Journal articles: 'Circulating cooling system'

1

Xu, Ping, Zhaoyi Xu, Jin Wang, Yajun Zhang, and Li Zhang. "MIC in Circulating Cooling Water System." Journal of Water Resource and Protection 04, no. 04 (2012): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2012.44022.

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Huang, Chang Shan, Hui Wu Xu, Yu Shan Cheng, Jin Ying Wu, and Mian Xue. "Metal Corrosion Problems and Countermeasures in High Conductivity of Circulating Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1841.

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Objective: Through the test of air conditioning cooling water circulation system and the electrical conductivity of iron corrosion velocity, find out the method of corrosion control measures; Methods: Rotating hanging plate method and conductivity meter and other cooling water test air conditioning system in different conductivity of metal iron corrosion rate; Conductivity results: Air-conditioning cooling water circulation system of more than 1900 μs/cm, metal corrosion rate less than 0.05mm/a, shall meet the relevant standards. Conclusion: Through the addition of corrosion inhibitor, scientific emission and control of circulating cooling water pH, conductivity decreased circulating water cooling, can reduce the corrosion of iron, to ensure the safe and stable operation of cooling water pipe and equipment.

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Wang, Yu, and Lin Ruan. "Self-Circulating Evaporative Cooling System of a Rotor and Its Experimental Verification." Processes 10, no. 5 (May 9, 2022): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050934.

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With the development of hydropower, the heat problem of a rotor cannot be ignored. This paper presents a topology of an evaporative cooling system for rotors. The system seals the pole coil in a tank and immerses the coil in the insulating coolant with a suitable boiling point. The latent heat of vaporization during the boiling of coolant is used to control the temperature rise of the pole coil. After explaining the circulation principle of the system, the effectiveness of the cooling system is verified by experiments. A small-scale experimental platform has been set up to test the effectiveness of the new topology. The comparison experiment with air-cooling shows that the phase change cooling system can not only provide hundreds of times the heat transfer capacity of air-cooling, but also the temperature rise of the coil is half that of air cooling. Based on the experimental results, the calculated formula of the heat transfer coefficient of the evaporative cooling system in the rotating state was fitted, and the deviation of the calculated result could be kept at less than 25%. Thanks to the evaporative cooling system, the rotor carries a high current density.

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Bosak, Mykola, Oleksandr Hvozdetskyi, Bohdan Pitsyshyn, and Serhii Vdovychuk. "THE RESEARCH OF CIRCULATION WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM OF POWER UNIT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT WITH HELLER COOLING TOWER." Theory and Building Practice 2020, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.001.

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Analytical hydraulic researches of the circulating water cooling system of the power unit of a thermal power plant with Heller cooling tower have been performed. Analytical studies were performed on the basis of experimental data obtained during the start-up tests of the circulating water cooling system of the “Hrazdan-5” power unit with a capacity of 300 MW. Studies of the circulating water cooling system were carried out at an electric power of the power unit of 200 - 299 MW, with a thermal load of 320 - 396 Gcal/hr. By circulating pumps (CP), water mixed with condensate is fed to the cooling tower, from where it is returned through the turbine for spraying by nozzles in the turbine steam condenser. An attempt to increase the water supply to the condenser by increasing the size of the nozzles did not give the expected results. The amount of the water supply to the circulating pumping station depends on the pressure loss in the circulating water cooling system. The highest pressure losses are in hydro turbines (HT), which are part of the circulating pumping station. Therefore, by adjusting the load of the hydro turbine, with a decrease in water pressure losses, you can increase the water supply by circulating pumps to the condenser. Experimental data and theoretical dependences were used to calculate the changed hydraulic characteristics of the circulating water cooling system. As a result of reducing the pressure losses in the section of the hydro turbine from 1.04 to 0.15 kgf/cm2, the dictating point for the pressure of circulating pumping station will be the turbine steam condenser. The thermal power plant cooling tower is designed to service two power units. Activation of the peak cooler sectors of the cooling tower gives a reduction of the cooled water temperature by 2-4 °С only with the spraying system.

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Wang, Qiu Ping, Lei Han, Miao Zhang, and Feng Li. "Boiler Flue Gas Treatment of Cooling Water Circulation Device Control System Based on PLC." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.587.

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Boiler flue gas treatment of cooling water circulation device is a device which can produce dilute sulfuric acid by absorbing SO2 in the flue gas of boiler combustion and add dilute sulfuric acid to the circulating water. Adding dilute sulfuric acid to the circulating water, can reduce pH value of the thermal power plant cooling water, obstacles and reduce the condenser fouling. This paper has introduced the working process of the boiler flue gas treatment of cooling water circulation device and the design method of the control system based on SIEMENS S7-300 series PLC. The control system realizes data acquisition of the water level and the pH value, and control the operation of each equipment according to the collected data. Finally realized the purpose of producing dilute sulfuric acid.

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Lv, Ziqiang, Jiuju Cai, Wenqiang Sun, and Lianyong Wang. "Analysis and Optimization of Open Circulating Cooling Water System." Water 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111592.

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Open circulating cooling water system is widely used in process industry. For a system with a fixed structure, the water consumption and blowdown usually change with the varying parameters such as quality and temperature. With the purpose of water saving, it is very important to optimize the operation strategy of water systems. Considering the factors including evaporation, leakage, blowdown and heat transfer, the mass and energy conservation equations of water system are established. On this basis, the quality and temperature models of makeup and blowdown water are, respectively, developed. The water consumption and discharge profiles and the optimal operating strategy of the open recirculating cooling water system under different conditions are obtained. The concept of cycles of temperature is proposed to evaluate the temperature relationship of various parts of the open circulating cooling water system. A mathematical relationship is established to analyze the influence of the water temperature on the makeup water rate of the system under the condition of insufficient cooling capacity of the cooling tower. In addition, the co-influences of quality and temperature parameters on the system are analyzed.

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Cao, Rui, Lin Ruan, Bin Xiong, Hai Hong Dong, and Shu Qin Guo. "The Experimental Research of the Application of Liquid-Box Self-Circulation Evaporative Cooling System in Electronic Components." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 1683–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1683.

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Because of high cooling efficiency, simple structure and good reliability, the liquid-box self-circulation evaporative cooling system has broad applications in the field of electronic equipments. By designing and developing a set of Liquid-box self-circulating evaporative cooling system experimental platform for electronic components. We can study the influence of pipe diameter, height of liquid level and thermal conductive pad on the cooling efficiency of the system.

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Du, Liang, Wei-Jun Zhang, and Jian-Jun Yuan. "Design and experimental tests of an active cooling system for a kind of in-vessel inspection manipulator." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 47, no. 5 (July 27, 2020): 737–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-02-2020-0020.

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Purpose This paper aims to present the design and experimental tests of an active circulating cooling system for the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak in-vessel inspection manipulator, which will help the current manipulator prototype to achieve a full-scale in-vessel high temperature environment compatibility. Design/methodology/approach The high-temperature effects and heat transfer conditions of the manipulator under in-vessel environment were analyzed. An active circulating cooling system was designed and implemented on the manipulator prototype. A simulative in-vessel inspection task in a high temperature environment of 100°C was carried out to evaluate the performance of the active circulating cooling system. Findings The proposed active circulating cooling system was proved effective in helping the manipulator prototype to achieve its basic in-vessel inspection capability in a high temperature environment. The active circulating cooling system performance can be further improved considering the cooling structure coefficient differences in different manipulator parts. Originality/value For the first time, the active circulating cooling system was implemented and tested on a full-scale of the in-vessel inspection manipulator. The experimental data of the temperature distribution inside the manipulator and the operating status of the circulating system were helpful to evaluate the current active circulating cooling system design and provided effective guidance for improving the overall system performance.

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Huang, Huanhuan, Ping Xu, Jie Wang, and Changzheng Wang. "Microbial Population Structure In Circulating Cooling Water System Makeup By Municipal Reclaimed Water." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.3.8032.

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The municipal reclaimed water, which often reused in circulating cooling water system, can effectively alleviate the urban water crisis. However, the reclaimed water contains a large number of microorganisms while the water environment in circulating cooling water system allows the micro-organisms to further increase. Therefore, circulating cooling water system faces slime, corrosion and other microbial problems. In this work, the microbial population structure of circulating cooling water makeup by municipal reclaimed water was investigated by using modern molecular biology DNA technology. Our results demonstrated that at the level of family, there were 17 kinds of suspended microorganisms in municipal reclaimed water, in which the dominant strain belonged to Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Methylophilales, Methylophilaceae. For the circulating cooling water without chemical agents, 13 kinds of suspended bacterias and 36 kinds of immobilized bacteria were detected, in which the dominant strain respectively was Comamonadaceae and Pseudomonadaceae which belonging to Proteobacteria Betaproteobacteria. After adding chemical agents, the number of suspended bacteria increased to 26 kinds and the distribution of bacteria species was even more. And the dominant strain become Staphylococcaceae, which belonged to Firmicutes, Bacilli, Bacillales, the reason for this was the sharply increase of TOC and TP after adding scale and corrosion inhibitors. Corrosion of instrumentation and pipe network systems caused by microorganisms is particularly complicated in circulating cooling water systems and even in whole reclaimed water utilization systems. The corrosion mechanism and corrosion process caused by different microorganisms are different. Therefore, it is very important to explore the composition of microorganisms in reclaimed water to study the corrosion of microorganisms. Based on the study of microbial population structure in municipal reclaimed water, this paper explores the microbial population structure and dominant species in the water in response to the specific situation in which reclaimed water is reused in the circulating cooling water system. At the same time, it also provides some research suggestions for the future research on the corrosion caused by microorganisms in the reuse of recycled water.

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Qin, Pan Pan, Hui Chen, Li Li Chen, Zhen Qu, Lu Ning Yu, and Shi Kui Liu. "Utilization of Waste Heat of Circulating Cooling Water in Hot-Stamping Power System." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1829.

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This paper studies the possibility of using heat pump instead of cooling tower to decrease temperature and recover waste heat of circulating cooling water of power system. Making use of heat transfer theory the paper carried on analysis and calculation about recoverable waste heat of circulating cooling water in hot-stamping power system which includes hot-stamping, closing in and extrusion intermediate frequency induction furnace. The results show that the whole process can recover calories which is 2.642×106kJ per hour.Using the recycled calories can make 15.82 tons hot water per hour which is 60°C. This research shows that using heat pump to recover the waste heat of circulating cooling water is effectual.

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Zhao, Yang, Jun Fang Li, and Qiang Gao. "The Predication of the Adhesion Rate Based on NARX Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 1346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.1346.

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The scaling and corrosion of circulating cooling water have been a major concern in industry circulating cooling water system, severely affecting the production operation of the circulating cooling water system. In this paper, the circulating cooling water quality is investigated and analyzed. In addition, based on the water quality analysis of Petrochemical Industries Co, it is indicated that part of water quality parameters have great influence on the adhesion rate. In order to further forecast the adhesion rate, a NARX neural network prediction model is developed. Finally, the actual data sets are utilized to demonstrate the feasibility of proposed model.

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12

Pierce, W. B. "A Circulating Water Cooling System for a CAMAC Crate." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 32, no. 1 (1985): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1985.4336839.

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Dmitriev, Andrey V., Ilnur N. Madyshev, and Aliya I. Khafizova. "The use of non-metal materials in the filler units of cooling towers with circulating water supply system." MATEC Web of Conferences 315 (2020): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031503002.

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The design of cooling tower`s filler unit, consisting of inclined-corrugated contact elements, and made of polymer material, is developed and described in this research paper. The experimental studies were conducted to determine the efficiency of cooling the circulating water in the proposed cooling tower. The authors obtained the results of evaluating the heat-mass transfer efficiency coefficient of cooling tower, when changing the mass flow rates of liquid and gas phases. The research results showed that the highest efficiency of cooling the circulating water is observed at relatively low irrigation densities equal to 15-25 m3/(m2·h), while the heat-mass transfer efficiency of cooling tower achieves 72%.The use of non-metal materials as the main elements of cooling tower allows to abandon the use of chemical reagents against bacteria and microorganisms in favor of circulating water ozonation method.

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Dzianik, František, and Štefan Gužela. "Hydrodynamic Properties of High Temperature Natural Circulating Helium Cooling Loop." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2017-0003.

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Abstract The paper deals with the hydrodynamic properties, i.e. the consumption of mechanical energy expressed by pressure drops within a helium loop intended for the testing of decay heat removal (DHR) from the model of a gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR). The system is characterised by the natural circulation of helium, as a coolant, and assume steady operating conditions of circulation. The helium loop consists of four main components: model of gas-cooled fast reactor, model of the heat exchanger for decay heat removal, hot piping branch and cold piping branch. Using the process hydrodynamic calculations, the pressure drops of circulating helium within the main components of the helium loop were determined. The calculations have been done for several defined operating conditions which correspond to the different helium flow rates within the system.

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Dronov, Dmitry M., Aleksandr V. Gontovoy, Yelena N. Sarkisyan, and Natalya V. Karandeeva. "Experience of using the NALCO 1392 scale inhibitor in the circulating water supply system of the Novovoronezh NPP." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.68940.

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Power facilities use large amounts of water to cool steam in the steam turbine condensers, and lubricating oils, gas and air in turbine sets. The key requirement for the quality of cooling water is to ensure normal vacuum in condensers. Cooling water must not form mineral and biological deposits and corrosion products in the system. Deposits of mineral salts in the condenser tube system, as well as in auxiliary cooling systems, lead to deterioration in heat exchange and a major decrease in the cost effectiveness of the power equipment operation, and require the heat-exchange equipment to be periodically cleaned. The source water used for cooling is normally taken from nearby water bodies (large rivers or lakes). Circulating water supply systems are used most commonly: these systems use repeatedly the same water inventory for cooling, and require only small amounts of water added to make up for evaporation losses. Coolers, in this case, are cooling towers, spray pools and evaporation ponds. The water chemistry should ensure the operation of equipment without any damage to its components or the loss of efficiency caused by the corrosion of the internal surfaces as well as without scale and sludge formation. It is exactly when using circulating water supply that a stabilizing treatment program is the most practicable way to ensure a cost-effective and environmentally friendly mode of operation. To inhibit scaling processes on the heat-exchange surfaces of the turbine condenser tubes at the Novovoronezh NPP’s unit 5, the cooling water was treated with the NALCO 1392 inhibitor. The results of the NALCO 1392 inhibitor pilot tests in the circulating water supply system (with a cooling pool) are presented.

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Li, Jing Ming, Fu Chuan Song, Guo Biao Gu, and Xin Dong Tian. "On Resistance of Coolant in Air-Cooling Condenser of Self-Circulating Close-Loop Evaporative Cooling System of Wind Power Generator." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.743.

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As a clean and renewable energy, the wind power has attracted the attention of all nations in the world. Evaporative cooling technology has successfully been used in the research and development of wind power generator, but some key technique has to be studied in advance to insure the reliability of the very technology. The application of evaporative cooling technology in the cooling of large wind power generator is a new attempt in the discovery of wind power energy. Thorough study is carried out on the key technique of the application of close-loop self-circulation (CLSC) evaporative cooling technology on the running of wind power generator. The flow resistance of the coolant in the air cooling condenser is discussed in this paper, and a new approach is founded for the improvement of the reliability.

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Yang, Li, Yunfeng Ren, Zhihua Wang, Zhouming Hang, and Yunxia Luo. "Simulation and Economic Research of Circulating Cooling Water Waste Heat and Water Resource Recovery System." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 2496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092496.

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Industrial circulating cooling water contains a large amount of low-quality energy, which is lost to the environment through cooling towers. It is of great significance and potential to recover the waste heat to improve energy-saving effects and economic efficiency. However, the effect of common water harvesting and energy saving devices is not significant. Heat pumps have been shown to be effective in improving low-quality heat energy in energy conversion systems, although there are not many applications of heat pump scenarios in engineering practice. Based on this, a recovery solution of circulating cooling water waste heat and water resource using lithium bromide absorption heat pump has been put forward. The energy-saving performance of the recovery system was simulated and analyzed using Aspen Plus V10.0 (Bedford, MA, USA) to explore the effects of the parameters of the working medium in evaporators, condensers, absorbers, generators, heat exchangers, etc., and the modelling results indicated that the evaporation pressure and temperature have a great influence on the system COP (coefficient of performance) and can raise the thermal economy of the system. The heat from driving steam and heating capacity both increased with the increase in generating temperature, while the increase in temperature difference between evaporation and condensation inhibits the COP of heat pump systems. Furthermore, economic analyses and comparisons of the recovery solutions were conducted and the recovery solution of circulating cooling water waste heat with heat pump had the best economic performance due to the annual income from the recovery of waste heat and water resource. The static payback period results indicate that the recovery solution from circulating cooling water waste heat with a heat pump has better economic performance than the scenario with a cooling tower. The waste heat recovery solution with a heat pump can improve the thermal economy of the system and has a great guiding significance for engineering practice.

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Shen, Liang, He Li Wang, Jing Xian Qi, and Hun Chao Sun. "Study on Enhanced Pretreatment Process of Coagulation Sedimentation by BAF." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 3188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3188.

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Using coagulation sedimentation process in the advanced treatment of urban secondary effluent which can be recycled to circulating cooling water system in power plant is only perform well on turbidity removal. But the concentrations of organic matter and NH3in effluent can not meet the requirements of circulating cooling water. Therefore, the feasibility of biological aerated filter (BAF) as a pretreatment enhancing coagulation sedimentation process was studied. The results show that the BAF pretreatment removes NH3effectively, and the turbidity and CODCrof effluent of BAF-coagulation sedimentation process is much lower than individual coagulation sedimentation process. The final effluent qualities meet the requirements of circulating cooling water system in power plant.

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Li, Zhao, Huimin Wei, Tao Wu, and Xiaoze Du. "Optimization for Circulating Cooling Water Distribution of Indirect Dry Cooling System in a Thermal Power Plant under Crosswind Condition with Evolution Strategies Algorithm." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041167.

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Crosswind has an adverse impact on the performance of an indirect dry cooling system. In order to mitigate the adverse influence, this study redistributed the circulating cooling water among air-cooled heat exchanger sectors so that the performance of the indirect dry cooling system could be improved. An evolution strategies algorithm combined with numerical effectiveness-based heat exchanger model was established to minimize the operation costs of the whole system. Based on a 660 MW practical power plant, optimal circulating cooling water operation strategies under varied crosswind speeds and ambient temperatures were calculated to show its application. According to the calculated results, the performance of the indirect dry cooling system could be enhanced by optimizing circulating cooling water distribution under any crosswind speed, especially under high ambient wind speeds. There is a slight promotion of the coal savings with a rise in ambient temperature: improvements of about 5%. The standard coal consumption rate could save as much as 2.50 g/kWh under crosswind speed of 10 m s−1 and ambient temperature of 32 °C, compared to the 0.1 g/kWh under crosswind speed of 2 m s−1 and ambient temperature of 32 °C.

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Wang, Qing Yang, Tian Yu Sun, Jian Zhang, and Jian Xing Ren. "Experimental Research on the Effect of Cross-Wind to Wet-Cooling Tower Performance." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 1412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.1412.

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Environmental cross-wind has a influence on cooling capacity of wet cooling tower to a great extent in power plant.The variation of circulating-water temperature difference (Δt) and cooling coefficient of efficiency(η) with cross-wind velocity, circulating water inlet temperature and flow rate, are shown under cross-wind conditions, compared with cases without wind. By using experimental platform of cooling water system based on 300MW thermal power unit,it is found that with cross-wind velocity increasing,cooling temperature difference and cooling efficiency decrease first then increase at the knee point when the velocity value is 0.8m/s. In addition, the correlation betweenΔt ,η and parameters,such as circulating-water inlet temperature and flow rate, is derived for cases with windless conditions.

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Shen, Bing Yun, Hui Pan, Jing Hou, Xiao Yu Guo, and Xiang Dong Fan. "Experimental Study of Corrosion-Proof Scale-Preventative Agent on 150MW Circulating Cooling Water System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2665.

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This article aims at exploring the influence of different water quality system to the scaling corrosion, which based on the mixed of circulating cooling water and reserved water in different proportion. Then the mixed water as new circulating cooling water conducts dynamic simulation experiment and rotating piece experiments and then adds with a certain volume of scale inhibitor. This article’s purpose still lies in obtaining the best water ratio through the scaling and corrosion inhibition’s performance of three kinds of water quality analysis.

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Zhang, Yi, Dong Ming Guo, and Li Meng. "Energy Consumption Analysis of Level Circulating Cooling System in Sanhejian Deep Coal Mine." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.516.

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With the deep mining in coal mine, heat damage is one of the technical issues need to be solved. HEMS cooling system in Sanhejian Coal Mine is a process system for high-temperature heat damage controlling in deep coal mine, in which cool energy extracted to reduce work face’s ambient temperature to achieve heat damage controlling. Part of the cool energy is from the level circulating of cooling water in -700 level main raodway, the other is from the mine water. We analyze the energy consumption of every subsystem during operation of the HEMS system, which could provide a theoretical basis and technical guidance on more efficiently running of cooling system deep in the future.

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Кишневский, Виктор Афанасьевич, Вадим Валентинович Чиченин, and Ирина Дмитриевна Шуляк. "Water chemistry calcucation method of the circulating cooling system with recirculation." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 8(66) (December 13, 2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2013.19428.

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Zhang, Yuling, Xudong Li, Xiaoyu Jia, Yahui Zhao, Guangsen Xiong, Sihan Chen, and Peiyao Xu. "Organic Phosphorus Extraction in the Fouling of the Circulating Cooling System." ACS Omega 4, no. 7 (July 3, 2019): 11603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00855.

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罗, 睿乔. "Practice of Improving Water Quality of Industrial Circulating Cooling Water System." Journal of Oil and Gas Technology 42, no. 04 (2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/jogt.2020.424112.

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Li, Yang, and Xiu Juan Liang. "Research for Water Quality Problems of Power Plant Circulating Cooling Water Source Heat Pump System in the Cold and Severe Cold Regions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.399.

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In the northern cold areas, the circulating cooling water contains a large number of low temperature waste heat.Cold and heat sources can be used as a heat pump heating to the building. The experiment shows that the system has significant economic, energy conservation and environmental value. This article describes the plant circulating cooling water source heat pump system, water quality, corrosion and fouling problems, and solve these problems need to pay attention.

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Jintao, Mo, Gu Chaohua, Pan Xiaohong, Zheng Shuiying, and Ying Guangyao. "Experimental and numerical analysis of a self-circulating oil bearing system for gear pumps." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 70, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2016-0143.

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Purpose For moderate pressure and high pressure gear pumps, the temperature failure problem of bearings is now of considerable concern because of their heavy loads. However, the compact structure and the efficiency consideration make it extremely difficult to improve the bearing cooling. A self-circulating oil bearing system is developed for gear pumps with self-lubricating bearings to solve this problem. The oil is aspirated in from the low pressure chamber of the gear pump and discharged to the same chamber by using the pressure difference in the journal bearing, thus achieving the self-circulation. Design/methodology/approach An experiment test rig has been built for the feasibility study. The oil flow rate under different speeds has been recorded. Furthermore, the temperatures of the bearings with or without the oil circulation have been compared. Additionally, the oil flow in the test rig has been simulated using computational fluid dynamics codes. Findings The experimental and numerical results agree well. The experimental results indicate that the oil flow rate increases approximately linearly with the speed and the bearing temperature can be lowered successfully. The calculation results indicate that the bearing load capacity is nearly the same. Both the experimental and numerical studies establish that the self-circulating oil bearing system works successfully. Originality value As far as the authors know, it is the first time to find that the self-circulation can be built using the pressure difference in the bearing oil film, and this principle can be applied in the cooling and lubrication of the gear pumps to solve the temperature failure problem.

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Kuo, Chih-Ping, and Hung-Jiun Liao. "Challenge of Using Groundwater for Buildings Air Conditioning in Subtropical Areas." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010364.

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Using circulating groundwater to cool air-conditioning is not new in high latitude regions but difficult in subtropical areas. Different from only using fans to remove the heat from indoor air for drier air in the high latitude region, the latent heat inside the humid air in subtropical areas makes the operation more difficult. Latent heat inside the humid air must remove away by air-conditioning including compressor and fan for cooling indoor air, which means more electrical power is required for the operation. To save total electrical power for the air-conditioning system is the main goal of this study. To use the advantage of groundwater with lower temperature to lower down the work of compressor, this research compared two ways, close/open types of water/groundwater circulation, both using groundwater to remove the heat generated by a 15RT (45 kW) air-conditioning. Full-scale tests and simulations were performed in this study to evaluate the efficiency of transferring the heat produced by air-conditioning systems to stably flowing groundwater in a grave stratum under Taipei Basin. With a closed circulating cooling water system, this study found that a 15RT air conditioner could only operate continuously for 4 h before it had to be shut down due to overheating. Additionally, groundwater must carry the heat away within the following 20 h. In changing the closed circulating water system to an open one, a system that uses a circulatory method to extract groundwater upwards and conduct heat exchange with an air conditioning system can enable the continuous operation of such a system with the same heat production condition. Numerical simulations for the heat dissipation behavior of two circulatory systems were performed herein. The results verified the aforementioned phenomena observed from both tests. The result showed both systems can provide air-conditioning working well. The total electrical power for a 15RT air-conditioning in sub-tropical areas can be reduced by 22% using circulating groundwater. Considering the system optimization, the total power consumption can be reduced by about 28%.

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Shen, Liang, Han Xiao, Wan Qiu Yang, De Ren Miao, and Xiao Ming Li. "Study on Biological Aerated Filter as Enhanced Pretreatment Process of Coagulation and Sedimentation." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 1940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.1940.

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Using coagulation and sedimentation process in the advanced treatment of urban secondary effluent which can be recycled to circulating cooling water system in power plant is only perform well on CODCrand turbidity removal. But the concentrations of organic matter and NH3in effluent can not meet the requirements of circulating cooling water. Therefore, in this study, the feasibility of biological aerated filter (BAF) as a pretreatment enhancing coagulation and sedimentation process was discussed. Achieved by controlling the two operating modes: (1) secondary effluentcoagulation and sedimentationeffluent; (2) secondary effluent BAFcoagulation and sedimentation effluent.The results show that the BAF pretreatment removes ammonia nitrogen effectively, and the turbidity and CODCrof effluent of BAF-coagulation sedimentation process is much lower than individual coagulation and sedimentation process. The final effluent qualities meet the requirements of circulating cooling water system in power plant.

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Melikyan, Zohrab, Siranush Egnatosyan, and Naira Egnatosyan. "Developing of a ventilation system for residential houses with solar air heater." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199706017.

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Ventilation of buildings in winter period, especially in cold climatic conditions, requires rather big quantity of heat for preheating the ventilation fresh air. Consequently, an average low-income family pays a tangible cost for ventilation of apartments. To provide low cost ventilation of houses it is becoming attractive the use of solar energy for preheating the outside fresh air, before its supplying into the house. For this purpose, cheap solar air heaters are needed. To solve this problem a simple and cheap construction of solar air heater was developed, which is the main part of the ventilation system. The system consists of air heating solar collectors, installed on the roof of the house, warm air distribution ductwork, internal air circulation ducts and air-circulating fan. In summer period, the system is used only during nighttime period for circulating outside colder air through the internal space of the house. Such operation allows cooling internal air and as well the constructions of the house. As a result, the house accumulates nighttime natural cold for using it at daytime cooling purposes. Presentation includes the scheme, explanation of operation and method for design of suggested ventilation system. Analysis proved the energy efficiency and cost effectiveness of the new system.

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Gao, Qiang, Tian Lu Ma, Jun Fang Li, and Chen Guang Li. "The Research of the Water Quality Prediction Model for the Circulating Cooling Water System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.408.

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Aiming at the common quality faults of scaling and corrosion in circulating cooling water, water quality index were often used to determine the scaling and corrosion of circulating cooling water quality trends. Prediction model of corrosion and scaling rate was built based on BP Neural Network in this paper. The optimal initial individuals were written into the network operating system to optimize the disadvantages of weights and thresholds in BP neural network based on genetic algorithm. The prediction function would output after the network training after comparison of predicted and actual values of the model. The performance of the actual situation was verified to match the model prediction.

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Баширов, М., Mussa Bashirov, Азат Хисматуллин, Azat Hismatullin, И. Прахов, and I. Prahov. "Increasing of Power Oil-Filled Transformers’ Operation Reliability and Safety." Safety in Technosphere 7, no. 2 (January 23, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5c35cc6e2354f7.79418159.

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This paper is devoted to the currently urgent problem — increasing reliability and safety for power oil transformers’ operation with considerable long and short overloads through cooling systems’ efficiency upgrading, allowing increase the power oil transformers’ operation safety, engine life, reliability and economical efficiency. Statistical data on fault causes for transformers of different voltage classes and lifecycles have been given. Based on the study of statistical data it has been established that one of the main causes for transformers faults was the inefficiency of oil cooling systems during the summer period of operation and with considerable long and short overloads. For improvement of efficiency of power oil transformers’ cooling system the agitation of cooling oil by circulating sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and subsequent sulfur hexafluoride cooling with a thermoelectric cooler is proposed. The system of sulfur hexafluoride circulation and cooling switches on automatically at considerable long and short overloads. The design and operation of the proposed cooling system for oil transformers have been considered. A series of laboratory experiments for transformer oil cooling in a power transformer’s tank without and with a compressor has been carried out. Graphs of temperature-time relationship at natural cooling and when using agitation have been presented. The coefficients of transformer oil’s thermal diffusivity and heat transfer at various distances from heating element have been experimentally defined. The mathematical problem of a heat flux distribution in a rectangular parallelepiped has been considered, a solution for thermal conductivity equation in the power transformer’s tank, which is a rectangular parallelepiped, has been presented. A laboratory setup design has been described in detail. Brands of used thermocouples, compressor and analog-digital converter have been presented. Use of the upgraded cooling system will allow increase the transformers operation safety and reliability.

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Katenev, G. M., V. A. Tumanovskii, and T. A. Stepanova. "Experimental cycle air cooling system for gas microturbine unit." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 11, no. 4 (January 21, 2019): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2018-11-4-319-324.

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The article considers the Combustion Turbine Inlet Cooling (CTIC) system — an experimental system for cooling the cycle air entering the gas microturbine unit. This enables to save electrical power of the unit generated at the design level in the period of seasonal increase in air temperature. Cooling of the air at the inlet to the turbocharger of the unit occurs up to its design temperature (which is, according to the ISO standard, equal to 15˚С). The basis of the CTIC model is an industrial cooling system based on a vapor compression refrigeration unit with a cold accumulator. Water ice is used as a cold storage medium in the accumulator, while ice water is used as a medium cooling the cycle air (ice water is water at a temperature of 0.5˚С – 1˚С). The eff ect of cooling of cycle air is achieved by pumping ice water coming from the cold accumulator through an air-to-water heat exchanger installed at the inlet to the turbocharger. The purpose of the study was to determine the operating time of a cold accumulator, depending on the speed of the circulating water. The experiments were carried out on a model of a cooling system with a cold accumulator having a 200 kg ice storage and working with the Capstone C-30 microturbine. Maintaining the temperature of the cycle air at its design level is achieved using a frequency-controlled circulation pump and a digital measurement and control system with the LabVIEW software package. The results of the study show that the considered CTIC system, while discharging the cold accumulator, is able to maintain the required design temperature of the cycle air at 15°C for 6 hours, which is quite enough to cover the peak load of the working day. Technical and economic parameters of the plant are evaluated.

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Yang, Yan, Qi Yuan Gu, and Xue Tao Yuan. "Corrosion Inhibition of Brass by Biochemical Process in Circulating Cooling Water System." Materials Science Forum 1032 (May 2021): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1032.220.

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Controlling the corrosion rate of metal materials is one of the key issues in circulating cooling water treatment. In recent years, the treatment of circulating cooling water by microorganisms has become a research hotspot. Compared with the traditional chemical treatment, microbial treatment is an environmentally friendly technology. In this paper, the effects of ammonia nitrogen concentration, microbial dosage and aeration intensity on copper corrosion rate were studied. In order to analyze the experimental data more comprehensively, a full factor experimental design was used to investigate the effects of ammonia nitrogen concentration, microbial dosage and aeration intensity on copper corrosion. The corrosion rate of copper was less than the national standard (< 0.005 mm / a), in which ammonia nitrogen concentration and aeration intensity were significant factors (P < 0.05), and the interaction between ammonia nitrogen concentration and aeration intensity was also significant (P < 0.05), After optimization, the regression rate of the model increased from 85.02% to 92.41%.

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Hu, Ruizhu, Tinglin Huang, Tianwei Wang, Huixin Wang, and Xiao Long. "Application of Chemical Crystallization Circulating Pellet Fluidized Beds for Softening and Saving Circulating Water in Thermal Power Plants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 4576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224576.

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The circulating pellet fluidized bed (CPFB) softening method is a highly efficient and environmentally friendly softening technology that can be used to reduce water hardness during the pretreatment process of circulating water in thermal power plants. The performance of chemical crystallization CPFB reactors was tested for increasing the concentration ratio and softening the circulating water in a thermal power plant in Dingzhou, Hebei. The results show that usage of CPFB reactors removed water hardness and Ca2+ ions with efficiencies exceeding 60% and 90%, respectively. The size of the particles discharged from the reactors was approximately 1–3 mm, and the content of CaO in these particles was found to be greater than 50%. All the discharged particles were reused in the desulfurization system in the power plant. The operational cost of the CPFB system is US$0.074 per cubic meter of water. After adopting the proposed CPFB softening method in the Dingzhou Power Plant, the concentration ratio of the circulation cooling water was increased from 4.5 to more than 9. In addition, the amount of replenished water and sewage discharge were both reduced by 150 m3/h, and the amount of scale inhibitor used in the system was reduced by more than 30%. These improvements contribute to approximately US$200,000 in annual savings in the power plant. In summary, the CPFB softening method demonstrated a high hardness removal rate, strong economic benefits, and remarkable environmental and social benefits. Therefore, this method seems ideal for softening replenished circulating cooling water, increasing the concentration ratio of the water and achieving zero liquid discharge (ZLD) in thermal power plants.

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Ivanov, Yu, A. Radovinsky, A. Zhukovsky, A. Sasaki, H. Watanabe, T. Kawahara, M. Hamabe, and S. Yamaguchi. "Compact counter-flow cooling system with subcooled gravity-fed circulating liquid nitrogen." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 470, no. 20 (November 2010): 1895–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2010.05.231.

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Wang, Peng, Xingqi Luo, Senlin Chen, Qingsen Cai, and Jinling Lu. "Energy Saving Application of Variable Speed Auxiliary Pump Plus Hydro Turbine in Circulating Cooling Water System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2029, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2029/1/012070.

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Abstract The circulating cooling water system (CCWS) is a common industrial auxiliary system, and water pumps need to consume much energy to transport cooling water to distributed heat exchangers. Previous studies show that a pump network configuration with constant speed auxiliary pump plus hydro turbine (CSAP-T) plays a significant role in energy conservation. However, given the fluctuations in the production load and cooling water supply temperature, the flow demand of heat exchangers for cooling water varies. Under different working conditions, the CSAP-T scheme cannot supply the minimum cooling water flow required by all heat exchangers at the same time, thereby wasting energy. Therefore, this paper proposes a new fluid machinery network configuration called variable speed auxiliary pump plus hydro turbine (VSAP-T) and establishes a mathematical model of the total output power of the fluid machinery network in CCWS to minimize network energy consumption. To illustrate the effectiveness of the VSAP-T scheme, a real system is used as the research object, and both CSAP-T and VSAP-T schemes are used to optimize the system. When the working conditions are changed, the total output power of the system fluid machinery network can be conserved by 30% to 50%.

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Nuriyadi, M., and Ade S. Margana. "EVALUASI DAN OPTIMASI EFISIENSI ENERGI SISTEM CHILLER DENGAN PROSES DESCALING." ROTOR 12, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v12i2.18742.

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Chiller system consumes most energy (around 50%) of the electrical energy in a building. To reduce the use of energy, it is necessary to evaluate the use of energy and identify opportunities for energy savings and recommendations for increasing efficiency. The evaluation aims to ensure that a chiller system works and produces chilled water products as designed. The chiller system evaluation includes the evaluation of the chiller refrigeration system, power consumption, cooling capacity, as well as the evaluation of the piping system and pumps. Evaluation is carried out on the system before and after repairing/descaling on the chiller system. The results of the evaluation and optimization of the chiller system are: the chilled water temperature output drops to 15oC, the cooling capacity of the chiller rises to 30 KW, the pressure of the condenser coolant pump rises to 0.58 bar. While the efficiency of the circulating pump system is 15.8%; efficiency of condenser cooling pump is 19.3% and distribution pump system efficiency is 14.1%. Keywords: performance evaluation, optimization, chiller system.

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Dzianik, František, Štefan Gužela, and Eva Puškášová. "Thermal Characteristics of High Temperature Naturally Circulating Helium Cooling Loop." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2018-0001.

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Abstract The paper deals with the process properties in terms of the heat transfer, i.e. the thermal performance of the thermal-process units within a helium loop intended for the testing of the decay heat removal (DHR) from the model of the gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR). The system is characterised by a natural circulation of helium, as a coolant, and assume the steady operating conditions of the circulation. The helium loop consists of four main components: the model of the gas-cooled fast reactor, the model of the heat exchanger for the decay heat removal, hot piping branch and cold piping branch. Using the thermal calculations, the thermal performance of the heat exchanger model and the thermal performance of the gas-cooled fast reactor model are determined. The calculations have been done for several defined operating conditions which correspond to the different helium flow rates within the system.

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Hardy, Terry. "Unintended Consequences." Journal of System Safety 51, no. 3 (October 1, 2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56094/jss.v51i3.145.

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On October 21, 2008, Reactor Unit 2 at the Diablo Canyon Power Plant in San Luis Obispo County, California was manually scrammed when operators detected inadequate flow of cooling water to the circulating water system. The power plant obtained cooling water from the Pacific Ocean. The water entered an intake structure by passing through bar racks, and then flowed through traveling screen assemblies. The bar racks and screens prevented debris and sea life from entering the circulating water pumps.

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Zhu, Xiaochen, Fuli Wang, Dapeng Niu, Yuming Guo, and Mingxing Jia. "An energy-saving bottleneck diagnosis method for industrial system applied to circulating cooling water system." Journal of Cleaner Production 232 (September 2019): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.322.

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Zhao, Bo, Shan Rang Yang, and Ya Cai Hu. "An Indirect Air Cooling System with Compound Refrigerating Cycle for CSP Plants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.3.

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The geographical contradictions between plenty of water and high solar radiation constitute are hindering the development of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, dry cooling systems are compelled to adopt to solve the contradictions for the CSP plants. This paper analysis the feasibility of a novel indirect air cooling with compound refrigerating cycle (CRC-IAC) system used in CSP plants. The solar field and power block in the analysis are modeled using NREL’s Solar Advisor Model (SAM), excluding heat rejection system. Thermodynamic simulations and optimizations for operation exhaust pressure with the changes of ambient dry-bulb temperature are presented. The ideal cycle performance for CRC-IAC system is evaluated and quantified. Moreover, the system was compared with circulating wet cooling (CWC) and air cooling condenser (ACC) in terms of electricity generation and levelized electricity cost (LEC). The results show that the LEC of CRC-IAC is increased by 6.44% and reduced by 5.38%.

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Li, Jing Ming, Fu Chuan Song, Guo Biao Gu, and Xin Dong Tian. "Application of Air-Cooled Close-Loop Self-Circulation Evaporative Cooling System on Wind Power Generator." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.675.

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The application of evaporative cooling technology in the cooling of large wind power generator is a new attempt in the discovery of wind power energy. In some particular circumstances, the air-cooling condenser must be adopted as the secondary cooler in the evaporative cooling system of large wind generator. For the cooling medium in the air-cooling condenser is the air and the distribution of temperature is uneven along the cooling tube, so it’s necessary to do deep research on it. Experiments are carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of the air-cooling condenser used in the Close-loop Self-circulating (CLSC) evaporative cooling system. The temperature distribution and the heat transfer can be acquired from the experiment. Thorough study is carried out on restart up of the close-loop evaporative cooling system of the wind power generator. Experiments are done in the laboratory and real wind power generator, and it’s found that there is a critical point in the restart up of the generator. Only if the flow head overcome the critical point can the wind power generator restart automatically. The result shows that heat transfer can be enhanced by some special method and the air-cooling condenser can satisfy the demand of the cooling system.

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Bai, Wenfeng, and Caofeng He. "System optimization of thermal management performance of fuel cell system for automobile." Thermal Science 25, no. 4 Part B (2021): 2923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2104923b.

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Vehicle fuel cell systems release a large amount of heat while generating electricity. The suitable thermal management system must be built to ensure system performance and reliability. Based on the analysis of the working principle of the vehicle fuel cell thermal management system, the paper establishes a control-oriented fuel cell thermal management. The stack, air cooler, hydrogen heat exchanger, bypass valve, heat sink, and cooling water circulating pump model are taking into account. System model, and the relationship between stack current, coolant flow rate, fin surface wind speed, bypass valve opening, and fuel cell temperature are in established in simulation experiments. The paper discusses their effects on system as a whole, air coolers, hydrogen heat exchangers, and the influence of the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the radiator. The simulation results can provide guidance and help to design the fuel cell thermal management control system.

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Li, Yan Pin, Hai Peng Nan, and Kai Chuang Duan. "Determination of Key Technical Parameters of Special Hydraulic Turbine for Cooling Tower." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 1386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.1386.

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The author analyzed the working environment of special hydraulic turbine for cooling tower basing on the difference between the special turbine for cooling tower and the conventional power turbine. The former works in series pressure system and the water head determined by the pipeline resistance and the property of circulating water pump of cooling tower. It is the key to transform the cooling tower system successfully and save energy to build up a series special theories which include the specific speed of turbine for cooling tower, the type of turbine, the parameters selection, the design of the flow passage and runner of turbine by effectively transforming the conventional power turbine theory to the special turbine of cooling tower.

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Kozlovsky, V. V., and A. B. Larin. "Methods of monitoring water conditions of the circulatory cooling system of a combined heat and power plant." Vestnik IGEU, no. 3 (2019): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2019.3.014-021.

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A common method of preventing scale formation on the internal surfaces of the condenser and heat ex-changers at thermal power plants with circulatory cooling systems (CCS) is correctional treatment with an addition of sulfuric acid for acidifying make-up water and reducing its alkalinity and the alkalinity of recycled water and dosing of oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid (OEDFK) for preventing scale deposit formation. The existing method of correction treatment does not provide the necessary degree of heat exchange equipment protection from scale formation. With this method of cleaning, it is impossible to completely remove deposits from the surface of the tubes to «pure» metal; the concentration of sulfates in the purge water often exceeds the permissible level. Improving the efficiency of water conditions requires developing a calculation method and creating a pilot plant for monitoring scale formation and corrosion through estimation of water chemistry directly in industrial conditions, which is the goal of this work. The circulating water corrosivity was studied on a stand that simulates the operation of circulatory cooling systems. The coil simulating water movement inside heat exchangers contained carbon steel and brass corrosion rate witness plates. A quantitative assessment of the biological contamination of the circulating water of the cooling system of the CCPP ПГУ-450 MW was carried out using total bacterial count (TBC) express tests. To estimate the probability of carbonate salt deposition in heat exchange equipment, we have proposed a method of calculating the existing values of the stabilization factor (calcium transport). The proposed method has been used to estimate the state of water chemistry of the circulatory cooling system of CHP PGU-450 MW. Calculations confirmed by the data of chemical analyzes of water and deposits have shown increased deposit mass values on the control samples (stabilization factor less than 85 %), including biological ones (the total bacterial count exceeded the permissible value by over 104 CFU / ml). The circulating water corrosivity also increased, and the corrosion rate of steel st. 20 exceeded the standard values (0,1 mm / year). The developed technique can be effectively used for analyzing the state of both the existing water conditions of circulatory cooling systems, and any other (alternative) water chemistry directly in industrial conditions of operation of a certain CCPP.

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Xiao, Ni Zhang, Nan Zhang Xiao, Long Wu Wen, Rui Ju Zhao, and Chun Lei Zhang. "Research and Discussion on Electro-Magnetic Treatment in Circulating Cooling Water of Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.382.

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The effects of anti-scale, anti-corrosion and disinfection of circulating cooling water with electro-magnetic treatment and chemical treatment in the laboratory are compared. The applications of electro-magnetic treatment in power plants are summarized and discussed. The results of both experiments and applications in power plants show that the electro-magnetic treatment can be used in particular conditions, but the development of electro-magnetic treatment technology is immature. This technology used in circulating cooling water system in power plants should be further proved by more experiments and field applications.

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Larin, A. B., V. V. Kozlovsky, and M. P. Savinov. "Methodology for studying the quality of steam condensate and cooling water of a steam turbine condenser." Vestnik IGEU, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2020.4.014-022.

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Monitoring the suction of cooling water into steam with measurements of , H and pH of condensate is simultaneously a characteristic of the water-chemical regime of the main loop and the system of circulating (or direct-flow) cooling and has attracted increased attention in recent years. This is due both to the signif-icant suction of cooling water into the condensing steam at the power units of TPPs and NPPs, and to the appearance on the market of new reagents – deposit and corrosion inhibitors. Investigation of the behavior of such substances under conditions of a recirculating cooling system is a complex task, the solution of which depends on many factors. The purpose of the scientific research was to develop a methodology for instrumental (automated) control based on measurements of electrical conductivity ( and H) and pH, which makes it possible to reduce the number of controlled parameters of circulating water, to increase the information content of the measurement results in terms of the amount of suction of circulating water into condensing steam.The implementation of the task in laboratory conditions was carried out using the experi-mental stand «Installation of reverse osmosis and chemical desalination», which provides the ability to measure the specific electrical conductivity of direct () and H-cationized (H) samples of steam condensate and calculate a number of normalized parameters according to the author's algorithm. A large volume of chemical quality control of the make-up and circulating water in the recirculating cooling system limits the efficiency of research and requires large labor costs. In this case, the method of indirect (calculated) deter-mination of the concentrations of ionic impurities can be used by calculating them according to the author's algorithm using the measured values of electrical conductivity and pH.Two laboratory units are presented: reverse osmosis and chemical desalination; modeling the water regime of recirculating cooling systems. A method is proposed for studying the state of the water-chemical regime of a steam turbine condenser both from the side of steam and from the side of cooling water. Examples of using the methodology for calculating the characteristics of steam condensate and cooling water are given. It is shown that the use of instrumental measurements of specific electrical conductivity and pH makes it possible to reduce the volume of laboratory chemical control of aqueous media, to increase the efficiency and information content of the measurement results.A patent for an invention of the Russian Federation No. 2658020 was obtained for a laboratory installation of reverse osmosis and chemical desalination. A distinctive feature of the installation is the ability to obtain deeply demineralized water with a specific electrical conductivity of less than 0,2 μS / cm with the subsequent preparation of extremely dilute solutions. The second laboratory unit simulates the water regime of recirculating cooling systems and can be used in the operating conditions of the power plant. The scientific novelty of the method for the chemical quality control of steam condensate and circulating water consists in the use of an original author's algorithm, which provides the calculation of a number of standardized indicators based on the measured values of electrical conductivity and pH.

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贾, 芸. "Scale Inhibition Effects of High Voltage Electrostatic Fields in Circulating Cooling Water System." Applied Physics 09, no. 03 (2019): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/app.2019.93014.

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Liu, Fang, Xianhui Lu, Wei Yang, Jinjin Lu, Huiyun Zhong, Xin Chang, and Chaocheng Zhao. "Optimizations of inhibitors compounding and applied conditions in simulated circulating cooling water system." Desalination 313 (March 2013): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.028.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Circulating cooling system'

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