Relevant bibliographies by topics / Circular Economy for Plastics

Academic literature on the topic 'Circular Economy for Plastics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Circular Economy for Plastics"

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Mrowiec, Bozena. "Plastics in the circular economy (CE)." Environmental Protection and Natural Resources 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2018-0017.

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Abstract Plastics are used in a great number of applications; therefore, the production of the sector intensively increases. It is estimated that in future, the production of plastics can double by 2035 and almost quadruple by 2050. Still globally, most of the plastic waste is landfilled. Only 9% of plastic waste generated between 1950 and 2015 was recycled. New strategy of European Commission proposes actions designed to make the vision for a more circular plastics economy a reality. The circular economy represents an alternative, more sustainable model to the traditional linear economy. EC has approved new recycling targets for plastics to a minimum of 50% by the end of 2025 and to a minimum of 55% by the end of 2030. Changes that will be introduced in design and production of plastics will contribute to increasing their recycling rates for all key applications. The new strategy will help achieve the priority set by the UE for an energy union with a modern, low-carbon and energy-efficient economy and will make a tangible contribution to reaching the 2030 sustainable development goals.
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Nguyen, Tuyet T. A., Yen T. Ta, and Prasanta K. Dey. "Developing a plastic cycle toward circular economy practice." Green Processing and Synthesis 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 526–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2022-0014.

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Abstract This study develops a plastic cycle toward circular economy practice in Vietnam. First, we analyze inter-relationships between economic sectors and environmental issues concerning plastic waste in 2018. The research method integrates interdisciplinary balance with life cycle inventory, in which input–output (IO) table is both an econometric tool and original database to determine plastic IO between industries. As a result, over 60% of plastics after use was recycled for the production process (called recycled plastics) and nearly 40% of plastics after-use left the process (called disposed plastics). Within the recycled plastics, there was 10–15% of informal recycling collection from trade villages; within the disposed plastics, there was 13–18% unable to be collected and uncontrollably disposed to the environment. Then, we construct the plastic cycle, in which all the imported/domestic flows, single/multiple uses, and recycle/disposal flows are represented in proportional dimensions. This overall yet quantitative picture is an important data-driven basis for proposing plastic waste management solutions toward circular economy practice. As analyzed, the most challenge for waste management in Vietnam is to control single-use products (occupied 15.96% of total plastics) and indiscriminate waste in the environment (occupied 20.36% of total plastics). The case study for polyethylene terephthalate shows the need for expanding producer’s responsibilities to improve plastic recovery efficiency.
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Dayrit, Fabian. "Circular Plastics Economy: Redesigning Technology and Reimagining Society." Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology 44, no. 2022 (January 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2022.2570.

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The UN Environment Programme has identified plastic waste as one of the urgent challenges of the 21st century and has set 2024 as the target date for the drafting of an international legally binding agreement on plastic pollution. While the concern for plastic pollution is justified, a workable solution that considers both the role that plastics play in society and the economy, and the scientific and technological challenges involved, will take a major global effort. The six thermoplastics that are most widely used today were not designed to be recycled. Likewise, over 10,000 chemical additives in plastics were not tested for their health and environmental safety. The complexity of plastic waste makes their effective management very difficult and uneconomic. A new system with two types of plastics is proposed: circular plastics that can be chemically reprocessed, and bio-based plastics that are designed for single-use and are biodegradable. This will require R&D into new plastics, as well as new standards and regulations. At the same time, R&D into the conversion of our current plastic waste into environmentally safe products must be undertaken. These will require a multi-sectoral approach which assigns responsibility to all sectors. Industry should institute extended producer responsibility and develop circular plastics. Society should adopt extended consumer responsibility. Government should replace its single-minded focus on GDP as the sole measure of development with the more holistic UN Sustainable Development Goals. This transition will not happen if it is seen only as a technological challenge. This transition will require a multi-sectoral approach which assigns responsibility to all sectors of society. We will not be able to reimagine plastics if we do not reimagine society.
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Sadhukhan, Jhuma, and Kartik Sekar. "Economic Conditions to Circularize Clinical Plastics." Energies 15, no. 23 (November 27, 2022): 8974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15238974.

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Over 5.5 million tons of plastic waste are generated globally from the research sectors. A university laboratory, e.g., pathology, can generate 250 tons of clinical plastic waste annually. The UK National Health Service (NHS) generates 133 kilotons (kt) of clinical plastic waste annually. Healthcare facilities in the US generate 1.7 million tons of clinical plastic waste annually. In addition, 95% of the clinical plastics are single-use plastics derived from fossil resources, i.e., crude oils. These single-use clinical plastic wastes are incinerated, contributing to global warming, or go to the landfill, contributing to resource depletion. Plastic leakage is a major threat to the environment. This linear plastics economy model, take-make-dispose, must be replaced by a circular plastics economy, i.e., sort plastic wastes, wash, decontaminate, recover materials, blend with bio-based compounds as necessary and circulate recyclate plastics, for holistic systemic sustainability. While there are multi-faceted environmental drivers for a circular plastics economy, there are many uncertainties in the economic attributes, electricity price, labor cost and chemical cost being the primary ones influencing the cost of production of secondary or recyclate plastics, requiring government and policy support, such as a gate fee on plastic waste by the generators to the recyclers. An essential macroeconomic condition for techno-economically (or micro-economically) feasible plastic waste recycling is low oil and gas prices that influence the recyclate plastics and electricity prices. It is essential to de-fossilize the economy by decoupling renewable electricity generation from natural gas consumption and fossil-independent biopolymer productions displacing fossil-derived plastics to stimulate the circular economy. This study shows a comprehensive and robust technoeconomic analysis of mechanical recycling of clinical plastic wastes into secondary plastics recovery.
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Toensmeier, Pat. "Plastics and the Circular Economy." Plastics Engineering 76, no. 6 (June 2020): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/peng.20326.

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Russell, Steven. "A Circular Economy for Plastics?" Plastics Engineering 74, no. 1 (January 2018): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2018.tb01823.x.

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Iacovidou, Eleni, Roland Geyer, Julia Kalow, James Palardy, Jennifer Dunn, Timothy Hoellein, Boya Xiong, and Eugene Y. X. Chen. "Toward a circular economy for plastics." One Earth 4, no. 5 (May 2021): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.023.

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Distaso, Monica. "Potential contribution of nanotechnolgy to the circular economy of plastic materials." Acta Innovations, no. 37 (December 1, 2020): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.37.5.

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The problem of plastic accumulation in the environment requires the development of effective strategies to shift the paradigm of used plastics from wastes to resources. In the present contribution, after an overview of the current plastic management strategies, the possible role of nanotechnology to this emerging field is considered. In particular, the challenges related to the use of nano-additives to improve the properties of recycled plastics is discussed based on the fundamental aspects of colloid stabilisation. Finally, the contribution of nanotechnology to the fabrication of effective catalysts for the depolymerisation of plastics into the constituent monomers is outlined.
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Cestari, Sibele Piedade, Peter Martin, Paul Hanna, Mark Kearns, and Luis Claudio Mendes. "Rotational-Moulded Building Blocks for the Circular Economy." Materials Science Forum 1042 (August 10, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1042.17.

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Throughout the combination of unique approaches on innovative polymer composites and rotational moulding plastics processing technique, we developed a building block using a mix of recycled and virgin plastic. This block was a technical case study from a multidisciplinary approach - comprising materials science, polymers processing and design - to reinsert recycled plastics in the Circular Economy. The aim was to produce a three-dimensional interlockable block, combining unique design and unconventional materials to create an emblematic building element. We investigated the composition and availability of local plastic waste, as well as other waste-stream materials – concrete waste, red mud, hemp fibre, sugarcane bagasse. We prepared a range of composites and blends to test their prospective aspect and processability. To simulate the end-result of a rotationally-moulded part, we prepared samples of the blends in an oven. The thermal analysis showed that all materials were thermally stable at the processing temperature of the virgin polymer in rotomoulding, around 200 °C. There were an evident LLDPE continuous-phase and a recyclate dispersed-phase. We also explored the aesthetic effect of scattering particles of colour in the mixes. The impact test showed better results for the polyethylene-based recyclates if compared to polypropylene and poly (ethylene terephthalate) ones. We concluded that waste materials could be revalued into something practical and reproducible, produced by rotational moulding plastics processing. And we developed a viable and innovative potential product for the Circular Economy, requiring minimal fixing and no further external finishing.
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Nishimura, Itsuo. "Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy." Seikei-Kakou 30, no. 11 (October 20, 2018): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.30.577.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Circular Economy for Plastics"

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Horodytska, Oksana. "Plastics recycling: new challenges in the age of the circular economy." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/111009.

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El sector de los plásticos está experimentando un importante cambio de dirección hacia la sostenibilidad y la innovación. El modelo de Economía Circular como alternativa al modelo tradicional de producción, uso y vertido está generando un gran impacto en nuestra sociedad. La recuperación y reciclaje de materiales se ha convertido en una etapa importante dentro del sector y se prevé que la demanda de productos reciclados aumente en los próximos años. Sin embargo, el sector del reciclaje no está preparado para cumplir la creciente demanda, sobre todo, en cuanto a la calidad de los materiales. En esta tesis se han estudiado los métodos de tratamiento de residuos plásticos desde tres puntos de vista: medioambiental, tecnológico y calidad del producto final. Se ha dedicado un capítulo de la tesis para profundizar en cada uno de estos temas. Para estudiar el impacto medioambiental se ha realizado un análisis de ciclo de vida comparativo entre un proceso de reciclaje innovador alineado con los principios de la Economía Circular y dos métodos de tratamiento de residuos tradicionales. Desde el punto de vista tecnológico, se ha estudiado el proceso de eliminación de agua durante el reciclaje de plásticos flexibles con el objetivo de optimizar parámetros y reducir el consumo de energía. Por último, se llevado a cabo un estudio de las sustancias orgánicas semivolátiles presentes en plásticos reciclados, ya que éstas pueden suponer un riesgo para la salud de los consumidores si se utilizan en aplicaciones de alto valor añadido. Además, se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo del estado del arte de los sistemas de gestión de residuos plásticos, prestando especial atención a los plásticos flexibles debido a que su tasa de reciclaje se encuentra por debajo de los plásticos rígidos. Como resultado se han identificado los puntos débiles y se han marcado directrices para impulsar la transición hacia la Economía Circular.
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Braglia, Michele. "Assessment of circular economy indicators in a multi-criteria approach along the plastic packaging value chain." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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The awareness on raw material scarcity and environmental issues has globally stimulated interest into the re-design of products, processes or services, maximizing prevention, reuse and recycling rates. Within this context, plastic represents a key material. In particular, plastic packaging is a priority issue, accounting for the 40% of the European converters demand and about 60% of post-consumer plastic waste. Nowadays, less than 30% of collected plastic waste is recycled, while landfilling and incineration rates of plastic waste remain high, approximately 27% and 41% respectively. The EU Commission is currently hardly working on this issue: the recent EU Plastic Strategy sets very ambitious goals for plastics sustainability. This background topic is the key point of the master thesis. The study starts with mapping the best practices on plastic recycling and prevention, following the entire plastic packaging value chain. Adopting a multi-criteria perspective, legislative, economic and technical, technological and environmental framework of good practices and criticalities is outlined, in order to assess the current state of innovation on circular economy for plastics. The overview on levers and barriers for plastic circularity allows to design a new set of circular economy indicators suitable to be applied on plastic packaging sector. As good practices, eco-design principles are adopted in order to delineate an assessment tool able to identify plastic packaging sustainability and circularity. Moreover, the compliance with the regulatory framework and possible economic advantages are verified. Therefore, the final goal of the study is to identify practical suggestions which can be converted into a set of indicators for measuring plastic packaging circularity, delineating criticalities and possible improvements for boosting the sustainable transition of the entire sector.
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Bergqvist, Tobias, and Jonathan Lannö. "Managing Sustainability Transformations : Barriers for Implementing Recycled Plastics in the Automotive Industry." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78729.

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In the last three decades, the increased use of plastics is rapidly becoming a global environmental issue, resulting in growing landfills and pollution of air and water. The automotive industry, as a major demander of plastic materials, is starting to take responsibility with promised sustainability actions. One action relates to the concept of circular economy and closed loop thinking through the implementation of recycled plastics. However, the barriers of such implementations are still undiscovered, with research missing out on the challenges of strategic and business perspectives. The aim of this thesis is to asses and understand the challenges connected to implementing recycled plastics in the automotive industry, and to provide strategic recommendations. In order to identify the challenges, an empirical case study was carried out collecting data through 10 interviews with suppliers throughout the plastics refining chain. A cost calculation was also included, to highlight the economic potentials of recycled plastics. The findings address 6 themes as barriers for implementing recycled plastics in the automotive industry: economic, organizational, infrastructural, interactional, design and technical barriers. The barriers shed light on the challenges connected to the implementation of recycled plastics and concludes that the rate of recycled plastics in a car can be increased, which also increases sustainability and circular thinking. However, the rates could be further improved if managers were to consider the existing barriers when implementing higher rates of recycled plastics in their components.
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Wadstein, Victor. "Circular Economy in Plastic Production : The recycling challenges and solutions in plastic production." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264551.

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The consequences of the linear economy of plastic production has started to show. Media reports of "plastic seas," beaches full of waste, and habitats and environments destroyed. The question on how to make plastic production more circular have been a hot topic. Every year 311 million tonnes of plastic gets produced around the world. The plastics that can be recycled are thermoplastics. 70% of all produced plastic is made from five different plastic materials, PVC, PET, EPS, PP, and HDPE. Of the total of 311 million tonnes 87 million tonnes of that plastic is plastic packages for household consumers. Of that 87 million tonnes 32% of that is never collected, ending up in the oceans. Sweden is doing well compared to most countries, 99% of all plastic in Sweden is collected. The number is much thanks to all the regulations, recycling organs, and producer requirements that are active in Sweden compared to many other countries. This report is going to point out some important challenges and its solutions to move towards a globally circular economy. Sweden still faces challenges. Of all plastic collected only 50% goes into recycling while the other 50% ends up for incineration to energy recovery, to warm up houses and give electricity to cities. There are four different methods of recycling in facilities today. Closed - loop Open - loop Chemical recycling Energy recovery through incineration Closed - loop recycling is when the recycled product ends up as the same product after the recycling process while open - loop is when something gets recycled to a plastic product with a lower value than the original product. Chemical recycling is when chemicals in the plastic are extracted and recycle these, usually for fuels. Energy recovery through incineration is when plastic waste is burnt down to recover the energy stored in the plastic. The most common recycling methods in Sweden are open-loop recycling and energy recovery through incineration. One plastic container differs from the rest. The PET - bottles. Of all plastic bottles 85% are collected and recycled in Sweden much thanks to the deposit-refund system available in Sweden. Plastic bottles often follow a process called URRC process, which is a full process from collecting plastic bottles to selling clean plastic flakes that can be renewed to new plastic bottles. Sweden is building the largest recycling facility in Europe, with a technology called "Near-echnology" which is a technology with Near-infrared light to efficiently sort out coloured and clear plastic as well as type of material and chemical compound. This technology will help the facility sort out more than 50% plastic waste compared to other facilities in Europe, an essential step toward a circular economy. Another meaningful action is in the form of global and international producer recommendations, where strict regulation regarding production, design, and materials are agreed upon that favours packaging improving its recycling abilities. These regulations come from the recycling companies such as Returpack and Plastkretsen.
Konsekvenserna från en linjär ekonomi inom plastproduktion har börjat att visas. Media rapporterar om "plast hav", stränder fulla med avfall med habitat och miljöer förstörda. Frågan hur man kan göra plastproduktionen mer cirkulär har varit ett hett debatterat ämne. Varje år produceras 311 miljoner ton plast runt om i världen. Plasten som idag går att återvinna kallas Termoplaster. Av de plasterna består 70% av dessa olika plastmaterial, PVC, PET, EPS, PP och HDPE. Av all tillverkad plast är 78% miljoner ton plastförpackningar varav 32% av det som tillverkas hamnar i haven. Sverige sköter sig bättre än många andra länder när det gäller uppsamling av plast plockas 99% upp. Denna siffra är mycket tack vare de lagar, förordningar och återvinning organ som existerar i Sverige jämfört med andra länder. Detta arbete kommer att fokusera på de utmaningar som uppkommer när man ska röra sig mot en mer cirkulär ekonomi och de lösningar som finns för att klara av utmaningarna. Sverige står för ett antal utmaningar. Av all plast som samlas in i Sverige går 50% till återvinning av materialet medan 50% går till förbränning för att få ut energi, för att värma hus och generera energi till städerna. De fyra vanligaste metoderna som används i återvinning av plast idag är. Closed - loop Open - loop Kemisk återvinning Förbränning för energi Closed - loop är en återvinningsmetod som betyder att när en produkt återvinns kommer den komma ur cykeln som samma eller liknande produkt, detta kan jämföras med open - loop där produkten återvinns till ett material med sämre kvaliteter. I kemisk återvinning återvinner man kemikalierna i plasten. Vanligt är att utvinna kemikalier för att sedan använda som olika bränslen. Den sista vanligaste metoden är förbränning av plast för att få ut energin som finns lagrad i plasten. De vanligaste metoderna i Sverige är idag open - loop samt förbränning. En typ av plastförpackning skiljer sig dock mot mängden, PET - flaskor. Av alla flaskor återvinns 85% till en ny plastprodukt. Detta är mycket beroende på det välfungerande pantsystem som finns i Sverige. Insamlade plastflaskor följer i Sverige en process som heter URRC - processen. Denna process följer allt från insamling av plastflaskor till försäljning av klara plastflingor som kan återvinnas till bland annat flaskor. Sverige bygger även Europas största återvinningscentral för plastinsamling. Med en ny teknologi som de kallar "Near- Technology" som bygger på Near - infrarött ljus´ skall öka precisionen på sortering av plasten. Från material, färg och kemisk uppsättning. Potentialen är 50% mer sorterad plast än någon annan anläggning i Europa. Andra nödvändiga åtgärder för att skapa en cirkulär ekonomi är i form av strikta förordningar, skärpa lagar och att plastproducenter följer de rekommendationer som kommer från till exempel, Returpack och Plastkretsen.
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Rodriguez, Novoa Esteban Alejandro. "Expansion of the Swedish Deposit Return System for plastic packaging : Challenges and enablers along the value chain of plastics." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288406.

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Plastic materials are widely used in different applications by the industry. Given its different properties, there is a wide range of utilization opportunities. From an environmental perspective, some of these properties imply a challenge for the recycling of these materials. Over the years, Deposit Return Systems (DRS) have been formulated and developed aiming to increase recycling rates of these materials. This study aims to determine if the expansion of the DRS for plastic materials can tackle current technical and logistical challenges that hinder the recyclability of these materials in Sweden. Specifically, it maps the actors and processes involved in the plastic value chain, identifying current challenges that affect the recyclability of the materials but also opportunities to increase the rates of recycling. Finally, after studying and characterizing different DRS implemented around the world, recommendations are given on what types of DRS expansions could be suitable for the Swedish context.  Based on a literature review the current Swedish plastic value chain is studied and technical and logistical challenges are identified along it. Simultaneously the study investigates technological developments and innovations intended to improve the recyclability of the plastic materials. One of the main challenges identified is the fragmentation along the value chain, which is a barrier to utilizing the system to its full potential in terms of generating recyclable material as well as establishing well-functioning value regeneration of the materials. This information is useful to discussions on a future expansion of the DRS in Sweden.  Likewise, after describing the different DRS options studied, recommendations are given for its implementation. The analysis concludes that given the current context that includes the start-up of a large sorting facility, the most promising option would be to opt for a design & sorting incentivizing DRS that is relying on the conventional waste management and does not require major investments in infrastructure. Other options are not discarded, but it is recognized that these may be more costly or more technologically demanding, also requiring more research to give an assertive assessment.
Plastmaterial används ofta i olika applikationer av industrin med tanke på dess olika egenskaper. Miljömässigt innebär några av dessa egenskaper en utmaning för återvinning av dessa material. Under åren har pantsystem (Deposit Return Systems (DRS)) formulerats och utvecklats för att öka återvinningsgraden för dessa material. Denna studie syftar till att avgöra om expansionen av DRS för plastmaterial kan hantera nuvarande tekniska och logistiska utmaningar som hindrar återvinningsbarheten av dessa material i Sverige. Specifikt kartlägger uppsatsen de aktörer som är involverade i plastvärdekedjan och identifierar nuvarande utmaningar som påverkar materialens återvinningsbarhet, men också möjligheter att öka återvinningsgraden och slutligen efter att ha studerat olika DRS implementerade runt om i världen ges rekommendationer om huruvida vissa av dem är lämpliga för det svenska sammanhanget.  Baserat på en litteraturstudie studeras den nuvarande svenska plastvärdekedjan och tekniska och logistiska utmaningar identifieras längs den. Samtidigt undersöker studien teknisk utveckling och innovationer som syftar till att förbättra återvinningsbarheten hos plastmaterialen. En av de viktigaste utmaningarna som identifierats är fragmenteringen och underutvecklingen längs värdekedjan, särskilt återvinningssektorn. Denna information är användbar för att fastställa trender i branschen men är också viktig att tänka på i formuleringen av en expansion av DRS i Sverige.  På samma sätt, efter att ha beskrivit de olika DRS-alternativen, ges rekommendationer för dess genomförande. En slutsats är att med tanke på det nuvarande sammanhanget som inkluderar start av en stor sorteringsanläggning är det mer genomförbart att välja en modell för DRS som integreras i nuvarande kommunala avfallshantering och inte kräver större investeringar i infrastruktur. Systemet ska bygga på att skapa incitament för återvinningsbar design såväl som för ytterligare sortering. Andra alternativ avfärdas inte, men dessa kan vara mer kostsamma eller mer tekniskt utmanande och kräver mer forskning.
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Bottausci, Sara. "A sustainable approach for plastic processing industry: focus on PVC." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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Il corpo dell'elaborato è lo studio e l'applicazione del 'Life Cycle Assessment' (LCA) per un granulo di PVC. La prima parte del lavoro è una valutazione dell'industria odierna della plastica, in particolar modo del PVC, dall' origine della risorsa, attraverso tutte le fasi industriali fino al prodotto finale. Seguendo viene presentato il carattere poco sostenibile dell'industria in questione e possibili soluzioni tecniche attualmente utilizzate o previste. Mediante l'uso del GaBi software è stato possibile applicare la metodologia dell'LCA, analizzando tecnicamente l'impatto ambientale del prodotto. Infine, l'ultima parte del lavoro comprende una sezione dedicata al 'Cost-Benefit Analysis', utilizzato per quantificare il rapporto tra i costi e i benefici dell'industria.
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Lovering, Nina. "The Design of the Plastic Carrier Bag Policy : Success or Failure?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-179395.

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The choice of policy design has crucial implications for a policy’s efficiency. Plastic as a material is an important issue because of its fossil origin and because it often ends up as litter and spreads microplastics. Consequently, policies regarding plastic are vital to examine to understand how we can reduce the environmental consequences of plastic. This study has examined the design of the plastic carrier bag policy and especially focused on the choice of policy instrument, the actors involved, and if the desired change in behaviour occurred. By utilising Schneider and Ingram’s policy design theory, and Howlett and Vedung’s works on policy design and policy instruments, the study built an analytical framework to examine the plastic carrier bag policy. The result showed that the design of a policy was largely dependent on who governed, reflecting the government’s political culture, aims, and goals. The outcome of the policy showed that tax as an economic instrument was efficient in changing the public’s behaviour in the use of plastic carrier bags.
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Di, Tommaso Emanuele. "Riciclo delle materie plastiche: analisi delle diverse metodologie e relative criticità." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Il riciclo della plastica è una soluzione adottata già da decenni che esprime a pieno il concetto di economia circolare: si riutilizza la plastica come materia prima seconda, in modo da evitare lo spreco di risorse per produrre materiale vergine. In questa tesi si vuole analizzare a fondo il di riciclo dei materiali polimerici, evidenziandone le criticità che lo rendono un processo di riciclo “difficile” se messo a confronto con quello di altri tipi di materiali. Con la terminologia riciclo della plastica si sottintendono in realtà più varianti di lavorazioni dei polimeri, di cui quello più affermato ed utilizzato nella quasi totalità dei casi è il meccanico. Nonostante da anni il riciclo meccanico sia il metodo prediletto per riprocessare la plastica a fine vita, vi sono alcuni ostacoli che possono rendere la lavorazione inefficiente. La selezione dei materiali e i suoi costi, il lavaggio e le complicazioni dovute a materiali organici presenti nei flussi, la cernita per colore e le difficoltà ad essa legate e la degradazione del materiale ne rappresentano alcuni. Alcune pratiche costose di pre-processamento possono essere evitate, invece, da una tecnica che si sta sviluppando recentemente: il riciclo chimico. Quest’ultimo consiste in una depolimerizzazione dei materiali per ottenere i monomeri di partenza che lo costituiscono, che hanno la stessa valenza di monomeri di materiale vergine. Il fattore dell’alta qualità dell’output, assieme alla tolleranza di materiali organici presenti nei rifiuti, sono delle caratteristiche che lasciano ben sperare in evoluzioni future di questa tecnica. I costi, la complessità delle reazioni e il fatto che siano difficili da realizzare in larga scala, ne ostacolano, per ora, l’impiego, ma resta comunque un’eccellente soluzione complementare al riciclo meccanico.
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Gray, Amelia Bågevik, and Elin Kjellberg. "Problematik och möjligheter med återvinning av PVC-plast inom byggsektorn." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297568.

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Studien baseras på en målkonflikt mellan att vilja ha en giftfri miljö och samtidigt sträva mot ett mer cirkulärt samhälle. Polyvinylklorid (fortsättningsvis PVC-plast) kan innehålla farliga ftalater som i för stor mängd kan vara skadliga för hälsa och miljö både under användning och återvinning. REACH-förordningen reglerade ftalaterna DEHP, DBP, BBP och DIBP i PVC-plast år 2015 genom att kräva tillstånd för att få använda dessa ftalater vid tillverkning av produkter inom EU. Den förändrade material-kompositionen leder till att den nytillverkade PVC-plasten skiljs från den äldre som producerades innan lagförändringen 2015. Målet att sträva mot ett mer cirkulärt samhälle genom att återvinna mer PVC-plast hindras av målet att skapa en giftfri miljö eftersom den äldre PVC-plasten innehåller förbjudna ämnen. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur denna målkonflikt påverkar återvinningen av PVC-plast inom byggsektorn.  För att besvara syftet har kvalitativ metod använts och sex intervjuer har genomförts med personer från Innovations- och kemiindustrierna i Sverige (fortsättningsvis IKEM), Tarkett, Byggföretagen, Bolon, Naturvårdsverket, IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet och BASTA.  Resultatet av studien är att ingen av de intervjuade anser att plasten varken måste ersättas eller förbjudas. De anser snarare att politiken och de vetenskapliga belägg som finns måste diskuteras mer samtidigt som kraven på miljömärkt PVC-plast måste öka för att kunna säkerställa en hållbar hantering. För att kunna öka den cirkulära ekonomin är ett förslag att implementera loggböcker där byggföretagen kan redogöra för det material som används under byggskedet, detta skulle då öka spårbarheten och därmed möjligheterna för återvinning.
The study focuses on the emerging policy conflict between a non-toxic or a toxic-free environment and a circular economy. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC plastic) contains phthalates which in excessive amounts can be dangerous to the health and the environment. Problems arise when PVC plastic is to be recycled and these phthalates spread into nature. The REACH regulation has controlled the phthalates DEHP, DBP, BBP and DIBP in PVC plastic since 2015. REACH regulates the phthalates by requiring a permit to use them for the manufacture of products within the EU. The changed material composition leads to the newly manufactured PVC plastic being separated from the older plastics that were produced within the law change in 2015. The goal of striving for a more circular economy by recycling more PVC plastic interferes with the goal of creating a toxic-free environment, since the older PVC plastic contains the now regulated substances. The purpose of the study is to investigate how this goal conflict affects the recycling of PVC plastic in the construction sector.  A qualitative method has been used for the study and six interviews have been conducted with people from the Innovation and Chemical Industries in Sweden (IKEM), Tarkett, Byggföretagen, Bolon, Naturvårdsverket, IVL Swedish Environmental Institute and BASTA.  The result of the study is that none of the interviewed is of the opinion that the PVC plastic must be replaced or banned. Although they do believe that the policy and scientific evidence that exists must be discussed more, while requirements for eco-labeled PVC plastic must be required to be able to establish a more sustainable management. In order to increase the circular economy, one proposal is to implement logbooks where construction companies can account for the material used during the construction phase, which would then increase traceability and thus the possibilities for recycling.
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Marques, Diana Filipa Gaspar. "Sistemas de reembolso de depósito para garrafas de bebidas e latas : um instrumento circular? : o caso português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21011.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Estratégia Industrial
Em 2019, a Secretaria Geral do Ambiente, Operadora do Programa "Ambiente, Alterações Climáticas e Economia de Baixo Carbono" em Portugal, lançou o concurso "Sistema de reembolso de depósito para garrafas de bebidas e latas", financiando projetos nestas áreas. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir se os Sistemas de Depósito e Reembolso (SDR) são os instrumentos mais custo-eficientes para fazer a transição de um sistema económico linear, para um sistema circular. Para alcançar este objetivo, esclareceram-se os conceitos de Economia Circular (EC) e de SDR para, depois, os aplicar na análise da circularidade dos projetos. Para o esclarecimento conceptual, fez-se uma revisão da literatura com dois objetivos: enquadrar historicamente o conceito de EC e definir os SDR enquanto instrumentos económicos de mercado simultaneamente custo-eficientes e respeitadores dos princípios da circularidade. Concluiu-se que a literatura aconselha a definição de EC proposta pela fundação Ellen MacArthur e que os SDR são instrumentos custo-eficientes para fechar o ciclo dos fluxos de materiais. Fez-se a análise qualitativa dos projetos de SDR propostos a concurso para avaliar o seu grau de circularidade. Concluiu-se que: aquilo que hoje se designa EC terá as suas raízes nos modelos de fluxos de materiais; que o conceito de EC ainda não está estabilizado; que os SDR são instrumentos de política ambiental mais custo-eficientes para fechar o ciclo de materiais; que, no curto prazo, os indicadores definidos no âmbito do concurso não serão todos cumpridos; e, por último, que nem todos os projetos vão ao encontro dos princípios da Economia Circular.
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Books on the topic "Circular Economy for Plastics"

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author, Wijk Iris van, ed. 3D printing with biomaterials: Towards a sustainable and circular economy. Amsterdam, Netherlands: IOS Press, 2015.

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Kopnina, Helen, and Kim Poldner. Circular Economy. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367816650.

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Muthu, Subramanian Senthilkannan, ed. Circular Economy. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3698-1.

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Alvarez-Risco, Aldo, Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, and Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales, eds. Circular Economy. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0549-0.

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Modak, Prasad. Practicing Circular Economy. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003107248.

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del Río, Pablo, Christoph P. Kiefer, Javier Carrillo-Hermosilla, and Totti Könnölä. The Circular Economy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74792-3.

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Stahel, Walter R., and Ellen MacArthur. The Circular Economy. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429259203.

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Lacy, Peter, Jessica Long, and Wesley Spindler. The Circular Economy Handbook. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95968-6.

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Alvarez-Risco, Aldo, Marc A. Rosen, and Shyla Del-Aguila-Arcentales, eds. Towards a Circular Economy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94293-9.

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Ghosh, Sadhan Kumar, ed. Circular Economy: Global Perspective. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1052-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Circular Economy for Plastics"

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Lesniewska, Feja, and Katrien Steenmans. "Circular Plastics Economy." In Circular Economy and the Law, 72–97. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429355141-4.

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Nørregård-Rasmussen, Asger, Malte Hertz-Jansen, and Felicitas Schmittinger. "Maker—Plastic In, Plastic Out: Circular Economy and Local Production." In Springer Series in Design and Innovation, 57–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78733-2_6.

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AbstractRecognising the lack of local and economically accessible facilities, technologies, and public engagement in local recycling, the chapter tackles the challenge of introducing Circular Economy to cope with plastic waste in Copenhagen. The need for circular systemic innovation and holistic production models for recycling plastics led to consider how local micro entrepreneurs, SMEs, commercial resellers and citizens can collaborate for a common, sustainable goal. The chapter presents ‘Plastic In, Plastic Out’ (PIPO), a Circular system for local sourcing, recycling and production of sustainable plastic building materials and products.
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Guran, Serpil, Ronald L. Mersky, and Sannidhya K. Ghosh. "Status of Plastics Waste in Circular Economy in the USA." In Circular Economy: Global Perspective, 413–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1052-6_21.

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Balaji, Anand Bellam, and Xiaoling Liu. "Plastics in Circular Economy: A Sustainable Progression." In An Introduction to Circular Economy, 159–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8510-4_9.

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Barteková, Mária. "NEW TRENDS IN CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN SLOVAKIA." In Socio-economic Determinants of Sustainble Consumption and Production II, 90–96. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8640-2021-10.

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Plastics are an important material in the economy but present a challenge for waste management, resource efficiency and the environment. Low rates of recycling and high rates of environmental leakage represent key sustainability challenges for plastics as well as product designers and producers. Aim of the research paper is to present the new trends in circular economy of the Slovak Republic. A range of policy instruments can be applied to improve the sustainability of plastics, including regulations, market-based instruments, information and voluntary tools.
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Kathuria, Deepika, and Monika Bhattu. "Introduction to Circular Economy and Recycling Plastics." In Additive Manufacturing for Plastic Recycling, 1–20. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003184164-1.

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Verrips, Annemiek, Sander Hoogendoorn, Krista Jansema-Hoekstra, and Gerbert Romijn. "The Circular Economy of Plastics in the Netherlands." In Education for Sustainability, 43–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9173-6_4.

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Colledani, Marcello, Stefano Turri, Marco Diani, and Volker Mathes. "Introduction, Context, and Motivations of a Circular Economy for Composite Materials." In Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_1.

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AbstractCircular Economy is an emerging production-consumption paradigm showing the potential to recover and re-use functions and materials from post-use, end-of-life, products. Even if several barriers still exist at different levels, from legislation to customer acceptance, the transition to this sustainable industrial model has been demonstrated to potentially bring economic, environmental, and social benefits, at large scale. Composite materials, which usage is constantly increasing, are composed by a fiber reinforcement in a resin matrix. Among them, the most widely adopted are Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP). Their applications range from wind blades to automotive, construction, sporting equipment and furniture. The post-use treatment of composite-made products is still an open challenge. Today, they are either sent to landfill, where not banned, or incinerated. The application of Circular Economy principles may lead to the creation of new circular value-chains aiming at re-using functions and materials from post-use composite-made products in high value-added applications, thus increasing the sustainability of the composite industry as a whole.
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Shahbazi, Sasha, Patricia van Loon, Martin Kurdve, and Mats Johansson. "Metal and Plastic Recycling Flows in a Circular Value Chain." In Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management, 195–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77127-0_18.

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AbstractMaterial efficiency in manufacturing is an enabler of circular economy and captures value in industry through decreasing the amount of material used to produce one unit of output, generating less waste per output and improving waste segregation and management. However, material types and fractions play an important role in successfulness of recycling initiatives. This study investigates two main fractions in automotive industry, namely, metal and plastic. For both material flows, information availability and standards and regulations are pivotal to increase segregation, optimize the collection and obtain the highest possible circulation rates with high quality of recyclables. This paper presents and compares the current information flows and standards and regulations of metals and plastics in the automotive value chain.
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Colledani, Marcello, Stefano Turri, and Marco Diani. "The FiberEUse Demand-Driven, Cross-Sectorial, Circular Economy Approach." In Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 17–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_2.

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AbstractComposite materials are widely used in several industrial sectors such as wind energy, aeronautics, automotive, construction, boating, sports equipment, furniture and design. The ongoing increase in composites market size will result in relevant waste flows with related environmental issues and value losses if sustainable solutions for their post-use recovery and reuse are not developed and upscaled. The H2020 FiberEUse project aimed at the large-scale demonstration of new circular economy value-chains based on the reuse of End-of-Life fiber reinforced composites. The project showed the opportunities enabled by the creation of robust circular value-chains based on the implementation of a demand-driven, cross-sectorial circular economy approach, in which a material recovered from a sector is reused within high-added value products in different sectors. A holistic approach based on the synergic use of different hardware and digital enabling technologies, compounded by non-technological innovations, have been implemented to develop eight demonstrators grouped in three use cases, fostering different strategies. In particular, Use Case 1 focused on the mechanical recycling of short glass fibers, Use Case 2 on the thermal recycling of long fibers, while Use Case 3 focused on the inspection, repair and remanufacturing of carbon fiber reinforced plastics products and parts.
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Conference papers on the topic "Circular Economy for Plastics"

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Kravanja, Gregor. "Use of Recycled Plastic Waste in Concrete." In International Conference on Technologies & Business Models for Circular Economy. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fkkt.2.2022.4.

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Substantial growth in plastics consumption over the last decades has contributed to an increasing amount of plastic waste being deposited in landfills and in natural environments such as the oceans. The production of new materials from recycled plastics appears to be one of the best solutions for the management of plastic waste. The aim of this paper is to investigate the adequacy of using various recycled plastic waste in concrete. The effects of waste plastic aggregates or fibers on the physical, mechanical, thermal and durability properties of concrete have been investigated. In addition, several recommendations for future studies are provided.
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Ferrero, Pablo, and Pablo Ferrer. "BioICEP. Bio Innovation of A Circular Economy for Plastics." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Catalysis Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eccs2020-07637.

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Lin, Pei-Ju, and Jun-Yu Yang. "Customer Preference of Recycled Plastic Products." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001770.

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The circular economy of recycled plastics is gradually emerging. Its objective is to reduce the production of new plastics, design products with recycled plastics according to the thermoplastic characteristics of plastics, classify, wash, dry, finely shred, and then melt and remanufacture waste plastics to reshape the appearance and function of products. In this study, consumers’ acceptance, cognition, and preference for recycled plastic products were explored based on the image these products carry. A total of 11 commercially available recycled plastic products were collected, which were respectively made of propylene (PP), high/low-density polyethylene (HDPE/LDPE), and poly (ethylene glycol-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PETG), and shaped by the injection moulding machine, compressor, tablet press, and 3D printing. These adjectives were used for the survey of 100 subjects for their evaluation of recycled plastic products. The consumers’ preference for the material of the recycled plastic products is in the order of HDPE/LDPE > PETG > PP. In addition, the evaluation of those using moulds in the manufacturing process is high, which can achieve a better product image and win consumer preferences. In the sample products of this study, a recycled watch strap is made of LDPE material using the injection moulding machine.
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Neinhuis, Anke. "Design education for sustainability: promoting a circular economy and increasing environmental awareness through the upcycling of plastic waste." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.157.

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Plastics are found everywhere, mainly because of their convenient and versatile characteristics and affordability, often surpassing traditional materials. However, these extraordinary features are also responsible for the emergence of a massive, persistent, and ever-growing amount of plastic waste, disrupting the health of our planet. This project, highlighting discourses about design education for sustainable development, offers students the opportunity to investigate the plastic waste problem in a hands-on and empowering way. Our university’s city campus alone uses around 60,000 milk bottles a year, close to 2.5 tonnes of HDPE plastic, just from milk used in the cafes, schools, and staff rooms. This valuable resource is currently shipped off-campus to be recycled into lower value products (downcycled). In the circular economy project presented here, we ask 3rd-year industrial design students to design desirable, feasible and viable products made from the university’s waste material, the plastic milk bottles. Students use the design process and design and sustainability tools to gain theoretical knowledge through their creative practice. They first research the problem and its context, after which they start generating (product) ideas while simultaneously exploring the HDPE material and possible solutions to reuse it on site. Students are encouraged to experiment extensively with the milk bottle plastic. The aim is to subsequently design innovative products taking advantage of the discovered properties and qualities of the material while also considering user needs and viable manufacturing methods. The design outcomes are envisaged to be used by university staff and students, to be recycled again at the end of their lives. Tertiary design education for sustainability is more efficient if it is experiential, and raising environmental awareness in students increases through practical learning experiences involving open-ended enquiry. This assignment engages students through project-based learning using an iterative design process, encouraging them to pursue meaningful issues. It focuses on promoting curiosity and exploration, experimentation and intuitive making, problem-solving and change-making, within the themes of recycling and circular economies. The assignment requests students to implement their knowledge and thinking into practice, creating a critical awareness of the impact of plastics on our lives and the environment, and also its value. Students extensively explore the technical, sensorial, and expressive qualities of the material at hand, with ‘making’ and intuition as the driving forces, which later informs their design proposals. They are encouraged to create innovative change-making solutions, turning the assignment into a positive and memorable experience, aiming for long-lasting behavioural change. This brief aims to teach sustainability in an empowering way to arrive at better learning outcomes and design solutions while promoting a circular economy at the university. The assignment raises awareness about the harms of plastic in a community that lives immersed in it and brings about creative and innovative solutions. The relevance of this project lies in promoting environmental consciousness in students and making the impact of actions tangible by using a project-based and hands-on design approach. Education is used to move towards a more sustainable world by raising awareness in those envisaged to help shape it.
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THUY, Trinh Thu, and Nguyen Thi Bich NGUYET. "Awareness and Attitude of Young People in Hanoi City Toward Environmentally Friendly Products: A Case Study of Bio-Plastic Bags." In International Conference on Emerging Challenges: Business Transformation and Circular Economy (ICECH 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.211119.034.

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FAGUNDES, PAULA LAMPERTI, and NELLY OCANA. "Recycling of plastic waste: contributions of sustainable innovation and the circular economy of plastic." In International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14488/ijcieom2022_full_0024_37581.

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Firtkiadis, Lazaros, Prodromos Minaoglou, Athanasios Manavis, Kyriaki Aidinli, and Nikolaos Efkolidis. "Circular economy through customised 3D printed products: A case of souvenir." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p51.

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Nowadays, the circular economy model is basically built on the efficient use of resources and the maximization of the product’s lifetime as long as possible, by recovering, reusing and recycling existing materials and products. Comparing circular economy with the new trend of customized products, there is an opportunity for the production of personalized products with less associated environmental costs. As a key factor can be considered the 3D printing technology, which is already widely accessible, offering customisable possibilities without expensive tooling based on individual specifications. Furthermore, the opportunity for recycling and degradation of different plastic materials and the creation of a filament for 3D printers has large impact on the product life cycle. The aim of this study is to highlight the management of recyclable plastic by creating new customized products. Souvenir industry has been chosen as a representative example which covers a big number of different products offering simultaneously a mass customized character.
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Koscina, Mirko, Mariusz Lombard-Platet, and Pierre Cluchet. "PlasticCoin: an ERC20 Implementation on Hyperledger Fabric for Circular Economy and Plastic Reuse." In IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3358695.3361107.

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Sekti, Irsat Surya, and Moses Laksono Singgih. "Circular Economy in Plastic Pallet Manufacturer (PPM) using Nano Level Material Circularity Indicator (MCI)." In ICONETSI '22: International Conference on Engineering and Information Technology for Sustainable Industry. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3557738.3557881.

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Marica, Author Ioana, Mihaela Aluas, and Simona Cinta Pinzaru. "The Management and Stewardship of Medical Plastic Waste using Raman Spectroscopy to Sustain Circular Economy." In 2019 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb47216.2019.8970076.

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Reports on the topic "Circular Economy for Plastics"

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Author, Not Given. Plastics for a Circular Economy Workshop: Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1644395.

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Gertslberger, Wolfgang, Merle Küttim, Tarmo Tuisk, Ulrika Hurt, Tarvo Niine, Tarlan Ahmadov, Margit Metsmaa, et al. Ringmajanduslike praktikate juurutamise võimaldajad ja barjäärid: uuringu aruanne. Tallinn University of Technology; Ministry of Economics and Communication, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/taltech.circular.economy.report.2021.

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This research study focused on the business models related to the circular economy of the four industries and their enablers and barriers have been studied. The research was conducted from September to December 2021 in Estonia by Tallinn University of Technology Sustainable Value Chain Management Working Group for the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications. The industries covered by the study were: 1) the computer, electronic and optical equipment industries; 2) chemicals and chemical industry, except plastics industry; 3) the electrical equipment industry; 4) metal industry.
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Njoroge, George, Jaee Nikam, and Daniel Ddiba. Plastic waste management and recycling in Mombasa, Kenya: A scoping study of the value chain and its institutional, policy and regulatory frameworks. Stockholm Environment Institute, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.013.

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Plastic waste management and recycling activities have the potential to reduce the environmental impacts of plastic production and to tap the economic value of would-be waste materials through circular economy approaches. This report focuses on the framework for establishing effective practices in Mombasa, Kenya, with policymaking, institutional support and regulations, and with implications for similar contexts elsewhere.
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Vincenti, Nazarena, Luca Campadello, S. Pezzoli, R. Falsina, D. Chiaroni, A. Nasca, C. Proserpio, and V. Castellani. CIRCULAR HOUSING – Circular economy in the Real Estate Field. University of Limerick, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31880/10344/10173.

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Thoden van Velzen, Ulphard, Lisanne de Weert, and Karin Molenveld. Flexible laminates within the circular economy. Wageningen: Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/519019.

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Luomi, Mari, Fatih Yilmaz, and Thamir Alshehri. The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Methodology. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-mp02.

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Abstract:
The Circular Carbon Economy Index (CCE Index) aims to measure countries’ progress in and potential for achieving circular carbon economies (CCEs). The CCE Index is based on two sub-indices: one for measuring countries’ current performance in the various dimensions of the CCE and the other for gauging how countries are positioned to make progress toward the CCE, based on key enabling factors. The CCE Index also allows for additional comparisons among top oil-producing countries through a separate set of add-on indicators that estimate how these countries’ industrial performance and business environments are aligning with the CCE.
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7

Trindade, Luisa M. Bioresources for a circular and biobased economy. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/538681.

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Luomi, Mari, Fatih Yilmaz, and Thamir Alshehri. The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Results. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp021.

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Abstract:
There is an urgent need to align global carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions with climate-safe trajectories. A broad range of technologies and approaches are needed to achieve this cost-effectively and equitably. The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their respective contributions toward the commonly agreed climate goals.
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Luomi, Mari, Fatih Yilmaz, and Thamir Alshehri. The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2021 – Results. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp21.

Full text
Abstract:
There is an urgent need to align global carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions with climate-safe trajectories. A broad range of technologies and approaches are needed to achieve this cost-effectively and equitably. The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their respective contributions toward the commonly agreed climate goals.
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10

Luomi, Mari, Fatih Yilmaz, and Thamir Al Shehri. The Circular Carbon Economy Index 2022 – Results. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks---2022-dp18.

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Abstract:
The circular carbon economy (CCE) concept provides a holistic, flexible and pragmatic framework for countries to plan their energy and economic transitions to lower carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission levels and, ultimately, net-zero emissions. The CCE Index measures countries’ progress in and potential for reaching CCEs. It is a composite indicator comprising 43 individual, quantitative variables or indicators. The datasets underlying each indicator are harmonized across countries and derived from robust and reputable sources.
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