Journal articles: 'Cicada'

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Wan, Hui, Haibo Dong, and Kuo Gai. "Computational investigation of cicada aerodynamics in forward flight." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 12, no. 102 (January 2015): 20141116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1116.

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Free forward flight of cicadas is investigated through high-speed photogrammetry, three-dimensional surface reconstruction and computational fluid dynamics simulations. We report two new vortices generated by the cicada's wide body. One is the thorax-generated vortex, which helps the downwash flow, indicating a new phenomenon of lift enhancement. Another is the cicada posterior body vortex, which entangles with the vortex ring composed of wing tip, trailing edge and wing root vortices. Some other vortex features include: independently developed left- and right-hand side leading edge vortex (LEV), dual-core LEV structure at the mid-wing region and near-wake two-vortex-ring structure. In the cicada forward flight, approximately 79% of the total lift is generated during the downstroke. Cicada wings experience drag in the downstroke, and generate thrust during the upstroke. Energetics study shows that the cicada in free forward flight consumes much more power in the downstroke than in the upstroke, to provide enough lift to support the weight and to overcome drag to move forward.

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Nguyen, Hoa Q., Desiree K. Andersen, Yuseob Kim, and Yikweon Jang. "Urban heat island effect on cicada densities in metropolitan Seoul." PeerJ 6 (January 12, 2018): e4238. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4238.

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Background Urban heat island (UHI) effect, the ubiquitous consequence of urbanization, is considered to play a major role in population expansion of numerous insects. Cryptotympana atrata and Hyalessa fuscata are the most abundant cicada species in the Korean Peninsula, where their population densities are higher in urban than in rural areas. We predicted a positive relationship between the UHI intensities and population densities of these two cicada species in metropolitan Seoul. Methods To test this prediction, enumeration surveys of cicada exuviae densities were conducted in 36 localities located within and in the vicinity of metropolitan Seoul. Samples were collected in two consecutive periods from July to August 2015. The abundance of each species was estimated by two resource-weighted densities, one based on the total geographic area, and the other on the total number of trees. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors critical for the prevalence of cicada species in the urban habitat. Results C. atrata and H. fuscata were major constituents of cicada species composition collected across all localities. Minimum temperature and sampling period were significant factors contributing to the variation in densities of both species, whereas other environmental factors related to urbanization were not significant. More cicada exuviae were collected in the second rather than in the first samplings, which matched the phenological pattern of cicadas in metropolitan Seoul. Cicada population densities increased measurably with the increase in temperature. Age of residential complex also exhibited a significantly positive correlation to H. fuscata densities, but not to C. atrata densities. Discussion Effects of temperature on cicada densities have been discerned from other environmental factors, as cicada densities increased measurably in tandem with elevated temperature. Several mechanisms may contribute to the abundance of cicadas in urban environments, such as higher fecundity of females, lower mortality rate of instars, decline in host plant quality, and local adaptation of organisms, but none of them were tested in the current study. Conclusions In sum, results of the enumeration surveys of cicada exuviae support the hypothesis that the UHI effect underlies the population expansion of cicadas in metropolitan Seoul. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms for this remain untested.

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Cooley, John R., Nidia Arguedas, Elias Bonaros, Gerry Bunker, Stephen M. Chiswell, Annette DeGiovine, Marten Edwards, et al. "The periodical cicada four-year acceleration hypothesis revisited and the polyphyletic nature of Brood V, including an updated crowd-source enhanced map (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada)." PeerJ 6 (July 31, 2018): e5282. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5282.

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The periodical cicadas of North America (Magicicada spp.) are well-known for their long life cycles of 13 and 17 years and their mass synchronized emergences. Although periodical cicada life cycles are relatively strict, the biogeographic patterns of periodical cicada broods, or year-classes, indicate that they must undergo some degree of life cycle switching. We present a new map of periodical cicada Brood V, which emerged in 2016, and demonstrate that it consists of at least four distinct parts that span an area in the United States stretching from Ohio to Long Island. We discuss mtDNA haplotype variation in this brood in relation to other periodical cicada broods, noting that different parts of this brood appear to have different origins. We use this information to refine a hypothesis for the formation of periodical cicada broods by 1- and 4-year life cycle jumps.

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Logan, D. P., and B. J. Maher. "Options for reducing the number of chorus cicada Amphipsalta zelandica (Boisduval) in kiwifruit orchards." New Zealand Plant Protection 62 (August 1, 2009): 268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4794.

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Chorus cicadas are regarded as a potential constraint to the productivity of kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand However limited research has been conducted on their management In this study the efficacy of insecticides and cultural methods to reduce numbers of cicadas in kiwifruit was determined Chlorpyrifos and thiamethoxam applied to eggnests did not reduce cicada hatch Soil application of thiamethoxam and pymetrozine at 800 g ai/ha did not reduce numbers of cicada nymphs in soil or emerging from soil to moult to adults Hoeing to a depth of 10 cm and application of a groundcover effectively reduced numbers of emerged cicada nymphs by 4050 Failure of insecticide treatments may be related to dry soil conditions and further trials of insecticides may be warranted Biological and cultural options such as the development of a biopesticide should also be considered as a more sustainable option to insecticides

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EDOH, KOSSI, DERKE HUGHES, and RICHARD KATZ. "NONLINEARITY IN CICADA SOUND SIGNALS." Journal of Biological Systems 21, no. 01 (January 31, 2013): 1350004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339013500046.

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The nonlinearity of acoustic signals produced by male cicadas and their propagation in the atmosphere using the theory of dynamical systems and partial differential equations are explored in this paper. Previous research using a Volterra equation has shown that the signal data from the vibrations of cicada tymbals and that from the recordings of the acoustic signals about 5 inches away from the cicada exhibit some nonlinear characteristics. The experimental results shown in this paper confirm the nonlinearity of the signals farther from the cicada. A number of nonlinear acoustic signal propagation models are discussed — among them the Burgers' equation which has been implemented and whose results are quite promising.

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HADLEY, NEIL F., MICHAEL C. QUINLAN, and MICHAEL L. KENNEDY. "Evaporative Cooling in the Desert Cicada: Thermal Efficiency and Water*sol;Metabolic Costs." Journal of Experimental Biology 159, no. 1 (September 1, 1991): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.159.1.269.

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Using plant xylem water for evaporative cooling, the desert cicada Diceroprocta apache can maintain a body temperature as much as 5°C below ambient (Ta=42°C). Simultaneous measurements of water loss and gas exchange for cicadas feeding on perfused twigs show substantial increases in transpiration at temperatures at which evaporative cooling begins (between 37 and 38°C), but only modest increases in Vo2 and Vco2. The extent and duration of evaporative cooling depend on the cicada's hydration state and the rate of water flux from cuticular pores located on the surface of the thorax and abdomen.

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Glon, Mael G., and Roger F. Thoma. "An observation of the use of devil crayfish (Cambarus cf. diogenes) burrows as brooding habitat by eastern cicada killer wasps (Sphecius speciosus)." Freshwater Crayfish 23, no. 1 (December 31, 2017): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5869/fc.2017.v23-1.55.

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Abstract Burrowing crayfish are a polyphyletic group of crayfish adapted to life in habitats where surface water is only intermittently available. The burrowing activity of these crayfish creates refugia for numerous other species, making them allogenic ecosystem engineers. While excavating devil crayfish burrows in a roadside ditch in Southern Indiana, USA, a large cicada killer wasp carrying an even larger cicada landed near the authors. The wasp spent a few minutes manipulating its prey, then took flight and flew directly into an unoccupied crayfish burrow in the roadside ditch. The wasp emerged approximately ten minutes later without the cicada and flew away. Female cicada killer wasps typically excavate brooding burrows consisting of numerous cells in which they deposit cicadas for their young to feed on upon hatching. We believe that this particular cicada killer wasp was in the process of provisioning a brooding cell, but used a crayfish burrow instead of digging its own burrow, possibly to save energy. To our knowledge, use of a crayfish burrow by a cicada killer wasp has not been documented before and adds to the list of organisms that benefit from the ecosystem engineering of burrowing crayfish, highlighting the importance of giving these crayfish appropriate conservation attention.

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SANBORN, ALLEN F., POLLY K. PHILLIPS, and ROBERT W. SITES. "Biodiversity, biogeography, and bibliography of the cicadas of Thailand (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae)." Zootaxa 1413, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1413.1.1.

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A total of 148 species in 35 genera of cicadas is reported for Thailand. Of these, 11 species and one genus (Muda) are reported for the first time from the country. Fifteen undescribed species were discovered (to be described at a later date), in our collections and among museum holdings, thereby adding to the diversity of the known cicada fauna of Thailand. Ten other species are removed from the Thai cicada fauna. Major areas of diversity are the northwestern region of the country and peninsular Thailand.

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Simon, Chris, Eric R. L. Gordon, M. S. Moulds, Jeffrey A. Cole, Diler Haji, Alan R. Lemmon, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, et al. "Off-target capture data, endosymbiont genes and morphology reveal a relict lineage that is sister to all other singing cicadas." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 128, no. 4 (October 13, 2019): 865–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz120.

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Abstract Phylogenetic asymmetry is common throughout the tree of life and results from contrasting patterns of speciation and extinction in the paired descendant lineages of ancestral nodes. On the depauperate side of a node, we find extant ‘relict’ taxa that sit atop long, unbranched lineages. Here, we show that a tiny, pale green, inconspicuous and poorly known cicada in the genus Derotettix, endemic to degraded salt-plain habitats in arid regions of central Argentina, is a relict lineage that is sister to all other modern cicadas. Nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies of cicadas inferred from probe-based genomic hybrid capture data of both target and non-target loci and a morphological cladogram support this hypothesis. We strengthen this conclusion with genomic data from one of the cicada nutritional bacterial endosymbionts, Sulcia, an ancient and obligate endosymbiont of the larger plant-sucking bugs (Auchenorrhyncha) and an important source of maternally inherited phylogenetic data. We establish Derotettiginae subfam. nov. as a new, monogeneric, fifth cicada subfamily, and compile existing and new data on the distribution, ecology and diet of Derotettix. Our consideration of the palaeoenvironmental literature and host-plant phylogenetics allows us to predict what might have led to the relict status of Derotettix over 100 Myr of habitat change in South America.

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Łukasik, Piotr, Rebecca A. Chong, Katherine Nazario, Yu Matsuura, De Anna C. Bublitz, Matthew A. Campbell, Mariah C. Meyer, et al. "One Hundred Mitochondrial Genomes of Cicadas." Journal of Heredity 110, no. 2 (December 22, 2018): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esy068.

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Abstract Mitochondrial genomes can provide valuable information on the biology and evolutionary histories of their host organisms. Here, we present and characterize the complete coding regions of 107 mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadoidea), representing 31 genera, 61 species, and 83 populations. We show that all cicada mitogenomes retain the organization and gene contents thought to be ancestral in insects, with some variability among cicada clades in the length of a region between the genes nad2 and cox1, which encodes 3 tRNAs. Phylogenetic analyses using these mitogenomes recapitulate a recent 5-gene classification of cicadas into families and subfamilies, but also identify a species that falls outside of the established taxonomic framework. While protein-coding genes are under strong purifying selection, tests of relative evolutionary rates reveal significant variation in evolutionary rates across taxa, highlighting the dynamic nature of mitochondrial genome evolution in cicadas. These data will serve as a useful reference for future research into the systematics, ecology, and evolution of the superfamily Cicadoidea.

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AHMED, ZUBAIR, and ALLEN F. SANBORN. "The cicada fauna of Pakistan including the description of four new species (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae)." Zootaxa 2516, no. 1 (June 23, 2010): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2516.1.2.

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The first faunal analysis of the cicadas of Pakistan is provided. Field work and museum study has added significantly to the known cicada fauna of Pakistan. Literature records provide evidence for 18 species inhabiting what is currently Pakistan. The first records of Platypleura basialba (Walker), Platypleura mackinnoni Distant, Cicadatra persica Kirkaldy, Cicadatra xantes (Walker), Meimuna velitaris (Distant), Haphsa nicomache (Walker), and Paharia putoni (Distant) are provided. Psalmocharias balochii sp. n., Psalmocharias chitralensis sp. n., Psalmocharias gizarensis sp. n. and Psalmocharias japokensis sp. n. are described as new. These are the first records of members of the genera Meimuna Distant and Haphsa Distant in Pakistan. The new records and new species represent a 61% increase in faunal diversity. The cicada fauna of Pakistan now comprises of a total of 29 species from 13 genera, five tribes and three subfamilies. These data provide a more accurate understanding of cicada diversity at the junction of the Oriental and Palaearctic regions.

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Bennet-Clark, H. C., and D. Young. "A MODEL OF THE MECHANISM OF SOUND PRODUCTION IN CICADAS." Journal of Experimental Biology 173, no. 1 (December 1, 1992): 123–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.173.1.123.

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1. Dried cicada bodies of the species Cyclochila australasiae and model cicadas made from a miniature earphone driving a plastic cavity were used to study the acoustics of sound production in male cicadas. 2. A model cicada with shape and dimensions similar to those of the abdomen of a male C. australasiae resonates at the natural song frequency of the species (4.3 kHz). The abdominal air sac of C. australasiae also resonates at frequencies close to the natural song frequency when excited by external sounds. In an atmosphere of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gas, the resonant frequency is lowered in keeping with the decrease in velocity of sound in the CFC gas. 3. At the model's resonant frequency, the driving earphone dissipates more electrical power with the cavity attached than without the cavity. The cavity of the model cicada acts as a narrow-band acoustic acceptance filter, tuned to the natural song frequency. 4. When the miniature earphone emits brief clicks, mimicking those produced by the natural tymbal mechanism, the model cicada produces sound pulses that vary in duration and shape according to the number and timing of the clicks. A coherent train of two or three resonant clicks results in a long slowly-decaying sound pulse similar to that in the natural song. 5. The natural song frequency can be predicted from the dimensions of the abdominal cavity and the tympana in C. australasiae using a simple equation for the resonant frequency of a Helmholtz resonator. This equation also predicts the song frequency of Macrotristria angularis and Magicicada cassini, but it fails with the low-frequency song of Magicicada septendecim. This discrepancy can be accounted for by the unusually thick tympana of M. septendecim, which tend to lower the resonant frequency of the system. 6. We conclude that the abdomen of male cicadas forms a Helmholtz resonator, the components of which are the large air sac as the cavity and the tympana as the neck of the resonator. We suggest that cicada sound production depends on the coupling of two resonators, that of the tymbal and that of the abdominal air sac, from which sound is radiated through the tympana. The coupled resonator system would produce the long sound pulses required for stimulating a sensitive sharply tuned auditory organ.

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EDOH, KOSSI. "MODELING CICADA SOUND PRODUCTION AND PROPAGATION." Journal of Biological Systems 22, no. 04 (November 11, 2014): 617–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339014500235.

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The paper investigates the sound signals radiated by cicadas and study why their "songs" are so loud. The sound pulses emanating from a class of insects are believed to come from small oscillators such as cicada tymbals, a vibrating drum-like membrane with some initially stored energy and a resonating air sac — the abdomen. The system is very efficient in a way that the resulting sound is very loud. The paper determines a region close to the cicada where the sound signals have strong nonlinear characteristics. Just outside this region the propagation of the sound signals are modeled by the Mendousse–Burgers' equation. The sound production mechanism is investigated in terms of "buckling" phenomenon to determine the sound pulses in atmospheric air medium. The resulting numerical results are very encouraging when compared with the data from the microphone readings.

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SANBORN, ALLEN F. "Two new species of Neotropical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae) from southeastern Brazil." Journal of Insect Biodiversity 19, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2020.19.1.3.

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Two new cicada species, Calyria uncinata sp. nov. (Parnisini Distant, 1905a) and Herrera chelappendicula sp. nov. (Carinetini Distant, 1905b) are described and illustrated from southeastern Brazil. Additional information is provided to distinguish these species from related Brazilian cicadas. Key words: Taxonomy, Calyria, Herrera, Neotropics, South America

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Henrikson, Laura. "Cicada." Missouri Review 20, no. 1 (1997): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1997.0074.

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Nguyen, Hoa Quynh, Yuseob Kim, and Yikweon Jang. "De Novo Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Potential Thermal Adaptation Mechanisms in the Cicada Hyalessa fuscata." Animals 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 2785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11102785.

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In metropolitan Seoul, populations of the cicada Hyalessa fuscata in hotter urban heat islands (“high UHIs”) exhibit higher thermal tolerance than those in cooler UHIs (“low UHIs”). We hypothesized that heat stress may activate the expression of genes that facilitate greater thermal tolerance in high-UHI cicadas than in those from cooler areas. Differences in the transcriptomes of adult female cicadas from high-UHI, low-UHI, and suburban areas were analyzed at the unheated level, after acute heat stress, and after heat torpor. No noticeable differences in unheated gene expression patterns were observed. After 10 min of acute heat stress, however, low-UHI and suburban cicadas expressed more heat shock protein genes than high-UHI counterparts. More specifically, remarkable changes in the gene expression of cicadas across areas were observed after heat torpor stimulus, as represented by a large number of up- and downregulated genes in the heat torpor groups compared with the 10 min acute heat stress and control groups. High-UHI cicadas expressed the most differentially expressed genes, followed by the low-UHI and suburban cicadas. There was a notable increase in the expression of heat shock, metabolism, and detoxification genes; meanwhile, immune-related, signal transduction, and protein turnover genes were downregulated in high-UHI cicadas versus the other cicada groups. These results suggested that under heat stress, cicadas inhabiting high-UHIs could rapidly express genes related to heat shock, energy metabolism, and detoxification to protect cells from stress-induced damage and to increase their thermal tolerance toward heat stress. The downregulation of apoptosis mechanisms in high-UHI cicadas suggested that there was less cellular damage, which likely contributed to their high tolerance of heat stress.

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Bian, Shiyuan, Feng Xu, Yuliang Wei, and Deyi Kong. "A Novel Type of Wall-Climbing Robot with a Gear Transmission System Arm and Adhere Mechanism Inspired by Cicada and Gecko." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094137.

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To support the inspections of different contact walls (rough and smooth), a novel type of wall-climbing robot was proposed. Its design embodied a new gear transmission system arm and an adherence mechanism inspired by cicadas and geckos. The actuating structure consisted of a five-bar link and a gear transmission for the arm stretching, which was driven by the servos. The linkers and gears formed the palm of this robot for climbing on a line. Moreover, the robot’s adherence method for the rough surfaces used bionic spine materials inspired by the cicada. For smooth surface, a bionic adhesion material was proposed inspired by the gecko. To assess the adherence mechanism of the cicada and gecko, the electron microscope images of the palm of the cicada and gecko were obtained by an electron microscope. The 3D printing technology and photolithography technology were utilized to manufacture the robot’s structures. The adherence force experiments demonstrated the bionic spines and bionic materials achieved good climbing on cloth, stones, and glass surfaces. Furthermore, a new gait for the robot was designed to ensure its stability. The dynamic characteristics of the robot’s gear transmission were obtained.

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Yang, Louie H. "Periodical cicadas use light for oviposition site selection." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1604 (August 29, 2006): 2993–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3676.

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Organisms use incomplete information from local experience to assess the suitability of potential habitat sites over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Although ecologists have long recognized the importance of spatial scales in habitat selection, few studies have investigated the temporal scales of habitat selection. In particular, cues in the immediate environment may commonly provide indirect information about future habitat quality. In periodical cicadas ( Magicicada spp.), oviposition site selection represents a very long-term habitat choice. Adult female cicadas insert eggs into tree branches during a few weeks in the summer of emergence, but their oviposition choices determine the underground habitats of root-feeding nymphs over the following 13 or 17 years. Here, field experiments are used to show that female cicadas use the local light environment of host trees during the summer of emergence to select long-term host trees. Light environments may also influence oviposition microsite selection within hosts, suggesting a potential behavioural mechanism for associating solar cues with host trees. In contrast, experimental nutrient enrichment of host trees did not influence cicada oviposition densities. These findings suggest that the light environments around host trees may provide a robust predictor of host tree quality in the near future. This habitat selection may influence the spatial distribution of several cicada-mediated ecological processes in eastern North American forests.

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Rowe, C. A., D. P. Logan, and P. G. Connolly. "Plant callus response to egglaying by chorus cicada and its effect on egg hatch." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5901.

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Chorus cicada Amphipsalta zelandica (Biosduval) is an endemic species of cicada that is a pest of kiwifruit Adult female cicadas cause damage to kiwifruit canes when egg laying The oviposition wound often stimulates the local formation of callus tissue in kiwifruit canes The effect of eggnest callusing on the proportion of eggs to hatch successfully was investigated as a potential plant resistance trait for selection The proportion of callus tissue covering the eggnest and the number of eggs hatched were measured from eggnests in canes of two kiwifruit cultivars Hayward and Zesy002 and stems of Hass avocado Eggnests with more callus tissue had reduced egg hatch in both cultivars of kiwifruit and avocado The host plant also affected egg hatch with significantly different hatch rates between the two kiwifruit cultivars and avocado at zero percent callusing

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SANBORN, ALLEN F. "The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Suriname including the description of two new species, five new combinations, and three new records ." Zootaxa 4881, no. 3 (November 20, 2020): 453–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4881.3.2.

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The known cicada fauna of Suriname is identified. Zammara guyanensis n. sp., and Proarna proximorubrovenosa n. sp. are described as new. The taxa Zammara eximia Erichson, 1848, Cicada thalassina Germar, 1830, Cicadetta surinamensis (Kirkaldy, 1909), Cicada collaris Degeer, 1773 and Cicada melanoptera Gmelin, 1789 (=Cicada marginata Degeer, 1773) are reassigned to become Zammaralna eximia (Erichson, 1848) n. comb., Hyantia thalassina (Germar, 1830) n. comb., Taphura surinamensis (Kirkaldy, 1909) n. comb., Alocha collaris (Degeer, 1773) n. comb. (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Cicadellini), and Homalodisca melaoptera (Gmelin, 1789) n. comb. (Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae: Proconiini), respectively. The first records of Fidicina christinae Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Guyalna bicolor (Olivier, 1790), and Majeorona truncata Goding, 1925 are provided. Included are the first Suriname records for the genera Guyalna Boulard & Martinelli, 1996, Majeorona Distant, 1905c, and Hyantia Stål, 1866. The taxon Neotibicen tibicen tibicen (Linnaeus, 1758) is removed from the fauna of Suriname with references to this taxon considered misidentifications of Fidicina mannifera (Fabricius, 1803). Cicada collaris Degeer, 1773, and Cicada melanoptera Gmelin, 1789 (=Cicada marginata Degeer, 1773) are reassigned to the Cicadellidae and also removed from the cicada faunal list. The currently known cicada fauna of Suriname is comprised of 15 species from nine genera, three tribes and two subfamilies. The known cicada fauna diversity is increased 50% with this work.

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Chunyu, Yan-Jie, Zhen-Ming Lu, Zhi-Shan Luo, Shuo-Shuo Li, Hui Li, Yan Geng, Hong-Yu Xu, Zheng-Hong Xu, and Jin-Song Shi. "Promotion of Metabolite Synthesis in Isaria cicadae, a Dominant Species in the Cicada Flower Microbiota, by Cicada Pupae." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 67, no. 31 (July 12, 2019): 8476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02705.

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Simões, P. C., M. M. Coelho, J. A. Quartau, and M. Ribeiro. "Genetic divergence among populations of two closely related species of Cicada Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) in Portugal." Insect Systematics & Evolution 32, no. 1 (2001): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631201x00047.

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AbstractPortuguese populations from localities of sympatry and allopatry of Cicada orni Linnaeus and C. barbara (StÅl), a pair of closely related cicada species, were screened electrophoretically to clarify their genetic relationships. Thirteen enzyme systems coded by 19 presumptive loci were analysed. Seven loci were polymorphic on the 0.95 criterion. Data on within- and between-species variation, based on several genetic estimates (number of alleles per locus, amount of polymorphism, heterozygosity and genetic divergence) are presented. A dendrogram was constructed based on the Cavalli-Sforza & Edwards chord distance, using the UPGMA clustering method. Two groups were produced, one clustering the populations of C. orni and a second one clustering C. barbara. The former cicada species was much more variable genetically than C. barbara, this latter being a very homogeneous species. The high level of genetic similarity might suggest that C. barbara is a relatively recent immigrant to the Iberian Peninsula from its origin in North Africa. Alternatively, the present populations of C. barbara in Portugal might originate from small relict populations having survived the climatic cooling during the ice ages in a few warm refugia. Moreover, the present results suggest that reproductive isolation and therefore speciation in these cicadas may have occurred at a smaller genetic divergence level than in some other insects.

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Sarkar, Vivek. "A note on the taxonomy and natural history of the Summer Clicker Lahugada dohertyi (Distant, 1891) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae) along with its distribution in northern West Bengal, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 9 (July 26, 2019): 14128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3193.11.9.14128-14136.

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Lahugada dohertyi is one of the many lesser-known cicadas of northeastern India which has never been studied since its discovery. Recently, a century later, a population of this elusive cicada was discovered in northern West Bengal. This paper gives an account on its distribution in northern West Bengal, taxonomy, and natural history and suggests a common name based on its call and habitat preferences.

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Milius, Susan. "Cicada Subtleties." Science News 157, no. 26 (June 24, 2000): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4012544.

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Lisle, L. d., and B. Hemminger. "The Cicada." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/13.1.231.

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Philip and Phylis Morrison. "Galileo's Cicada." Scientific American 280, no. 5 (May 1999): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0599-105.

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Kritsky, Gene R. "Cicada Mania." American Entomologist 50, no. 2 (2004): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ae/50.2.66.

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Sugden, Andrew M. "Cicada Cycles." Science 340, no. 6128 (April 4, 2013): 10.1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.340.6128.10-a.

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Cui, Beibei, and Cong Wei. "Ultrastructure of spermatozoa in three cicada species from China (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadidae)." ZooKeys 776 (July 26, 2018): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.776.26966.

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The ultrastructure of mature spermatozoa of three cicada species,Subpsaltriayangi,Kareniacaelatata, andPlatypleurakaempferi, was investigated using epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopies. This is the first investigation of the sperm ultrastructure of species in the subfamily Tibicininae and the tribe Sinosenini, represented byS.yangiandK.caelatata, respectively. The three species all produce two or three types of spermatozoa with various lengths, viz., polymegaly. The centriolar adjunct of spermatozoa inS.yangishows a granular substructure, which is different from that of other cicada species, suggesting that spermatozoa in Tibicininae may have their own characteristics in comparison with other cicadas. The centriolar adjunct of spermatozoa ofK.caelatatadisplays characteristics similar to that of the Cicadinae. Combined with other morphological characters, it is reasonable to removeK.caelatataand its allies (i.e., Sinosenini) from Cicadettinae to Cicadinae. The study of sperm ultrastructure, particularly in the species of Tibicininae and Sinosenini, expands the spermatological research of Cicadidae and provides more information for phylogenetic analysis of Cicadidae.

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HILL, KATHY B. R., and DAVID C. MARSHALL. "Confirmation of the cicada Tibicen pronotalis walkeri stat. nov. (= T. walkeri, Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in Florida: finding singing insects through their songs." Zootaxa 2125, no. 1 (June 4, 2009): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2125.1.3.

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A recent publication (Sanborn et al. 2008) removed the cicada Tibicen pronotalis walkeri Metcalf stat. nov. [= T. walkeri Metcalf = T. marginalis (Walker) = T. marginata (Say), see last paragraph for new taxonomic status] from the list of species recorded from Florida, stating that no specimens were known from the state and that previous records were probably misidentifications of other Tibicen Latr. species. In the summer of 2008, we found T. p. walkeri (Fig. 1a) near the Chattahoochee River inside the Florida border and near the Chattahoochee, Flint, and Kinchafoonee waterways in Georgia (Fig. 1b). We return this species to the list of cicadas in Florida, and add a couplet to the key of Sanborn et al. (2008). Additional surveys are needed to determine the poorly known ranges of cicada species in the USA, and a focus on species-specific songs provides a means of accomplishing this task quickly and accurately.

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Fonseca, P. J., and M. A. Revez. "Song discrimination by male cicadas Cicada barbara lusitanica(Homoptera, Cicadidae)." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 9 (May 1, 2002): 1285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.9.1285.

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SUMMARY Cicada barbara lusitanica males presented a stereotyped singing response behaviour when exposed to a playback of the conspecific song. Males preferred (as measured by the time taken to sing) the conspecific signal to heterospecific songs that differed markedly in temporal pattern. Manipulation of the gross temporal pattern of C. barbara calling song significantly reduced stimulus attractiveness. Indeed, C. barbaramales stopped responding to stimuli in which the temporal pattern approached the characteristic C. orni song, a sympatric and closely related species. If present in females, the preference for stimuli with pauses not exceeding 30 ms could reflect the evolution of a behavioural pre-copulatory isolating mechanism based on song analysis. Males discriminated frequencies within 3-15 kHz, clearly preferring 6 and 9 kHz; both these frequencies matched the main spectral peaks of the song. The preference for specific frequencies was not associated with maximum neuronal excitation as estimated by auditory nerve recordings, which suggests that this frequency-dependent behaviour is not based on the strength of the auditory system's response to different frequencies. Rather, it is likely to reflect fine frequency resolution in the central nervous system.

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Matsuura, Yu, Minoru Moriyama, Piotr Łukasik, Dan Vanderpool, Masahiko Tanahashi, Xian-Ying Meng, John P. McCutcheon, and Takema Fukatsu. "Recurrent symbiont recruitment from fungal parasites in cicadas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 26 (June 11, 2018): E5970—E5979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803245115.

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Diverse insects are associated with ancient bacterial symbionts, whose genomes have often suffered drastic reduction and degeneration. In extreme cases, such symbiont genomes seem almost unable to sustain the basic cellular functioning, which comprises an open question in the evolution of symbiosis. Here, we report an insect group wherein an ancient symbiont lineage suffering massive genome erosion has experienced recurrent extinction and replacement by host-associated pathogenic microbes. Cicadas are associated with the ancient bacterial co-obligate symbiontsSulciaandHodgkinia, whose streamlined genomes are specialized for synthesizing essential amino acids, thereby enabling the host to live on plant sap. However, our inspection of 24 Japanese cicada species revealed that while all species possessedSulcia, only nine species retainedHodgkinia, and their genomes exhibited substantial structural instability. The remaining 15 species lackedHodgkiniaand instead harbored yeast-like fungal symbionts. Detailed phylogenetic analyses uncovered repeatedHodgkinia-fungus and fungus-fungus replacements in cicadas. The fungal symbionts were phylogenetically intermingled with cicada-parasitizingOphiocordycepsfungi, identifying entomopathogenic origins of the fungal symbionts. Most fungal symbionts of cicadas were uncultivable, but the fungal symbiont ofMeimuna opaliferawas cultivable, possibly because it is at an early stage of fungal symbiont replacement. Genome sequencing of the fungal symbiont revealed its metabolic versatility, presumably capable of synthesizing almost all amino acids, vitamins, and other metabolites, which is more than sufficient to compensate for theHodgkinialoss. These findings highlight a straightforward ecological and evolutionary connection between parasitism and symbiosis, which may provide an evolutionary trajectory to renovate deteriorated ancient symbiosis via pathogen domestication.

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Osozawa, Soichi, Kenichi Kanai, Haruo Fukuda, and John Wakabayashi. "Phylogeography of Ryukyu insular cicadas: Extensive vicariance by island isolation vs accidental dispersal by super typhoon." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): e0244342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244342.

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Cicadas tend to be affected by vicariance reflecting poor mobility of nymphs underground and weak flying ability of adults. However, modern collection records of invasive cicada, combined with records of typhoon tracks, and newly obtained phylogeographic data suggest long distance, relatively instantaneous, dispersal of some vicariantly speciated cicadas. We address the importance of this typhoon dispersal mechanism applied to representative species of east Asian endemic cicadas of Cryptotympana, Mogannia, Euterpnosia and Meimuna. We combine BEAST-dated phylogenic and haplotype network analyses, modern collection data of non-native cicadas available in reports of the Japanese insect associations, modern typhoon records by Japan Meteorological Agency, and our own Quaternary geological constriction data. In conclusion, although Ryukyu endemic cicadas were vicariantly speciated, endemic cicadas on some islands were accidentally dispersed long distances to another island possibly by typhoons, particularly those associated with super typhoons generated since 1.55 Ma.

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SANBORN, ALLEN F., POLLY K. PHILLIPS, and PHILIP GILLLIS. "The Cicadas of Florida (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae)." Zootaxa 1916, no. 1 (October 27, 2008): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1916.1.1.

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The cicadas of Florida are determined, a key to the species is provided, synonymies listed, notes on the biology of each species and each species and its biogeography is illustrated. A total of 15 species and 4 subspecies representing 4 genera have been recorded for the state. Most species inhabit large portions of the state although some are limited to specific habitats, i.e. coastal or insular. Seven species are removed from the Florida cicada fauna.

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Santana, AS, and FA Juncá. "Diet of Physalaemus cf. cicada (Leptodactylidae) and Bufo granulosus (Bufonidae) in a semideciduous forest." Brazilian Journal of Biology 67, no. 1 (February 2007): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842007000100017.

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We determined the diet of the two most abundant anuran species which occur in the litter of a semideciduous forest (Lençóis, Bahia, Brazil), Physalaemus cf. cicada and Bufo granulosus in the dry and rainy seasons. Pitfall traps were used to collect anuran and invertebrate fauna, which showed the availability of prey in the environment. Physalaemus cf. cicada was present in both seasons and Bufo granulosus only in the rainy season. Both species fed mainly on Isoptera and Formicidae. However, there is a difference between the rainy and dry seasons concerning the diet of P. cf. cicada. During the rainy season P. cf. cicada consumed less Isoptera and more Formicidae than in the dry season. In the volumetric sense, Orthoptera was the most important alimentary category for P. cf. cicada and B. granulosus. The Jacobs’ electivity index indicated that Physalaemus cf. cicada and Bufo granulosus were specialists in Isoptera.

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Łukasik, Piotr, Katherine Nazario, James T. Van Leuven, Matthew A. Campbell, Mariah Meyer, Anna Michalik, Pablo Pessacq, Chris Simon, Claudio Veloso, and John P. McCutcheon. "Multiple origins of interdependent endosymbiotic complexes in a genus of cicadas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 2 (December 26, 2017): E226—E235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712321115.

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Bacterial endosymbionts that provide nutrients to hosts often have genomes that are extremely stable in structure and gene content. In contrast, the genome of the endosymbiont Hodgkinia cicadicola has fractured into multiple distinct lineages in some species of the cicada genus Tettigades. To better understand the frequency, timing, and outcomes of Hodgkinia lineage splitting throughout this cicada genus, we sampled cicadas over three field seasons in Chile and performed genomics and microscopy on representative samples. We found that a single ancestral Hodgkinia lineage has split at least six independent times in Tettigades over the last 4 million years, resulting in complexes of between two and six distinct Hodgkinia lineages per host. Individual genomes in these symbiotic complexes differ dramatically in relative abundance, genome size, organization, and gene content. Each Hodgkinia lineage retains a small set of core genes involved in genetic information processing, but the high level of gene loss experienced by all genomes suggests that extensive sharing of gene products among symbiont cells must occur. In total, Hodgkinia complexes that consist of multiple lineages encode nearly complete sets of genes present on the ancestral single lineage and presumably perform the same functions as symbionts that have not undergone splitting. However, differences in the timing of the splits, along with dissimilar gene loss patterns on the resulting genomes, have led to very different outcomes of lineage splitting in extant cicadas.

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Gautama Simanjuntak, Juniarto, Mega Putri Amelya, Fitri Nuraeni, and Rika Raffiudin. "Keragaman Suara Tonggeret dan Jangkrik di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango." Jurnal Sumberdaya Hayati 6, no. 1 (December 3, 2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jsdh.6.1.20-25.

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Indonesia is a biodiversity country and has much of samples of bioacoustics but there are no bioacoustics data collected and saved to be referred. Bioacoustics is a study of frequency range, sound amplitudo intensity, sound fluctuation, and sound patterns. It is very useful to study more about population presumption and species determination. This insect bioacoustics research is done at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park and aims to analyse variety of sound frequency of cicada and cricket. Methods which are used are recording the sounds, editing and analyzing the record result with Praat and Raven Lite 2.0 softwares, and analysing the environment. Analysing the sounds which is done is to find miximum frequency, minimum frequency, and average frequency. The result of the sounds analysis is compared to database in Singing Insect of North America (SINA). Environmental analysing includes temperature, air humidity, and light intensity. There are nine cicada sound recording files and twenty four cricket sound recording files. Cicada has high sound characteristic (9,168.2 Hz) and cricket has low sound characteristic (3,311.80 Hz). Comparation to Singing Insect of North America (SINA) database shows that the cicada’s sound is resemble to Tibicen marginalis and the cricket’s sound is resemble to Grylodes sigillatus.

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SANBORN, ALLEN F., and ZUBAIR AHMED. "A new genus and new species of Cicadettini (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadettinae) from Pakistan." Zootaxa 4238, no. 2 (March 2, 2017): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4238.2.12.

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Pakistan contains parts of the Indomalayan and Palaearctic ecozones. As a result, there is a diversity of habitats that has led to diversity in the cicada fauna. We reviewed the Pakistani cicada fauna (Ahmed and Sanborn 2010) but new records and new species continue to be found (Ahmed et al. 2010; 2012; 2013; 2014). This work continues to expand the knowledge of the Pakistani cicada fauna with the description of a new genus and new species of cicada provided to the second author from his contacts.

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Coelho, Joseph R., Jon M. Hastings, and Charles W. Holliday. "Nesting ecology of the Pacific cicada killer, Sphecius convallis Patton (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae), in the Sonoran Desert." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 80 (December 29, 2020): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.80.59206.

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Factors affecting the ecology of a large population of Pacific cicada killers (Sphecius convallis) occupying a field of mine tailings in Ruby, AZ, were examined. Burrows were quite dense in certain areas around the periphery of the mine tailings, but were dispersed randomly within these areas. Approximately 1600 females (based on burrow counts) and 2500 males (based on mark-recapture) were recorded, yielding a total population estimate of 5000–6000 adults. Female wasps were able to dig much more rapidly in the mine tailings than their congeners S. speciosus in soils from PA, suggesting that the habitat suitability was a large factor in this robust population. Provisioning rate was comparatively slow, however, suggesting that cicada abundance in that year was not a contributor to the high population density. The presence of a sap-producing tree may have eased the energetic and thermoregulatory demands of the wasps. Although excavations revealed that the number of burrows and cells could easily maintain the population size, the lack of cicadas probably resulted instead in a population crash the following season.

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Jacobson, Anne. "The Cicada Season." JAMA 319, no. 10 (March 13, 2018): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.1338.

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Nguyen, Chau N., Anh T. Do, Phap Q. Trinh, and Phuc K. Hoang. "Virulence of two entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema sp. (strain PQ16) and Heterorhabditis indica (strain KT3987), to nymphs of the coffee cicada Dundubia nagarasingna." Nematology 21, no. 1 (2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003193.

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Summary The virulence and efficacy of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema sp. (strain PQ16) and Heterorhabditis indica (strain KT3987), against nymphs of the coffee cicada, Dundubia nagarasingna, was evaluated under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. The highest mortality rates of coffee cicada nymphs caused by these two nematode strains were 93.5 and 100%, respectively, at an inoculation dose of 600 infective juveniles (IJ) nymph−1. The virulence (LC50) was established as 137.5 IJ and 149.1 IJ for strains S-PQ16 and H-KT3987, respectively. The highest IJ yields of these nematode strains were 66 × 103 IJ (for S-PQ16) and 134.4 × 103 IJ (for H-KT3987) at a dose of 500 IJ nymph−1. The efficacies of the two nematode strains to coffee cicadas at treated dose of 60 × 103 IJ pot−1 were 84.4 and 88.9% after 30 days, higher than the efficacies at treated dose of 40 × 103 IJ pot−1. The number of IJ in 250 ml of soil at 10, 20 and 30 days after treatment, increased from 0.38 × 103 to 4.80 × 103 IJ in soil treated with a dose of 40 × 103 IJ and from 0.66 × 103 to 5.02 × 103 IJ in soil treated with a dose of 60 × 103 IJ (for S-PQ16). Similarly, for H-KT3987 the number of IJ increased from 0.43 × 103 to 8.99 × 103 IJ and from 0.62 × 103 to 9.64 × 103 IJ, at the respective doses. Based on results of a pot trial from glasshouse modelling, an IJ application dosage for biological control of coffee cicada nymphs in coffee plantations was proposed.

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Sarkar, Vivek, Cuckoo Mahapatra, Pratyush P. Mohapatra, and Manoj V. Nair. "Additions to the cicada (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae) fauna of India: first report and range extension of four species with notes on their natural history from Meghalaya." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 9 (June 26, 2020): 16021–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5668.12.9.16021-16042.

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In order to broaden our understanding about cicada diversity of northeastern India, a comprehensive survey was conducted in the year 2017, in Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia hills of Meghalaya and an occasional opportunistic survey was carried out in northern West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. During these surveys, we came across four species of cicadas, viz., Meimuna duffelsi, Dundubia annandalei, Balinta tenebricosa, and Orientopsaltria fangrayae, which were not reported from India earlier and among them the genus Orientopsaltria is being reported for the first time from the country. This work provides an account of the taxonomy, natural history, distribution, and acoustics of these four species of cicadas along with their attribute to the culture and customs of the indigenous tribes of the landscape.

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Matsumoto, Hiroki, Katsuhiro Konno, and Kohei Kazuma. "A Comprehensive LC-MS and Isolation Study of Cicada Slough as a Crude Drug." Natural Product Communications 12, no. 11 (November 2017): 1934578X1701201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1701201136.

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Cicada slough is one of the traditional crude drugs in East Asia. A comprehensive LC-MS analysis was conducted to overview constituents in a commercially purchased cicada slough as a crude drug. It revealed that there were oligomers of N-acetyldopamine with the degree of polymerization of up to 8. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry could enable a detailed analysis on their structures by uncovering the presumed fragmentation pathways. Additional isolation experiments disclosed the presence of four known compounds: 2,3’,4’-trihydroxyacetophenone, 2-oxo- N-acetyldopamine, protocatechuic acid, and paeonol. The quantified paeonol content for purchased cicada slough ranged from 3 to 290 μg/g dw crude drug, although wild cicada slough did not show the presence of paeonol.

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Tobin, Mark J., Ljiljana Puskar, Jafar Hasan, Hayden K. Webb, Carol J. Hirschmugl, Michael J. Nasse, Gediminas Gervinskas, et al. "High-spatial-resolution mapping of superhydrophobic cicada wing surface chemistry using infrared microspectroscopy and infrared imaging at two synchrotron beamlines." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 20, no. 3 (March 22, 2013): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049513004056.

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The wings of some insects, such as cicadae, have been reported to possess a number of interesting and unusual qualities such as superhydrophobicity, anisotropic wetting and antibacterial properties. Here, the chemical composition of the wings of the Clanger cicada (Psaltoda claripennis) were characterized using infrared (IR) microspectroscopy. In addition, the data generated from two separate synchrotron IR facilities, the Australian Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy beamline (AS-IRM) and the Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, IRENI beamline, were analysed and compared. Characteristic peaks in the IR spectra of the wings were assigned primarily to aliphatic hydrocarbon and amide functionalities, which were considered to be an indication of the presence of waxy and proteinaceous components, respectively, in good agreement with the literature. Chemical distribution maps showed that, while the protein component was homogeneously distributed, a significant degree of heterogeneity was observed in the distribution of the waxy component, which may contribute to the self-cleaning and aerodynamic properties of the cicada wing. When comparing the data generated from the two beamlines, it was determined that the SRC IRENI beamline was capable of producing higher-spatial-resolution distribution images in a shorter time than was achievable at the AS-IRM beamline, but that spectral noise levels per pixel were considerably lower on the AS-IRM beamline, resulting in more favourable data where the detection of weak absorbances is required. The data generated by the two complementary synchrotron IR methods on the chemical composition of cicada wings will be immensely useful in understanding their unusual properties with a view to reproducing their characteristics in, for example, industry applications.

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SANBORN, ALLEN F. "A new species, genus and tribe of cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) from Chile with a list of Chilean cicada fauna." Zootaxa 4952, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.5.

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Citroriginini n. tribe. is formed for the Chilean cicada Citroriginis elongata n. gen., n. sp. Males differ from other South American Tibicininae Distant, 1905a because they lack timbal organs. The new species has fore wings that are similar in general appearance to the Nearctic Platypediini Kato, 1932 and genitalia with a superficial resemblance to the Tettigadini Distant, 1905c and the Chilean Chilecicadini Sanborn, 2014 but the new species is divergent from the both tribes in the fore wing venation, fore wing cell shape, general body proportions and male genitalia. A female exuvia is described representing the first description of a Chilean cicada exuvia. A list of Chilean cicada species is also provided with Calliopsida cinnabarina (Berg, 1879) removed from the Chilean cicada fauna.

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Li, Chun Ru, Yu Qin Wang, Wen Ming Cheng, Zhu An Chen, Nigel Hywel-Jones, and Zeng Zhi Li. "Review on Research Progress and Prospects of Cicada Flower, Isaria cicadae (Ascomycetes)." International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms 23, no. 4 (2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2021038085.

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Sanborn, Allen F. "Checklist of the cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Costa Rica including new records for fourteen species." Check List 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.246.

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A current checklist of the Costa Rican cicada fauna is provided. The first Costa Rican records of Zammara calochroma Walker, 1858, Diceroprocta pusilla Davis, 1942, Diceroprocta ruatana (Distant, 1891), Ollanta modesta (Distant, 1881), Pacarina puella Davis, 1923, Pacarina schumanni Distant, 1905, Majeorona truncata Goding, 1925, Procollina medea (Stål, 1864), Carineta verna Distant, 1883, Carineta viridicollis (Germar, 1830), Herrera ancilla (Stål, 1864), Calyria cuna (Walker, 1850), Selymbria pluvialis Ramos & Wolda, 1985, and Conibosa occidentis (Walker, 1858) are provided. Diceroprocta digueti (Distant, 1906) and D. vitripennis (Say, 1830) are removed from the Costa Rican cicada fauna. The new records increase the known cicada diversity 45% bringing the total number of cicada species reported in Costa Rica to 45 species in 17 genera representing nine tribes and two subfamilies of the family Cicadidae.

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Ogawa, Kenichi, Naoya Ogawa, Ryo Kosaka, Toshiyuki Isshiki, Toru Aiso, Masato Iyoki, Yong Zhao Yao, and Yukari Ishikawa. "AFM Observation of Etch-Pit Shapes on β-Ga₂O₃ (001) Surface Formed by Molten Alkali Etching." Materials Science Forum 1004 (July 2020): 512–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1004.512.

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In order to understand the crystal defects of beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) in more detail, we classified the crystal defects of a 2-inch substrate of β-Ga2O3 (001) single crystal. As a result of observing the etch pits formed by molten alkali etching using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), we succeeded in observing six different etch pit shapes. These etch pit shapes are categorized into “Cicada I type”, “Cicada II type”, “Cannonball type”, “Trapezoid type”, “Bar type”, and “Shell type”. We consider that “Cicada I type” and “Cicada II type” are etch pit shapes caused by planar defects, and “Cannon ball type” is etch pit shapes due to dislocations. In addition, “Trapezoid type”, “Bar type”, and “Shell type” are deduced the result of surface morphology.

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Sanborn, Allen F. "Checklist of the cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Paraguay including new records for six species." Check List 7, no. 4 (June 1, 2011): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.4.465.

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A current checklist of the Paraguayan cicada fauna is provided. The first records of Fidicina torresi Boulard and Martinelli, 1996, Proarna dactyliophora Berg, 1879, Proarna praegracilis Berg, 1881, Dorisiana drewseni (Stål, 1854), Ariasa nigrovittata Distant, 1905, and Chonosia crassipennis (Walker, 1858) for Paraguay are given. The new records increase the known cicada diversity 37.5% bringing the total number of cicada species reported in Paraguay to 22 species in 12 genera representing five tribes and three subfamilies of the family Cicadidae. There are currently no known endemic species.

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Hennig, R., T. Weber, F. Huber, H. Kleindienst, T. Moore, and A. Popov. "AUDITORY THRESHOLD CHANGE IN SINGING CICADAS." Journal of Experimental Biology 187, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.187.1.45.

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The hearing sensitivity in singing cicadas is reduced during sound production by a folding of the tympanal membranes. Using electrophysiological recording and nerve stimulation techniques, we have shown an effect of the folded tympanum on the auditory threshold of two species of cicadas, Tibicen linnei and Okanagana rimosa. Auditory thresholds of both species increased by about 20 dB when the tympana folded during singing. In T. linnei the increase in threshold affected the whole frequency range, from 1 to 16 kHz, in a similar way. Electrical stimulation of one or both auditory nerves resulted in a folding of both tympanal membranes in a way very similar to that seen in singing animals. We have demonstrated that a cicada male is able to adjust its auditory threshold within a range of about 20 dB by the tympanal folding mechanism.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cicada'

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