Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cicéron (0106-0043 av. J.-C.) – Appréciation'
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Revello, Veronica. "Le Timée de Cicéron : histoire d'un texte philosophique, de la République romaine à sa réception tardive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025SORUL001.
Full textMy project aims to study one of the most problematic texts in the ancient philosophical tradition: Cicero's "Timaeus", a translation or, more accurately, a Latin adaptation of Plato's "Timaeus" by Cicero between 45 and 44 BC. I propose a transdisciplinary analysis of the work and its reception in order to shed light on the considerable influence of this text on the Latin and Western philosophical and cultural tradition over time. My thesis is situated at the crossroads of different perspectives that remain separate in ancient and medieval studies: philology, palaeography, ecdotics, and the study of the medieval reception of Cicero's "Timaeus"
Di, Santo Arfouilloux Simonetta. "Le torrent et la foudre : Cicéron et Démosthène : la question du sublime à la Renaissance et à l'Age classique." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0004.
Full textThis thesis aims to contradict two misconceptions about Longinus’ reception in the Renaissance and classical age, namely: 1. the treaty of Longinus does not concern a style, but a 'whatever' which transcends all categorization; 2. the treaty of Longinus is known only by a confidential manner. Our thesis proves otherwise. Querying the stylistic tradition and returning to the genesis of the genera dicendi, we show that Longinus is deeply rooted in the tradition of tripertita uarietas. The ὕψος is a genus dicendi full.However Περὶ ὕψους is also a text of the crisis which shows a willingness to go beyond the ciceronian tradition. This is a failed attempt, which traces remain in the comparison of Cicero and Demosthenes: torrent and lightning, δεινότης and copia. In this course we highlight the links between the ὕψος to the δεινός of Demetrios. The inventory of manuscripts, translations, editions issued at the Renaissance alone shows that the fortune of Longinus is far from average and that it permeates the cultural life of the Republic of Letters until the seventeenth century. This reading is not done at the expense of the original meaning of the treaty: for these re-readers Περὶ ὕψους is primarily a genus dicendi.Thus, Allacci Leone manages to capture the complex issues that relate δεινότης to the ὕψος in his De erroribus magnorum uirorum in dicendo (1635). The longinian sublime is also a genus dicendi in the Eloquentiae sacrae et humanae parallela (1619) that the Jesuit Nicolas Caussin wrtites in a purely redemptorist perspective, choosing to reduce the sublime to the copia
González, Rendón Diony. "Cicero Platonis Aemulus : une étude sur le De Legibus de Cicéron." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040009.
Full textThe following dissertation examines the reception of Plato’s philosophy in Rome, with special focus on how Marcus Tullius Cicero, between the years I to C. approximately, receives, studies, translates and imitates the work of the Greek philosopher. Furthermore, it analyses the way in which the Stoics received Plato’s philosophy, considering the fact that Roman Platonism, and that of Cicero in particular, was communicated by the Stoic teachers of Rome.This reception will be the starting point in order to comprehend Cicero’s imitation and emulation of the style andcontent in the dialogues of Plato, and to perceive similarities as well as dissimilarities in his philosophic doctrines. This dissertation will highlight the influence that Plato’s philosophy exerted on the development of the thoughts and philosophic language of Rome, as well as its contribution to Roman religion and legislation.The point of reference for this paper is the De Legibus by Marcus Tullius Cicero. The dialogue was not composedexclusively as an imitation of the style and content of Plato’s The Laws; instead, it reflects the importance of the Platonic dialogue as a model for the philosophic dialogues which Cicero formed, specifically the political and philosophical proposition that Cicero presents in De Oratore, De Re Publica and De Legibus.The process of imitation and emulation will be addressed from a linguistic perspective. In other words, an analysis ofhow Cicero translates the work of Plato will be followed by an observation of how Cicero adapts the rhetorical structure of the Platonic dialogue. Finally, the paper will discuss the notion of the natural law as an element through which it is possible to demonstrate the Platonism that encompasses Cicero’s De Legibus. It is also worth mentioning that Cicero’s Platonism was characterized by the continuous interchange with the various Stoic, Academics and Peripatetic traditions, the disputes with Epicureans, and the objections of a Roman society immersed in a political and spiritual crisis
Giorgio, Jean-Pierre de. "Recherches sur l'écriture autobiographique au Ier siècle av. J. -C. : autour de la Correspondance de Cicéron." Lille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL30009.
Full textWe tried in this work to deal with the problem of the expression of the self, in a period where lots of new experiences of personal writings were explored, even if autobiography did obviously not exist with its modern meaning. In the first part, we define the letter as a genre, examining its specific enonciative features. The second part tackles the problem of the political narration in the letters, in order to understand how and on which purpose the privatus and the familiaris show the public man. The third part tries to understand what kind of relationship an individual of this period can have with himself : as a matter of fact, writing letters is a way of trying to know one-self and seeking a kind of freedom in a period where this term, - we are at the end of the Republic -, has acquired new significations
Oliver-Coron, Florence. "La philosophie du quotidien dans la correspondance de Cicéron." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL3A007.
Full textHis letters reveal the numerous strategies that Cicero uses in order to make the best of his time. His philosophy applies to this concrete field and its even sometimes influenced by it. Cicero makes the best of the positive potential that bear the present and the circumstances, and he adjusts to them, even though he remains autonomous. He does his utmost to take advantage of lasting periods of time by choosing constructive habits and encouraging the continuity of positive aspects. In this search for stability, physical or material elements can help to minimize changes, that Cicero thinkd harmful overall ; he only accepts them when they are unavoidable. Lastly, writing and reading letters especially allow him to picture himself out of the real time, either in future, which gives him perspective on the present, either in his own temporality, that he can rearrange in a personal way, either in virtual evocations. Faced with the limits and the hardships that time imposes om him, Cicero can build, thanks to philosohy, ethics and a persona, between seriousness and jokes, between ideal and compromise
Pittia, Sylvie. "L'idéologie de l'argent dans les oeuvres philosophiques de Cicéron." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040059.
Full textWe study money, wealth and poverty questions in the philosophical works. The Greek origin of Cicero’s material being granted, his reflexion remains nonetheless pragmatic as it is tempered by roman history and uses. Eclectism should not appear as a weakness or a lack of originality in thought for it is methodical. We first examine the importance given by Cicero to poverty, especially when the wise man is at stake. The wise man is bound to govern the city: so he must pay attention to his patrimony. We then study how to acquire wealth by just means. What are the sources of profit that suit ciceronian morals? Lastly, we draw our attention to the use of the wealth. To what use should it be employed? To whom should it benefit? To conclude we sketch two figures, that of the good rich man and that of the bad. We underline the coherence of Cicero’s philosophical texts concerning money. We privilege the ideological value of this committed testimony, prudently confronting with the idea of its being representative of mentalities
Mory, Aude. "Rhétorique et droit chez Cicéron." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020071.
Full textRuzzetti-Rocca, Stefania. "L'art de l'orateur dans la première Catilinaire de Cicéron : essai d'analyse pragmatique : thèse." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE2003.
Full textCoze, Denis. "Le droit d'urgence et la théorie de l'exception dans les Philippiques de Cicéron." Paris 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA020113.
Full textCaesar's monarchy made possible an evolution toward the end of the republican form of government. The dictator's assassination thwarted it. Antony's attempts were crossed by cicero's purpose as expressed in the philippics of restoring republican institutions and reducing to nothing monarchical experiments which consisted in making new rules. Caesar's and antony's acts opposed republican laws. The violation of laws and senatus consulta by magistrates' material acts would bring about the state of emergency which left laws in abeyance. Private endeavours by virtue of exceptional legislation did substitute material authorities for competent legal authorities in order to restore previous legal order. The roman senate confirmed them. Emergency legislation would ratify exceptional endeavours. The gist of exceptional legislation is divine though its manifestations be personal. Emergency senatorial decrees were arranged in a pyramidal hierarchy of rules according to their specific effects. Repression was based upon the concord of citizens and on the authority of the consular that would possess the uppermost dignity. Cicero identified himself to the latter
Binot, Cyril. "Privatus : l'invention de l'individu à l'époque et dans l'œuvre de Cicéron." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20082.
Full textPriautus expresses the concept of individual, never enlighted for the time of Roman Republic, a holist society. The study of the word in Republican fonts, especially in Cicero, and in Livy's writings emphasizes it development at the end of the Republic ; it makes possible to find the relationship between the individual and the State, and his evolution. The individual disrupts the the traditional ideology and the Roman social structure, which used to surround the personal initiative. The construction of a new private sphere around the domus and the uita priuata defines again the relationship public/private. A process of individualization of power goes with Roman Revolution, the crisis of power being, on many aspects, a crisis of individual. In this context, Cicero tries to integrate this phenomenon and builds a theory of personal political involvement around the word priuatus ; he makes it a political concept of great importance
Martin, Esther. "Cicéron, lecteur de Platon : dans le De Oratore, le De Republica et le De Legibus." Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUEL626.
Full textThis work is an analysis of Cicero's intellectual relationship with Plato based on the notion of reading : what traces of Cicero's reading of Plato do we find in his work and how does reflecting on Plato's thoughts enable Cicero to elaborate his own ideas ? The analysis concerns De Oratore, De Republica and De Legibus. Firstly, it focuses on speech and eloquence, an area in which Cicero's reading of Plato reveals ideas conflicting with his own, disagreements that he tries to resolve. Secondly, it examines Cicero's reflections, after Plato , on the city and its constitution. Finally, it compares the views of Cicero and Plato on governance : legislation, the relationship between the governed and the governing and the quest for an ideal ruler. This approach enables us to understand the process of intellectual elaboration, and the uniqueness of the method of Cicero, at once a man of letters, a philosopher and a statesman
Cosma, Olivier. "Recherches sur le grand style dans les discours de Cicéron." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO31018.
Full textPicco-Archer, Estelle. "Exil et écriture : essai sur les oeuvres écrites par Cicéron, Ovide et Sénèque durand le temps de l'exil." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21006.
Full textLoutsch, Claude. "L'exorde dans les discours de Cicéron." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040121.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the persuasive function of the exordium in Cicero’s speeches. Part one surveys the ancient theories about exordia, such as we know them through the "De inventione" and the "De oratore" of Cicero himself and the "Rhetorica ad Herennium". The major part of the work is a rhetorical analysis of twenty-seven exordia belonging to speeches ranging over thirty-seven years (80-43 b. C. ) of the long oratorical career of the great roman statesman and lawyer. Each analysis demonstrates how Cicero, through an appropriate choice and arrangement of exordial themes, prepares his audience to listen sympathetically and attentively and intelligently to the subsequent argumentation. The underlying idea is that the orator aims mainly at efficiency. Part three is a general outline of the exordial topics in Cicero’s speeches. The most important conclusion of this study may be as follows: apart from senatorial speeches, where the exordium is purely informative, its function is mostly ethical and consists much less in introducing the matter under discussion than in presenting the persons involved; it enforces the reputation of the orator himself and enhances those qualities of his that under the circumstances are most likely to ensure him the confidence of his audience
Claisse, Muriel. "La brièveté dans les discours politiques de Cicéron." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE39059.
Full textThis study about "the brevity in Cicero's political speeches" fits in with researches on ancient rhetoric and contemporary studies on poetics. Although it is crucial to consider ancient theories on rhetoric –especially ciceronian rhetoric– in order to understand and read the orator's brevity, our own understanding of this notion will surely be enriched by the concept of brevity's revival by modern poetics. Following an inventory of the researches on brevity, I will cover the concept's history through rhetorical works known by Cicero. With the help of modern poetics' concepts, I will eventually develop and clear Cicero's intuitions when dealing –for example– with quidam cantus obscurior or actio. Such a reading of ciceronian brevity has practical outcomes, for it can lead to a new practice of translation which actually takes this brevity into consideration. This is why I propose as a conclusion a commented translation of the fourth Philippic
Léovant-Ciréfice, Véronique. "Cicéron et Atticus : les dialogues de la conscience." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040142.
Full textCicero's correspondence with Atticus proved to be an essential instrument both for his private and political thinking. It covers four clear-cut periods during which his style will alter according to biographical elements; his epistolary dealings with Atticus will become more frequent and, in the period from 49 to 44 b. C. , they will develop into a ritual he could not dispense with. In so far as it is rooted on friendship and shows all the typical features inherent to a true dialogue, this correspondence provides Cicero with a novel method of investigation. Like the Socratic dialogue, the letter is both a dialectical tool and a means to achieve self-introspection. It is particularly so during the civil war, at the time of Tullia’s death and after Caesar was murdered
Guillaumont, François. "Le De divinatione de Cicéron et les théories antiques de la divination." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040246.
Full textHermand-Schebat, Laure. "Pétrarque et Cicéron, étude d'une filiation à travers la correspondance de l'humaniste." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT3044.
Full textDeniaux, Élizabeth. "Commendatio : recommandations, patronages et clientèles à l'époque de Cicéron." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010653.
Full textThe Cicero's letters of recommendation are used as basic data for the study of clientele to political power relations at the end of the roman republic. The roman society was impregnated with a high sense of hierarchy. Consequently, the patron-client rules which had been codified in the ancient law were still enforced. Our purpose has been to analyze patron-client relationship not only on its legal bases but especially on practical examples. The study of recommendation letters produce evidence for some aspects of the multiple network of Cicero's friends and clients (either individual or collective clients). They played an important part in his political leadership in a world where the influence of friend groups was always shown to be powerful. The prosopographical method is used to identify the individuals and the study of the letters to recognize patronage practices of that time. Cicero acted as a broker in many cases such as elections, access to military command and to roman citizenship, support in financial benefits and in trials, and, at last, protection of individuals and properties when political circumstances were difficult. For instance, Cicero's strategical influence is shown in the case of his clients threatened by Caesar's colonization. Patronage is thus related to power in regard to decision-making and recommendation can be considered as one of its effective implement
Ionnatou, Marina. "Affaires d'argent dans la correspondance de Cicéron : l'aristocratie sénatoriale face à ses dettes." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020005.
Full textPartial expresion of a rather widespread indebtedness, the debt of the senatorial aristocracy is defined by the social rank and status of its members. The position of roman senators rested upon an agrarian base. Less well provided in money supply, they run into debt to finance the expenses commanded by senatorial dignitas. In other terms, senatorial debts arose out of the cost of political life, acquisition of producing country estates or urban properties and conspicuous consumption. The resulting indebtedness, far more ostentatious than speculative, appears as a consequence of the traditional ideals of acensitaryelite. Willing to observe the jus amicitiae, the roman senators mutually practice gratuitous credit services. Releasing upon the "noble intention to oblige", these non-interest bearing loans are essentially consented during crucial moments for an individual's status and life. Essentially informal, these credit operations contribute to consolidate the solidarity bonds between parents and friends. The utilitarian purposes of loan based upon friendship are revealed by its systematical practice. Roman senators willing to increase their capital of gratia, and financiers of high status wishing to compensate their abstention from politics voluntarily engaged their funds in gratuitous loans. But it also served to come over legal restrictions prohibiting the remuneration of advocates. Roman senators equally appeal to the services of specialised financiers. Most of them belonged to the upper classes. Practicing credit in all its forms, except the credit on auction sales, they are firmly distinguished of argentarii, bankers of a law social status exclusively occupied by moneylending and banking activites. Present in a lesser extend to cicero's correspondance than the formers, the latter ones appear to lent money, to serve as intermediairies during payment transactions and even to furnishe credit during auction sales. The aristocratic code of honour prescribed the convers, the latter ones appear to lent money, to serve as intermediaries during payment transactions and even to furnishe credit during auction sales. The aristocratic code of honour prescribed the convenable attitude to creditors and debtors: avoid to recover credit by justice, pay debt ponctually, without being in a hurry. Anywhow, the reality of roman system credit, largely based upon the offer of
Mouckaga, Hugues. "Esclaves et esclavage à travers l'oeuvre de Cicéron : esclaves et affranchis à la fin de la République romaine." Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REIML003.
Full textThe study of slavery has appeared again for ten years, through the scholars of the "school of Besancon". Their aim was to beacquainted with the roman society in order to understand better a piece of its history, and details of its evolution. Therefore, our study deals with their sillage. A study which is not only devoted to slavery, but also points out one of its outlines: emancipated slave at the end of the republic. We were helped by cicero, in order to understand well this society, he describes the slave through a series of literary devices such as the vocable, each word of which playing a specific role, the inferiority of the slave being revealed by his nakedness, and the ridiculous about him. Besides, more important than some human beings, the slave is described with a sort of glory, most of all when the stoicism and the power of the master are added to it. The emanciped slave cannot escaped this duality. Being set free during manumissio, his past is detrimental to him in private right and keeps on making him and inferior being
Guard, Thomas. "Memoria renovata : les valeurs de mémoire chez Ciceron." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/guard_t.
Full textLepetit, Marie-Laure. "La parole polémique chez Cicéron : histoire d'une vie." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040013.
Full textThe Antiquity knew the concept of polemic : if Rome allows, under some very well established circumstances insolent and unrestrained words, the law doesn't allow to commit either verbal or written personnal attacks. Nevertheless, although polemic maintains strong connection with oratorical art, it is not represented in any antique rhetoric treaty, it is a never agreed gender, with never fixed rules, as if the Ancients were ignoring or willing to ignore it. The stylistic studies of various Cicero's texts, political discourses and advocate's pleas, philosophical treaties and the intimate letters to friends and family, allowed us to highlight the originality of the polemic discourse compared to blame or invective. So could we achieve a rhetorical definition of polemic. Three main characteristics have been identified. Polemic is in constant metamorphosis, so there is not one type of polemical discourse but various polemical situations. Moreover, this complexity creates a monstruous character which prevents to settle inside the antique rhetoric system and obliges to always escape. This why the polemical discourse is not linked to the rhetoric of evidence but to a rhetoric of the implicit, of twilight
Shvueli, Iddo. "L'amitié chez Cicéron, entre un concept philosophique et une notion sociale." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040058.
Full textThe hypothesis of this research is that a private and subjective friendship (PSF in English, APS in French) necessarily exists in any society since it constitutes an inherent part of any individual qua a socio-affective and communicative being. The principal task of this research was to discover its linguistic signs and manifestations of its practices in Cicero. The conclusions of the study concerning the capital questions mentioned are the following: linguistically, there is no term which indicates a PSF relationship in Cicero. In his philosophy, the examination of the principal terms fundamental for the concept of 'friendship', indicates that Ciceronian 'amicitia' is determined by social and ethical conceptions of the Stoa. In addition, it is entirely ancored in the public sphere. In regards to the 'notion of friendship' and its corollary words, the expression 'amicitia' seems to be absolutely socio-politica.On the other hand, the linguistic pauverty is counterbalanced by the richness of indications affirming the existence of practices of PSF. The word 'privatus' in Cicero does not evoke the idea of the 'private sphere' as we had determined it. In a figurative sense, a private zone is created by means of exclusion in the correspondance, where one observes the existence of an intersubjective communication, notable with Atticus. Contrary to the theory of the 'four personae', which signals a relatively poor individual and subjective conception, the actual rapport with this particular friend is special, full of indications prooving intersubjectivity: corporal and spiritual recognition of the other as a unique subject, intense mutual affection and loyal support
Pic, Alain. "Augustin et Cicéron dans le "De civitate Dei V,9 : l'athéisme et la question de la prédestination et de la grâce." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20063.
Full textKardos, Marie-José. "La ville de Rome dans l'oeuvre de Cicéron : recherches littéraires et topographiques." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040273.
Full textWeisser, Sharon. "Eradication ou modération des passions ? : Le débat entre Péripatéticiens et Stoïciens à l'époque hellénistique et romaine." Paris, EPHE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPHE5014.
Full textThe dissertation deals with the history of the controversy concerning the passions between the Stoic notion of eradication of the passions and the Peripatetic notion of moderation of the passions. While it is recognized that this polemic played an important role in ancient philosophy, to date no attempt has been made to conduct an in-depth study devoted to tracing the contours of its evolution. This study is written from the perspective of intellectual history, and therefore, diachronic analysis of the sources is accorded preference over synchronic analysis. The aim is to attempt to analyze the dynamics and contents of the polemic in its various stages: thus not only to understand each school's notion of passion (pathos) and the argumentation underpinning it, but also to trace the historical evolution of the controversy. In addition to an attempt to understand the conceptual framework of the controversy, this study is articulated around three main goals : 1. To explain how at each given period the controversy intersected with other philosophical questions; 2. To shed light on the polemical mechanisms at work in the debate; and 3. To identify how philosophical identity was variously constructed through ethical debate
Mouchel, Christian. "Cicéron et Sénèque dans la rhétorique de la Renaissance : le débat sur "le meilleur style" dans la littérature érudite de 1555 à 1620." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040009.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to describe the debates concerning ciceronianism in the second half of the sixteenth century and the first quarter of the seventeenth century : is ciceronian eloquence entirely adapted to gnoseologic, ethic and esthetic requirements of the modern persuasion ? This problem (analyzed in the scholarly treatises of the period, generally written in Latin) may be summed up as the opposition between a sophistic or asianist eloquence and an inspired one, actualized by the opposition of Cicero and Seneca, and stylistically expressed by the antithesis of copia and brevitas. This debate, imbued with the erasmian appeal to a truthful eloquence, pervades all the compartments of "literature", understood at that time as the alliance of wisdom with convincing speech, but it finds a privileged utterance in the pulpit oratory one of the most fertile and representative fields of investigation in this period. The history of rhetoric from 1555 to 1620, admits of three phases, strictly united : a) the isocratic nature of the movement is first reformed by the ciceronians themselves, particularly Paulus Manutius, who subordinate the principle of concinnitas to the requirement of density and concentration formulated in the Pseudo-Longinus treatise on the sublime ; b) the ciceronian ideal of suave breadth is refused by the followers of Seneca, and their leader Justus Lipsius, who propose an ideal of intensity and laconism ; c) the Jesuit rhetors try to conciliate in the principle of concinnitas the two tendencies to suavity and intensity
Colle, Philippe. "Traduction du De inventione dialectica de Rodolphe Agricola." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALL027.
Full textTranslation of Rodolphe Agricola's De Inventione dialectica (1483). First full translation into French. The Middle Ages practised above all dialectic, i.e. the art of winning in a debate over an adversary. But for Agricola, it's also about teaching (docere), i.e. developing a presentation in front of an audience without prevention, but little initiated. Agricola seeks, from the authors and masters of the Antiquity, to obtain "abundance" (copia). These are the two goals of this treaty.The translation tries to make the difference in style associated with these two objectives : more rigorous in the dialectical chapters, but more fluid and imaged in passages where rhetoric dominates
Solmy, Fauque de Jonquières Céline. "Consensus et Concordia de la fin de la République à la mort d'Alexandre Sévère." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040142.
Full textThis research based on the study of literary sources, epigraphic texts, numismatic and archaeological searches to provide a better understanding of the imperial regime. The study begins with a brief history of the two concepts in the Republic and a study particularly in the works of Cicero. Then we analyze the establishment of the principate. The institutional change proposed by Augustus was possible only if it was accepted by all citizens. This change of regime was justified only if there were not the civil ward and if the concordia ciuilis existed. The principate could not maintain only if these two aspects can be keeping. We therefore examined this balance through the imperial investiture, the ceremony of the aduentus and time of death until the death of Alexander Severus. This analysis over a long period allows us to analyze the imperial power. The principes try always to follow the Augustan policy while introducing innovations that respond to claims of the populus Romanus of their time
Guérin, Charles. "L'élaboration de la notion rhétorique de "persona" au Ier siècle av. J. -C. : antécédents grecs et enjeux cicéroniens." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002535200204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis thesis intends to study the theoretical means by which the Latin rhetoric of the first century BCE has understood the ethical aspect of rhetorical performances and has progressively built a category suited to the peculiarities of the late Roman republic : the notion of persona, which, in its rhetorical meaning, corresponds to the merits mentioned by the orator in his own speech and to the ethos he conveys through his argumentation, style, voice and gestures. This work seeks to demonstrate that the notion of persona is no strict equivalent of the Greek notion of h\qo". It emphasizes therefore how historical and ideological contexts must be taken into account when rhetorical theory tries to deal with oratorical ethos. The first part of this study uses the Athenian theory of h\qo" and its political value as a reference in order to give the notion of persona its particular rhetorical meaning. It then becomes possible to study how this notion slowly emerges, detaches itself from Greek rhetorical tradition and takes into account the symbolical, ideological and practical realities of the Roman aristocratic environment in the anonymous Rhetorica ad Herennium and Cicero’s De inuentione. The last part of this study analyzes how Cicero gives a true theoretical status to the notion of persona in his mature works and uses it for philosophical and rhetorical purposes that are wider than they were in the first Latin rhetorical texts
Vesperini, Pierre. "Recherches sur les pratiques romaines de la Φίλοσοφία [filosofía] aux deux derniers siècles de la République." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070107.
Full textThe thesis scope is to show that Ancient Romans at the end of the Republic did not practised philosophia in the way Ancient Greeks did. A far cry from this now communis opinio, they invented new, specific practises. They banished all the religious dimension of Greek philosophical practises (rites of the Athenian schools, divinatory performances of philosophoi that were also initiators to mystery cults) as well as the homo-erotic relations common in the Greek scholai. Detached from its religious original contexts,philosophia became in Rome pure knowledge. Indeed its general meaning there was not « doctrine », « thought », as in today's world, but « encyclopaedic knowledge ». This encyclopaedic philosophia was used in various and compatible ways, but the scope was always to magnify (ornare) something, be it a temple (like Fulvius' temple of the Muses), a villa (e. G. Piso's villa dei Papiri), orator's eloquence and speech styles, behaviours and public identity (thus is interpreted Blossius' relationship to the Gracchi, and Cato's suicide), games and leisure hobbies (this is something I try to show by studying the relationship between Panaetius and Scipio Aemilianus, or between Philodemus and Piso), and, last but not least, the Latine literature (chapters are dedicated to 'Ennius'Annals, to Lucretius'Epicurean poem and to Cicero's dialogues). In a word, one could say that Romans transferred philosophia from the religious realm to the aesthetics, or from cult to culture, thus inventing a good deal of what we nowadays call « philosophy »
Blaise, Raphaël. "Mystère et révélation : Le ciel dans la philosophie romaine de Lucrèce à Sénèque." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040018.
Full textThe sky is omnipresent in the works of Roman philosophers of the 1st Century B.C. and the 1st Century A.D. It is present in the works of the Epicurian Lucretius, those of the neoacademician Cicero, and those of the Stoics Manilius and Seneca. This dissertation argues that there exists, beyond the differences between these thinkers as individuals, a unique gaze upon the sky that is proper to Roman philosophy. The sky is more than just an observable object; it is a representation. The Latins are the inheritors of a long tradition of the gaze: by raising their eyes skyward, they are simultaneously contemplating the sky of the Greek and Chaldean astrologi, that of the physicians, and that of the poets. Roman thought brings together all of these gazes in an original way: the philosophy of the sky is informed and enriched by both an astronomical dimension and by a metaphoric dimension. Nonetheless, the Latins have an ambiguous position with respect to astronomy: with the exception of Manilius, they are wary of this discipline, which is too far philosophy’s inferior. And yet, they cannot bear not to discuss it. Indeed, the metaphoric gaze becomes an integral part of philosophy’s project. The physical study of the sky certainly intends to desacralize it, but the authors’ fascination for the firmament frequently leads them to make it out to be a place apart. By virtue of its beauty and mystery, it becomes a symbol of human aspirations: it represents the ideal of virtue and could even reveal secrets usually reserved for the sage. Although careful not to yield to superstition, the Latins know how to contemplate with emotion: their philosophy of the sky is a philosophy of enthusiasm
Delannet, David. "Hamlet anti-orateur : la scène rhétorico-politique et le déplacement shakespearien de la tradition rhétorique." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010671.
Full textGaucher, Sarah. "La représentation de Lucilius chez Cicéron et Varron : influence des contextes et des pratiques de la citation sur la construction d'une figure littéraire." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN066.
Full textGiven the fragmentary nature of Lucilius’ works, scholars often rely on Horace’s testimony to describe the primus inuentor. In studying Lucilius’ quotes in Varro’s and Cicero’s writings, we hope to achieve a twofold objective. First, we aim to determine to what extent Lucilius’ depiction by Horace owes to the reception of the former’s œuvre. Then, more broadly, we will analyse the influence of the quotation process on the establishment of a literary figure, the selection of some passages, the change in meaning and the emphasis on a specific features of Lucilius’ work. Quotes of Lucilius by Cicero show that the satirist was in the Arpinate’s opinion above all a figurehead of libertas uerborum. Horace gives a similar portrayal of Lucilius, which academics associate with the context of the end of the Republic. Nevertheless, our thesis argues that, when stressing Lucilius’ outspokenness, Horace adopts a process dating back to the Republican era. Moreover, Cicero makes of Lucilius a poeta doctus et perurbanus. Drawing upon works on the urbanitas, our thesis gives an insight into the way that picture attunes with that of Lucilius liber in Cicero’s works. We also address the issue of omission: why is Lucilius’ doctrina, put into limelight by Cicero, overlooked by immediate posterity? Building on the bond between satirical genre and sermo according to Horace, our thesis dwells eventually on the relationship between Lucilius’ figure during the Republican age and several variations of sermo (cotidianus, comicus, Platonis and Bioneus). Horace is not dependent on Cicero and Varro per say but their quotations act as a system of cross-references, enabling in the end such a view on the genre
Drelon, Nicolas. "Les influences cicéroniennes dans les Lettres de Pline le Jeune : imitation, normes et distances." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30025.
Full textIn the collection of Letters, published at the beginning of the 2nd century AD., from a selection of « carefully written » texts, randomly taken in his personal correspondence, Pliny the Younger the notion of imitation is a recurring motif. In this book, Cicero is the most quoted author : his career as a speaker and the -no doubt posthumous- publication of his Correspondance represent prestigious exempla. In this thesis, we propose to analyze the place and the stakes of Ciceronian influences, in the Letters of Pliny. Our reflexion is based on the Plinian appropriation of theories of imitatio / aemulatio and on the place accorded to Cicero’s life and to his works, in the collective memory of the Roman elite. The Plinian conception of imitatio is relatively traditional, illustrating both Roman thought and practice, in several situations. It is first integrated into the process of training of the speaker. It is also a reproduction of behavior, particularly political, and a step in the development of a literary work. Above all, at the same it is also aemulatio, « rivalry » : an ambition and an attempt to equal and exceed the model. Pliny multiplies and interweaves the processes which arouse Ciceronian reminiscences in his reader : precise intertextuality, « pastiche », references and rewritings, same narrative situations. Imitatio and aemulatio cum Cicerone, in various situations, build a valued image of himself. In several letters, Pliny recounts various moments of his public speaking career and the cases in which he spoke. He reconstructs this career, awakening memories of Cicero. The texts of the Arpinate are a coherent normative set, which gives to the Plinian oratory action an ethical (conquest of gloria, defense of the common good, respect for officia, decorum), rhetoric (Pliny, as student of Quintilian, obeys Ciceronian doctrine) and pragmatic framework. Whatever the reality of the cases, the Letters illustrates the Ciceronian ideal : the Plinian orator is man who is engaged in the city, appreciated by scholars but, above all, able to have an effective speech. In private contexts, Pliny continues the imitatio / aemulatio cum Cicerone relationship : the otium litteratum, the composition of love-poems, the illness of a freedman, the writing of a consolation and the expression of suffering are situations in which Pliny appeals, more or less explicitly, to the memory of the Arpinate. We consider that the text is based on complicity between the author and the reader : Pliny plays to recreate Ciceronian situations and the reader is invited, in a playful way, to identify and interpret the marks of connections between the author and the Arpinate. Beyond a strategy of self-celebration or ethical justification, the imitatio cum Cicerone and Ciceronian influences are therefore akin to a playful process of literary creation
Gavoille, Élisabeth. "Ars, étude sémantique et historique du mot latin jusqu'à l'époque cicéronienne." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040349.
Full textThis thesis is a semantic study of the word ars. It begins at the commencement of Latin literature and includes the ciceronian era, the perspective being both lexicographic and historical. After the etymological research, which highlights the fundamental elements of order and of ability for organization, the various meanings of ars are classified applying the methods of componential analysis. The evolution of this semantic structure is seen on two levels: the archaic period and the first century (dominated globally by cicero). During this second era new meanings of ars began to appear ("a special science", "a technique or method", "a theory, system" and "a treatise"), essentially borrowed from the Greek word techne, from which ars is the Latin counterpart, notably apparent in rhetorical and philosophical works. These new definitions do not replace the older ones ("skill" and "behavior, practices", "professional skill, craftsmanship" and "a profession, craft"): the plural artes bonae, which can be synonymous with artes liberales (the basis of a free man culture) was used concurrently to designates the traditional roman virtues as opposed to the Greek uirtules. Out of this study one surmises that ars like techne is not limited to practical knowledge but provides for a larger explanation of human knowledge
Goyet, Francis. "Rhétorique et littérature : le "lieu commun" à la Renaissance, "sive de grandiloquentia"." Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120007.
Full textThe words 'commpnplace"' and 'commonplaces' have a dozen meanings during the xvith and xviith centuries. We may consider three main meanings : i, the oratorical development of a great principle; ii, a collection organized by headings; iii, the more traditional 'loci', definition, description, etymology, etc. The first is by far the more important. It takes the two first sections (out of three) to analyse it. In the de inventione of cicero, the commpnplace or 'indignatio' is eloquence at its peak : for example, against parricide in general. It is par excellence the time for the movere, for the greatest emotion. Indignation gives irresistible violence or 'sublime' to the whole speech, thus giving it its internal coherence. During the xvith century, melanchthon is the thinker who gives full importance to the commonplaces. The german reformer sees them as the means to teach the doctrine. Hence all these loci communes, title which names first of all theological summae, against the catholics. Melanchthon blames the erasmian taste for compilations of all sorts, and he gives examples of what a methodical indexation (cf. Ramus) should be. 'commonplaces' comes to name any encyclopaedic compilations. In the process, the movere has been lost and replaced by the docere : by the teaching of 'truths' i. E of norms. A long analysis of the pro milome attempts to measure the strong and weak points of melanchthon's own approach
Mabboux, Carole. "Cicéron et la Commune : présence(s) d’une autorité rhétorique et politique dans la culture civique citadine : (XIIIe-XIVe siècles)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH036.
Full textCicero’s writings on rhetoric (De inventione, Rhetorica ad Herennium) and on society (De officiis, De amicitia, De senectute) are well known in Italian city-states of Late Middle Ages. Lay intellectuals often use the character and his texts in order to give a model of perfect citizen and of successful political speech. Considered as an auctoritas, Cicero’s precepts on rhetoric are invested in ars concionandi, intended for the men in power, and transposed in written version in ars dictaminis, in practice in each chancery. Communal notaries and judges are then deeply involved in theoretical elaboration of the rules of an ethically and efficiently good discourse. It is not a surprise to find some of them as first translators of Ciceronian rhetoric in vernacular languages. At the same time, libri de regimine are profiling distinctive aspects of communal government. Promoter of the vita activa and defender of a shared power, Cicero seems to be the perfect spokesman of this project. Quoted in political treatises (sometimes mistakenly), his definitions of common good, of justice or of honestum contribute to the legitimation of a power promoting itself as recollection of Roman republic.Nevertheless, Cicero’s figure is transformed by communal ideals in return. The selection of a few passages of his work reveals a contextualized reading of Cicero’s texts: specific to communal spirit, or even to some urban groups. Using Cicero’s example is not neutral, politically and socially, as we could see exploring the disparate treatment made of his character and his texts in the sources
Lietz, Beatrice. "Pour une étude de la religion en Sicile à l’époque républicaine : la Sicile vue de Rome dans les Verrines de Cicéron." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP057.
Full textCultural and religious contact has been extensively studied over the last few decades, covering many different periods and contexts in classical Antiquity. However, very little attention has been paid to Roman Sicily during the Republic. Nevertheless, new research has shown that the island continued to thrive under Roman rule, with a variety of cultural influences coming together within the framework of Hellenistic «koine». This work aims at reconstructing religious contact in this very particular context, using the evidence provided by Cicero’s speeches against Verres. Part one is a sketch of all the cults mentioned in the speeches; part two focuses on the way Roman presence made an impact on local practices and part three tries to determine how the Romans perceived Sicilian religion. Results will show that Republican Sicily was not the home of a declining Greek culture, but a lively harbour of cultural exchange
Paulson, Alexander. "Voluntas : force d’âme, libre arbitre et volonté du peuple chez Cicéron." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040197.
Full textThe will : few words feature in so many distinct debates, nor range so vastly from the simple to the sacred. This thesis is intended to provide a thorough study of the notion of will in Cicero, and of the new semantic pathways he opens for posterity. The role attributed to him in genealogies of the will has been relatively minor. But digital archives confirm a curious fact: all extant Latin texts prior to his lifetime yield around two dozen occurrences of voluntas and its cognates. In the texts we have, Cicero uses the word 644 times. His theology examines the character of the world determined by the mens ac voluntas of the gods, and the improvement of the soul in the contemplation of divine will. Voluntas propels and inspires Cicero’s study of emotion in criminal liability. In the Tusculan Disputations and De officiis, he adapts Stoic ethics to propose the will as locus of moral progress. Further, it was Cicero, not Lucretius as some have argued, who first considered the “freedom” of human will – as a 36-year-old prosecutor, and then in the De fato, where his argument for libera voluntas marshals the Stoa and Academy to repudiate the Epicureans. Finally, Cicero invents “the will of the people” as we know it. Rome’s greatest orator and the pioneer of political thought in Latin, he makes voluntas populi the catalyzing force of a sovereign republic. So too does he sow problems of elite “trusteeship” into his notion of popular will, problems which electoral democracies still struggle to resolve
Iacoboni, Anna. "La valeur politique du mos maiorum au Ier siècle avant J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040194.
Full textMos maiorum is based on memory and it has an oral nature. The Quiritary Law was primarily based on mores. They regulated the the way of living both of familiae and patrician gentes. Prior to the writing of Twelve Tables, the law was oral and the knowledge as well as the interpretation of the law were the prerogatives of the pontiffs. The oral nature of the tradition makes it possible for the patricians and, then, for the patrician-plebeian nobility to provoke its political manipulation. Thereafter, we will enlighten the transition from the Pontifical Law to secular iurisprudentia, which appears approximately at the 3rd century BC. We will also clarify the evolution of relations between the auctoritas of the ruling class and the claim for equity in the legal area appealed by the people. We will shed light on the crisis of tradition in the late republican era. The calling to the mos maiorum by Cicero and Sallust is a part of the project to implement a political renewal of the res publica on a moral basis. Mos maiorum is mentioned in the hope of returning to the res publica of maiores. However, at that time, the state collapses and citizens are not equal to their ancestors. Both Cicero and Sallust are aware that tradition can not be a model in their time. Indeed, the latter has changed profoundly over time. Moreover, the evocation of the mos maiorum is put both by the optimates and by the populares for opposite political purposes. A tendency to widespread individualism in the late-republican society is the cause of the collapse of the res publica
Parent, Hélène. "Modernes Cicéron : la romanité des orateurs d’assemblée de la Révolution française et de l’Empire (1789-1807)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100063.
Full textThe cult of Antiquity, especially about Ancient Rome, among the speakers of the assemblies during the French Revolution, is a commonplace which was built as early as Thermidor and which is enduring as far as today. This fact contributes to the idea that the revolutionary eloquence is off-putting, from the aesthetic point of view – because it would remain committed to the patterns of a classical rhetoric deemed to be out-dated – as well as from the political and moral points of view – because it would have contributed to legitimate the violence. This study proposes a revaluation of these speakers’ romanity and of the analyses which were done about it in the past, with particular attention paid to the regeneration of the figure of the political speaker. The working corpus is composed of 329 speeches made by 168 speakers during the period from the beginning of the constituent assembly (1789) to the removal of the Tribunate by Napoleon Bonaparte (1807). This corpus enables to show that, thanks to the position of vir bonus dicendi peritus that he must assume in the city, according to the model drawn up by Cicero, the political speaker is a king of melting-pot which is able to receive a collective imagination, to transform it, then to convey and disseminate it. For this reason, he is a key element of the circulation of cultural representations establishing the modern age, and it takes part in the building of a national imagined community. Therefore, the revolutionary romanity, far from being a simple rhetoric ornament, and if it is regarded as a simultaneous language, ethos and set of textual patterns, becomes the material of a story of the modern nation’s origins, told and written in an epical register, which will be reinvested by the historians and writers during all the XIXth century
Dalsasso, Paola. "Dal teatro al foro : tragedia, commedia e mimo nell orazioni di Cicerone anteriori alla pretura." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30020.
Full textMy study focuses on the analysis of Cicero’s early speeches, from the beginning of his forensic career until 68 BC, when he reached the rank of praetor: Pro Quinctio; Pro Roscio Amerino; Pro Roscio comoedo; the seven orations In Verrem; Pro Fonteio; Pro Caecina. My work encouraged further significant contributions to the interpretation of the speeches examined, thus confirming the effectiveness of a critical approach which recognizes the crucial influence of theatre on Cicero’s oratory. Indeed, he made reference to theatre for the purposes of rhetorical persuasion by means of different strategies: explicit or allusive references to famous characters belonging to the world of theatre and, in particular, comedy; quotations from dramatic texts (even allusively); use of metaphors and images drawn from the stage. Furthermore, in the light of this overall view, this connection resulted to be often associated with a depreciating intent, i.e., by developing a rhetorical strategy aimed at attacking the opponent by means of such theatrical references. Consistently with the results of my analysis of Cicero’s rhetorical works and letters, we may identify a unifying and distinctive feature in the theatrical references within the genre of oratory, at least as regards the early Ciceronian speeches: the idea that the world of theatre belongs to literary fiction (fabulae, ineptiae, nugae) within a dimension other than that of reality. Conversely, the connection with reality and truth is a statutory feature of oratory. Therefore, the transition of such subjects from the theatre to the forum requires an adaption to the oratorical context
Aubert-Baillot, Sophie. "Per dumeta : recherches sur la rhétorique des Stoïciens à Rome, de ses origines grecques jusqu'à la fin de la République." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040123.
Full textAs the science of speaking well, in which « speaking well » means « telling the truth », Stoic rhetoric is akin to an anti-rhetoric. Valuing brevity, refusing to excite passions, inapt at persuading its audience, it rejects every characteristic of traditional oratory and leans towards philosophical dialectics. However, the disparity between strict precepts and a wide range of oratorical practices encourages us to examine whether this theory may not allow a more open interpretation, especially as Stoic rhetorical doctrines changed with time and with the succession of Scholarchs. It seems that when it first took root in Rome, as early as 155 B. C. With Diogenes of Babylon, Stoicism had not yet formulated a clear message on a subject which had been conflicting with philosophy since the Gorgias. Because of the links between Panaetius and Scipio’s circle, Stoicism influenced the way many aristocrats, among whom Fannius, Tubero, Rutilius Rufus and Cato Uticensis, both lived and practised eloquence. Wavering between two poles of attraction - Cynicism and Aristotelianism - Stoic rhetoric had such a strong influence on most Latin writers, as a model to be either followed or rejected, that Cicero had to organise a rigorous strategic dispute, both stylistic and philosophical, against it. In so doing, he helped to acclimatise it to Rome and to adapt it to Latin language and culture, while suggesting that the antinomy between Stoic philosophy and rhetoric, though real, was not inevitable
Avila, Patrice. "Dignitas et urbanitas : aspects et contraintes des normes sociales de Cicéron à Pline le Jeune, dans les milieux sénatoriaux et équestres, à Rome et en Italie, de la fin de la République au Haut-Empire." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30062.
Full textThe Roman society, during the end of the Republic and the High Empire, began, defined and affirmed an identity, a concept : the Romanity. This identity combines Roman traditions and additions of cultures like the Hellenistic civilization. In parralel the elite develops a culture that will become the rank marker of a whole group. The members of the high society recognise themselves through cultural and social practices identifying and differentiating them from their contemporaries. This thesis addresses the social norms that govern the daily life of the senatorial and equestrian order, and the restraints to which individuals must submit. It is organized around three major axes : the individuals, the great highlights of daily life and the places of life. This search describes a society heir to a long tradition reinterpreted and transmitted. The tradition, with virtues and values, has become, for the elite, the guarantor of the sustainability of a Roman identity. The diversity of this approach shows the spread of this socio-cultural model in the elite but also in the society and the empire. Men, women, children, freedmen and slaves contribute to giving an image of the social norms that govern Roman society. All are serving the familia and especially the master. The goal, for the elite is to being a social model, a model of virtue : the boni uiri
Dehut, Julien. "Rhétorique et informatique : à la source des humanités numériques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023NORMR084.
Full textThis study is dedicated to the links between computing and rhetoric, and more particularly to the way we interact with interfaces. To this end, we have mobilized a part of the ancient rhetoric's corpus which we have tried to create a discussion with some contemporary writing on this issue. We first questioned the notion of rhetoric itself to see if it was possible to apply it to computer science. Once a framework was determined, we looked with Cicero, but even more with Aristotle to apprehend in what the ancient perspective could allow us to highlight some mechanisms that are at stake when using computers. We examined the role of the _decorum_, but also of the enthymeme and metaphor. We have tried to approach each of these notions as closely as possible to the thinking of their authors in order to allow us to shed light on how users understand what to do with computer interfaces. This perspective also allows us to highlight implicit mechanism, but also limitations and even failures from a number of examples. An interface similar to a word processor has been created in this study. This makes it possible to produce complex documents independently of the file format. It is for us to validate a number of our hypotheses and to propose an application to our approach
Langlois-Pézeret, Catherine, and Étienne Dolet. "Étienne Dolet ou la couronne d’Hercule : édition, traduction et étude littéraire des Carmina (1538)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040057.
Full textEtienne Dolet (1508-1546), renowned for his tragic death on the stake, is also an intellectual and a Neo-Latin poet. After his famous Commentarii linguae latinae, he published a collection of epigrams entitled Carmina in 1538, which are event poems about various subjects. Follower of a minor genre and of a flexible metric, Dolet does not forget, as a civic humanist, to give to his pen a political, avenging or moralizing mission. Ciceronianist, he reveals free in the field of the imitation and in his treatment of the epigram, which oscillates between tradition and innovation. His poems, as well as two later collections, Genethliacum Claudii Doleti (1539) and Francisci Valesii Gallorum Regis Fata (1539), reflect the attraction of their author for various philosophic spheres of influence but especially seem to testify of the influence of the free thinker Pomponazzi
Montlahuc, Pascal. "Le pouvoir des bons mots : "faire rire" et politique à Rome du milieu du IIIe siècle a.C. à l'avènement des Antonins." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC130.
Full textThis work explores the links between risum mouere and Roman political competition from the two last centuries of the Republic to the beginnings of the Principate. It is necessary to go beyond a critical discussion of the influential theories of the good orator and homo urbanus (mostly conceptualized by Cicero and Quintilian) and instead to adopt a historicizing and complex reading of the phenomenon, conceiving political humor as an ever-changing object shaped by orators, jokes, audiences, and political struggles. In order to understand its role in the roman city, political humor thus needs to be considered as a contextualized whole. The first part of the dissertation considers risum mouere in the context of trials, in the Senate, on the Forum, in the street or at war. Each of these case studies reveals a type of political humor that is freely and openly used in public life. The second part tries to determine what impact Caesar’s rise and the triumvirs had on political competition and, at the same time, on the possibilities of using political humor in the city. This section sheds light on the multiple ways in which the aristocrats and people of Rome continued to mock the powerful (Caesar, Antony and Octavian) by using more discreet channels (correspondence, graffiti, triumphal songs), and how these enabled them to keep expressing strong political opposition, which was otherwise dangerous to address in broad daylight. The third and last part focuses on the first century A.D. and discusses the opposition elaborated by ancient authors between the “good prince”, who was naturally comfortable with political humor, and the repressive “tyrant”. A critical study of the literary documentation shows that every Princeps tended to discourage political humor when it meant an effective danger for the imperial authority, but also that emperors knew how to use laughter and humor to create a form of “inapproachable approachability” which constituted a foundation of imperial charisma and strengthened the new regime, born from the “Roman revolution”
Naslednikov, Wladimir. "Naissance et développement du concept de crime contre l’humanité." Artois, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ARTO0301.
Full textThe concept of crime against humanity cannot be understood as a simple legal notion. The study of this concept passes through five terms : Psychology, Law, History, Politics, Philosophy. Ciceron, saint Augustine, Vitoria, Erasmus, Grotius, built up a millenary doctrine about Humanitas, introducing the future concept of crime against humanity. The absolute vulnerability of human being is expressed in the 14th century by the concept of Summa paupertas. The negation of the very high poverty of Christ, by the pope claming an absolute power upon mankind, is understood by Guillaume d’Ockham (1285-1347) as a crime against humanity of Christ. A second meaning of the concept is given by Maximilien Robespierre in his writings “ Sur les événements du 10 août 1792 ”. Clemency towards royalty means a crime against people humanity. The King Louis XVI is called a “ criminel envers l’humanité ”. The third meaning of the concept becomes a legal incrimination during Nuremberg Trials (1945-1946). The legal and philosophical concept of crime against mankind humanity means at this moment the fall of Nazism. Stalingrad remembrance and Treblinka remembrance are linked in the concept of crime against humanity. Turkish trials (1919) about armenian genocide, Eichmann trial (1961) in Jerusalem about jewish genocide, and french trials (Klaus Barbie, 1987, Paul Touvier, 1994, Maurice Papon, 1998), express connection between the State criminality against civilian population and the crime against humanity. The creation of an International Criminal Tribunal (1993) for ex-Yougoslavia and for Rwanda (1994), and the constitution of a permanent International Criminal Court decided in Rome (1998), mean the worldwide institutionalization of the concept of crime against humanity