Relevant bibliographies by topics / CircRNAs, brain wiring, axon

Academic literature on the topic 'CircRNAs, brain wiring, axon'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "CircRNAs, brain wiring, axon"

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Lewis, Tommy L., Julien Courchet, and Franck Polleux. "Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying axon formation, growth, and branching." Journal of Cell Biology 202, no. 6 (September 16, 2013): 837–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201305098.

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Proper brain wiring during development is pivotal for adult brain function. Neurons display a high degree of polarization both morphologically and functionally, and this polarization requires the segregation of mRNA, proteins, and lipids into the axonal or somatodendritic domains. Recent discoveries have provided insight into many aspects of the cell biology of axonal development including axon specification during neuronal polarization, axon growth, and terminal axon branching during synaptogenesis.
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Mason, Carol, and Nefeli Slavi. "Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Wiring Establishing the Binocular Circuit." Annual Review of Vision Science 6, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-vision-091517-034306.

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Binocular vision depends on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axon projection either to the same side or to the opposite side of the brain. In this article, we review the molecular mechanisms for decussation of RGC axons, with a focus on axon guidance signaling at the optic chiasm and ipsi- and contralateral axon organization in the optic tract prior to and during targeting. The spatial and temporal features of RGC neurogenesis that give rise to ipsilateral and contralateral identity are described. The albino visual system is highlighted as an apt comparative model for understanding RGC decussation, as albinos have a reduced ipsilateral projection and altered RGC neurogenesis associated with perturbed melanogenesis in the retinal pigment epithelium. Understanding the steps for RGC specification into ipsi- and contralateral subtypes will facilitate differentiation of stem cells into RGCs with proper navigational abilities for effective axon regeneration and correct targeting of higher-order visual centers.
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Wang, Wei, Asit Rai, Eun-Mi Hur, Zeev Smilansky, Karen T. Chang, and Kyung-Tai Min. "DSCR1 is required for both axonal growth cone extension and steering." Journal of Cell Biology 213, no. 4 (May 16, 2016): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201510107.

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Local information processing in the growth cone is essential for correct wiring of the nervous system. As an axon navigates through the developing nervous system, the growth cone responds to extrinsic guidance cues by coordinating axon outgrowth with growth cone steering. It has become increasingly clear that axon extension requires proper actin polymerization dynamics, whereas growth cone steering involves local protein synthesis. However, molecular components integrating these two processes have not been identified. Here, we show that Down syndrome critical region 1 protein (DSCR1) controls axon outgrowth by modulating growth cone actin dynamics through regulation of cofilin activity (phospho/dephospho-cofilin). Additionally, DSCR1 mediates brain-derived neurotrophic factor–induced local protein synthesis and growth cone turning. Our study identifies DSCR1 as a key protein that couples axon growth and pathfinding by dually regulating actin dynamics and local protein synthesis.
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Jia, Erteng, Ying Zhou, Zhiyu Liu, Liujing Wang, Tinglan Ouyang, Min Pan, Yunfei Bai, and Qinyu Ge. "Transcriptomic Profiling of Circular RNA in Different Brain Regions of Parkinson’s Disease in a Mouse Model." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21083006.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and although many studies have been done on this disease, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood and further studies are warranted. Therefore, this study identified circRNA expression profiles in the cerebral cortex (CC), hippocampus (HP), striatum (ST), and cerebellum (CB) regions of the 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse model using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and differentially expressed circRNA were validated using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analyses were also performed to explore the potential function of circRNAs. The results show that, compared with the control group, 24, 66, 71, and 121 differentially expressed circRNAs (DE-circRNAs) were found in the CC, HP, ST, and CB, respectively. PDST vs. PDCB, PDST vs. PDHP, and PDCB vs. PDHP groups have 578, 110, and 749 DE-circRNAs, respectively. Then, seven DE-cirRNAs were selected for qRT-PCR verification, where the expressions were consistent with the sequencing analysis. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that these DE-circRNAs participate in several biological functions and signaling pathways, including glutamic synapse, neuron to neuron synapse, cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation, Parkinson’s disease, axon guidance, cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, the KEGG analysis of the target genes predicted by DE-circRNAs indicated that the target genes predicted by mmu_circRNA_0003292, mmu_circRNA_0001320, mmu_circRNA_0005976, and mmu_circRNA_0005388 were involved in the PD-related pathway. Overall, this is the first study on the expression profile of circRNAs in the different brain regions of PD mouse model. These results might facilitate our understanding of the potential roles of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of PD. Moreover, the results also indicate that the mmu_circRNA_0003292-miRNA-132-Nr4a2 pathway might be involved in the regulation of the molecular mechanism of Parkinson’s disease.
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Charron, F. "Novel brain wiring functions for classical morphogens: a role as graded positional cues in axon guidance." Development 132, no. 10 (May 15, 2005): 2251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.01830.

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Umeda, Kentaro, Nariaki Iwasawa, Manabu Negishi, and Izumi Oinuma. "A short splicing isoform of afadin suppresses the cortical axon branching in a dominant-negative manner." Molecular Biology of the Cell 26, no. 10 (May 15, 2015): 1957–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e15-01-0039.

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Precise wiring patterns of axons are among the remarkable features of neuronal circuit formation, and establishment of the proper neuronal network requires control of outgrowth, branching, and guidance of axons. R-Ras is a Ras-family small GTPase that has essential roles in multiple phases of axonal development. We recently identified afadin, an F-actin–binding protein, as an effector of R-Ras mediating axon branching through F-actin reorganization. Afadin comprises two isoforms—l-afadin, having the F-actin–binding domain, and s-afadin, lacking the F-actin–binding domain. Compared with l-afadin, s-afadin, the short splicing variant of l-afadin, contains RA domains but lacks the F-actin–binding domain. Neurons express both isoforms; however, the function of s-afadin in brain remains unknown. Here we identify s-afadin as an endogenous inhibitor of cortical axon branching. In contrast to the abundant and constant expression of l-afadin throughout neuronal development, the expression of s-afadin is relatively low when cortical axons branch actively. Ectopic expression and knockdown of s-afadin suppress and promote branching, respectively. s-Afadin blocks the R-Ras–mediated membrane translocation of l-afadin and axon branching by inhibiting the binding of l-afadin to R-Ras. Thus s-afadin acts as a dominant-negative isoform in R-Ras-afadin–regulated axon branching.
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7

Rhiner, Christa, and Michael O. Hengartner. "Sugar Antennae for Guidance Signals: Syndecans and Glypicans Integrate Directional Cues for Navigating Neurons." Scientific World JOURNAL 6 (2006): 1024–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2006.202.

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Attractive and repulsive signals guide migrating nerve cells in all directions when the nervous system starts to form. The neurons extend thin processes, axons, that connect over wide distances with other brain cells to form a complicated neuronal network. One of the most fascinating questions in neuroscience is how the correct wiring of billions of nerve cells in our brain is controlled. Several protein families are known to serve as guidance cues for navigating neurons and axons. Nevertheless, the combinatorial potential of these proteins seems to be insufficient to sculpt the entire neuronal network and the appropriate formation of connections. Recently, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which are present on the cell surface of neurons and in the extracellular matrix through which neurons and axons migrate, have been found to play a role in regulating cell migration and axon guidance. Intriguingly, the large number of distinct modifications that can be put onto the sugar side chains of these PGs would in principle allow for an enormous diversity of HSPGs, which could help in regulating the vast number of guidance choices taken by individual neurons. In this review, we will focus on the role of the cell surface HSPGs syndecan and glypican and specific HS modifications in promoting neuronal migration, axon guidance, and synapse formation.
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Moreno Bravo, J. A. "Development of bilateral circuits of the nervous system: From molecular mechanisms to the cerebellum and its implication in neurodevelopmental disorders." ANALES RANM 139, no. 139(03) (2023): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32440/ar.2022.139.03.rev02.

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The brain is the most complex organ we have, and it is the one that defines us as human beings. It is the basis of intelligence, of our thoughts and memories. In addition, it interprets the world through the senses, initiates movement and controls our behaviors. The correct functioning of this organ is based on the correct establishment of connectivity patterns between the millions of neurons which enable a precise and efficient communication between them. These neural networks emerge during embryonic and postnatal development. The formation of proper neuronal circuitry relies on diverse and very precisely orchestrated events controlled by specific molecular mechanisms. Therefore, failures in these early events will lead to brain pathologies and complex disorders. In the last decades, remarkable progress has been made in identifying and in understanding the mechanisms of action of the molecular that direct axon and neural circuitry development. However, their role in vivo in many aspects of neural circuit formation remains largely unknown, particularly how the impairment of this initial connectivity derives in complex neurodevelopmental pathologies. Here, I highlight part of my contributions and recent advances that shed light on the complexity of mechanisms that regulate axon guidance and the wiring of the bilateral circuits of the central nervous system. Furthermore, I discuss about how understanding the development of bilateral circuits of the cerebellum is essential to understand the emergence of diverse neurodevelopmental pathologies.
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9

Haber, Suzanne N., Hesheng Liu, Jakob Seidlitz, and Ed Bullmore. "Prefrontal connectomics: from anatomy to human imaging." Neuropsychopharmacology 47, no. 1 (September 28, 2021): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01156-6.

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AbstractThe fundamental importance of prefrontal cortical connectivity to information processing and, therefore, disorders of cognition, emotion, and behavior has been recognized for decades. Anatomic tracing studies in animals have formed the basis for delineating the direct monosynaptic connectivity, from cells of origin, through axon trajectories, to synaptic terminals. Advances in neuroimaging combined with network science have taken the lead in developing complex wiring diagrams or connectomes of the human brain. A key question is how well these magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived networks and hubs reflect the anatomic “hard wiring” first proposed to underlie the distribution of information for large-scale network interactions. In this review, we address this challenge by focusing on what is known about monosynaptic prefrontal cortical connections in non-human primates and how this compares to MRI-derived measurements of network organization in humans. First, we outline the anatomic cortical connections and pathways for each prefrontal cortex (PFC) region. We then review the available MRI-based techniques for indirectly measuring structural and functional connectivity, and introduce graph theoretical methods for analysis of hubs, modules, and topologically integrative features of the connectome. Finally, we bring these two approaches together, using specific examples, to demonstrate how monosynaptic connections, demonstrated by tract-tracing studies, can directly inform understanding of the composition of PFC nodes and hubs, and the edges or pathways that connect PFC to cortical and subcortical areas.
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10

Paolino, Annalisa, Laura R. Fenlon, Peter Kozulin, Elizabeth Haines, Jonathan W. C. Lim, Linda J. Richards, and Rodrigo Suárez. "Differential timing of a conserved transcriptional network underlies divergent cortical projection routes across mammalian brain evolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 19 (April 20, 2020): 10554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1922422117.

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A unique combination of transcription factor expression and projection neuron identity demarcates each layer of the cerebral cortex. During mouse and human cortical development, the transcription factor CTIP2 specifies neurons that project subcerebrally, while SATB2 specifies neuronal projections via the corpus callosum, a large axon tract connecting the two neocortical hemispheres that emerged exclusively in eutherian mammals. Marsupials comprise the sister taxon of eutherians but do not have a corpus callosum; their intercortical commissural neurons instead project via the anterior commissure, similar to egg-laying monotreme mammals. It remains unknown whether divergent transcriptional networks underlie these cortical wiring differences. Here, we combine birth-dating analysis, retrograde tracing, gene overexpression and knockdown, and axonal quantification to compare the functions of CTIP2 and SATB2 in neocortical development, between the eutherian mouse and the marsupial fat-tailed dunnart. We demonstrate a striking degree of structural and functional homology, whereby CTIP2 or SATB2 of either species is sufficient to promote a subcerebral or commissural fate, respectively. Remarkably, we reveal a substantial delay in the onset of developmental SATB2 expression in mice as compared to the equivalent stage in dunnarts, with premature SATB2 overexpression in mice to match that of dunnarts resulting in a marsupial-like projection fate via the anterior commissure. Our results suggest that small alterations in the timing of regulatory gene expression may underlie interspecies differences in neuronal projection fate specification.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "CircRNAs, brain wiring, axon"

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Ng, David. "Wiring the brain with Neto1: A multivalent NMDA receptor interacting CUB domain protein with essential roles in axon guidance, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependant spatial learning and memory." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=449915&T=F.

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Books on the topic "CircRNAs, brain wiring, axon"

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Ng, David. Wiring the brain with Neto1: A multivalent NMDA receptor interacting CUB domain protein with essential roles in axon guidance, synaptic plasticity, and hippocampal-dependant spatial learning and memory. 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "CircRNAs, brain wiring, axon"

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Sanes, Dan H., Thomas A. Reh, William A. Harris, and Matthias Landgraf. "Wiring Up the Brain: Axon Navigation." In Development of the Nervous System, 119–58. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803996-0.00005-8.

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