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Academic literature on the topic 'Cigarette smokers Australia Mortality Statistics'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Cigarette smokers Australia Mortality Statistics"

1

Benjamin, Bernard. "Smoking and mortality—a postscript." Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 113, no. 1 (June 1986): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020268100042347.

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In an earlier paper (Benjamin, 1981) on the subject of cigarette smoking and mortality, statistics from a number of national prospective studies were brought together. These studies agreed in the general finding that the smoking of cigarettes doubled the risk of dying before the age of 65; that diseases most likely to intervene to produce this excess mortality were lung cancer, bronchitis, and emphysema, ischaemic heart disease, certain other cancers (notably of buccal cavity, oesophagus, bladder) and cirrhosis of the liver. It was emphasized that the excess mortality from heart and circulatory disease was not restricted to coronary heart disease, though this latter cause provided the most important element. There was for cigarette smokers a 70% higher risk of dying from myocardial infarction (for the same level of smoking that risk was not less for women than for men). A restricted number of international comparisons of mortality were provided. In almost all countries in Europe, ischaemic heart disease mortality was rising. Outside Europe there was a contrast between the less developed countries where the amount of tobacco consumed was low and those developed countries where consumption was higher. Death-rates were much higher in the latter group. The most pronounced association between smoking and disease was that of lung cancer. The recent experience of lung cancer mortality in a number of countries was recorded. In all countries where there was substantial participation in smoking, death-rates had been rising for men. In most countries where a high proportion of women had been smoking for many years the death-rate for cancer of the lung was rising and in most cases quite rapidly. A reminder was given that heart disease and cancer were not the only penalties of smoking. Emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, influenza, pneumonia and respiratory tuberculosis were diseases for which the risk of dying was increased in cigarette smokers.
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2

Odutola, Michael K., Marina T. van Leeuwen, Jennifer Turner, Fiona Bruinsma, John F. Seymour, Henry M. Prince, Samuel T. Milliken, et al. "Associations between Smoking and Alcohol and Follicular Lymphoma Incidence and Survival: A Family-Based Case-Control Study in Australia." Cancers 14, no. 11 (May 30, 2022): 2710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14112710.

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The association between smoking and alcohol consumption and follicular lymphoma (FL) incidence and clinical outcome is uncertain. We conducted a population-based family case-control study (709 cases: 490 controls) in Australia. We assessed lifetime history of smoking and recent alcohol consumption and followed-up cases (median = 83 months). We examined associations with FL risk using unconditional logistic regression and with all-cause and FL-specific mortality of cases using Cox regression. FL risk was associated with ever smoking (OR = 1.38, 95%CI = 1.08–1.74), former smoking (OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.05–1.77), smoking initiation before age 17 (OR = 1.47, 95%CI = 1.06–2.05), the highest categories of cigarettes smoked per day (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.04–2.01), smoking duration (OR = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.07–2.18) and pack-years (OR = 1.56, 95%CI = 1.10–2.22). For never smokers, FL risk increased for those exposed indoors to >2 smokers during childhood (OR = 1.84, 95%CI = 1.11–3.04). For cases, current smoking and the highest categories of smoking duration and lifetime cigarette exposure were associated with elevated all-cause mortality. The hazard ratio for current smoking and FL-specific mortality was 2.97 (95%CI = 0.91–9.72). We found no association between recent alcohol consumption and FL risk, all-cause or FL-specific mortality. Our study showed consistent evidence of an association between smoking and increased FL risk and possibly also FL-specific mortality. Strengthening anti-smoking policies and interventions may reduce the population burden of FL.
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3

Rulkiewicz, Anna, Iwona Pilchowska, Wojciech Lisik, Piotr Pruszczyk, and Justyna Domienik-Karłowicz. "Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking among Professionally Active Adult Population in Poland and Its Strong Relationship with Cardiovascular Co-Morbidities-POL-O-CARIA 2021 Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144111.

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Smoking is a leading cause of preventable mortality. It affects both the health and economic situation within societies. The aim of the study is to perform an epidemiological analysis of smoking among professionally active adults in Poland in the years 2016–2020 and its Strong Relationship with Cardiovascular Co-morbidities. The article retrospectively analyzed the records of 1,450,455 who underwent occupational medicine examinations between 2016 and 2020. Statistical analyses performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25 software were performed. In general, irrespective of the year of measurement, 11.6% of women and 17.1% of men declared smoking. After sorting by year of measurement, we found that the percentage of female smokers was decreasing, while that of males remained relatively consistent. In the case of BMI, it was found that among tobacco smokers the percentage of people with normal body weight decreases with successive years of measurement, while the percentage of overweight and level I obesity increases. Moreover, we analyzed in detail the occurrence of particular comorbidities in the group of people who declared smoking. The most common diseases in this group were: arterial hypertension (39%), lipid disorders (26.7%), and hypertension and lipid disorders (16.5%). Active preventive measures are necessary to reduce the number of smokers and the negative impact of smoking on the occurrence of comorbid diseases.
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4

Omelchenko, E. M., O. O. Polka, O. T. Yelizarova, and S. S. Kartashova. "Influence of legislative changes in the sphere of healthcare on tobacco smoking and mortality from cardiovascular pathology among the population of Ukraine." Environment & Health 99 (2) (June 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2021.02.015.

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Smoking is at one of the first places among the factors of lifestyle that negatively affect human health, including indicators of the respiratory, reproductive, digestive and cardiovascular systems. A relationship between smoking and morbidity, prevalence and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD), taking into account the age structure of the Ukrainian population, was a subject of the study. These diseases were selected as an indicator of the negative effects of smoking. Objective: We identified the trends in the variability of cardiovascular pathology among the population under the influence of both active and passive smoking, established the degree of relationship between these indicators and assessed «cause-effect» relationships as well. Materials and methods: The data analysis was performed on the basis of the official state statistics and own retrospective genetic monitoring data. Results: In Ukraine, since 2009, current legislation significantly restricts smoking in public places. Due to the reduction of smoking intensity, the above measures were expected to lead to a reduction in the incidence (mortality) from CVD during a long period after the enactment of legislative changes. The share of smokers in Ukraine (age 12+) for the period 2013-2016 is lower by 17.4% (t=4.6; p<0.01) than for the period 2004-2012. The share of the smokers in Ukraine (age 12+) for the period 2013-2016 is lower by 17.4% (t=4.6; p<0.01) than for the period 2004-2012. At the same time, there was a decrease in the proportion of those who smoke 1-5 or more 20 cigarettes a day. From 2009 to 2016, the incidence of CVD decreased by 23%, and the mortality rate from CVD decreased by 9%. This decrease was due both to a decrease in the number of smokers (almost by 32%) and to a decrease in cigarette sales (at least by 39%). The relationship between a decrease in the proportion of smokers in the population and a decrease in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (p<0.05) has been established. Conclusions: The enactment of the Law of Ukraine on Tobacco Control had a positive systemic effect, its impact affected the reduction of morbidity and mortality of the population of Ukraine from cardiovascular diseases, which significantly improved the demographic situation.
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5

Kulinski, Kasia, and Natalie A. Smith. "Surgical prehabilitation using mobile health coaching in patients with obesity: A pilot study." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 48, no. 5 (September 2020): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x20947731.

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Many patients spend months waiting for elective procedures, and many have significant modifiable risk factors that could contribute to an increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The minimal direct contact that usually occurs with healthcare professionals during this period represents a missed opportunity to improve patient health and surgical outcomes. Patients with obesity comprise a large proportion of the surgical workload but are under-represented in prehabilitation studies. Our study piloted a mobile phone based, multidisciplinary, prehabilitation programme for patients with obesity awaiting elective surgery. A total of 22 participants were recruited via the Wollongong Hospital pre-admissions clinic in New South Wales, Australia, and 18 completed the study. All received the study intervention of four text messages per week for six months. Questionnaires addressing the self-reported outcome measures were performed at the start and completion of the study. Forty percent of participants lost weight and 40% of smokers decreased their cigarette intake over the study. Sixty percent reported an overall improved health score. Over 80% of patients found the programme effective for themselves, and all recommended that it be made available to other patients. The cost was A$1.20 per patient per month. Our study showed improvement in some of the risk factors for perioperative morbidity and mortality. With improved methods to increase enrolment, our overall impression is that text message–based mobile health prehabilitation may be a feasible, cost-effective and worthwhile intervention for patients with obesity.
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6

Luo, Qingwei, Julia Steinberg, Xue Qin Yu, Marianne Weber, Michael Caruana, Sarsha Yap, Paul B. Grogan, Emily Banks, Dianne L. O’Connell, and Karen Canfell. "Projections of smoking-related cancer mortality in Australia to 2044." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, June 24, 2022, jech—2021–218252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2021-218252.

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BackgroundWhile many high-income countries including Australia have successfully implemented a range of tobacco control policies, smoking remains the leading preventable cause of cancer death in Australia. We have projected Australian mortality rates for cancer types, which have been shown to have an established relationship with cigarette smoking and estimated numbers of cancer deaths attributable to smoking to 2044.MethodsCancer types were grouped according to the proportion of cases currently caused by smoking: 8%–30% and >30%. For each group, an age–period– cohort model or generalised linear model with cigarette smoking exposure as a covariate was selected based on the model fit statistics and validation using observed data. The smoking-attributable fraction (SAF) was calculated for each smoking-related cancer using Australian smoking prevalence data and published relative risks.ResultsDespite the decreasing mortality rates projected for the period 2015–2019 to 2040–2044 for both men and women, the overall number of smoking-related cancer deaths is estimated to increase by 28.7% for men and 35.8% for women: from 138 707 (77 839 men and 60 868 women) in 2015–2019 to 182 819 (100 153 men and 82 666 women) in 2040–2044. Over the period 2020–2044, there will be 254 583 cancer deaths (173 943 men and 80 640 women) directly attributable to smoking, with lung, larynx, oesophagus and oral (comprising lip, oral cavity and pharynx) cancers having the largest SAFs.InterpretationCigarette smoking will cause over 250 000 cancer deaths in Australia from 2020 to 2044. Continued efforts in tobacco control remain a public health priority, even in countries where smoking prevalence has substantially declined.
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7

Levy, David T., Coral Gartner, Alex C. Liber, Luz María Sánchez-Romero, Zhe Yuan, Yameng Li, K. Michael Cummings, and Ron Borland. "The Australia Smoking and Vaping Model: The Potential Impact of Increasing Access to Nicotine Vaping Products." Nicotine & Tobacco Research, September 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntac210.

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Abstract Background We model the potential impact of relaxing current nicotine vaping product (NVP) restrictions on public health in Australia. Methods A Restricted NVP Scenario was first developed to project current smoking and vaping rates, where a US smoking model was calibrated to recent Australian trends. To model less restrictive NVP policies, a Permissive NVP Scenario applied rates of switching from smoking to vaping, initiation into NVP and cigarette use, and cessation from smoking and vaping based on US trends. The model measures vaping risk relative to the excess mortality rate of smoking. The public health impacts are measured as the difference between smoking- and vaping-attributable deaths (SVADs) and life years lost (LYLs) in the Restricted and Permissive NVP Scenarios with sensitivity analysis regarding the NVP excess risk and other factors. Results Assuming an NVP excess risk of 5% that of smoking, 104.2 thousand SVADs (7.7% reduction) and 2.05 million LYLs (17.3% reduction) are averted during 2017-2080 in the Permissive NVP Scenario compared to the Restricted NVP Scenario. Assuming 40% NVP excess risk, 70 thousand SVADs and 1.2 million LYLs are averted. The impact is sensitive to the rate at which smokers switch to NVPs and quit smoking, and relatively insensitive to the smoking initiation and NVP initiation and cessation rates. Conclusions The model suggests the potential for public health gains to be achieved by relaxing NVP access regulations. However, the model would benefit from better information regarding the impact of NVPs on smoking under a relaxation of current restrictions. Implications Australia has implemented a strong array of cigarette-oriented policies, but has restricted access to nicotine vaping products (NVPs). The Smoking and Vaping Model offers a framework for modeling hypothetical policy scenarios. The Australian model shows the potential for public health gains by maintaining cigarette-oriented policies while relaxing the current restrictive NVP policy. Modeling results under a permissive NVP policy are particularly sensitive to the estimated rates of smoking cessation and switching to vaping, which are not well established and will likely depend on past and future cigarette-oriented policies and the specific NVP policies implemented in Australia.
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8

Rahman, M. A., A. W. Susanto, A. A. Quarashi, A. Raymond, F. F. Taufik, I. Mahmud, M. I. Al Kloub, N. Oli, S. Martini, and Z. Khan. "SHadow Under the Lamp (SHUL): Smoking behavior of the health professionals." European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (September 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1361.

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Abstract Background Smoking cessation is the best option a health professional can offer to the patients for averting the preventable causes of mortality and morbidity. Purpose To determine smoking behavior, preferred cessation methods, and attitudes towards smoking cessation amongst health professionals. Methods The cross-sectional study, conducted in six countries, included doctors and nurses working at different hospital settings. Participants responded anonymously to an online questionnaire. Results Among 1109 participants, 36% were from Saudi Arabia, 14% from Nepal, 14% from Indonesia, 12% from Australia, 12% from Jordan, and 12% from Pakistan. Mean age was 33 years, 61% were females and 58% were nurses. One in eight (12%) was daily smoker. Among current smokers, 42% smoked 2-9 cigarettes/day, and 26% had their first cigarette within 5-30 minutes after waking up. Half of the smokers perceived it as 'very important' to quit smoking, 30% had tried to quit in the last six months, and 31% preferred to have a group quit program with the same health professionals. Only 17% had formal training on smoking cessation, but 57% were interested to receive one. Half of the participants said they (53%) 'always' asked patients if they smoked, but 89% said they advised to quit, 76% said they assessed intention to quit, 28% said they assisted by providing materials on cessation, and 33% said they arranged follow up for cessation. Compared to current smokers, never smokers were more likely to 'always' ask patients if they smoked (78% vs. 22%, p = 0.044, ORs 1.39, 95%CIs 1.01-1.91), assist smokers by setting quit dates (74% vs. 26%, p = 0.039, ORs 1.54, 95%CIs 1.03-2.29), arrange follow up (77% vs. 23%, p = 0.044, ORs 1.40, 95%CIs 1.01-1.94). Conclusions Health professionals reported moderately good behavior around advice to smokers, but it is much worse among current smokers. Health professionals who smoke should be both encouraged to quit and to better support their patients to do so. Key messages Smoking cessation support for patients was not good among health professionals, who were smokers. Health professionals need to quit smoking in order to provide better cessation support for patients.
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9

Mendez, David, and Kenneth E. Warner. "A Magic Bullet? The Potential Impact of E-Cigarettes on the Toll of Cigarette Smoking." Nicotine & Tobacco Research, August 21, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa160.

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Abstract Introduction We examine the proportion of US smoking-produced mortality that e-cigarettes might eliminate under assumptions regarding vaping’s ability to increase smoking cessation, vaping’s health risks, and the possibility that vaping will increase smoking among young people. Methods We employ a dynamic population simulation model that tracks individuals from ages 0 to 110, differentiated by gender and smoking status. Using data from the US Census, the National Vital Statistics Reports, Cancer Prevention Study II, and the National Health Interview Survey, we estimate the number of smoking-related life-years lost (LYL) from 2018 to 2100 in a no-vaping scenario. We then compare results for model runs that assess the impact of vaping under a variety of assumptions. Results The combination of assumptions produces 360 possible scenarios. 357 (99%) yield positive estimates of life-years saved (LYS) due to vaping by 2100, from 143 000 to 65 million. Most scenarios result in millions of individuals quitting smoking due to vaping. On average, vaping-induced quitters gain an extra 1.2–2.0 years of life compared to smokers who quit without vaping. The impact of vaping is greatest when it most helps smokers who otherwise have the greatest difficulty quitting smoking. While the numbers of LYS are generally large across all scenarios, they often represent a small fraction of the toll of smoking. Conclusions Vaping is highly likely to reduce smoking-produced mortality. Still, vaping is not “the” answer to the public health crisis created by smoking. Rather, it may well be a tool to add to the armamentarium of effective tobacco control measures. Implications E-cigarettes hold the potential to reduce cigarette smoking’s enormous toll. By itself, however, tobacco harm reduction, as embodied in vaping, is no magic bullet. Going forward, tobacco control will require vigilant application of the evidence-based measures that have brought us so much success in combatting smoking. It will require, as well, the search for and adoption of novel means of attacking the remaining problem. Harm reduction can, and many would say should, be a part of the complex formula that will eventually bring about the demise of smoking.
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10

Jiang, Heng, Michael Livingston, Robin Room, Yong Gan, Dallas English, and Richard Chenhall. "Can public health policies on alcohol and tobacco reduce a cancer epidemic? Australia's experience." BMC Medicine 17, no. 1 (November 27, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1453-z.

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Abstract Background Although long-term alcohol and tobacco use have widely been recognised as important risk factors for cancer, the impacts of alcohol and tobacco health policies on cancer mortality have not been examined in previous studies. This study aims to estimate the association of key alcohol and tobacco policy or events in Australia with changes in overall and five specific types of cancer mortality between the 1950s and 2013. Methods Annual population-based time-series data between 1911 and 2013 on per capita alcohol and tobacco consumption and head and neck (lip, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and oesophagus), lung, breast, colorectum and anus, liver and total cancer mortality data from the 1950s to 2013 were collected from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and Cancer Council Victoria, the WHO Cancer Mortality Database and the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The policies with significant relations to changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption were identified in an initial model. Intervention dummies with estimated lags were then developed based on these key alcohol and tobacco policies and events and inserted into time-series models to estimate the relation of the particular policy changes with cancer mortality. Results Liquor licence liberalisation in the 1960s was significantly associated with increases in the level of population drinking and thereafter of male cancer mortality. The introduction of random breath testing programs in Australia after 1976 was associated with a reduction in population drinking and thereafter in cancer mortality for both men and women. Meanwhile, the release of UK and US public health reports on tobacco in 1962 and 1964 and the ban on cigarette ads on TV and radio in 1976 were found to have been associated with a reduction in Australian tobacco consumption and thereafter a reduction in mortality from all cancer types except liver cancer. Policy changes on alcohol and tobacco during the 1960s–1980s were associated with greater changes for men than for women, particularly for head and neck, lung and colorectum cancer sites. Conclusion This study provides evidence that some changes to public health policies in Australia in the twentieth century were related to the changes in the population consumption of alcohol and tobacco, and in subsequent mortality from various cancers over the following 20 years.
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Books on the topic "Cigarette smokers Australia Mortality Statistics"

1

Unwin, Elizabeth. Comparison of deaths due to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs in Western Australia and Australia. [Perth, W.A.]: Epidemiology and Analytical Services, Health Information Centre, Health Dept. of Western Australia, 1998.

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Unwin, Elizabeth. Smoking-caused deaths and hospitalisation in Western Australia by health services. [East Perth], W.A: Health Information Centre, Health Dept. of Western Australia, 1997.

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1943-, Peto Richard, Imperial Cancer Research Fund (Great Britain), and World Health Organization, eds. Mortality from smoking in developed countries, 1950-2000: Indirect estimates from national vital statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

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Peto, Richard, Alan D. Lopez, Jillian Boreham, Michael Thun, and Clark Heath. Mortality from Smoking in Developed Countries, 1950-2000: Indirect Estimates from National Statistics (Oxford Medical Publications). Oxford University Press, USA, 1995.

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Associates, Bragg, ed. 1988 smoker/AIDS report for life insurance. Atlanta, Ga. (28 Lenox Pointer, N.E., Atlanta 30324): Bragg Associates, 1988.

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6

California Chronic and Sentinel Diseases Surveillance Program. and California. Dept. of Health Services., eds. The local burden of tobacco: Deaths from smoking in California's cities. [Sacramento]: The Department, 1994.

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B, Cohen Bruce, Massachusetts. Chronic Disease Surveillance Program., Massachusetts. Office for Nonsmoking and Health., and Massachusetts. Bureau of Parent, Child and Adolescent Health., eds. Smoking: Death, disease, and dollars. Boston (150 Tremont St., Boston 02111): Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health, 1991.

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New York (State). Bureau of Epidemiology and Communicable Disease Control., ed. The impact of cigarette smoking in New York State. [Albany?, NY: Bureau of Communicable Disease Control?, 1986.

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