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Published: 17 June 2022

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1

Khan, Muhammad Farooq, Fahd A. Nasr, Omar M. Noman, Nouf Abdulaziz Alyhya, Iftikhar Ali, Mohamad Saoud, Robert Rennert, et al. "Cichorins D–F: Three New Compounds from Cichorium intybus and Their Biological Effects." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 11, 2020): 4160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184160.

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Cichorium intybus L., (chicory) is employed in various traditional medicines to treat a wide range of diseases and disorders. In the current investigation, two new naphthalane derivatives viz., cichorins D (1) and E (2), along with one new anthraquinone cichorin F (3), were isolated from Cichorium intybus. In addition, three previously reported compounds viz., β-sitosterol (4), β-sitosterol β-glucopyranoside (5), and stigmasterol (6) were also isolated from Cichorium intybus. Their structures were established via extensive spectroscopic data, including 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC and HMBC), and ESIMS. Cichorin E (2) has a weak cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468: IC50: 85.9 µM) and Ewing’s sarcoma cells (SK-N-MC: IC50: 71.1 µM); cichorin F (3) also illustrated weak cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468: IC50: 41.0 µM and MDA-MB-231: IC50: 45.6 µM), and SK-N-MC cells (IC50: 71.9 µM). Moreover compounds 1–3 did not show any promising anthelmintic effects.

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2

Hitova, Anna, and Matthias Melzig. "Cichorium intybus L." Zeitschrift für Phytotherapie 35, no. 04 (September 1, 2014): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1371731.

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3

Brown, Stewart A. "Biosynthesis of 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin in Cichorium intybus." Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o85-043.

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Labelled 7-hydroxycoumarin (umbelliferone) was converted efficiently to 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (aesculetin), the aglycone of the glucoside cichoriin, in Cichorium intybus L., and earlier studies contraindicating caffeic acid as a precursor were confirmed. Umbelliferone, which occurs in this species, is thus indicated to be a natural intermediate in aesculetin biosynthesis. Administered umbelliferone was readily converted to its 7-O-glucoside, skimmin, an observation consistent with participation of skimmin in the biosynthetic pathway to cichoriin. This evidence for derivation of aesculetin from umbelliferone provides further support for the theory that polyoxygenated coumarins are, in general, elaborated by additional oxygenation of umbelliferone. Implications of this concept for the evolution of the biosynthesis of coumarins are discussed.

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4

Khairullina, Z. A., and A. V. Kanarskiy. "Phytochemical composotoin of chicory (Cichorium Intybus L.) products." Journal International Academy of Refrigeration 15, no. 2 (2016): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21047/1606-4313-2016-15-2-21-25.

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5

Rumball, W., R. G. Keogh, J. E. Miller, and R. B. Claydon. "‘Choice’ forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 1 (January 2003): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2003.9513528.

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6

Varotto, S., P. Parrini, and P. Mariani. "Pollen ontogeny in Cichorium intybus L." Grana 35, no. 3 (January 1996): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00173139609429076.

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7

Zhou, Chang-Xin, Li Zou, Zong-Zheng Zhao, Hong Zhu, Qiao-Jun He, Bo Yang, and Li-She Gan. "Terpenoids from Cichorium intybus." Natural Product Communications 7, no. 8 (August 2012): 1934578X1200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200700801.

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A new sesquiterpenoid, 1α,5α-epoxy-4α-hydroxyl-4β,10β-dimethyl-7αH,10αH-guaia-11(13)-en-12-oic acid (1), and four known compounds, lactucin (2), 1β-hydroxy-7αH,8,11βH-eudesm-3-en-8,12-olide (3), 13,14- seco-stigma 9(11),14(15)-dien-3α-ol (4), and bacosterol-3- O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5) were isolated from Cichorium intybus L. Their structures were determined on the basis of detailed analysis of their 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data. Compounds 2 and 4 showed strong activities against the A2780 cell line with IC50 values of 1.81 and 0.07 μM, respectively.

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8

Shah, Shazia, Zulfiqar Ali, Abdul Malik, Ikhlas A. Khan, and Sumayya Saied. "Sesquiterpene Lactones from Cichorium intybus." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 66, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2011-0714.

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Two new sesquiterpene lactones (guaianolides), 15-hydroxytaraxacin (1) and 6,8,11-epi-desacetylmatricarin (2), along with three known compounds, desacetylmatricarin (3), 11β ,13-dihydrolactucin (4), and 11β ,13-dihydrolactucopicrin (5), were isolated from the aerial parts of Cichorium intybus L.

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9

Peters, Angeline M., and Aart Van Amerongen. "Sesquiterpene lactones in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." Food Research International 29, no. 5-6 (June 1996): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-9969(96)00060-9.

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10

Rumball, W., R. A. Skipp, R. G. Keogh, and R. B. Claydon. "‘Puna II’ forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 1 (January 2003): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288233.2003.9513529.

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11

Kunelius, H. T., and K. B. McRae. "Forage chicory persists in combination with cool season grasses and legumes." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-052.

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Forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) was grown alone and in combination with various grasses and legumes for three production years to determine growth, botanical composition, and persistence. Chicory mixed with grasses and legumes produced greater yields than chicory alone. Mixtures of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) + white clover (Trifolium repens L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.) + alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and timothy + red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in combination with chicory produced the highest dry matter yields. Persistence of chicory was adequate; it survived for three production years in the cold-winter region of Atlantic Canada. Including chicory in grass/legume swards improved the seasonal distribution of herbage and increased late season production. Key words: Botanical composition, Cichorium intybus L., combinations, mixtures, persistence, seasonal yield distribution

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12

Сайбель, Olga Saybel, Даргаева, Tamara Dargaeva, Пупыкина, Kira Pupykina, Фархутдинов, Rafagat Farkhutdinov, Петрова, and Irina Petrova. "ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF WITLOOF CHICORY HERB (CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.)." Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук 2, no. 2 (August 24, 2017): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59a614fcd18c42.95236968.

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13

S.Tripathy and N.K.S Neeraja. "Evaluation of anxiolytic potential of Cichorium Intybus methanolic root extracts." Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 6 (December 21, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v9i6.817.

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Cichorium Intybus L. is a medicinally important plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. The plant root is used as anti-hepatotoxic, antiulcerogenic, antiinflammatory, appetizer, digestive, stomachic, liver tonic, cholagogue, cardiotonic, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, alexeteric and also as tonic. The present study was carried to screen the anxiolytic potential of Cichorium Intybus L methanolic root extracts by using different animal models like actophotometer, rotarod, staircase, holeboard, elevated plus maze tests . In the experiment the extracts found to decrease the anticipatory anxiety of the animal without significant alteration in motor coordination. Efficacy may be attributed to the presence of different phytochemicals like coumarins, flavonoids in the extracts.

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14

Corbineau, F., and D. Côme. "GERMINABILITY AND QUALITY OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L. SEEDS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 267 (April 1990): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.267.23.

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15

Satmbekova, Dinara, Radhakrishnan Srivedavyasasri, Yerkebulan Orazbekov, Roza Omarova, Ubaidilla Datkhayev, and Samir A. Ross. "Chemical and biological studies on Cichorium intybus L." Natural Product Research 32, no. 11 (June 19, 2017): 1343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2017.1343319.

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16

Neefs, V., S. Leuridan, N. Van Stallen, M. De Meulemeester, and M. P. De Proft. "Frost sensitiveness of chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.)." Scientia Horticulturae 86, no. 3 (November 2000): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4238(00)00150-3.

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17

Rammal, H., C. Younos, J. Bouayed, A. Chakou, S. Bedouhene, and R. Soulimani. "Aperçu ethnobotanique et phytopharmacologique sur Cichorium intybus L." Phytothérapie 6, no. 3 (June 2008): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10298-008-0313-3.

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18

Sellin, Claudine, Giuseppe Forlani, Jean Dubois, Erik Nielsen, and Jacques Vasseur. "Glyphosate tolerance in Cichorium intybus L. var. Magdebourg." Plant Science 85, no. 2 (January 1992): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(92)90119-7.

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19

Bezerra, Mariana Sobreira, Kamila Said Zeferino, Larissa Dutra Menezes, Aline Sobreira Bezerra, Leonardo Quintana Soares Lopes, Flávia Kolling Marquezan, and Patricia Kolling Marquezan. "Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Cichorium intybus: a review." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): e10911225384. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i2.25384.

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The plant Cichorium intybus L., also known as Chicory, is found in different parts of the world and has a rich phytochemical composition. Within its spectrum of action, the plant has been studied about its performance against pathogenic microorganisms and biofilm. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to realize a literature review on the antimicrobial and antibiofilm actions of the species Cichorium intybus. For this, searches were carried out in the databases PubMed / MEDLINE, EMBASE, Gale - Academic OneFile and Science Direct for articles published until August 2020, using the MeSH descriptors “Anti-infective agents“, “Dentistry” and “Periodontal disease” and its derivatives together with the keyword “Cichorium intybus” and its variants. A total of 998 results were found. After a critical reading of titles and abstracts, 18 articles were selected for the preparation of the study. The review includes articles published without time restriction and that approach the species Cichorium intybus with antimicrobial and antibiofilm action. Case reports and literature reviews were excluded. Chicory has a rich variety of chemical compounds that ensure it a wide range of uses, presenting action against bacteria, fungi and viruses, especially the Hepatitis B virus. Therefore, Almeirão has a good antimicrobial and antibiofilm performance in vitro, however, more studies are needed to standardize the study methodology, in addition to elucidating the clinical practice of the plant.

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20

Sidikou-Seyni, R., C. Rambaud, J. Dubois, and J. Vasseur. "Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from protoplasts of Cichorium intybus L. x Cichorium endivia L." Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 29, no. 2 (May 1992): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00033612.

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21

Lim, Hak Tae, and E. J. Park. "Effects of Nitrogen and Sucrose Level on the Regeneration of Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 516A—516. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.516a.

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The regeneration medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L IAA allowed high efficient shoot regeneration from leaf discs and petioles of Cichorium intybus L. var. sativus. Multiple shoots ranged from 10 to 14 per explant were observed only 10 to 15 days after the initial culture. Reduced nitrogen and sucrose levels influenced on shoot regeneration frequency and growth rates. Especially, in C. Intybus L. var. sativus cv. Cesare explants cultured in the medium containing 50 mg/L MS macroelement and 1.5% sucrose displayed high regeneration frequency of 100%.

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22

D'Evoli, L., M. Lucarini, G. Lombardi-Boccia, M. Valentini, A. Potenza, M. Ritota, and P. Sequi. "ANTHOCYANIN PROFILE OF TWO ITALIAN CICHORIUM INTYBUS L. CULTIVARS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 939 (November 2012): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2012.939.44.

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23

Mares, D., C. Romagnoli, B. Tosi, E. Andreotti, G. Chillemi, and F. Poli. "Chicory extracts from Cichorium intybus L. as potential antifungals." Mycopathologia 160, no. 1 (August 2005): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-004-6635-2.

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24

Guedira, Mouna, Thérèse Dubois-Tylski, Jacques Vasseur, and Jean Dubois. "Embryogénèse somatique directe à partir de cultures d'anthères du Cichorium (Asteraceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 970–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-129.

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Somatic embryoids and diploid plants have been obtained directly from anther cultures of an hybrid Cichorium intybus L. × Cichorium endivia L. maintained by micropropagation. Anthers at tetrad and microspore stages were the most reactive. Darkness and high temperature (35 °C) were necessary to obtain somatic embryo development on a medium with naphthylacetic acid (0.02 mg ∙ L−1) and 6-(dimethylallylamino)-purine (0.5 mg ∙ L−1). A combination of glutamine and ammonium nitrate was the most suitable nitrogen source. A short induction time (10 days) allowed the embryoids to grow into adult plants. Most plants from the somaclonal population derived from these embryoids showed a good phenotypic conformity, and some variants showed a large anthocyanic vein or narrow and incised leaves. Key words: somatic embryos, anthers, Cichorium, in vitro culture.

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25

Namin, S. Mohamadzade, and J. Nozari. "Fruit Flies Of The Genus Campiglossa (Diptera, Tephritidae) In Iran, With The Key To Species." Vestnik Zoologii 49, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2015-0026.

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Abstract Seven species of Campiglossa occurring in Iran are reviewed, Campiglossa grandinata (Rondani) is recorded for the first time from Iran (Fars Province) and Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) recorded as a new host plant for Campiglossa producta. A key to species is provided.

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26

Girelli, Chiara Roberta, Francesca Serio, Rita Accogli, Federica Angilè, Antonella De Donno, and Francesco Paolo Fanizzi. "First Insight into Nutraceutical Properties of Local Salento Cichorium intybus Varieties: NMR-Based Metabolomic Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 4057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084057.

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Background: Plants of genus Cichorium are known for their therapeutic and nutraceutical properties determined by a wealth of phytochemical substances contained in the whole plant. The aim of this paper was to characterize the metabolic profiles of local Salento chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) varieties (“Bianca”, “Galatina”, “Leccese”, and “Otranto”) in order to describe their metabolites composition together with possible bioactivity and health beneficial properties. Methods: The investigation was performed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis (MVA), by which the metabolic profiles of the samples were easily obtained and compared. Results: The supervised Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) analysis showed as “Bianca” and “Galatina” samples grouped together separated by “Leccese” and “Otranto” varieties. A different content of free amino acids and organic acids was observed among the varieties. In particular a high content of cichoric and monocaffeoyl tartaric acid was observed for the “Leccese” variety. The presence of secondary metabolites adds significant interest in the investigation of Cichorium inthybus, as this vegetable may benefit human health when incorporated into the diet. Conclusions: The 1H-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) based characterization of Salento chicory varieties allowed us to determine the potential usefulness and nutraceutical properties of the product, also providing a method to guarantee its authenticity on a molecular scale.

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27

Malarz, Janusz, Anna Stojakowska, and Wanda Kisiel. "Sesquiterpene Lactones in a Hairy Root Culture of Cichorium intybus." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 57, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2002): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-11-1207.

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A transformed root culture of Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) was found to produce sesquiterpene lactones of guaiane and germacrane type. Lactucopicrin, 8-desoxylactucin and three sesquiterpene lactone glycosides: crepidiaside B, sonchuside A and ixerisoside D were isolated from the roots. The yield of 8-desoxylactucin reached 0.03 g l-1 at the early stationary phase of the culture.

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28

Dorostghoal, Mehran, Seyyed Mansour Seyyednejad, and Marzieh Noroozi Tabrizi Nejad. "Cichorium intybus L. extract ameliorates testicular oxidative stress induced by lead acetate in male rats." Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2019.03496.

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Objective: Oxidative stress has been suggested as a possible mechanism for the adverse effects of heavy metal toxicity on male reproduction. Cichorium intybus L. is used in Iranian folk medicine as a hepatoprotective agent as well as for its supposed fertility-enhancing properties. The present study was performed to investigate whether the ethanolic extract of C. intybus leaves could protect male rats against lead-induced testicular oxidative stress.Methods: In this experimental study, adult Wistar rats were treated with 0.1% lead acetate in drinking water alone or with 50, 100, or 200 mg/ kg body weight of C. intybus extract via gavage once daily for 70 days. The weight of their reproductive organs, levels of serum hormones, histometric parameters of the seminiferous tubules, epidydimal sperm quality, and oxidative stress status were evaluated.Results: The testis weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, epididymal sperm count, serum testosterone level, and testicular levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the lead-treated rats. Moreover, significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of malondialdehyde were observed in the lead-exposed group compared to the control. However, the co-administration of C. intybus ethanolic extract in lead-treated rats was associated with a significant improvement in reproductive parameters.Conclusion: We conclude that C. intybus leaf extract has the potential to prevent lead-induced testicular toxicity and to suppress the adverse effects of lead on male reproductive health.

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29

Mohamed-Yasseen, Y., T. L. Davenport, W. E. Splittstoesser, and R. M. Skirvin. "SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM LEAF OF WITLOOF CHICORY (Cichorium intybus L.)." HortScience 28, no. 4 (April 1993): 270D—270. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.270d.

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A method for regeneration of somatic embryogenesis from witloof chicory is described. Explants were taken from leaf veins of stored witloof chicory. Internal bacterial infection was found in 100% of the leaf bases but decreased gradually toward the leaf tips. Bacterial free explants were taken from the distal third and cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 1.3 uM 2,4-D, 1.3 uM kinetin, and 100 mg/L casein hydrolysate. A pale yellowish, nodular callus formed after 4 weeks and were maintained in the same medium for 8-12 months with one change to a fresh medium every 4 weeks. Callus were suspended in the same medium without agar for 4-6 weeks with one change to a fresh medium every 2 weeks. Embryo-like structure appeared upon transfer to MS liquid medium containing 1.8 uM benzyladenine. Embryo germination was accomplished in 1/4 strength of MS medium with 01 without 1 g/L activated charcoal.

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30

Toneli, J. T. C. L., K. J. Park, J. R. P. Ramalho, F. E. X. Murr, and I. M. D. Fabbro. "Rheological characterization of chicory root (Cichorium intybus L.) inulin solution." Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 25, no. 3 (September 2008): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-66322008000300004.

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31

Кваско, О. "Оптимізація умов укорінення Cichorium intybus L. в культурі in vitro." Вісник Київського національного університету імені Тараса Шевченка. Інтродукція та збереження рослинного різноманіття, вип. 31 (2013): 47–49.

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32

Khaghani, Saeedeh. "Effect of different chemical fertilizers on chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (January 20, 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2012/v5i1.15.

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33

Frese, L., M. Dambroth, and A. Bramm. "Breeding Potential of Root Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. sativum)." Plant Breeding 106, no. 2 (February 1991): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1991.tb00488.x.

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34

Varotto, S., L. Pizzoli, M. Lucchin, and P. Parrini. "The incompatibility system in Italian red chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." Plant Breeding 114, no. 6 (December 1995): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1995.tb00851.x.

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35

Van der Veken, J., T. Eeckhaut, J. Baert, O. Maudoux, C. Notté, S. Werbrouck, and J. Van Huylenbroeck. "Chromosome doubling of Cichorium intybus L. haploids through protoplast regeneration." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1282 (June 2020): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1282.27.

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36

Bortolini, Lucia, and Massimo Tolomio. "Influence of Irrigation Frequency on Radicchio (Cichorium Intybus L.) Yield." Water 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2019): 2473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122473.

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Red chicory (radicchio) plants produce leafy heads that are of great commercial interest and they require a proper irrigation technique to achieve satisfactory productivity. The use of mini-sprinklers with high-frequency irrigation schedules may increase radicchio productivity, provide better growing conditions due to timely intervention, and save water, but so far little research has been carried out on this topic. This experiment aims at evaluating the effect of two mini-sprinkler irrigation schedules (high- and low-frequency) on radicchio yield and growing conditions over a 5-year cultivation period. Marketable radicchio head production was on average 12% greater with the high-frequency schedule (26.5 t ha−1) than with the low-frequency schedule (23.6 t ha−1), mainly due to greater head weight. The number of underweight, pre-flowering, rotten, and missing plants was significantly different between the two schedules when these variables were considered separately, but the overall number of marketable plants was greater in the high-frequency schedule during certain years. In general, the high-frequency schedule permitted to increase both radicchio yield and to reduce irrigation water use on average by 14% (−24 mm in volume), improving the irrigation water productivity by 19% (from 0.18 t mm−1 of the low-frequency schedule to 0.22 t mm−1 of the high-frequency schedule). Reducing the irrigation interval permits a timely adaptation to the weather course and improves radicchio growing conditions, presenting itself as a valid strategy that could be adopted by the farmers, upon appropriate consideration of energy and management costs.

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37

Shahin, Heba, and Yasseen Yasseen. "IMPROVED MICRO PROPAGATION OF Cichorium intybus L. FROM LEAF EXPLANT." Journal of Productivity and Development 20, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jpd.2015.42778.

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38

Castaño, C. I., and M. P. DeProft. "In vitro pollination of isolated ovules of Cichorium intybus L." Plant Cell Reports 19, no. 6 (May 15, 2000): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050782.

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39

Yang, Shipeng, Xuemei Sun, Lihui Wang, Xiaoting Jiang, and Qiwen Zhong. "The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 1533–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1601524.

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Buskunova, Gulsina Gilmanovna, and Gulsina Azatovna Yagafarova. "Heavy metals in the system «soil - wild medicinal plant» (on the example of <i>Cichorium intybus</i> L.)." Samara Journal of Science 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2022111103.

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This paper discusses the features of the heavy metals content in medicinal plant raw materials Cichorium intybus L. in the conditions of the Trans-Ural region of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Variational and statistical indicators of the heavy metals content in soils and plants are calculated. The coefficients of variation of gross and mobile forms of heavy metals in soils are high (above 21%), the exception was the gross form of Fe, which is characterized by low variation (up to 10%). The content of gross forms of heavy metals in soils exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations of Cu (18 times), Zn (13 times), Cd (2 times), Co (1,2 times) in the sample area 2, and Mn (1,2 times) and Cu (2,5 times) in the sample area 3. The content of mobile forms of Fe and Pb in soils did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. The samples had an increased level of mobile forms in Cu (39 times), Zn (2,1-4,3 times), Ni (1,12 times), Mn (2,3-2,6 times), Co (1,3-1,5 times), Cd (2,1-5,7 times). The degree of mobility of heavy metals in soils decreases in the series Pb Co Cd Zn Mn Cu Ni Fe. According to the degree of Zc contamination, the studied soils were classified as permissible (Zc from 0,2 to 5,2), with the exception of sample area 2, which was classified as highly hazardous (Zc up to 48,2). The level of contamination of the soil cover is minimal, and the environmental situation is relatively satisfactory (Zc from 0,2 to 5,2), with the exception of test area 2, where the level of pollution is high and the environmental situation is critical (Zc up to 48,2). Plants of Cichorium intybus L. are contaminated with Ni, Cd, Fe, and concentrations of Pb and Mn in plants did not exceed the maximum permissible levels. The most absorbed elements were Fe (25,7) and Cu (65,4), which belonged to the group of elements of energetic accumulation (accumulation index 10), Ni (8,9), Pb (4,7), Zn (2,2), Cd (2,06), Co (1,1), and Mn (1,06) related to a group of elements of strong accumulation (accumulation index from 1 to 10). In plants of Cichorium intybus L. Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cd, Co are distributed by acropetal type (acropetal coefficient 1,0), and Zn and Pb are distributed by basipetal type (acropetal coefficient 1,0). The value of biogeochemical activity in the plant Cichorium intybus L. varies from 47,4 to 728,3.

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Matvieieva, N. A., A. M. Shachovsky, I. M. Gerasymenko, O. Yu Kvasko, and N. V. Kuchuk. "Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Cichorium intybus L. with interferon-α2b gene." Biopolymers and Cell 25, no. 2 (March 20, 2009): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.0007d4.

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Aistova, Elena V., and Galina V. Talovina. "DISTRIBUTION OF CICHORIUM INTYBUS L. IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST." Ecologica Montenegrina 21 (May 25, 2019): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2019.21.12.

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In this study the current distribution of Cichorium intybus L. beyond the boundaries of its area is discussed, and the dynamics of the species’ migration is traced from the beginning of the 20th century when it was first discovered in the Far East of Russia. A search in literary sources, handling of herbarium materials, and our personal field explorations helped to find out that C. intybus, which emerged in the Russian Far East in the early 20th century, had limited distribution. Presently, its most numerous localities are in the southern areas of Primorskii Krai, while in Khabarovskii Krai, Jewish Autonomous Oblast', Amurskayа Oblast', Sakhalinskaya Oblast' and Kamchatka this species occurs sporadically. Its representatives are regarded as crop wild relatives.

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Mersie, Wondimagegnehu, and Joycelyn Elliott. "Selectivity of Pronamide and Trifluralin in Belgian Endive (Cichorium intybus)." Weed Technology 7, no. 1 (March 1993): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037179.

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Field studies were conducted to determine the selectivity and efficacy of pronamide alone or with sethoxydim and trifluralin, in Belgian endive. Pronamide at 1.68 with sethoxydim or alone or at 2.24 kg ai ha−1controlled weeds better than trifluralin at 0.6 or 1.0 kg ai ha−1in the field. Pronamide at 2.24 kg ha−1was the best at controlling grass and broadleaf weeds season-long. In nutrient culture studies, Belgian endive roots were injured at 5 mg L−1of pronamide, whereas redroot pigweed and green foxtail were inhibited at 0.5 and 0.1 mg L−1, respectively. Shoot weights showed similar differences but were less sensitive than roots.

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Mitich, Larry W. "Chicory." Weed Technology 7, no. 1 (March 1993): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037283.

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Chicory (Cichorium intybus L. # CICIN), succory, blueweed, coffee-weed, blue sailors, bunk, or blue daisy, is familiar to many of us as an erect weed along roadsides or in fields, displaying small, startlingly bright blue flowers. Others of us may only have tasted its roots—roasted and ground into a bittersweet coffee substitute or additive: an essential component of the New Orleans brew served blacker than a hundred midnights in a cypress swamp. Along with its close relative endive (Cichorium endivia L.), chicory also has an important place in the salads of Europe and, increasingly, the United States. Both chicory and endive were indispensable in ancient and medieval herbal pharmacies and are still used medicinally today.

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Malik, Bisma, Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah, Inayatullah Tahir, and Reiaz Ul Rehman. "Chemo-profiling, Antioxidant Potential and Ionomic Analysis of Cichorium intybus L." Pharmacognosy Journal 9, no. 6 (October 10, 2017): 917–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.6.144.

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Saybel OL, Saybel, Rendyuk Rendyuk TD, Dargaeva Dargaeva TD, Nikolaev Nikolaev SM, and Khobrakova Khobrakova VB. "Phenolic Compounds and Immunomodulating Activity of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Extract." Pharmacognosy Journal 12, no. 5 (August 5, 2020): 1104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5530/pj.2020.12.156.

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Ahmad, Jamal, Umar Yusuf, and Musa Muhammad. "Investigation of Properties of Medicinal Plants Thyme and Cichorium intybus L." South Asian Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 02, no. 02 (April 15, 2020): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjps.2020.v02i02.003.

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Hébette, Christophe L. M., Jan A. Delcour, Michel H. J. Koch, Karl Booten, Ralf Kleppinger, Nikolai Mischenko, and Harry Reynaers. "Complex melting of semi-crystalline chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) root inulin." Carbohydrate Research 310, no. 1-2 (August 1998): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00154-2.

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Sinkovic, Lovro, Janez Hribar, Rajko Vidrih, Zarko Ilin, and Dragan Znidarcic. "Fatty acid composition of leaves of forced chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 2 (2015): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs141105026s.

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The objective of the present study was to determine the composition of fatty acids in leaves of nine chicory cultivars (Cichorium intybus L.). The growing practice followed the traditional forcing method of developed roots in a peat to obtain new etiolated vegetative apical buds, known as chicons. The fatty acid content was determined by the extraction of fatty acid methyl esters and analysis by means of gas chromatography. The analysis revealed the following ratios of C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 of individual fatty acids. The total fatty acid content in forced chicory leaves ranged from 104 to 644 mg/100 g fresh weight. The highest relative content (64%) is presented by ?-linolenic acid, followed by linoleic (44%) and palmitic (21%). An n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio of studied forced chicory is below 1.4 and thus, in accordance with the recommended dietary ratio that is close to 1.

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Pertuzé, Ricardo, Rodrigo Bravo, and Paola Silva. "Radicchio ( Cichorium intybus l.) variety selection for the Chilean central area." Scientia Horticulturae 198 (January 2016): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.11.031.

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