Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Circuits intégrés – Innovations technologiques'
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David, Romain. "Study and design of integrated laser diode driver for 3D-depth sensing applications." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1033.
Full textThree-dimensional (3D) image sensors are key enablers for unlocking emerging applications in consumer electronics such as facial recognition, presence detection, gesture control or Augmented Reality (AR). These sensors mostly rely on range measuring techniques such as structured-light or Time-of-Flight (ToF) principles. The indirect Time-of-Flight (iToF) principle offers the advantage of a simple, reliable and low cost solution for mobile applications by using a laser transmitter and an image sensor. Its operating principle is to calculate a distance by measuring the phase shift between a modulated infrared laser signal and the optical signal received by the sensor after reflection on an object from the scene. Laser pulses with a duty cycle close to 50\% are usually sent through the scene by modulating the current through a semiconductor laser diode. The thesis is focused on the study and design of a compact, cost-effective and efficient integrated Laser Diode Driver (LDD) for 3D-depth sensing applications used in mobile phones. The novelty here concerns the integration of the whole driver (except laser diode and some passive components) on a single chip while accommodating mobile phone constraints (low supply voltages, high integration). Another important requirement concerns the high voltage spikes occurring during fast transients due to stray inductance. Finally, a high efficiency and low losses in the chip are critical for saving the battery lifetime and minimizing the self-heating. For comparison purposes, two different driving topologies, implementing a DC/DC converter connecting a switching element either in series or in parallel with a laser diode, have been retained as basis for designing the laser diode driver. Two IC prototypes have been realized using a 130nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics. Both drivers are able to generate current pulses up to 3A with a 2.5ns pulse width at a maximum 200MHz frequency under a 3.6V supply voltage. Under theses conditions, they provide an average output electrical power of 4.5W to the laser diode with an electrical efficiency of around 60%
Ouattara, Boukary. "Prévision des effets de vieillissement par électromigration dans les circuits intégrés CMOS en noeuds technologiques submicroniques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066253/document.
Full textElectromigration (EMG) is a consequence of miniaturization of integrated circuits in general and the reduction of interconnect dimensions in particular. It is identified as one of the critical reliability phenomenon for integrated circuits designed in submicron technologies. The methods of checking this phenomenon at design level are mostly based on current density rules and temperature. These rules are becoming difficult to implement due to increasing current density in interconnection network. This thesis is based on researching for ways to improve detection of electromigration risks at design level. The goal is to establish a relation between electrical rules and interconnect degradation mechanism. Results obtained from ageing tests permit us to relax current limit without altered circuit lifetimes. Finally, this project has been instrumental to define design rules based on optimization of clock tree cells placement in integrated circuit power grid. The application of solution proposed during this work permit to design robust circuits toward EMG
Godts-Poubelle, Pascale. "Modélisation et optimisation en vue de réalisations technologiques de M. E. S. F. E. T. Et de T. E. G. F. E. T. AlGaAs/GaAs." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10081.
Full textFarooq, Umer. "Exploration et optimisation des architectures de circuits FPGA hétérogènes à base de structures arborescentes et dédiées aux applications spécifiques." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066284.
Full textKhalkhal, Abdelaziz. "Contribution à la caractérisation de processus technologiques CMOS : étude de structures de test destinées à la mesure de capacités des composants élémentaires." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20208.
Full textGaltie, Franck. "De l'analyse d'un système alimenté sur le secteur à l'intégration fonctionnelle de sa commande." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR4025.
Full textVitiello, Julien. "Etude des matériaux diélectriques à très faible permittivité déposés par voie chimique en phase vapeur développés pour l'isolation des interconnexions cuivre des circuits intégrés pour les générations technologiques 45 nm et 32 nm." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0097/these.pdf.
Full textThe performance requirements for sub-65 nm generations imply the use of dielectric films with ultra low k-value in interconnects. With the introduction of copper, two dielectric films play a major role in the architecture: an insulator in between the metal lines and a dielectric barrier capping the top of these lines. For the 45 nm node, ultra low k-value insulators are obtained by introducing porosity into a SiOC matrix. These porous films are a true technological jump for the whole interconnect module integration. The dielectric barriers must also have a low k-value. To this purpose, the SiCN film, used for the 65 nm generation, must be replaced by a material showing the same barrier properties but less dense to satisfy the requirements in electric performances. The ultra low k-value insulator is based on a non porogen approach, called restructuring. The study of the process of deposit and the characteristics of film allow highlighting the physical phenomena at the origin of the graded structure in depth of the film. The mechanical properties were determined by nanoindentation, using a method based on multilayers. The improvement of the mechanical resistance of this porous film was obtained using a thermally assisted ultraviolet treatment. Its effectiveness depends on exposure duration and purge gas in the chamber. Moreover, the kinetics of cross-linking in the SiOC structure is related to the film density. Lastly, the feasibility of the integration of this film was evidenced. With regard to the dielectric barriers, two solutions for the 45 nm generation were evaluated: a plasma stabilized SiC layer and a SiCN bilayer. Their barrier efficiency was evaluated thanks to two methods developed in this study. That made it possible to qualify the performances of these new layers
Duluc, Jean-Baptiste. "Contribution à l'étude des paramètres technologiques et du modèle de transistor bi-polaire : application au contrôle du procédé de fabrication et à la conception des circuits intégrés." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10508.
Full textImbernon, Eric. "Etude et optimisation d'une filière technologique flexible adaptée au mode d'intégration fonctionnelle." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30139.
Full textBrochard, Nicolas. "Intégration 3D : vers des capteurs d'image innovants à haute performance." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK020/document.
Full textNowadays, CMOS image sensors are almost exclusively architectured around analog pixels. A transition to purely digital pixels would significantly improve the performances of imagers. Unfortunately, such an approach is difficult to consider because it causes an oversized and unusable pixel for the consumer market. One of the promising ways to solve this problem of pixel integration is to think not only in 2D dimensions, but in 3D dimensions by distributing the different functionalities on several interconnected wafers.Thus, the work presented in this manuscript describes the design of a purely digital image sensor in CMOS 3D-IC 130 nm Tezzaron technology. This sensor is architectured around a digital pixel integrating a first order sigma delta modulation on 10 bits of maximum resolution. The exhaustive study of the different blocks constituting the pixel allowed us to finally propose a solution guaranteeing a contained surface of silicon: final pixel size of 32.5 μm × 32.5 μm with a fill factor of at least 80 %. Regarding performances, the pixel simulations showed good results: 11 μA/pixel consumption, 60 dB signal-to-noise ratio, 7.2 effective number of bits, maximum and minimum differential nonlinearity of +1,37/-0,73 (for 10 bits) and a maximum and minimum integral nonlinearity of + 2,447/-3,5 (for 10 bits)
Jeanpert, Sophie. "Réseau de magasins et commerce électronique : analyse des déterminants de l'adhésion du personnel au multicanal." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL12016/document.
Full textMany companies have added e-commerce sites to their store network, thereby creating a multichannel distribution system. This research analyses factors that trigger staff commitment to this new system by considering both adoption of (commitment to) the multichannel customer concept and importance given to the implementation of multichannel marketing actions. Based upon a review of broader management literature, ambiental and strategic orientation factors (i.e. store market orientation perceived by its personnel) as well as management mechanisms are identified as potential determinants of staff commitment to multichannel. This work revealed the existence of internal coopetition (competition and cooperation among channels) and the need to adapt the concept of market orientation to the multichannel context. The notion of coopetitive market orientation which includes customer orientation, competitor orientation and internal coopetition is introduced. Several hypothesis and a final model are then developed and empirically tested on the case of a specialized distribution channel. Results reveal that organisational mechanisms (centralisation and wage system), as well as self competition factors (market intersection and competition between channels for internal resources) influence staff commitment to multichannel. A store's coopetitive market orientation as perceived by its personnel influences the latter's commitment. The influence of several variables is mediated by this kind of strategic orientation. The discussion of the results leads to a typology (cluster analysis). Academic and managerial implications are developed and several research directions are suggested
Bestory, Corinne. "Développement de stratégies de conception en vue de la fiabilité pour la simulation et la prévision des durées de vie de circuits intégrés dès la phase de conception." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13627/document.
Full textDesign for reliability (DFR) consists in assessing the impact of electrical ageing of each elementary component, using electrical simulations, on performance degradations of a full device. According to DFR concept and reliability simulation, theses works present a new DFR strategy. This strategy based on the integration of two intermediate phases in the ICs and SoC design flow. The first phase is a bottom-up ageing behavioural modelling phase of a circuit (from transistor level to circuit level). The second phase is a « top-down reliability analyses » phase of this circuit, performing electrical simulations using its ageing behavioural models, in order to determine critical functional blocks and / or elementary components of its architecture according to a failure mechanism and a given mission profile. Theses analyses also allow determining the failure time of this circuit. Statistical dispersions on ICs performances, due to the used manufacturing process, have been taking into account in order to assess their impact on failure time dispersions of a ICs lot. The method has been applied on two degradation mechanisms: hot carriers and radiations
Bruguier, Florent. "Méthodes de caractérisation et de surveillance des variations technologiques et environnementales pour systèmes reconfigurables adaptatifs." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965377.
Full textPereme, Florian. "Augmentation de la productivité des projets de R&D sous-traités, sous fortes contraintes, une inférence des approches Earned value et agiles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD022.
Full textTechnology companies are more and more faced to R&D and innovation issues. The acceleration of emergence and evolution of technologies puts a lot of pressure and many new constraints that lead to the needs of lifecycle reduction and R&D productivity enhancement. The first part of this work aims to characterize formally all the actors and their interactions in the complex process of creating innovation that includes R&D phases. We lead to a clearer definition of the scientific locks and raise questions around R&D production processes in an industrial context. In a second part, we made the decision to propose an organizational construction for R&D structure based on proven methods in the world of system development. By remaining anchored in the characterizations obtained in the first part, we focus our construction work in particular on agile methods and on Earned value model. Agile methods are intended to be more flexible and adaptive caused they are focused on actors and deliveries and not onprocesses. Here we use the Earned value model as a management tool for measuring the produced value. After a state of the art both external and internal to the Altran Technologies contractor projects, we build an original framework. This last one defines a list of several principles. This approach allows each one to deploy the model in compliancy with own constraints. The final aim is not to guaranty innovation productivity because for us it seems almost impossible, but to increase, control and measure his occurrence probability. The last part closes the framework proposal by identifying the advantages and the limits, and proposes future perspectives of works to compare the method with some real projects
Braz, Ferreira Luciene. "Inovação no varejo = L'innovation au sein du commerce de détail : estudo de casos em grandes redes varejistas = étude de cas de grandes chaines de détaillants." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM2017/document.
Full textThis thesis aimed at investigating the innovation in major retailing chains acting in Brazil. The presupposition assumed is that the innovation on retailing takes place in several levels and in several processes. The research results showed a trend to use the demand pull as way for the innovation arising and the predominant use of incremental innovations. It was realized, also, the Dominant-Logics Service as context of the innovations presented. Few were the barriers found by the organizations for the implantation of the innovations. As value creation for the clients, it was signalized the efficiency and the client´s involvement. Concerning the value appropriation, the companies showed the client´s loyalty
Garets, d'Ars Boursin Véronique des. "Implantation et impacts des nouvelles technologies dans l'entreprise de distribution : approche méthodologique et pratique." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20281.
Full textMhiri, Rawia. "Approches 2D/2D pour le SFM à partir d'un réseau de caméras asynchrones." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAM0014/document.
Full textDriver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles have reached a certain maturity in recent years through the use of advanced technologies. A fundamental step for these systems is the motion and the structure estimation (Structure From Motion) that accomplish several tasks, including the detection of obstacles and road marking, localisation and mapping. To estimate their movements, such systems use relatively expensive sensors. In order to market such systems on a large scale, it is necessary to develop applications with low cost devices. In this context, vision systems is a good alternative. A new method based on 2D/2D approaches from an asynchronous multi-camera network is presented to obtain the motion and the 3D structure at the absolute scale, focusing on estimating the scale factors. The proposed method, called Triangle Method, is based on the use of three images forming a. triangle shape: two images from the same camera and an image from a neighboring camera. The algorithrn has three assumptions: the cameras share common fields of view (two by two), the path between two consecutive images from a single camera is approximated by a line segment, and the cameras are calibrated. The extrinsic calibration between two cameras combined with the assumption of rectilinear motion of the system allows to estimate the absolute scale factors. The proposed method is accurate and robust for straight trajectories and present satisfactory results for curve trajectories. To refine the initial estimation, some en-ors due to the inaccuracies of the scale estimation are improved by an optimization method: a local bundle adjustment applied only on the absolute scale factors and the 3D points. The presented approach is validated on sequences of real road scenes, and evaluated with respect to the ground truth obtained through a differential GPS. Finally, another fundamental application in the fields of driver assistance and automated driving is road and obstacles detection. A method is presented for an asynchronous system based on sparse disparity maps
Caillaud, Johann. "Le standard pratiqué : une nouvelle voie de standardisation des processus métier ouverte par une recherche-action." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090040/document.
Full textBusiness processes undergo standardization. This standardization is achieved through domination, confrontation and incorporation, means that have their origins in methods like Taylorism, reengineering or the implementation of tools such as ERP systems. Prescription and standardization of business processes, however, create problems for organizations, at the strategic, functional and operating levels. Our research attempts to uncover on one hand novel ways of standardizing processes and on the other the conditions facilitating the emergence of these new ways.Convinced that change cannot be defined any more as the imposition of an a priori model or a promulgated standard, we investigate how work practices may contribute to the creation of standards, and result in “practiced” standards. To find solutions to the problems met with current ways of standardizing, we propose a model, which places practice at the heart of a spiral of creation of organizational knowledge. Through an action research project, we analyze the effects of the implementation of this model in two different settings, namely a public banking institute and a conglomerate of national press, requiring different conditions for change.Our findings, which differ considerably from one case to the other, highlight how the “practiced” standard emerges as a novel way of standardizing. First, we notice that the “practiced” standard feeds on the promulgated standard to anchor business processes in the whole organization. Second, the emergence and the development of the “practiced” standard bring to light specific processes that operate in the organization, namely a process of sensemaking, the support of a structure of power parallel to the official one, and a process of organizational innovation
Dasgupta, Abhijeet. "High efficiency S-Band vector power modulator design using GaN technology." Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0021/document.
Full textThe evolution of telecommunications systems, linked to a constantly increasing demand in terms of data rate and volume, leads to the development of systems offering very wide bandwidths, modulations with very high spectral efficiencies, increased power and frequency flexibilities in transmitters. Moreover, the implementation of such systems must be done with a permanent concern for energy saving, hence the recurring goal of the RF power amplification which is to combine the best efficiency, linearity and bandwidth. Conventional architectures of RF emitter front-ends consist in a first step in performing the frequency modulation-conversion operation (IQ Modulator) and then in a second step the DC-RF energy conversion operation (Power Amplifier), these two steps being usually managed independently. The aim of this thesis is to propose an alternative approach that consists in combining these two operations in only one function: a high efficiency vector power modulator. The core of the proposed system is based on a two-stage GaN HEMT circuit to obtain a variable power gain operating at saturation. It is associated with a specific multi-level bias modulator also design using GaN technology. The fabricated device generates, at a frequency of 2.5 GHz, a 16QAM modulation (100Msymb/s) with 13W average power, 25W peak power, with an overall efficiency of 40% and 5% EVM