Academic literature on the topic 'Ciblage de la méthylation de l'ADN'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ciblage de la méthylation de l'ADN"
Jeanpierre, M. "L'ADN peut-il se passer de la méthylation ?" médecine/sciences 10, no. 3 (1994): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/2619.
Full textDragic, D., S. L. Chang, K. Ennour-Idrissi, F. Durocher, G. Severi, and C. Diorio. "127 - Consommation d'alcool et méthylation de l'ADN dans le sang : une revue systématique." Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique 70 (August 2022): S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respe.2022.06.095.
Full textGouri, Adel, Mohamed Bouchareb, Aoulia Dekaken, Ahmed Aimen Bentorki, Mohamed Chefrour, Régis Guieu, and Sadek Benharkat. "Epigenetics and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmstf.2015.2113.
Full textChatti, Abdelwaheb, and Ahmed Landoulsi. "L'état de la méthylation de l'ADN régule la virulence et la réponse au stress chez Salmonella." Comptes Rendus Biologies 331, no. 9 (September 2008): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2008.06.002.
Full textCOUSTHAM, Vincent, Charlotte ANDRIEUX, Chloé CERUTTI, Anne COLLIN, Ingrid DAVID, Julie DEMARS, Guillaume DEVAILLY, et al. "Epigénétique, gènes et environnement : quelle importance pour les pratiques d’élevage et les méthodes de sélection des volailles ?" INRAE Productions Animales 36, no. 4 (December 20, 2023): 7384. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2023.36.4.7384.
Full textMERSCH, Marjorie, Sarah-Anne DAVID, Anaïs VITORINO CARVALHO, Sylvain FOISSAC, Anne COLLIN, Frédérique PITEL, and Vincent COUSTHAM. "Apports du séquençage haut-débit sur la connaissance de l'épigénome aviaire." INRA Productions Animales 31, no. 4 (January 23, 2019): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2018.31.4.2372.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Ciblage de la méthylation de l'ADN"
Dahlet, Thomas. "Méthylation de l'ADN : fonctions et ciblage au cours du développement chez la souris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ075.
Full textCytosine methylation is an epigenetic modification catalyzed by the family of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). This modification is involved in gene repression when it is addressed to CpG islands in gene promoters. Global DNA methylation reprogramming occurs in mice during the early phases of embryogenesis, which is critical for proper embryo development. However, the contribution of different DNMTs in genome methylation and the mechanisms that target DNA methylation to specific genes during embryonic development are poorly understood. By combining genomic mapping with genetically modified mouse lines, my Thesis work clarified the contribution of the different DNMTs in genome methylation in the embryo: DNMT3A and DNMT3B are strictly involved in de novo methylation, and DNMT1 is strictly involved in the maintenance of DNA methylation during cellular divisions. In addition, the analysis of globally demethylated embryos revealed numerous functions of DNA methylation in maintaining the transcriptomic intergrity of the embryo by repressing germline genes, developmental genes, cryptic promoters as well as a large panel of transposons. In the second part of my Thesis, I studied the role of the E2F6 transcription factor in the targeting of DNA methylation in vivo in mice. My results demonstrate that E2F6 facilitates the acquisition of DNA methylation in the promoters of germline genes and is required to initiate their long-term epigenetic silencing during embryogenesis. Collectively, this work contributes to a better understanding of the functions and targeting mechanisms of DNA methylation during mammalian embryogenesis
Borgel, Julie. "Dynamique et mécanismes de ciblage de la méthylation de l’ADN au cours du développement précoce chez la souris." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20224.
Full textDNA methylation is an epigenetic mark extensively reprogrammed during mammalian development. It is believed to play essential functions in gene regulation and the maintenance of cellular identity. However, the target genes of DNA methylation and the mechanisms that recruit DNA methylation during development remain poorly understood. The first aim of my PhD project was to identify the target genes of DNA methylation during early mouse development in vivo. In addition, because several studies show that G9a is required for DNA methylation establishment and maintenance during ES cells differentiation, the second aim was to determine whether G9a is required for the establishment of promoter DNA methylation patterns during early development in vivo.To address these questions, I developped a genomics approach to map DNA methylation starting from very small amount of cells. .We observed a major epigenetic switch during implantation at the transition from the blastocyst to the postimplantation epiblast. During this period, DNA methylation is primarily targeted to repress the germline expression program. DNA methylation in the epiblast is also targeted to promoters of lineage-specific genes such as hematopoietic genes, which are subsequently demethylated during terminal differentiation. De novo methylation during early embryogenesis is catalyzed by Dnmt3b, and absence of DNA methylation leads to ectopic gene activation in the embryo. Surprisingly, we identify nonimprinted genes that escape post-fertilization DNA methylation reprogramming and seem to inherit promoter DNA methylation from parental gametes. Finally we show that, unlike what it was shown in ES cells, the absence of G9a in an in vivo context does not have a drastic effect on the maintenance and the establishment of promoter DNA methylation during early development
Bender-Osmani, Ambre. "Méthylation de l'ADN et identité cellulaire : fonctions de la méthylation de l'ADN dans les lignages gamétiques et hématopoïétiques chez la souris." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ102.
Full textThe methylation of DNA is a well-known epigenetic mark. It consists in adding a methyl group to a cytosine producing the 5-methylcytosine (5mC). This is catalysed by the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) family: DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Little is known about the changes in DNA methylation that follow lineage decisions in the embryo and how these contribute, establish or maintain cellular identities. We are addressing these questions using as a model the specification of mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) and mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the mouse embryo. We generate the first genome-wide maps of 5mC during their development. These maps highlight two waves of DNA methylation in PGCs. The first one takes place between E9,5 and E13,5, where the genome demethylates while the second one corresponds to a remethylation phase only in male PGCs between E14,5 and E17,5. Nevertheless, some regions, notably the transposable elements, are resistant to this demethylation wave. We demonstrate the implication of DNMT1 and UHRF2 in maintaining the 5mC on these regions using transgenic mice presenting specific deletion in PGCs. In HSCs, the 5mC maps highlight two wave of DNA methylation. The first one correlates with the first appearance of the HSCs in early embryos while the second one corresponds to their migration to the bone marrow and seems to act as a definitive lock for their hematopoietic identity. Using transgenic mice presenting specific deletions in HSCs, we prove the implication of DNMT3A and DNMT3B in hematopoietic stem cells, with a major role in locking HSC identity of DNMT3B during the first wave and a DNMT3A during the second one respectively
Dechaux, Elsa. "Vectorologie non virale de l'ADN : ciblage par des oligosides." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P607.
Full textInflammatory and metastatic processes take place through the initial interction between endothelial E-selectin and its tetrasaccharidic ligand Lewis X (sLeX), present on the outlayer of tumour cells. The complex structure of sLeX, NeuAcα(2,3)Galβ(1,4)(Fucα(1,3)GlcNAc, has led to the development of many mimetics. We envisioned that cationic liposomes grafted with SLeX mimetics could potentialy block the interaction between cancer cells and endothelium, and simultaneously permit tergeted and specific delivery of drugs to tumoral tissus. .
Filion, Guillaume. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'un répresseur transcriptionnel spécifique de l'ADN méthylé." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112337.
Full textDelpu, Yannick. "Méthylation de l'ADN et expression des microARNs dans la carcinogénèse pancréatique." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2128/.
Full textPancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in Western countries. This cancer involves changes in DNA methylation patterns and overexpression of enzymes responsible for its implementation : the DNA methyltransferases. However, the exact role of these proteins in carcinogenesis remains to be proven. We first aimed to determine the changing in the DNA methylation pattern through the study of the expression of a specific microRNA : miR- 148a. We confirmed the repression of miR- 148a by DNA hypermethylation in several cell lines derived from pancreatic cancer as well as in human tumor samples, and we shown the usefulness of this mark in the differential diagnosis between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. We also evaluated the therapeutic potential of miR- 148a gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. We observed no significant changes in the behavior of cells / tumors overexpressing miR- 148a. This indicates that its repression is a minor alteration accompanying carcinogenesis rather than a crucial phenomenon of tumor development. Finally, we extended our study to determine whether the single overexpression of DNA methyltransferases can transform normal pancreatic cells. We observed that the stable overexpression of these proteins significantly affects the behavior of cells in vitro, their methylation patterns and gene expression. These results strongly suggest that DNA methylation facilitates carcinogenesis, but is not sufficient to trigger the formation of tumors. This work contributes to a better understanding of pancreatic carcinogenesis, the role of DNA methylation and open new horizons for the potential oncogenic role of DNA methylation
Caillet, Nina. "Rôle de la méthylation de l'ADN et des microARN dans les lymphomes T anaplasiques à grandes cellules ALK positifs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30139.
Full textAnaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL) is the most common pediatric T lymphoma. Mostly CD4(+), in about 80% of cases ALCL expresses the oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK. Using a high-throughput sequencing of human NPM-ALK(+) ALCL treated with decitabine, or transfected with siRNA against ALK, I have shown that NPM-ALK, STAT3, and methyltransferase DNA 1 (DNMT1), induce hypermethylation of the MIR125 genes. In vitro, inhibition of topoisomerase II activity by doxorubicin inhibits the fixation of DNMT1 at the MIR125B gene promoter. Using microRNA-biotinyled purification we identified BAK1 mRNA as target of miR125b. In primary ALCL, miR125b and the pro-apoptotic protein BAK1 were correlated with relapse risk after chemotherapy. Moreover, I developed cellular NPM-ALK(+) ALCLmodels by transduced human CD4 lymphocytes (CD4/NPM-ALK(+)). Integrative analysis of methylome and transcriptome showed that CD4/NPM-ALK(+) and primary NPM-ALK(+) ALCLhave similar profile, close to thymic precursors but different to normal CD4 lymphocytes. Preliminary miRNome analysis also suggests that CD4/NPM-ALK (+) are different from normal CD4 cells. In addition, we observed a expression decrease by DNA methylation of transcription factors essential to the differentiation of T precursors. An increase of expression of pluripotency transcription factors is also observed. Coherent way, we noted a correlation between the hypomethylation of the EPAS1 gene promoter and the overexpression of the HIF2a protein which affects the differentiation and survival of hematopoietic precursors. We have highlighted the therapeutic potential of HIF2a antagonists as potential treatments. Altogether, our findings suggest that NPM-ALK through DNA methylation i) represses expression of microRNA implicated in chemotherapy resistanceand ii) could restore progenitor-like features in mature peripheral T-cells in keeping with a thymic progenitor-like pattern
Greiner, Vanille. "Epigénétique et méthylation de l'ADN : étude des mécanismes d'interaction du domaine SRA de UHRF1 avec l'ADN hémi-méthylé." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAJ107/document.
Full textThe UHRF1 protein plays a key role in the maintenance and transmission of epigenetic modifications. Duringthe replication process, it recruits the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 to hemi-methylated CpG sites via itsSRA (SET and RING Associated) domain, promoting the duplication of the methylation profiles. Thetridimensional structure of the SRA/DNA complex revealed that the protein induces a base-flipping of themethylcytosine that enables a specific anchoring of the protein to hemi-methylated sites facilitating therecruitment of Dnmt1 to this strategic position. In this context, our project was aimed to further understand themechanism of interaction of the SRA domain with hemi-methylated DNA. To this end, oligonucleotideduplexes were labeled by 2-aminopurine, a fluorescent nucleoside analogue sensitive to environment, atvarious positions close to the single hemi-methylated CpG recognition site. Steady-state and time-resolvedfluorescence spectroscopy measurements of these duplexes bound to the SRA domain enabled us to sitespecificallycharacterize the conformational changes induced by the binding of this domain. In agreement withthe tridimensional structure of the SRA/DNA complex, our data suggest that the SRA domain is able to flip themethylcytosine while preserving the structure of the surrounding bases in the duplex. The SRA domain wasshown to bind with the same mechanism to hemi-methylated, fully-methylated and non-methylated duplexes.Our data suggest the UHRF1 protein plays a role of “reader” that scans the DNA sequence for hemimethylatedsites
Bosviel, Rémy. "Méthylation de l'ADN, phyto-oestrogènes et cancer du sein et de l'ovaire." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF1MM21/document.
Full textBreast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide [1]. Many factors contribute to the development of this disease and the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are particularly involved. Indeed, mutations in these two oncosuppressors are responsible for 5 to 10% of hereditary breast cancers [2]. In addition, a decrease in their expression is found in a large number of sporadic breast cancers [3]. Hereditary mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are also at the origin of ovarian cancers [4]. This cancer is much less common than breast cancer, but it is associated with a poor prognosis. In addition to these genetic factors, hormonal factors also seem to be involved in the processes of breast and ovarian carcinogenesis, but also environmental factors and more particularly food. Soybean consumption, which is common in some parts of Asia, is thought to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer in Asian countries compared to Western countries. It is the phytoestrogens contained in soy that act, thanks to their similarity of structure with the 17-β-estradiol of the woman [5]. Soy phytoestrogens may also affect the development of ovarian cancer since it is an estrogen-dependent cancer, such as breast cancer. The Nutrition and Cancer team of the Department of Oncogenetics at the Jean Perrin Center is studying the potentially preventative effects of soy phytoestrogens in the carcinogenesis process. A first study, conducted within the team, showed that the expression of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in the mammary gland could be modulated by the consumption of soy in ovariectomized rats [6]. Also, transcriptomic studies have shown that the consequences of the inactivation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 oncosuppressors by the use of a small interfering RNA in mammary cells could be countered by treatment with soy phytoestrogens [7, 8]. Following the emergence of studies showing the effects of soy phytoestrogens on DNA methylation, and the presence of methylation in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene promoter in sporadic breast cancers, we wanted to see if the soy phytoestrogens could directly affect the methylation of these two oncosuppressors, which we have previously identified in breast and ovarian cancers
Menon, Yoann. "Etude des effets pharmacologiques d'inhibiteurs non nucléosidiques de la méthylation de l'ADN." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30004/document.
Full textEpigenetic modifications participate to the control of gene expression. Methylation of deoxycytidines (dC) in the DNA was shown to play a key role in epigenetic regulation in mammals. It is the most stable epigenetic mark and occurs at CpG sites, which are grouped in islands and essentially located in promoters, repeated sequences and CpG island shores. Hypermethylation of promoters induces gene silencing while hypomethylation is associated to gene expression. Enzymes responsible for DNA methylation are the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Two families of catalyticallyactive DNMTs have been identified: DNMT1, mainly responsible for DNA methylation maintenance during replication; and DNMT3A and 3B that perform de novo DNA methylation and support maintenance. Alteration of DNA methylation patterns lead to various diseases such as cancer. Cancerous cells often present aberrant DNA methylation, in particular a specific hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is observed. Restoring their expression by inhibition of DNA methylation represents an attractive therapeutic strategy. Several DNMTs inhibitors have been described. Two nucleoside analogs are FDA approved to treat leukemia: 5-azacytidine (VidazaTM) and 5-azadeoxycytidine (Dacogene(r)). Our laboratory develops since several years new inhibitors of DNMT, non-nucleoside analogs, targeting the catalytic site. Here, I studied the pharmacological effects of these DNMTs catalytic inhibitors using several cancer cell lines (leukemia, lymphoma and colon cancer) and different technologies to follow DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications and gene expression. Since epigenetic therapies aim at the reprogramming of cancer cells, I explored the long-term modifications induced by the compounds. We show that these novel compounds are potent inhibitors of DNMT3A and able to induce the expression of a reporter gene (luciferase) under the control of a methylated CMV promoter by demethylation of the promoter and opening of the chromatin. Finally, these new DNMTs inhibitors demethylate the promoter region of tumor suppressor genes and induce their re-expression
Book chapters on the topic "Ciblage de la méthylation de l'ADN"
Robert, Jacques. "Réparations de l'ADN." In Ciblage Thérapeutique en Oncologie, 101–7. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-77967-1.00016-4.
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