steps during sample preparation require isolation of DNA fragments within a particular size range. In this Benchmark article, two related methods for size-selective DNA fragment enrichment are described.

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Huang, C., and B. D. Stollar. "A majority of Ig H chain cDNA of normal human adult blood lymphocytes resembles cDNA for fetal Ig and natural autoantibodies." Journal of Immunology 151, no. 10 (November 15, 1993): 5290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.151.10.5290.

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Abstract Certain Ig VH gene segments, with few or no mutations, recur frequently in natural autoantibodies, fetal antibodies, and products of B cell tumors. The goal of this study was to determine whether similar Ig gene segment usage occurs in normal human adult PBL. Extending previous analyses, 105 randomly picked H chain V region clones of representative cDNA libraries from PBL were sequenced. Clones were from: IgM and IgG libraries from one RNA sample of a normal adult; a second IgM library from the same subject 11 mo later; and one IgM library from a second subject. Although some clones had clear evidence of mutation, 48 of 77 IgM clones (62%) shared 99% or more identity with known germline VH segments, and most of these had no mutations in the CDR3 portion of the JH segment. Certain VH gene segments, expressed in autoantibodies and fetal antibodies, occurred at high frequency in these libraries. Fourteen of the clones with 99% identity to known VH segments had CDR3 segments identical to portions of known germline DH gene sequences; two such clones had no N nucleotides at the VHDH or DHJH junctions. IgG-encoding sequences had more mutations than IgM-encoding sequences. JH and DH usage was not random. The circulating B cell population may represent a distinct compartment, with a large proportion of cells similar to those of the fetal and natural autoantibody repertoire. Polyreactive Ig products of these circulating cells may serve a screening function, binding and delivering diverse Ag to secondary lymphoid tissues where more highly selective antibodies are formed to foreign or self-Ag.

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O'Hara, Lisa. "Collection Usage Pre- and Post-Summon Implementation at the University of Manitoba Libraries." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 7, no. 4 (December 11, 2012): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8dk70.

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Objectives – This study examines the use of print and electronic collections both before and after implementation of Summon at the University of Manitoba Libraries. Summon is a web-scale discovery service which allows discovery of all of the materials the library owns or has access to from a simple search box on the library’s web page. Methods – COUNTER statistics were used to determine database, e-journal, and e-book statistics, including database search statistics (DR1) from the COUNTER Database Report 1, full-text article downloads from the COUNTER Journal Report 1 (JR1), and successful section search requests from the COUNTER Book Report 2 (BR2) for electronic resources. Sirsi, the University of Manitoba’s integrated library system, provided statistics on checkouts for the libraries’ circulating print monograph and serial collections. The percentage change from the pre-Summon implementation period to the post-Summon implementation period was calculated and these numbers were used to determine whether usage had increased or decreased for both print and electronic collections. Results – As expected, searches in citation databases decreased because searches were no longer being carried out in the native database as the metadata from the database is included in Summon. E-journal usage increased dramatically and e-book usage also increased for four of six providers examined. Print usage decreased, but the results were inconclusive. Conclusions – Summon implementation had a favourable impact on collection usage.

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Zuck, Rochelle Raineri. "Who Wrote The Female American?: The Noble Brothers, Circulating Libraries, and the Eighteenth-Century Novel." ELH 89, no. 3 (September 2022): 661–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/elh.2022.0023.

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Laurie, R. "Books, Borrowers, and Shareholders: Scottish Circulating and Subscription Libraries Before 1825. By K. A. MANLEY." Library 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/14.3.357.

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Emerson, Ryan, William DeWitt, Paul Lindau, Anna Sherwood, David Williamson, Mark Rieder, Moon-Wook Chung, Christopher Carlson, and Harlan Robins. "Assessing B lymphocyte clonal diversity and expansion by high-throughput sequencing of rearranged IgH loci from naïve and memory repertoires (IRM8P.708)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 127.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.127.9.

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Abstract Diversity in B cell antigen specificity arises from structural diversity of the B cell receptor generated by somatic rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) and light chain loci during B cell development. Antigen-experienced (memory) B cells are stimulated to proliferate upon successful binding of antigen, whereas the extent to which antigen-inexperienced (naïve) cells proliferate, and therefore the total diversity of circulating naïve B cells, is unclear. High-throughput sequencing of rearranged IgH CDR3 regions was performed for sorted memory and naïve B cell samples from each of 3 adults. For each sample, approximately 5 million B cells were split among 188 libraries for multiplex PCR amplification of IgH CDR3 segments, allowing us to estimate clone abundances using the number of libraries occupied by each distinct CDR3 segment. Modeling sample clone abundances as a superposition of homogeneous Poisson processes, memory repertoire clone abundance was characterized. Data from naïve samples suggest extreme diversity with more than 98% of clones occupying only one library (i.e., almost surely present in only one cell in the sample). A measure-theoretic upper bound on mean clone abundance in the naive repertoire was computed based on Monte Carlo simulation, indicating that naïve B cells typically undergo little, if any, expansion. We estimate the diversity of circulating naive B cells to be on the order of 100 million in healthy adults.

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O’Hara, S. Mark, Jose G. Moreno, Daniel R. Zweitzig, Steve Gross, Leonard G. Gomella, and Leon W. M. M. Terstappen. "Multigene Reverse Transcription-PCR Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells in Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 5 (May 1, 2004): 826–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2003.028563.

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Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a surrogate source of tissue and conceptually represent a “real-time” biopsy. We previously reported that the number of CTCs mirrors disease progression in hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). To improve characterization of CTCs we further investigated whether in vitro transcription-based multigene reverse transcription-PCR expression profiles could be obtained from CTCs in HRPC. Methods: We evaluated the expression of 37 genes with potential utility for epithelial cell characterization from antisense RNA libraries constructed from immunomagnetically enriched CTCs from 7.5-mL blood samples from healthy donors and patients with HRPC. Results: In the control group 13 of 37 genes were not expressed. The most notable of the genes expressed in CTCs of 23 blood specimens drawn from 9 patients with metastatic prostate cancer were prostate-specific antigen (20 of 23; 87%), prostate-specific membrane antigen (17 of 23; 74%), androgen receptor (16 of 23; 70%), human glandular kallikrein 2 (7 of 23; 30%), epidermal growth factor receptor (4 of 23; 17%), and prostate-specific gene with homology to G protein receptor (2 of 23; 9%). The number of CTCs in these samples ranged from 4 to 283 in 7.5 mL of blood (mean, 87; median, 89). Expression of some of the genes was low in the control samples and higher in the patient samples. In all 23 samples, cytokeratin 19, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, or mucin 1 was expressed. Because of background expression in the controls, expression of 13 of the 37 genes, including HER-2, p53, and BCL-2, could not be measured in CTCs. Conclusion: Antisense RNA libraries can be constructed from CTCs and gene expression profiles of CTCs obtained from patients with HRPC. This could enhance the characterization of HRPC and facilitate the development of more effective therapies.

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Lecerf, Jean-Michel, Yan Chen, Pascale Richalet-Sécordel, Xiaowei Wang, and B. David Stollar. "Autoreactivity of Human VH Domains from cDNA Libraries: Analysis with a Bacterial Expression System." Journal of Immunology 161, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 1274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.3.1274.

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Abstract Previous studies showed that VH domains of several anti-DNA Abs can bind DNA in the absence of VL. In the current work, we tested the VH autoreactive potential more generally, examining VH domains that did not come from known autoantibodies. Using a bacterial expression system, we produced 11 fusion proteins, each containing a VH domain and a B domain of staphylococcal protein A. The VH domains were coded in cDNA libraries from circulating B cells of healthy young adult humans. Thus, binding properties of the Ig molecules from which they came were unknown. The B cells had not been stimulated in vitro. Seven cDNA clones combined the frequently expressed VH3-23 gene segment with varied DH and JH segments. The other clones contained unmutated VH3-7, VH3-9, VH3-53, and VH4-39 segments. We compared these bacterial expression products with single-chain Fv, VH and VL domains of IgM mAb 18/2, a VH3-23-encoded, DNA-binding autoantibody. Submicromolar concentrations of 5 of the 11 VH domains bound to ssDNA. Those and one more also bound to immobilized poly(dT), and two bound to circular plasmid dsDNA. Soluble poly(dT) was the most potent inhibitor in competitive ELISA. Seven of the VH domains also bound to immobilized nuclear ribonucleoprotein, four to histone and none to thyroglobulin. Two interacted with the matrix of a Sephacryl S-100 column. The polyreactive autoantigen-binding properties of these VH domains raise the question of whether these properties may play a role in the formation of the VH repertoire of circulating B cells.

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Barnard, Toby. "Book Review: Irish Reading Societies and Circulating Libraries Founded Before 1825: Useful Knowledge and Agreeable Entertainment." Irish Economic and Social History 46, no. 1 (December 2019): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0332489319881245j.

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Seppi, Greg, and Dainan Skeem. "Picking Up the Pieces: Library Processes and the Theft of Rare Materials." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 21, no. 2 (2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.21.2.98.

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In October 2018, Brigham Young University’s Harold B. Lee Library experienced thefts from its general circulating collection and L. Tom Perry Special Collections. This article explores the literature on theft in special collections and libraries in general, reviews the events that occurred as a case study in dealing with theft, and concludes with some thoughts on how institutions can avoid purchasing stolen materials. We also include our analysis of one of the stolen books to explain how we knew it belonged to the university and a sample theft reporting checklist.

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Vogrinčič Čepič, Ana. "Knjižnica kot (tretji) prostor: družbeni učinki prostorskih praks." Keria: Studia Latina et Graeca 19, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/keria.19.1.57-80.

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Prispevek obravnava družbene učinke heterogene rabe prostora v izposojevalnih knjižnicah (t. i. circulating libraries) 18. stoletja in v sodobnih splošnih javnih knjižnicah in na tej osnovi preizprašuje ustreznost koncepta tretji prostor, ki se vsaj zadnjih deset let v knjižničnem diskurzu pojavlja kot deskriptivna stalnica. Skozi analizo ugotavlja, da je stroka premalo kritično posvojila razumevanje referenčne Oldenburgove definicije, saj ta v resnici zgreši osrednjo namembnost javnih knjižnic. V premislek zato ponudi reinterpretacijo koncepta za sodobno knjižnično prakso. Članek zaključuje širša refleksija o tem, kako sploh misliti knjižnico v 21. stoletju.

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Grissom, Andrew R. "The Alert Collector: Workplace Diversity and Inclusion." Reference & User Services Quarterly 57, no. 4 (June 15, 2018): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.57.4.6700.

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It is usually assumed that the Alert Collector column author has some expertise on the subject covered. This is especially true this issue for author Andrew R. Grissom’s column on workpace diversity and inclusion. Grissom is an information professional at a nonprofit devoted to these issues. You could say he “lives and breathes” this topic. The column has something for all libraries, whether you are seeking to expand your circulating collections or offer an in-house collection of resources to help your library create or maintain an inclusive workplace.—Editor

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Williams, Zev, Iddo Z. Ben-Dov, Rony Elias, Aleksandra Mihailovic, Miguel Brown, Zev Rosenwaks, and Thomas Tuschl. "Comprehensive profiling of circulating microRNA via small RNA sequencing of cDNA libraries reveals biomarker potential and limitations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 11 (February 25, 2013): 4255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214046110.

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Xanthoudakis, Alex. "‘Does anybody have that fic…?’: The fannish reclamation of the circulating library." Journal of Fandom Studies 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jfs_00029_1.

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Associated with frivolous reading and moral repugnance, eighteenth-century circulating libraries provided women and members of the working class easy access to novels. Almost three centuries later, fans who create and own private, file-based collections of fanfiction have reclaimed the circulating library structure. Now used to preserve the very kinds of content Victorian detractors were so against by the communities they feared would be corrupted, transformative fans (mostly women and queer folx) share copies of works from their personal collections to interested readers. These serve the dual function of archiving fic for pleasure on the part of the collector, as well as storing a stable format of the work ‐ one that is less likely to be made obsolete. Because fans do not expect these files to be returned, a private fic collection is therefore not a library at all, but an archive, one that is dependent on individual taste but connected to the community through a network of endless copying, gifting and regifting. Therefore, studying these fic collections not only gives us insight into fannish reading habits over time but also points to strategies of archiving and cultural preservation in the face of technological debt.

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Stewart, A. K., C. Huang, B. D. Stollar, and R. S. Schwartz. "High-frequency representation of a single VH gene in the expressed human B cell repertoire." Journal of Experimental Medicine 177, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.177.2.409.

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Idiotype (Id) 16/6 marks a variable (V) region structure that occurs frequently in the human immunoglobulin repertoire. The basis of the Id has been traced to a germline heavy chain gene segment, VH18/2 (VH26). To pursue the molecular basis for the frequency of Id 16/6, we have analyzed polymerase chain reaction-generated C mu, C gamma, and VH3 family V gene libraries derived from the circulating and tonsillar B cells of four normal individuals and from the B cells of two patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The frequency of VH18/2 in these libraries was compared with three control VH genes, VH56P1, VH21/28, and VHA57. Plaque lifts from C mu and C gamma VH cDNA libraries were screened with gene-specific oligonucleotide probes. The frequency of VH18/2 ranged from 4 to 10% of JH+ plaques (two of five times that of control VH genes). In four VH3 family-specific libraries derived from rearranged DNA, VH18/2 represented 19-33% of VH3+ plaques. Hybridizing VH18/2 plaques were 98-100% homologous to the germline VH gene; mutations when present were often in framework 3. Extensive variation was seen in the complementarity determining region 3 sequences of these rearranged V genes. The high frequency of VH18/2 expression in the B cell repertoire was confirmed by sequencing randomly picked JH+ plaques. In two patients with active SLE the frequency of use of VH18/2 was not greater than that observed in normal subjects. These results show that VH18/2 is overrepresented in the B cell repertoire of normal subjects and suggest that the immune repertoire may be dominated by relatively few V genes.

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Tian, Geng, Ligang Xia, Zhoufang Li, Xiaohua Li, Feiyue Xu, Chaoyu Liu, and Jiankui He. "Baseline mutation profiling of circulating cell-free DNA from healthy individuals to improve the detection accuracy of circulating tumor DNA in cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e23057-e23057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e23057.

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e23057 Background: Cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as an effective blood-based biomarker for clinical diagnostics in cancers, improving the accuracy and efficiency of cancer treatment for clinic. However, the somatic mutations originated from inheritance or normal biological metabolism in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma can largely interfere with the detection of ctDNA. The baseline for ctDNA evaluation is urgently needed for accuracy identification of ctDNAs in patients. Methods: Averagely 20 ml blood samples were collected from more than 1200 individuals including healthy volunteers, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer patients, etc. Genomic DNA from white blood cells and cfDNA from plasma were extracted and constructed as sequencing libraries using a panel contains 50 cancer-associated genes, respectively for each sample. Then they are subjected to ultra-deep sequencing with average depth > 40000 folds covering ~21K nucleotide regions. Results: The background somatic mutation frequencies were detected in genomic DNA and cfDNA in healthy controls. The results showed that most of mutations in cfDNA were consistent with those in genomic DNA. Using data from 1200 individuals, we generated the baseline mutation profiling of cfDNA, which was referred in the ctDNA determination in cancer samples, which significantly improved the accuracy of ctDNA detection compared with tissue biopsy. Conclusions: Our studies demonstrated the importance of sequencing both cfDNA and genomic DNA for ctDNA detection in cancers. We also determined the baseline mutation profiling of circulating cfDNA from more than 1200 healthy individuals and confirmed the value of it by comparing with DNA sequencing data in cancer tissue. Our work offers clue on how to improve the detection accuracy of circulating tumor DNA in early cancer diagnosis.

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Fox, Peter. "Irish Reading Societies and Circulating Libraries Founded before 1825: Useful Knowledge and Agreeable Entertainment. By K. A. Manley." Library 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/20.2.258.

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Ramadhani, Aditya, and Dio Eka Prayitno. "Design of Library Information Systems for Collections Procurement at Hayam Wuruk Perbanas Library." JPUA: Jurnal Perpustakaan Universitas Airlangga: Media Informasi dan Komunikasi Kepustakawanan 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jpua.v12i1.2022.50-56.

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Information disclosure is an opportunity and a challenge for libraries in managing information. Management of this information must be done quickly and precisely so that people can consume information according to their needs. Libraries take an important role in such conditions because the library as an information management organization has a strategic role so that the information circulating can be in accordance with the needs of the community. Up-to-date information is one way for the public to get appropriate information and this must be done by the library so that the existence and value of its benefits can be felt by the community. The community can take a role in supporting the updating of the information. One way to keep the information up to date is to adjust the collection of library materials by conducting it. The approach that is owned by the library is to monitor the process of procuring a collection of library materials carried out by the library. Librarians can build an information system design that can accommodate these activities. The research method used in this article is a research with a qualitative descriptive approach in the form of a case study. This article aims to offer an information system for the procurement of library material collections carried out by the Hayam Wuruk Perbanas University Surabaya Library. The result is a proposed information system for the procurement of a new collection of library materials with an open nature so that all stages or the process of procuring a collection of library materials can be monitored together and users can find out the up-to-date collection of library materials owned by the library.

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Kim, Michael. "Literary Production, Circulating Libraries, and Private Publishing: The Popular Reception of Vernacular Fiction Texts in the Late Chosǒn Dynasty." Journal of Korean Studies 9, no. 1 (2004): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jks.2004.0003.

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Bai, Cui, Meng Zhang, Yiran Zhang, Yixiong He, Huaiqian Dou, Ziyue Wang, Zhiliang Wang, Zipu Li, and Lijuan Zhang. "Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Activity (GGT) Is a Long-Sought Biomarker of Redox Status in Blood Circulation: A Retrospective Clinical Study of 44 Types of Human Diseases." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2022 (June 6, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8494076.

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Background and Aim. Redox equilibria are critical for life, but the biomarkers of redox status are currently unavailable. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is an essential factor for modulating redox equilibrium through glutathione. In clinical practice, increased circulating GGT activity is used as a hepatobiliary disease biomarker. However, increased circulating GGT activities have also been observed in cancers, heart disease, diabetes, hyperuricemia, inflammation, renal insufficiency, and other diseases, explained by its role in maintaining redox equilibrium inside and outside cells. Previous studies on GGT were mainly limited to one type of disease at one time. In the current study, we systematically compared the GGT levels in 44 different human diseases to test if it could serve as a redox status biomarker in blood circulation. Methods. The clinical GGT data from 168,858 patients with 44 diseases and 132,357 healthy control in the clinical laboratory of our hospital over the past five years were retrieved. All data were analyzed with SPSS, RStudio V.1.3.1073, and python libraries 3.8. Results. Thirty-eight out of 44 diseases had significantly increased ( p < 0.001 ) circulating GGT activities, whereas gastric cancer, anemia, renal cyst, cervical cancer, preeclampsia, and knee-joint degenerative diseases had significantly decreased ( p < 0.001 ) GGT activities compared to the healthy control. ROC analyses showed that GGT was an excellent biomarker for liver cancer ( AUC = 0.86 ), pancreatitis ( AUC = 0.84 ), or hepatic encephalopathy ( AUC = 0.80 ). All pancreas-related diseases had more than 8-fold increases in GGT activity span than the healthy control, while pancreatic cancer had a 12-fold increase (1021 U/L vs. 82 U/L). The knee-joint degenerative disease had the lowest median and narrowest GGT activity range (63 U/L). Furthermore, most diseases’ lowest to highest GGT activities were beyond the healthy control in both directions. Conclusions. Thirty-eight out of 44 diseases were in overall oxidative states defined by the increased GGT median values. In contrast, knee-joint degenerative disease, gastric cancer, anemia, renal cyst, cervical cancer, and preeclampsia were in overall antioxidative states. Moreover, most diseases swing between oxidative and antioxidative states, evidenced by the increased lowest to highest GGT activity ranges than the healthy control. Liver- and pancreas-related abnormalities were responsible for significantly increased GGT activities. Our overall results suggested that circulating GGT was a redox status biomarker.

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Bowes, Tyrone, Shirley A. Hanley, Aaron Liew, Marc Eglon, Kaveh Mashayekhi, Richard O’Kennedy, Frank Barry, et al. "Developing Cell-Specific Antibodies to Endothelial Progenitor Cells Using Avian Immune Phage Display Technology." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 16, no. 7 (May 18, 2011): 744–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057111407067.

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This study aims at generating immune chicken phage display libraries and single-chain antibodies (scFvs) specifically directed against cell surface markers of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) that contain endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In contrast to previous approaches that use well-defined recombinant antigens attached to plastic surfaces that may alter the structure of the proteins, the authors describe a method that maintains the cell surface markers on live cells while providing the opportunity to rapidly screen entire libraries for antibodies that bind to unknown cell surface markers of progenitor/stem cells. Chickens immunized with live EPCs, consisting of a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes and monocytes, demonstrated a robust immune response. After three rounds of biopanning, the authors purified and characterized three unique scFvs called UG1-3. Codon-optimized recombinant UG1 (gUG-1) shows binding by flow cytometry to circulating CD14-positive cells in peripheral blood consistent with predominant expression of a target protein on monocyte subsets. The authors describe the successful use of immunization of chickens for the generation of scFvs against a heterogenous population of EPCs displaying unknown cell surface markers and demonstrate the strong potential of phage display technology in the development of reagents for the isolation and characterization of stem/progenitor cells.

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Robalino, Javier, Jonas S. Almeida, David McKillen, Joan Colglazier, Harold F. Trent, Yian Ann Chen, Megan E. T. Peck, et al. "Insights into the immune transcriptome of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: tissue-specific expression profiles and transcriptomic responses to immune challenge." Physiological Genomics 29, no. 1 (March 2007): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00165.2006.

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Infectious disease constitutes a major obstacle to the sustainability of shrimp aquaculture worldwide and a significant threat to natural populations of shrimp and other crustacea. The study of the shrimp immune system, including the response to viral infection, has been hampered by a relative lack of molecular genetic information and of tools suitable for high-throughput assessment of gene expression. In this report, the generation of a cDNA microarray encompassing 2,469 putative unigenes expressed in gills, circulating hemocytes, and hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei is described. The unigenes printed on the microarray were derived from the analyses of 7,021 expressed sequence tags obtained from standard cDNA libraries as well as from libraries generated by suppression subtractive hybridization, after challenging shrimp with a variety of immune stimuli. The general utility of the cDNA microarray was demonstrated by interrogating the array with labeled RNA from four different shrimp tissues (gills, hemocytes, hepatopancreas, and muscle) and by analyzing the transcriptomic response of shrimp to a lethal challenge with white spot syndrome virus. Our results indicate that white spot syndrome virus infection upregulates (in the hepatopancreas) genes encoding known and potential antimicrobial effectors, while some genes involved in protection from oxidative stress were found to be downregulated by the virus.

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Riffo-Campos, Angela L., Javier Perez-Hernandez, Ana Ortega, Olga Martinez-Arroyo, Ana Flores-Chova, Josep Redon, and Raquel Cortes. "Exosomal and Plasma Non-Coding RNA Signature Associated with Urinary Albumin Excretion in Hypertension." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020823.

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Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), released into circulation or packaged into exosomes, plays important roles in many biological processes in the kidney. The purpose of the present study is to identify a common ncRNA signature associated with early renal damage and its related molecular pathways. Three individual libraries (plasma and urinary exosomes, and total plasma) were prepared from each hypertensive patient (with or without albuminuria) for ncRNA sequencing analysis. Next, an RNA-based transcriptional regulatory network was constructed. The three RNA biotypes with the greatest number of differentially expressed transcripts were long-ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs). We identified a common 24 ncRNA molecular signature related to hypertension-associated urinary albumin excretion, of which lncRNAs were the most representative. In addition, the transcriptional regulatory network showed five lncRNAs (LINC02614, BAALC-AS1, FAM230B, LOC100505824 and LINC01484) and the miR-301a-3p to play a significant role in network organization and targeting critical pathways regulating filtration barrier integrity and tubule reabsorption. Our study found an ncRNA profile associated with albuminuria, independent of biofluid origin (urine or plasma, circulating or in exosomes) that identifies a handful of potential targets, which may be utilized to study mechanisms of albuminuria and cardiovascular damage.

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Lincoln, Timothy Dwight. "Reading and E-reading for Academic Work: Patterns and Preferences in Theological Studies and Religion." Theological Librarianship 6, no. 2 (July 16, 2013): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/tl.v6i2.293.

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This article reports on a 2012 survey of library patrons at ATLA-affiliated libraries regarding academic reading habits and preferences. The research questions for the study were: [1] To what extent is academic reading done as e-reading?; [2] What features do participants value in e-books?; [3] What library sources do patrons want made available to them electronically? The method used in the study was an online survey. A total of 2,578 individuals took the survey in the spring of 2012. Key findings were that half of respondents regularly read journal articles on a computer screen and one in five regularly reads or listens to e-books in their academic work. Participants wanted e-books to enable them to perform keyword searches, move around quickly within the text, and annotate the text electronically. Seven out of ten participants stated that they would like libraries to provide reference works, Bible commentaries, circulating titles, and textbooks in electronic format. It appeared that the distinction between library-owned resources and those owned by an individual disappeared in the minds of many respondents. The author concludes that theological library directors should consider spending a significant proportion of their collection budget on electronic resources now, despite ongoing difficulties that academic publishers face in making a transition to digital publishing. The author also interprets findings in light of Fred Davis’ model of technology acceptance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Circulating Libraries'

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