Journal articles on the topic 'Ciel – Aspect social'

The article describes the theoretical basics, origins and present meaning of Polish migration policy, based on chosen migration statistics. It contains the characteristics of the views of the key experts in the field. It explains the meaning of migration policy and its impact on the so-cial security of the country. The article is based on the statistical data of the immigration of people from Ukraine to Poland in comparison with other countries in the years 2010–2018. The article also explains the meaning of the phenomenon of migration and its influence on the labour market.

The article considers tourism as a cultural phenomenon in its morphological aspects. Examines manifestations of tourism in the material and spiritual forms of culture. When lighting the contribution of tourism to the material culture the attention is drawn to all the main areas of its production and technological activities: agriculture, buildings, equipment, transport, communications and technology. Agritourism is provided as a multi-example. Spiritual form of culture within the tourism perspective is revealed primarily through the category of «knowledge.» On concrete examples explores how tourism af ects its acquisition and accumulation. At the same time takes into account all the essential areas of knowledge: practical, scientif c, religious, gaming and mythological. It’s shown how tourism is implemented in the main tasks of the culture, such as the creation of artif cial habitat and transmission of cultural inheritance. It is proved that tourism is an incentive for the development and creation of many new features that form artif cial (cultural) human habitat. Sending the same social inheritance is the most evidently made in the cultural, educational and religious tourism. Much attention is paid to the functions of culture, which f nd their refraction in tourism: epistemological, regulatory, adaptive, semiotic and axiological. But the most complete disclosure of the work is the communicative function. Its example examines the role of tourism in cross-cultural communication. Expanding the types of culture, correlating with the main areas of public life, it is indicated how a tourist, who faces manifestations of dif erent culture can change his mental and behavioral paradigms. In process of levels of culture analysis (vital, specialized and full cultures) it’s revealed that specialized level tourism but mostly empathic levels of culture act as a powerful factor in the humanization of culture. Given the importance of tourism as a cultural phenomenon.

Evoluciones del desarrollo de la ciudad de Mar del Plata en los últimos cien años, relacionando el aspecto población y el espacial; analizando el fenómeno urbano. En el análisis realizado a través de los distintos capítulos del libro incorpora las dimensiones política, económica, jurídica, social, poblacional, y estas son analizadas multidisciplinarmente dentro del marco de las Ciencias Sociales. Podemos decir que abarca el fenómeno urbano teniendo en cuenta la historia, demografía, estadística, sociología, analizando el fenómeno de la ciudad de Mar del Plata.

RésumésLes historiens de la pensée économique et les économistes ont souvent décrit notre vision actuelle de l’économie ainsi que la science économique, censée transposer cette vision en termes rigoureux, comme l’aboutissement d’un double processus : toutes deux seraient le fruit, d’une part, du développement de la rationalité européenne et, d’autre part, de la modernisation/sécularisation de la pensée économique prémoderne (c’est-à-dire médiévale). Le développement de la rationalité économique européenne a donc été envisagé et représenté comme la victoire sur les conceptions économiques propres au Moyen Âge et à l’époque moderne, et ce par des auteurs aux points de vue très variés. On peut toutefois avancer une autre interprétation de l’évolution des langages économiques européens et de l’histoire de la « pensée économique » occidentale entre le Moyen Âge et la modernité, autrement dit entre le xve et le xviiie siècle. Selon cette perspective alternative, sur le plan formel, certains aspects de la science économique moderne (et, plus généralement, de la modernisation économique de l’Occident) résulteraient plutôt de l’incorporation et de la mise en œuvre systématique, durant l’époque moderne, de composants linguistiques/politiques hérités de la prémodernité. Ces composants consistent en des métaphores, des images et des allégories qui représentent la croissance ou la stagnation économique, de même que les asymétries économiques et les disparités sociales, comme participant d’un équilibre organique, fondé sur un ordre naturel ou providentiel. Ce système métaphorique de notions, ancré à l’origine dans une syntaxe conceptuelle issue du discours théologique, fut traduit en un langage qui, en convertissant les métaphores économiques en lois de l’économie, dissimulait leur sens historique et politique. L’imaginaire économique prémoderne pouvait alors être réactivé sous la forme d’une rhétorique qui représentait les asymétries économiques comme la conséquence naturelle et nécessaire d’un ordre économique rationnel et vérifiable.

This article analyzes the nature of the change in basic values in the social system of Russian society. The au-thor uses a civilizational approach to analyze social changes in the institution of family and marriage. From the perspective of the civilizational analysis of the social phenomena faced by the modern Russian family, the so-cial factors affecting millions of families of Russian society as an integral system are actualized. New indicators of the effectiveness of the social institution of family and marriage and their conditionality are related to the structure of human needs in the increasingly complex multicultural process of interaction between different civilizations. The article presents data from the results of regional sociological studies in 2014 and 2022. The object of the study are residents of the Amur region. The relevance of the article is related to the analysis of the rate of spread in the mass consciousness of civilizational values and meanings that are not peculiar to the Eastern Orthodox civilization, to which Russia belongs.

Human being cannot separate by a social problem. There is social problem on rural and urban area. But, more problems arise in urban than rural area. Base of it, the Urban Management have implementing as a management process to make an ideal city system as like as something was expected. The focus of urban management is closely connecting with the needs of the physical aspects, social and economic aspect of communities. The pattern of its management is highly related to the level of complexity of urban problems which related to a number of factors and challenges, such as population, high level on urbanization, Poverty increasing/minimally of employment opportunities, increasing of social inequality/economic inequality, declining of environmental quality in urban area, and ability human resources lim- itation, institutionally and fundrising for develop and to maintain the urban infrastructure. So- cial policy basically is a combination of two activities, discovering) and finding a solution for social problem (Bessant, et al 2009:3). In this case, integrated social policies in the academic scientific activities such as research using to find social issue such as poverty, that research will using to policy formulating. But sometime, government showed opposite. That was a break- through made with the means to anticipated a number of potential act which any time become to threaten. It includes several stages, as like as movement, awareness of unity among them, make an organization, tightened them line, all of that using to fight against an intervention of the officer. There are two Factors that influence to the existence of street vendors in the city of Denpasar. First aspects including problem through regulation, facilities and infrastructure, also human resources management. Another aspects is socio-cultural and economical factors

The impact of cultural and gender diversity of boards of directors on meeting the interests of stake-holders is examined. In particular, this is greater attention on the part of the board of directors to so-cial issues and welfare improvement, various aspects of the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which undoubtedly has a positive impact on the performance of the company as a whole

The final article is a consideration of democracy at the stage of a mature state, which already acts as an organ-ic form of political organization of a particular society, without which the given society itself cannot exist in prin-ciple. The key process of this stage of domestic political genesis is the growth of bureaucracy, which at the pre-sent stage acts as both the thesis and antithesis of social development to a comparable extent. Bureaucratiza-tion, going beyond the framework of management structures, penetrates deeply into other spheres, largely modifying their essential meaning and subordinating all new social segments to its logic. This is reflected in the forms of democracy that come under the pressure of administrative paperwork. At the same time, democracy manifests itself in forms largely determined not only by the political, but also by the social and cultural envi-ronment. Being a reaction to a power vacuum, people’s power is formed under the influence of cultural-ideological or power tendencies, and its implementation can lead to ambiguous consequences, including so-cial chaotization.

As the title implies the article describes social consciousness as an abstract notion and as a phenomenon. The importance of understanding the universal laws and principles underlying social consciousness, as well as the interdependence of its abstract and concrete manifestations, is stated. The methodology and organization of the study involves an integrated approach (dialectical, analytical, phenomenological). G. Hegel’s philosophy serves as a methodological basis. It is stressed that the novelty of the study consists in the consideration of so-cial consciousness as a theoretical construct, an abstract idea (concept) and empirical reality (phenomenon). The essence of social consciousness is revealed in the context of its formal and content aspects. Individual subjectivity of consciousness in the context of broader social and cultural systems that form the nature of self-consciousness and its connection with morality is revealed. The concept of social consciousness is presented as a complex phenomenon encompassing the system of attitudes, beliefs, values and norms that exist in so-ciety and influence the behavior of its members.

The article is dedicated to the promotion of legal aspects of the social protection of the citizens of Ukraine in the minds of the military camp. It is clear that the peculiarities of social risks, which are blamed in the minds of overarching situations, are considered to be a group of sovereign-political risks, which are characterized by a high level of insecurity for life and non-negotiable physical, material and moral costs. Emphasis is placed on the priority rights of the social protection in the minds of military aggression against Ukraine. At the same time, it is naked on the need for a steel defense against traditional social risks.I mean respect for the nurturing of legal regulation in the sphere of social protection in the minds of the higher minds. Classical characteristics of the method of legal regulation of the right of social protection are given. It has been established that in the minds of the war the key aspect of legal regulation in the sphere of social protection against spontaneous social risks is insanely the factor of the hour. It was determined that, in order to increase the effi ciency of the operational legal regulation of the organization of social protection against the victims of the war, it was ensured that the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine take legal decisions on food. The author analyzed the installation of additional legal guarantees in the sphere of the defense of the citizens during the war period to become unemployed. The aspects of fi nancial security of the change in the order of implementation of the rights of citizens in the sphere of social insurance on the way of unemployment have been completed. The legal decision to the body of the constitutional jurisdiction of the hundred-fold exchange of social and labor payments for the minds of the military or the super-offi cial camp was reviewed. Additional social guarantees were appointed for the citizens of Ukraine, with a method of defending against social risks in the minds of the war. Respect is attached to the procedural aspects of the realization of the right to social defense in the minds of the military camp. Analyzed are the changes in the civil legislation how to clear the minds of the sphere of realizing the right of the citizens to social defense. The author concludes that the reduction of the availability of social guarantees of the rights of the citizens in the minds of the wartime is provided with elements of the digital transformation of the state. Key words: social protection, martial law, social risk, social benefi ts, digitalization

The primary importance in the development of business ideas is the analysis of the available prospects for their implementation in specific social conditions, their significance for the population and their demand from them. The article attempts to consider the theoretical features of social assessment of the impact of a commer-cial enterprise project on the lives of citizens. It is emphasized that it is of a long-term nature and, due to the uncertainty of the objects of such analysis, has no uniform standards and criteria for implementation. In other words, social assessment should be carried out objectively in accordance with each individual case. The theo-retical framework of social assessment is also used in considering the implementation of the Starbucks Indus-trial Park project in Kunshan from several points of view. In particular, its social impact on the use of land and labor, as well as on the development of the coffee business in China and the spread of coffee culture are dis-cussed. In general, as a result of our assessment, it turns out that this project will not have a negative impact on the environment, and the salary system encourages its employees. The implementation of the project indicates that Starbucks is still trying to move the coffee business forward in the Chinese market, which is theoretically useful for the spread of coffee culture in China.

The article is devoted to the consideration of theoretical and methodological aspects of social security as a special phenomenon of society’s life activity. The main approaches to the study of social security are revealed, the definition of this concept is given. The influence of digitalization on the transformation of socio-cultural pro-cesses associated with the formation of a new social environment is investigated, the dynamics of the digitali-zation process in Russia is revealed. The key processes of the influence of digital technologies on various spheres of society are identified and described, technical-economic, information-technological and social types of risks of digitalization are analyzed. Particular attention is focused on identifying objective and subjective so-cial risks of digital inequality, which increase the polarization of the population and its stratification in the condi-tions of the formation of a digital society. The conclusion is made about the need for large-scale institutional transformations aimed at strengthening the social security of the Russian society, the directions for improving this activity in the conditions of the formation of digital reality are proposed.

One of the greatest challenges of the twenty-first century in most countries is the aging of the population and especially for developed countries. In Latin America and specifically in Colombia this phenomenon has been happening in an accelerated manner and in deficit economic conditions that make the phenomenon more special and can become a public health problem of great magnitude. Demographically the population groups over 50 years of age increase significantly, with those over 80 years of age being the group with the highest growth rate of the entire population. Between 2021 and 2030 The United Nations declared the Decade of Healthy Aging; a strategy that seeks to add the possible efforts in all areas of development, to improve the quality of life of the elderly and in general seek the sustainability of the entire population. In the case of human beings, the aging process must be considered differently from each individual and is related to the effects of their entire life history. “Knowing how to grow old is the masterpiece of wisdom” (Old age and life). This document brings together the most relevant aspects of how people from their young ages could make responsible actions for that older person that we all carry inside, adopting a diet with the necessary nutrients, but eating thoroughly, and identifying the main benefits of physical activity indicated by a professional, periodic and safe, establishing and strengthening family and social support networks, seeking in a programmed way their economic stability, formulating a meaningful life project that energizes existence until the end of days, exercising their mind even with the daily activities of day to day.

We study historiographic sources on one of the most urgent and of public importance, the agrarian history of Russia – collectivization of the agricultural sector in the black earth village. The purpose of the study is to examine the main articles and monographs devoted to the problem under study, to analyze domestic and foreign sources on the institutional and social dimensions is-sues in the course of collectivization. In this research we present and summarize the main conclu-sions of researchers about the historical experience of agrarian reforms carried out by the Soviet government during collectivization. The historiography of this issue is traditionally divided into four stages: works of the 1930s, works of the middle1950s – middle1960s, articles and mono-graphs of the second half of the 1960s – 1980s and the modern stage. During this period, more at-tention was paid to the topic of institutional transformation in the studies. The collectivization so-cial dimension has rarely been understood, mostly since the 1980s. Complement the domestic his-toriography of the work of foreign researchers: S. Fitzpatrick, M. Levin, S. Rosefield, E.H. Carr-Robert, W. Davis and S.G. Wheatcroft, A. Graziosi, P. Gregory and others. In their works, they explore the social, political, demographic aspects that accompanied the collectiviza-tion of the Soviet village. Analysis of domestic and foreign historiongraphy allows us to prepare a synthesis of scientific papers on the problems of Soviet agrarian reforms 1928–1930s.

Calafate (Berberis microphylla G. Forst) is a wild bush plant widely distributed in the south of Argentina and Chile. Their blue colored fruits present particular flavor and health benefits attributed to high polyphenol contents biosynthesized by the plant under stress. Studies about correlation of abiotic conditions with anthocyanin profiles and physicochemical features of calafate beneath wild origin environment are not described yet. Hence, this research aimed to evaluate the physicochemical changes, antioxidant activity and anthocyanin content of calafate fruit in relationship to UV solar radiation (W.m−2) and air temperature (°C) environment condition during three consecutive years (2017, 2018, 2019). Variations in fruit anthocyanins were determined by comparison between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD-ESI)/MSn and CIEL*a*b* colors parameters. Correlations were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). Radiation was negatively correlated with fruit size and weight. Physicochemical aspects such as pH, soluble solids, color, total anthocyanins, flavanols and other phenolic compounds were positively correlated with temperature changes. The quantities of monomeric anthocyanins were dependent on both low temperature and global radiation (reaching 20.01 mg g−1 FW in calafate fruit). These results constitute a valuable resource to understand the structural and physiological plasticity of calafate in facing climate changes for future domestication research as well as for agri-food industrial application.

There can be no doubt that computer games are artefacts with an increasing importance for our culture. Game design is one of the prime movers for the development of information technology and is leading the way for other sectors. Computer games have brought us cultural activities that were technically impossible before. We now have the possibility to manipulate and interact with people from all over the world in a virtual game space constituted of realistic photographic images. These new activities have created some uneasiness among educators, researchers, designers and parents who have raised a variety of arguments about the effects of computer games on childhood. Many have strong beliefs that the use of computer games can contribute to different aspects of children's development. On the other hand, there is an even stronger anxiety that computer games have negative social and cognitive effects on children. Even though this means that there is a clear need for research on the issue of computer games as a part of contemporary childhood, academic study in this area has been divided, with fragments of knowledge scattered over a wide field of different discourses and traditions. In this article, the authors seek to summarise and discuss some of the studies and theoretical arguments about children and computer games. In order to do this, they outline and sketch some of the different empirical findings and research traditions that they find relevant for the understanding of computer games as a part of childhood. The purpose of this is to contribute with an overview that can be utilised as a resource for educators, parents, designers and others who deal with matters concerning children and computer games.

La problemática social y ambiental derivada del nuevo extractivismo minero va en aumento, para enfrentarla se han generado procesos de resistencia y lucha a nivel local y regional que han integrado temas de defensa del patrimonio histórico, planeación regional, proyectos en base a derechos humanos y ambientales, recuperación y re-existencia de modos de vida campesinos, entre otros. En los múltiples casos donde se ha impuesto esta mega-minería devastadora se ha puesto a la orden del día la necesidad de un enfoque de recuperación, no sólo en el aspecto físico-material y de restauración de suelos de los sitios mineros, sino en una perspectiva que parta de los procesos históricos tanto comunitarios como regionales, sus formas de sobrevivencia y lucha para regenerar la propia vida de los sitios y restaurar el tejido social.

Una parte importante del atractivo de la Arqueología ha venido desde el uso recurrente de estereotipos en los medios audiovisuales, especialmente en los no creados por arqueólogos. Sin embargo, un uso responsable, unido a una creación reflexionada, por parte de profesionales del Patrimonio y la Arqueología, puede llevar a la transformación de los audiovisuales existentes en unos más pensados que contribuyan de forma directa a la valoración social del arqueólogo y por consiguiente a la mejora de sus condiciones legales y laborales. Este aspecto so- cial, no obstante, es sólo una parte de las aplicaciones de una poco desarrollada Arqueología Audiovisual, que junto a las mejoras en divulgación, puesta en valor, o valoración social de yacimientos y arqueólogos, propone el uso de audiovi- suales que sirvan de herramienta científica para mejorar los sistemas de registro en Arqueología, la planificación de intervenciones arqueológicas, la gestión de equipos de trabajo, la clasificación y análisis de materiales en laboratorio, o las ya mencionadas vertientes social y divulgativa. Todo ello nos permitirá plantear nue- vas formas de innovación científica y social, que serán una evolución de la meto- dología existente y que representarán sin lugar a dudas un hito y unas herramien- tas susceptibles de ser usadas para salvaguardar información, mejorar su análisis, y en general, perfeccionar el trabajo arqueológico de una forma real, práctica y funcional, que llegue a un público mayor, y que repercuta en el cambio de un amplio campo compuesto por elementos sociales, divulgativos, económicos y laborales, legales, o científicos dentro de las llamadas Arqueologías Creativas.

<p>Currently there is an indication of crisis of self-identity/national­<br />identity. This is remarked by blurred social solidarity, kinship, and so­<br />cial friendliness in line with reinforced materialism values. To re­<br />strenghten self-identity I national-identity, government and society try<br />to discover values in manuscripts. Manuscripts are past cultural trea­<br />sures that full of noble values. This research aimed to discover and to<br />re-actualize noble values in a manuscript as an improvement and <br />strengthen model of social solidarity, kinship and social friendliness<br />values that tend to blur.</p><p>This research examined a manuscript entitled Cilinaya. This manu­<br />script is a Sasak's Islamic manuscript stored in West Nusa Tenggara<br />Museum. The aim of current research are to discover Islamic thoughts<br />in Sasak 's manuscript expected to contain noble values as a source of<br />improvement and strengthening social solidarity, kinship and social<br />friendliness that currently are blurring. The research used philology<br />approach and content analysis with Roland Barthes' semiotic<br />postructural method to discover cultural codes in this literature work.</p><p>The results showed that (I) Cilinaya manuscript of such palm leaves<br />is one of Sasak's syncretism Islamic literature works. It contents Is­<br />lamic and Hinduism substances as well as local custom. (2) Islamic<br />substances in Cilinaya manuscript are oneness and morals. Oneness<br />related to oneness of God (Allah), while morals related to human being<br />interrelationship. This moral aspect regulated moral ethics and behav­<br />ioral rules in their society life. ( 3) Hinduism and custom aspects in this <br />manuscript covered different human being classes based on caste and<br />presenting offerings to God and considered God as a point to asking<br />and prayerful for help.</p>

As a result of everyday social activities, people constantly come into relationships with each other. This type of relationship may not be regulated at all (exist on the basis of morals, traditions, etc.), or it may not exist without a certain legal regulation, which is supported by the power of the state. Violation of these regulations constitutes an offense. Offenses have negative consequences for various spheres of public life, they cause damage to both society and the state. In modern conditions, there is a tendency to increase the number of offenses in society. This situation stimulates the study of the causes and conditions of committing offenses, both of certain types of offenses, and of all illegal acts in general. The work considers the main causes and conditions of offenses, and also provides a clear distinction of such terms as “cause”, “condition” and “reason”. The main role in the fight against offenses, including the activities to identify and eliminate the causes and conditions of committing illegal acts, belongs to law enforcement agen-cies. But in the current circumstances, this is not enough, so it is necessary to pay attention to other mechanisms and ways to eliminate the causes and conditions of violations and effectively use them.

Attention is focused on the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship in solving economic and so-cial problems based on the differences between social entrepreneurship and traditional business -the social effect is a direct result of the activity of a social enterprise as opposed to a by-product of activi-ty that can be included during the implementation of other types of entrepreneurial activity. It was de-termined that social entrepreneurship is an active entrepreneurial activity, a full-fledged business that solves social problems and creates stable social value, and the conditions for classifying business enti-ties as social enterprises were analyzed.The criteria on the basis of which entrepreneurship is defined as social are outlined -pro-nounced entrepreneurial activity, clear definition of goals, directing profit to achieve defined goals, social impact, innovations and systemic changes -and factors influencing the distribution of the profit of such an enterprise.The state of development of social entrepreneurship in Poland is analyzed and examples of the successful functioning of various types of social enterprises are given in order to solve the urgent problems currently facing Ukraine -the need to adapt internally displaced persons; employment of people with special needs; an increase in the number of people who need social services; employment of the population with the use and further development of available resources; disruption of the coun-try's energy system.The composition of social enterprises of Ukraine was analyzed according to the following criteria: type of social enterprise, region of activity, organizational form of activity, distribution of enterprise profit.The main obstacles to the development of social entrepreneurship are identified -confusion re-garding the definition of the concept of "social entrepreneurship", ambiguity in the understanding of the role of social enterprises, reluctance to start and carry out economic activities among non-profit organizations, poor economic condition of social enterprises, etc. –and positive aspects of activity in the field of social entrepreneurship -the presence of support from European funds for the activity of social enterprises; growing attention to the activities of social enterprises as an effective tool for solving urgent social and economic problems.

Las luchas sociales y políticas que inician con las reformas políticas de los gobiernos liberales en la década del treinta del siglo pasado, fueron caldo de cultivo de los acontecimientos que se van suceder durante los siguientes años del siglo XX en Colombia. Este artículo conmemora los cien años del nacimiento de Apolinar Díaz Callejas, intelectual y político del Caribe colombiano, a partir una reconstrucción histórica de su trasegar en la vida pública como activista sindical y político, y por supuesto, también de su obra. En el aspecto intelectual se resalta su periodo de formación política y de activista sindical y social. Y en la vida política se menciona el rol que desempeñó para implementación de la reforma agraria promulgada en la ley 135 de 1961, en el gobierno de Alberto Lleras Camargo, y que solo pudo concretarse en parte durante el gobierno de Carlos Lleras Restrepo. Todo, gracias al nombramiento de Apolinar en la gobernación de recién creado departamento de Sucre. De igual modo, se resalta las luchas de este intelectual como congresista en defensa de la reforma agraria y de ser vocero de las necesidades de los municipios del sur del departamento de Sucre, ubicados en las regiones del bajo río San Jorge y Mojana, regiones en ese entonces desconocidas para el país.

The increasing number of street children is one of the most serious social problems facing Ethiopia today. As many as 200,000 children may be living on the streets. Studies in other countries have shown the importance of understanding sexual attitudes and behaviour among street children, particularly with regard to HIV/Aids. However in Ethiopia almost all studies of adolescent sexuality and HIV/Aids have been conducted among high school and college students. Out-of-school and street children, who are much less accessible, have been neglected. This study in Dessie, a provin-cial town in Ethiopia, is part of the research for an ongoing PhD project titled ‘Ethnography of Sex: An Exploration of the Socio-economic and Cultural Context of Sexuality and HIV/Aids among Ethiopian Youth’. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) with a total of 30 street children, as well as numerous informal talks and discussions, were conducted during the fieldwork period between October 2001 and February 2002. The study reveals the importance of understanding young people’s sexual behaviour not as a matter of isolated, individual risk-taking, but as aspects of collective behaviour deeply embedded in their way of life.

The exhibition entitled The Family of Man, which was designed by Edward Steichen and presented for the fi rst time in 1955 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, belongs to the most famous and most controversial photographic expositions of the 20th century. Usually perceived in the light of the anachronistic, West-centric vision of humanism, i.e. as an embodiment of Modernist views on photography, it constitutes a good example of the museum’s infl uence as a Modernist “social instrument”. However, contemporary theories in exhibition studies offer a more complex interpretation. The present work provides insight into this process by referring to the views of Mieke Bal (on the “cinematic effect” of photographic exhibitions, the narrative and relational aspect of expositions), Fred Turner (on the space of an avant-garde exhibition as the realisation of the political and social idea of a “democratic personality”) and Ariella Azoulay (on exhibition space as a “visual declaration of human rights” and the fi eld for a “photographic social contract”). The primary aim of the present article is to set The Family of Man within the framework of Polish exhibition practices. The complex origins of the American project can be traced back to avant-garde experiments with exhibition space conducted in the Bauhaus movement and in Soviet Constructivism (the psychology of perception, “photo-murals”); the analysis focuses on the political and propagandistic aspects. An analysis of the above issues provides the starting point for considering the signifi cance and probable reception of the exhibition’s spatial arrangement in the milieu of Polish architects and designers as well as its Polish variant as prepared by Stanisław Zamecznik and Wojciech Fangor. It was therefore useful to refer to Oskar Hansen and his theory of Open Form, as he cooperated with Zamecznik and Fangor at the time. Models of avant-garde and Modernist “utopian thinking” are juxtaposed, thus making it possible to perceive the process of reception in the light of its effectiveness. The article also discusses The Family of Man as a model for projects with propaganda undertones, i.e. the so-called “problem-oriented exhibitions”. It mentions attempts at adapting Steichen’s design of exhibition space to the needs of the offi cial narrative in the People’s Republic of Poland. Finally, it uncovers the ambivalent nature of the infl uence of The Family of Man and the dual status of the exhibition as both a propagandistic project and as an anti-systemic space supporting the ideal of a creative, free individual.

We consider the multifactorial effects of the military class, including the soldiers of the Russian army and their families, as well as indefinite, spare and retired soldiers, military disabled, on the social and cultural, ethnic and confessional, social and class development of the Central Black Earth Region. Included in it Voronezh, Kursk, Orel and Tambov Governorates were the largest densely populated, agricultural regions, traditionally used by the government for military procurement, cantonment of troops and other military mobilization activities in the Russian Em-pire in the 18th – early 20th century. The military factor had almost continuous impact on all as-pects of life of the Central Black Earth Region population, forming in its inhabitants a special character, endurance and stamina, which allowed to be quite successful in a peaceful, “non-military” life. We give the evaluation of historiographical approaches and interpretation of sources on the role of the military class in the Center Black Earth Region development in domestic and foreign historiography. We pay special attention to the impact of recruitment on the daily life of the population in the cities of the region and rural areas. We reveal the historical and legal aspects of changes in the legal status of male and female representatives of the “military class” in the agrarian society in the Imperial Russia. We clarify military and statistical indicators of military class representation in the social structure of the provincial society during the period of conscript obligation and in post-reform Russia, as well as the complexity of accounting for family members of military servicemen during the service and after retirement. The involvement of archival docu-ments, statistical and other published materials allowed for a successful reconstruction of the so-cial and legal regulation and the position of the military class in the Center Black Earth Region of the considered chronological period. We draw conclusions about the prospects of studying the post-reform ethnic and social, social and cultural, class and legal features of the military class life in a non-belligerent provincial society. We prove that the military class was a special social institu-tion in the Russian province of the Imperial period of Russian history.

The problem statement concerns the actual issues of raising the status of the intellectual component of the Humanities education within the framework of the author’s investigation on “Cultural self-determination of the individual in the space of realization of intercultural communication”. The conditions of modeling communicative situations of the ecosystem of multicultural education are determined in the paradigm “From observation to generalization and replication through cooperation”. The focus of this paper is on the strategic and tactic directions of the development of Russian education within the methodology and technology of the Self as a cultural personality. Socio-philosophical perception and theoretical justifi cation of the problem under consideration have given grounds for mastering the communicative culture of the individual in the frames of intellectual architectonics of multilingual culture as the methodological basis of the many years of activity. The multicultural intellectual architectonics refl ects a humanizing core of the regional information and educational spaces. The social signifi cance of the formation of a multicultural mindset of the personality initiates creating of one of the possible models of the ecosystems of the synergetic effect of co-management in a communicative society. The presentation of the effects of cooperation of the Department of the Institute of Continuing Education, educational organizations of Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk region, domestic publishers, as well as the effects of cooperation of regional, All-Russian and international universities is carried out within the framework of the project “Creating a unifi ed information and educational secure communication environment”. As the fi nal result of the generalization, the corpus of case-studies is considered, and the system of conditions for their implementation is substantiated as a multidimensional humanitarian project in the aspect of the integration of society and the reproduction of culture within the humanitarian educational practices. Such features of students’ perception of a different culture as the development of multilingualism and multicultures in artifi cial conditions of mastering the communicative skills of implementing the basics of intercultural communication are noted. Special emphasis focuses on the social signifi cance and cultural mission of educational organizations in the aspect of modeling the corpus of vital communicative situations/events in the space of scientifi c and methodological support within the socio-humanitarian sphere of regional events. In conclusion, the system of methodological, pedagogical and methodological conditions for the effective implementation of the author’s model for the formation of intercultural skills and teaching/learning techniques of intercultural communication, which form the basis for the development of additional professional programs in the system of continuing professional education of specialists in various fi elds, is formulated.

Introduction. The article investigates the conceptual problems of interaction of law and morality in the context of modern value and ideological realities. Expanding the space of freedom in a democratic legal development, the rapid nature of scientific and technological progress, comprehensive informatization of all spheres and spheres of public life, increasing social inequality and other crisis realities of today objectively require clarifi cation and rethinking issues of interaction and interconnection of different social regulators, in particular, law and moral, the rules of which regulate the greatest number of social relations. The aim of the article. The purpose of this article is to identify the main problems of interaction of law and morality in the context of the socio-cultural realities of today. Results. In our opinion, problems of interaction of law and morality in modern realities are due to the transformation of understanding of the essence and nature of social norms in general and, in particular, its moral component, which increasingly loses its transcendent, absolute origins, thus becoming more democratic, individualistic, capable of endless meaningful experiments. and the perception of many alternatives. Among the specifi c features of the moral life of modern democratic society in the scientifi c literature are rightly noted such features as moral pluralism, development of professional and corporate codes of ethics (institutionalization of morality), the division of morality by ethnicity, orientation of moral requirements to a certain external standard, which opposes the traditional moral call for unlimited human self-improvement in a Christian or religious context, as well as a utilitarian approach that involves decision-making based on the so-called logic of lesser evil. In the context of these aspects, it can be argued that not morality as a special socionormative phenomenon converges with law, but its understanding and interpretation within modern discourse is fully consistent with the legal sphere of public life, whose mission is to serve purely utilitarian needs and interests of society and citizens, their material well-being. At the same time, morality as an objective socio-normative phenomenon that constitutes the highest value-teleological priorities of spiritual improvement of the individual, on the contrary, is increasingly moving away from the content of modern law, which has lost the status of a stable and solid basis for enduring moral values in public life. The loss of clear criteria for distinguishing between good and evil, morally permissible and inadmissible actions of people, measuring human happiness only by the degree of possession of a person’s material goods, etc., has led not only to the fact that law can solve only some practical problems of local nature, but also to the fact that today the law actually plays the role of one of the important factors of moral regression of society. The latter is manifested, in particular, in the strengthening of the global trend of legal regulation of such morally shameful phenomena as euthanasia, same-sex marriage, prostitution, and so on. At the same time, the logic of providing legal guarantees for such phenomena is based, as a rule, on a purely economic calculation and the need to ensure the fullest possible freedom of individual choice. Conclusions. Modern realities of legal systems, based only on the idea of ensuring and protecting human rights and freedoms, determine the equivalence of all lifestyles, each individual choice, because there are no general universal grounds for determining which way of life brings more benefi ts and happiness, and which is less. This normative approach, due to which traditional moral values have undergone signifi cant revision and even destruction, deprives the individual of life of relationships with the relevant social whole, denies or at least negates the importance of fi nding the ideal of moral development of the individual, the goals of his spiritual activity. Thus, the modern legal system, the development of which is infl uenced by the fundamental importance of liberal values of public life and the inversion of its moral component, must solve many additional problems in the process of its impact on the moral aspect of social relations, in particular, when deciding on the admissibility of prostitution, euthanasia, genetic engineering, artifi cial intelligence, etc. Key words: law, morality, human rights, ideology, legal norm, social regulation.

Resumen: En el presente artículo indago sobre el fenó- meno de la violencia y lo analizo en su estructura fun- cional y conceptual con el propósito de continuar la deconstrucción que hacen el feminismo y la teoría de género, entendiendo por género la amplitud de la dife- rencia sexual, es decir, las múltiples formas der darse el ser sexual. Evidencio dicho fenómeno de la violencia como causa a la vez que efecto del orden simbólico, so- cial, económico, político y cultural de Occidente. Es así como expongo la violencia como resultado de la funda- mentación conceptual de la categorización del mundo sexual, producto a su vez de la bipolaridad extrema de la categoría de lo humano; visibilizando así, una repro- ducción esquemática que legitima el ejercicio pleno de la violencia en su amplitud conceptual, pero que designa como blancos, a cuerpos precisos.Palabras claves: violencia, diferencia humana, sexo, género, deconstrucción.Why Still Gender Violence? A Conceptual Answer to Persecution against Those Who Do Not Fit into the Categories of Man or Woman Abstract: In the present article I analyze the phenomenon of violence, its functional and conceptual structure, in order to further the deconstruction operated by feminism and gender theory, understanding gender as the full gamut of sexual difference, i.e. the many forms taken by sexual being. The phenomenon of violence is evidenced as both cause and effect of the symbolic order in the West, in its social, economic, political and cultural aspects. Thus I present violence as a result of the conceptual basis for the categorization of the sexual world, due in turn to the extreme bipolarity of the category of the human, thereby making visible a schematic reproduction that fully legitimates violence in its conceptual scope, but which designates specific bodies as its targets.Keywords: violence, human difference, sex, gender, deconstruction.

Introduction: Starting from the Middle Age, the need for discipline and adequate regulation and control has required the most important hospitals to produce spe-cial sets of rules, which helped an orderly performance of all administrative and assistance activities of these institutions. In this context, the paper is focused on the "Grande Ospedale e Nuovo" (GON) (today, the Benfratelli Hospital in Palermo), that has been equipped with a set of regulation (Chapters), since its origins in 1431. Aim of the work: The aim of the work is to offer an understanding of how account-ing supported the administration of GON within the power dynamic involving civil and religious authorities. Methodological approach: The paper is based on an archival research. A series of primary sources gathered from the historical archive of the GON have been ana-lysed. In particular, the Chapters issued in 1431, 1442, 1610, 1624 and 1722, which refers to accounting and accountability rules on both financial and non-financial information, have been fundamental primary sources for the investiga-tion. To reach the aim of this work, the study of GON Chapters has been comple-mented with the analysis of a complex of tools, care practices and other aspects of GON life. Main findings: The study permits to show the profound transformation of GON and its administrative changes. It elucidates the role of accounting in the complex power dynamic at work in that context, revealing not only a function of State appa-ratus of the hospital, but also showing how accounting supported the control ex-erted by the Pope, the Archbishop and the religious orders involved (Benedictines and Capuchins). Originality: Exploring the interrelation between accounting and State power in the health care field, the paper has offered a novel contribution related to the Italian context, showing the critical role of accounting practices in supporting the political and social reason of the institution, as connected to public and private support.

A significant number of scientific works by foreign and domestic scientists are devoted to studying the problems of the development of the company's organizational culture and the search for ways to transform the company's organizational culture in the conditions of globalization. An essential factor in increasing the competitiveness of a modern company, on the one hand, and one of the strategic resources of the company's development is precisely its organizational culture. In current economic science, the study of the essence of the concept of corporate culture, its components, mechanisms of formation, and development of the company's organizational culture occupies a leading place in both theoretical and practical aspects of the activities of modern companies. This study aims to identify and analyze the features and components of the development of the company's organizational culture. Organizational culture has a relatively significant influence on employees and the entire company's activities. Corporate culture allows you to develop and maintain a stable social and psychological climate in the team. It ensures the strength and development of the organization, including the development of personnel competen-cies. Developing organizational culture is an essential process of every company's activity. It is this factor that will depend on the efficiency of the enterprise in the future. A high degree of compatibility with the organization's strategy and culture is an essential factor in the organization's competitiveness, success, and development. The sequence of developing the compa-ny's organizational culture was proposed, which included four stages. The first stage is the organization of work on develop-ing the company's corporate culture. The second stage is planning the development of organizational culture. The third stage is administrative and regulatory support for developing the company's organizational culture. In addition, the fourth stage is the implementation of measures to establish the company's corporate culture. Keywords: organizational culture, development of organizational culture, stages of development of organizational culture, main competitive advantages of the company.

Quando se trata de aspectos relacionados à Educação no Brasil, faz-se necessário observar a trajetória percorrida até a chamada “democratização” do Ensino nos dias atuais. Assim, é fundamental voltar o olhar ao Brasil-Império, que trouxe consigo o ideário de que “não convém uma educação tão mole a quem há de servir à República, de pés e de mãos, por toda a vida”, considerando, nesses termos, que a educação formal deveria ser um privilégio das camadas dirigentes. Esse parece ser o cerne do dualismo no ensino, afinal, segundo imposições sociais, determina-se o tipo de ensino conforme a origem de classe dos indivíduos. Sob essa ótica, surgiram as Escolas de Aprendizes Artífices, direcionadas aos “desvalidos da fortuna”, e mais tarde foram transformadasem Escolas Técnicas, Centros Federais de Educação Tecnológica, passando por uma transformação mais radical quando da implantação dos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, que carregam consigo uma proposta, cuja práxis imprime um movimento de combate ao dualismo por meio da oferta do Ensino Médio Integrado, visto que os cursos conferem aos egressos uma profissão em conjunto com a formação humana integral, aspecto este que abre caminho à classe trabalhadora a itinerários formativos também em nível superior e atuação em pesquisa científica, perspectiva antes negada ou dificultada às classes socialmente menos favorecidas.Palavras-chave: Formação do Brasil. Divisão de Classes. Dualismo no Ensino. Education inBrazil: the dualism rooted since Brazil-Empire and the movement of rupture from the Integrated Secondary Education of the Federal InstitutesABSTRACTWhen it comes to aspects related to Education inBrazil, it is necessary to observe the trajectory traversed until the so-called “democratization” of Education in the present day. Thus, it is fundamental to turn our gaze to Brazil-Empire, which brought with it the idea that “it is not appropriate an education so soft to those who will serve the Republic, of feet and hands, throughout life”, considering, in this case, that formal education should be a privilege of the ruling classes. This seems to be the core of dualism in teaching, after all, according to social impositions, the type of education according to the class origin of individuals is determined. From this point of view, the Apprentice’s Schools, aimed at the “helpless people of fortune”, were later transformed into Technical Schools, Federal Centers of Technological Education, undergoing a more radical transformation when it was implanted the Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology, which carry with them a proposal whose praxis implies a movement to combat dualism through the provision of Integrated Secondary Education, since the courses give the graduates a profession in conjunction with integral human formation, an aspect that opens the way for the working class to formative itineraries also at the higher level and professional performance in scientific research, perspective previously denied or hindered to socially less favored classes.Keywords: Formation of Brazil. Division of Classes. Dualism in Teaching. Educación en Brasil: el dualismo arraigado desde el Brasil-Imperio y la ruptura conla Escuela Secundaria Integrada de los Institutos FederalesRESUMENCuando se trata de aspectos relacionados conla Educaciónem Brasil, es necesario observar la trayectoria recurrida hasta la llamada “democratización” dela Enseñanzaen los días actuales. Así, es fundamental volver a mirar al Brasil-Imperio, que trajo consigo El ideario de que “no conviene una educación tan blanda a quien ha de servir ala República, de pies y de manos, por toda la vida’, considerando, en esos términos, que la educación formal debería ser un privilegio de los grupos dirigentes. Ello parece ser el cierne del dualismo en la enseñanza, en fi n, según imposiciones sociales, se determina el tipo de enseñanza conforme el origen de clase de los individuos. Bajo esa óptica, surgieron las Escuelas de Aprendices Artifi cies, direccionadas a los “desvalidos de la fortuna”, y más tarde fueron transformadas en Escuelas Técnicas, Centros Federales de Educación Tecnológica, pasando por una transformación más radical, al implementar los Institutos Federales de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología, que llevan consigo una propuesta, cuya praxis imprime un movimiento de combate al dualismo por medio de la oferta dela Enseñanza MediaIntegrada, ya que los cursos brindan a los egresos una profesión en conjunto con la formación humana integral, aspecto este que abre camino a la clase trabajadora a itinerarios formativos también en nivel superior y actuación em investigación científi ca, perspectiva antes negada o difi cultada a lãs clases socialmente menos favorecidas.Palabras Clave: Constitución de Brasil. División de Clases. El dualismo en la enseñanza.

Introduction. Today’s changes in economic relations, political and social spheres of Ukrainian society require radical changes in the legal superstructure, in particular, a signifi cant update of legislation and ensuring the humanistic direction of its implementation. The aim of the article. To fi nd out the current state and problems of development of legal culture as a factor in the eff ectiveness of legislative activity, taking into account certain aspects of it to highlight them in this article. Results. The law is able to nurture legal ideas, promote the emergence of new, more progressive approaches to solving problems of legal regulation; by-laws are adopted on the basis of the law, legal institutions are formed, which testify to the level of legal culture; with the help of laws and bylaws based on them, a system of actions and attitudes that meet the minimum standards of culture is approved; the law creates or consolidates those institutions (bodies) that are able to form a legal culture. It is argued that laws must be truly just, legitimate, express the true interests and will of the people, society, and be perceived by citizens as «their own» and not «foreign», imposed from above as abstract prescriptions. It is then that laws and other regulations will be enforced «not out of fear but out of conscience», to inspire trust, respect and the need to follow them. Thus, the law becomes formal, ineff ective, so the individual does not recognize its value, and therefore ignores it. It is established that the need for steady growth and achieving a high level of legal culture of every citizen, every offi cial, every civil servant and, especially, professional lawyers, who have the main work on lawmaking and law enforcement. In the professional legal culture a special place belongs to the legal culture of lawmakers, because the level of their professional training, legal culture depends on the quality ofaws, timely and correct amendments to existing legislation in order to improve it. Conclusions. It is the development of legal science and culture of members of society that should create a mechanism for implementing state and legal reform, which would provide Ukraine with the rule of law necessary for normal life, then it would be leading and obvious what and how to change to improve it, not constant destruction. Key words: legislation, effi ciency, legislative activity, regulation of public relations, legal culture.

El objetivo del artículo es conocer si los OEM y sus proveedores tienen declaración escrita de la cultura corporativa, y en caso afirmativo si contemplan determinados stakeholers y valores, la difunden entre sus empleados, es origen para fijar objetivos y metas, incorporan objetivos económicos y no económicos, se realizan determinadas prácticas de gestión de los recursos humanos, disponen certificaciones ISO, y si se relacionan con su entorno social. Se analiza la intensidad de asociación bivariante entre cier tos ítems y aplicando el anàlisis Homals, la asociación múltiple, sobre cuyos puntos objeto, obtener una tipología de empresas con el análisis cluster.Palabras clave: automóvil, cultura corporativa, gestión, EspañaCorporate culture in managing automobile companies in SpainAbstract: This paper collects in the first part a review of the literature about corporate culture, collecting its definition, importance, and what some authors say on subsequent items to be included in the empirical part. The aim of this article is found on the Spanish automobile industry, individually and jointly, certain aspects of the organizational culture. In the empirical part it is analyzed for a sample of OEMs and their direct suppliers if companies submit written statement Corporate Culture, if they incorporate explictly determined values (transparency, fairness, honesty, respect, teamwork, continuous improvement, customer focus, creativity / innovation), which stakeholders are considered, as corporate culture circulated among employees, whether it is the source for setting objectives and targets, if they have ISO 9001:2000, ISO 14001, ISO 16494 certifications, systems of participation, teamwork and recognition of people related to continuous improvement and achievement of its goals and objectives, the possible aplication of some systems of developing, training and promotion of personnel, to have a systematic for reconciling work and family life, gender equality plan, profit sharing , ownership and if companies with organizational culture relate to the social environment. Joint relative frequencies of pairs of items and the marginal frequencies are obtained, and the confidence intervals of the items or modality considered are determined. We analyzed relation between to have organizational culture declared and have certain management practices, the association between mission, vision and values respect other items. It is verified that most companies incorporate the mission, vision and values are often at least as stakeholders the shareholders, customers and employees, declared as values teamwork, continuous improvement, customer focus and creativity / innovation though less honesty and fairness. Corporate culture declared, serves as a reference for setting goals and purposes, almost all who have it. Generally the spread at least with posters, leaflets and training, climate surveys conducted regularly, and incorporate environmental objectives and social environment. In contrast, a minority, few do involve employees in their benefits or offer them ownership, incorporated systematic reconciliation work and family life, gender equality plan, and its relationship with the social environment is reduced. We examines whether there association are significative between having declared in culture Mission, Vision and Values and the declaration considers the diverse stakeholders, regarding the rest of the items considered and the intensity thereof is obtained. It also analyzes the intensity of association between the different values considered, which is significant, and whether some of these values are associated with certain items, to see if it is giving a practical application of these values in certain fields. Transversal teams and improvement teams are widely used, but not consistent with the value incorporate teamwork and continuous improvement. The analysis gives homals relationships of more than two qualitative variables and reduce the dimensionality by incorporating measures of discrimination as the Declaration of corporate culture at least the shareholders, customers and employees, a set of values, norms ISO 16949 +14000, ISO 9001 +14000, community center or facilities available to employees, co-ownership, a system for reconciling work and family life, and less cooperation with the University to give training and R D. The cluster of points object analysis provides a typology of companies, constituting 7 groups, which differ according to the presence or absence of measures of discrimination.Keywords: automobile, corporate culture, management, Spain

For researchers, early childhood educators, and art educators, the contribution of this article is to expand meaning in drawing activities. Perspective in reading pictures using visual culture theory, especially visual grammar. This study aims to share knowledge and experiences in reading early childhood pictures from different perspectives. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach through visual material data collection techniques and analysis of three metafunctions. The objects of research are three pictures of children aged 7-8 years, namely the works of winners of the I-III children's painting competition held by PP-IPTEK TMII in 2018. Aspects of the representation structure, interaction system, and composition of each image are analyzed. The research findings conclude that the ideational function of the three images shows a narrative structure of representation and raises the discourse of resistance to the actual situation. The interpersonal function of the three images places the image maker in the real world and as an object of display impersonally. The textual functions of the three images position social life on other planets as a reflection of hope for real social life.Keywords: children's drawings, visual culture, visual system, three metafunctions References: Butler, S., Gross, J., & Hayne, H. (1995). The Effect of Drawing on Memory Performance in Young Children. Developmental Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.31.4.597 Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (Fifth edition). Pearson. de Lautour, N. (2020). The Visual Arts and Children’s Thinking and Theorising in Early Childhood. Www.Elp.Co. Nz/Articles, 13. Driessnack, M., & Furukawa, R. (2012). Arts-based data collection techniques used in child research. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 17(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6155.2011.00304.x Elliot W, E., & D. Day, M. (2004). Handbook of Research and Policy in Art Education (1st Edition). Routledge. Everts, H., & Withers, R. (2006). A Practitioner Survey of Interactive Drawing Therapy as Used in New Zealand. 16. Freedman, K. J., & Stuhr, P. L. (2004). Curriculum Change for the 21st Century: Visual Culture in Art Education. Funch, B. S. (1996). The aesthetic experience as a transcendent phenomenon. Nordisk Psykologi, 48(4), 266–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/00291463.1996.11863884 Gernhardt, A., Rübeling, H., & Keller, H. (2013). “This Is My Family”: Differences in Children’s Family Drawings Across Cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44(7), 1166–1183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022113478658 Hirsh-Pasek, K., Zosh, J. M., Golinkoff, R. M., Gray, J. H., Robb, M. B., & Kaufman, J. (2015). Putting Education in “Educational” Apps: Lessons from the Science of Learning. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100615569721 Hwang, G.-J., Lai, C.-L., & Wang, S.-Y. (2015). Seamless flipped learning: A mobile technology-enhanced flipped classroom with effective learning strategies. Journal of Computers in Education, 2(4), 449–473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-015-0043-0 Jolley, R. P. (2009). Children and Pictures: Drawing and Understanding. Wiley. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=QpGS9s9zqMoC Kellogg, R. (1973). Misunderstanding Children’s Art. Art Education, 26(6), 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/00043125.1973.11652137 Knight, L. (2008). Communication and Transformation through Collaboration: Rethinking Drawing Activities in Early Childhood. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 9(4), 306–316. https://doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2008.9.4.306 Kress, G. R., van Leeuwen, T., & Van Leeuwen, D. H. S. S. T. (1996). Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. Routledge. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=vh07i06q-9AC Kucirkova, N. (2017). IRPD—A framework for guiding design-based research for iPad apps. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(2), 598–610. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12389 Lowenfeld, V. (1949). Creative and Mental Growth. Macmillan. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=x7tRAQAAMAAJ Mamur, N. (2012). The Effect of Modern Visual Culture on Children’s Drawings. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 277–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.651 Moerdisuroso, I. (2017). Social Semiotics and Visual Grammar: A Contemporary Approach to Visual Text Research. International Journal of Creative and Arts Studies, 1(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.24821/ijcas.v1i1.1574 Nielsen, A. M. (2012). Forskeres arbejde med oplevelser af børns tegninger som forskningsmetode [The researcher’s work with children’s experiences of drawing as a research method]. Psyke & Logos. 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El objeto de este trabajo es el estudio del simbolismo de las aves en el ámbito tartésico y fenicio-púnico en la península ibérica durante el Bronce Final y el Hierro I. Se han recogido y analizado aquellas piezas con representaciones de aves, así como los restos orgánicos de éstas, si bien esto último no ha dado muchos frutos debido a las dificultades que existen tanto para su conservación como para la posterior identificación de especies. En total se han podido determinar ánades, gallos, palomas, flamencos, cisnes, lechuzas y halcones, todas ellas representadas en el Mediterráneo oriental y cuya iconografía se vincula al mundo funerario, al tránsito al Más Allá y a las divinidades. Gran parte de esa iconografía llegó a la península de mano de los fenicios, si bien su acogida y aceptación entre la población local fue variable. Palabras clave: aves, simbolismo, tartesios, fenicios, púnicosTopónimos: península ibéricaPeriodo: Hierro I. ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to study the symbolism of birds in Tartessian and Phoenician-Punic cultures within the Iberian Peninsula during the late Bronze and early Iron Age. To this end, items with any sort of symbolism connected with birds have been analysed. Organic remains have also been examined, although the latter did not make a relevant contribution to the study due to problems of conservation of the organic remains and subsequent identification of species. I have identified ducks, roosters, pigeons, flamingos, swans, owls and hawks, all located around the East Mediterranean basin and related to funerary contexts, the journey to the hereafter and deities. Most of this iconography reached the Iberian Peninsula via Phoenician culture, albeit its acceptance among the local population varied. Keywords: birds, symbolism, Tartesian, Phoenicians, PunicPlace names: Iberian PeninsulaPeriod: Iron Age REFERENCIASAlmagro Gorbea, M. J. 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The Covid-19 pandemic had a dangerous impact on early-childhood education, lost learning in almost all aspects of child development. The house-to-house learning, with the name Moving Home Learning Program (MHLP), is an attractive offer as an emergency remote teaching solution. This study aims to describe the application of MHLP designed by early-childhood education institutions during the learning process at home. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection using interviews, observation, and documentation. The respondents involved in the interview were a kindergarten principal and four teachers. The research data were analyzed using the data content analysis. The Findings show that the MHLP has proven to be sufficiently in line with the learning needs of early childhood during the Covid-19 pandemic. 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RESUMENEl objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de financiación y de control de las instituciones religiosas por los laicos en las primeras décadas de la conquista y colonización de Hispanoamérica. Investigar sobre la inversión laica en lo sagrado supone en un primer lugar aclarar la historiografía sobre laicos, religión y dinero en las sociedades de Antiguo Régimen y su trasposición en América, planteando una mirada desde el punto de vista de las motivaciones múltiples de los actores seglares. A través del ejemplo de restituciones, donaciones y legados en losAndes, se explora el papel de los laicos españoles, y también de las poblaciones indígenas, en el establecimiento de la densa red de instituciones católicas que se construye entonces. La propuesta postula el protagonismo de actores laicos en la construcción de un espacio cristiano en los Andes peruanos en el siglo XVI y principios del XVII, donde la inversión económica permite contribuir a la transición de una sociedad de guerra y conquista a una sociedad corporativa pacificada.PALABRAS CLAVE: Hispanoamérica-Andes, religión, economía, encomienda, siglos XVI y XVII.ABSTRACTThis article aims to reflect on the mechanisms of financing and control of religious institutions by the laity in the first decades of the conquest and colonization of Spanish America. Investigating lay investment in the sacred sphere means first of all to clarifying historiography on laity, religion and money within Ancien Régime societies and their transposition to America, taking into account the multiple motivations of secular actors. The example of restitutions, donations and legacies inthe Andes enables us to explore the role of the Spanish laity and indigenous populations in the establishment of the dense network of Catholic institutions that was established during this period. The proposal postulates the role of lay actors in the construction of a Christian space in the Peruvian Andes in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, when economic investment contributed to the transition from a society of war and conquest to a pacified, corporate society.KEY WORDS: Hispanic America-Andes, religion, economics, encomienda, 16th and 17th centuries. BIBLIOGRAFIAAbercrombie, T., “Tributes to Bad Conscience: Charity, Restitution, and Inheritance in Cacique and Encomendero Testaments of 16th-Century Charcas”, en Kellogg, S. y Restall, M. 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This paper reviews Social and Cultural Aspects of Language Learning in Study Abroad, edited by Celeste Kinginger (2013). This collection of papers showcases modern study abroad research, particularly what Coleman describes as the "whole-person" approach, in which study abroad participants are studied as complex individuals rather than as members of a larger homogenous group of students studying abroad. While there is a slight focus on both American study abroad participants and on learners of French studying in France, despite Kinginger and Coleman advocating for including a broader range of participant home countries and languages studied in the volume's introductory chapters, the contributing authors employ a variety of methodologies to study their participants' experiences and their language learning. This methodological breadth demonstrates the modern strengths of Study Abroad Research while simultaneously showing the myriad of future possibilities for future research in the field.

This study uses descriptive statistical method to analyze the income and life qual- ity of 397 farmer households who are suffering social exclusion in an economic aspect out of a total of 725 households surveyed in five Northern provinces of Vietnam in 2010. The farmers’ opinions of the impact of the policies currently prac- ticed by the central government and local authorities to give them access to the labor market are also analyzed in this study to help management officers see how the poli- cies affect the beneficiaries so that they can later make appropriate adjustments.

Actualmente, a través de programas propuestos por el Ministerio de Salud, Educación y Desarrollo Social, Chile ha logrado instaurar la importancia del movimiento y, desde el año 2018, se incorpora a las Bases curriculares de Educación Parvularia, un núcleo denominado Corporalidad y Movimiento que fomenta el desarrollo de la expresividad corporal, respetando procesos propios de los niños(as) en los distintos niveles educativos. El objetivo de esta investigación es reflexionar desde una perspectiva analítica sobre la mirada psicomotriz y motriz acerca de la relación del cuerpo y el movimiento en las edades tempranas para el aprendizaje y corporalidad desarrolladas en Chile para la primera infancia. A través de una metodología cualitativa, desde un enfoque descriptivo con análisis narrativo y bibliográfico, se realiza la consulta a las propias bases ministeriales entregadas por Chile, además de artículos, libros y revistas asociadas a la temática. Los resultados proporcionan que cada objetivo de aprendizaje presenta teoría específica desde la mirada motriz y psicomotriz, de acuerdo con la literatura consultada, y que esta debe plasmarse en las aulas educativas. De lo cual, se concluye que es necesario reconocer la importancia que conlleva la realización de cada objetivo de aprendizaje, pero desde miradas teóricas, donde se justifiquen las acciones a realizar en cada una de ellas, donde educadores o profesores otorguen reales experiencias corporales pensadas en las edades de los infantes y respetando sus procesos bio-psico-sociales.

This research addresses a network analysis in three teacher education centers for teachers and professors in Uruguay to determine the degree to which they function in professional communities according to four aspects: innovation initiatives, information exchange, digital inclusion, and collaboration in planning. The study is based on a previous categorization regarding the level of digital inclusion for deep learning on the basis of an online survey applied to 32 principals of public teacher education centers (high, medium, and low levels). One case was identified at each level, taking into account the geographic characteristics and the type of teacher education center. In each case, information-gathering techniques were applied: in-depth interviews, surveys for the network analysis, and focus groups. Results show that in all three cases, professional learning communities lite (as defined by Dufour & Reeves, 2016). In two of the centers, those with the higher rate of digital inclusion for learning, there is a diversity in the actors who form the ties that make up the networks. Last, the innovation network is the weakest in terms of the number and variety of the ties.

Aboriginal people, one of Canada’s most significant ethnic groups in regard to population and growth, are in crisis. This crisis can be characterized as one of social positioning where conditions of poverty, lack of opportunity, and other elements of marginalization are symptoms. Aboriginals and non-Aboriginal scholars have engaged in numerous discussions regarding what can be described as a struggle for a state of dignity in Canada. Citizenship education, an aspect of contemporary schooling that embraces such notions as equality, tolerance, and social justice, is reputed to provide some direction in regard to how all Canadians can develop and prosper regardless of ethnic or cultural background. This article will explore citizenship education and its possible implications for Aboriginal students in Canada. Aboriginal people, one of Canada’s most significant ethnic groups in regard to population and growth, are in crisis. This crisis can be characterized as one of social positioning where conditions of poverty, lack of opportunity, and other elements of marginalization are symptoms. Aboriginals and non-Aboriginal scholars have engaged in numerous discussions regarding what can be described as a struggle for a state of dignity in Canada. Citizenship education, an aspect of contemporary schooling that embraces such notions as equality, tolerance, and social justice, is reputed to provide some direction in regard to how all Canadians can develop and prosper regardless of ethnic or cultural background. This article will explore citizenship education and its possible implications for Aboriginal students in Canada.

In this article, the author explores the premise that possibilities for social change in an antiracist teacher education program might be revealed by closely examining the struggles and real life experiences of a beginning teacher from a minority background working from the margins of the educational setting. Focusing on the quality of the teaching-learning activities being negotiated and forged, this article is grounded in a study of the tensions, dilemmas and conflicts experienced by teacher candidates learning to teach for social justice. The study revealed that the inherent tensions caused by discontinuities between the intent and critical antiracist philosophy of the program and its actual content, processes and the experience within practicum schools can be necessary for moving teacher candidates in their thinking about antiracist teaching and teaching critically. The article’s focus is on one participant from a Latino background who began to come to terms with accepting the existence of tensions and conflicts and became less obsessed with finding definite solutions or resolutions. Explicit discussion of his experiences within all aspects of the program and direct talk about the tensions and conflicts began to help the teacher candidate make sense of his experiences. Critical teaching for equity, diversity and social justice is a journey into teaching filled with risks and uneasiness. Dans cet article, l'auteur explore la prémisse que l'on peut révéler les possibilités du changement social dans un programme d'éducation antiraciste pour les enseignants stagiaires en examinant de près les luttes et les expériences de vie d'un enseignant stagiaire débutant de souche minoritaire et qui travaille en marge du milieu d'éducation. Se concentrant sur la qualité des activités d'enseigner et d'apprendre en négociation et en formation, l'article est fondé sur une étude des tensions, des dilemmes et des conflits subis par les enseignants stagiaires quand ils apprennent à enseigner la justice sociale. L'étude révèle que les tensions inhérentes causées par les discontinuités entre l'intention et la philosophie antiraciste du programme et son contenu, les processus et l'expérience dans les écoles peuvent être nécessaires pour changer la façon de penser des enseignants stagiaires sur l'enseignement antiraciste et l'enseignement critique. L'article est centré sur un participant de souche Latino-américaine qui commence à accepter l'existence des tensions et des conflits et à devenir moins obsédé par la découverte des solutions ou des résolutions définitives. Une discussion explicite de ses expériences dans tous les aspects du programme et un entretien direct sur les tensions et conflits commencent à aider cet enseignant stagiaire à donner un sens à ses expériences. Enseignement critiquement de l'égalité, la diversité et la justice sociale représente un voyage dans l'enseignement et est rempli de risques et d'inquiétudes et non une destination.

Qur’anic social ethic studies with a thematic exegesis ap- proach (maudu’i) toward Surah An-Nahl/ 16: 90 seen as containing a complete social ethic. It consists of three aspects: al-‘Adl (justice), al-Ihsan (freferable), and itta’izil qurba (giving charity to family member). These are a obligation that must be applied in human so- cial life. In the contrary, there are three prohibition: al-fahsya’ (hei- nous act), al-munkar (bad deed), and al-baghyu (unjust act). In its actualization and application, the three social ethics in many aspects emphasizes the principle of human equality brotherhood, knowing and helping each other. Moreever, social ethic character is the Qur’an which involves belief and dimension of worldly life and hereafter, it needs community life involvement in order to applies sence of toget- herness, solidarity, and reduces social inequality and stratification.

This study explores how market economy affects parent-teacher relationships in China. Guided by Bourdieu’s (1986) capital theory, we interviewed twenty-one teachers and twenty parents in China. The study reveals that the market economy has impacted changes in parent-teacher relationships in several aspects. First, modern technology such as the Internet and WeChat has facilitated communication between parents and teachers with fast pace and convenience. Moreover, the study makes an original contribution to the field by challenging stereotyping assumptions towards Chinese parents who are either completely not involved or partially involved in their child’s education at home. The study shows that contemporary Chinese parents are actively involved in their children’s education both at home and at school. Furthermore, the market economy has shaken the high social status that teachers enjoyed in the past. As a result, parents prefer to adopt pragmatic approaches to parent-teacher relationships. Finally, the urban, middle-class parents whose social capital, alongside cultural, symbolic and economic capital enable them to mobilize their social networks in interacting with the school. They appear to be more likely than previous generations of Chinese parents to challenge teachers’ authority, and there have been more serious conflicts between parents and teachers. The study focuses on China, but these rare insights highlight current and emerging dangers to parent-teacher engagement with relevance to many other countries.

This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of interactive multimedia aided social cognitive model in early reading learning, implemented to improve students’ early reading skills. The model was implemented to 195 first- and second-graders in an elementary school in Bandung. Descriptive statistics analysis was conducted to measure the difference in students’ ability before and after the treatment, based on the result of pre- and post-test using EGRA instrument. Results of this study indicated that social cognitive learning could be combined with interactive multimedia to effectively improve students’ early reading ability. However, further study is required to understand why the model contributed lower significance towards improvement of word-reading skill than towards improvement of other aspects of early reading skills.

RESUMEN: La microhistoria, en su vertiente literaria, es una modalidad de microrrelato que amalgama un tema extraído de la Historia y un enfoque estético y creativo del mismo. José Guadalajara se adentra en el análisis de este término y en sus relaciones con el microrrelato y la propia microhistoria social. Asimismo, el autor desgrana la vinculación que mantiene con la novela histórica y desarrolla los rasgos característicos de la microhistoria literaria, a raíz de la publicación de su libro Cien microhistorias de la Historia. ABSTRACT: Microhistory, in its literary aspect, is a form of micro-story that merges a theme drawn from History with an aesthetic and creative approach to it. José Guadalajara delves into the analysis of this term and its relationships with the micro-story and social micro-history itself. Moreover, and with regards to the publication of his book One Hundred Microhistories of History, Guadalajara reveals the link that literary microhistory maintains with the historical novel and develops its characteristic features.

In recent years, ICT has become a fundamental element of almost all aspects of formal and non-formal education. Educational Robotics (ER) as an ICT subfield has triggered many studies of ER educational utilization. Furthermore, there is also a growing interest in studies in Special Education with ER and ICT in general, usually focusing on emotional intelligence, especially in social skills’ development and empathy training. This paper presents the development of a Robotic Platform, the EI-EDUROBOT, which aims to cultivate empathy and social skills of typically developed children, aged 4 to 9 years, but also children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), among these two social groups.

In recent years, ICT has become a fundamental element of almost all aspects of formal and non-formal education. Educational Robotics (ER) as an ICT subfield has triggered many studies of ER educational utilization. Furthermore, there is also a growing interest in studies in Special Education with ER and ICT in general, usually focusing on emotional intelligence, especially in social skills’ development and empathy training. This paper presents the development of a Robotic Platform, the EI-EDUROBOT, which aims to cultivate empathy and social skills of typically developed children, aged 4 to 9 years, but also children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), among these two social groups.

This article utilizes critical discourse analysis to investigate the environmental education (EE) policy in Vietnam by analyzing seven policy documents. It examines the language used in the policy papers and underlying factors that shape the policy, including power relations, ideologies, and sociopolitical influences. The findings reveal a lack of shared understanding of EE and the neglect of its social aspect, leading to limited integration of EE content in national curricula and the prevalence of performative language within the policy. This undervaluation of EE can be attributed to the influence of Confucianism and the traditional education model inherited from the former Soviet Union. It also suggests that the present policy predominantly reflects the ideologies and priorities of the ruling class, who prioritizes economic growth over sustainability. This study underscores the need for a nuanced approach in policymaking that integrates sociocultural dimensions and addresses the performative gap in environmental education, paving the way for more effective and context-sensitive strategies in Vietnam’s response to educational challenges posed by climate change.