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Journal articles on the topic 'Churchill'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Wade, Harry. "Wood, Churchill." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 29, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.29.1.50-51.

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This new title in the British History in Perspective series by Ian S. Wood, Lecturer in History at Napier University in Edinburg, is not a conventional biography of Churchill- adding another seemed superfluous to the author- but rather a thematic study of the major and sometimes overlapping issues in the long and exceptional career of Winston Churchill. After a short preface in which Churchill's political career is divided into three phases- 1900-1915, 1915-1939, and 1939-1955- the author investigates Churchill's career through nine themes that make up the nine chapters of the book. Among the themes are "Churchill the Warrior," "National Leader, 1940-1495 ," and "Churchill, Party Politics and Social Policy."

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2

Brazier, Rodney. "Who Owns State Papers?" Cambridge Law Journal 55, no. 1 (March 1996): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300097749.

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The sale by the Churchill trustees of Sir Winston Churchill's pre-1945 personal papers to Churchill College, Cambridge early in 1995 caused much controversy. Over £12 million, generated by the National Lottery, was used by the National Heritage Memorial Fund to make the purchase, producing the jibe that the Trust's beneficiaries (notably the great man's grandson, Winston Churchill, MP) had won the Lottery without having to buy a ticket. This little drama brought into focus a number of constitutional questions about state papers.

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3

Shearmur, Jeremy. "Hayek, The Road to Serfdom, and the British Conservatives." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 28, no. 3 (September 2006): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710600857807.

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Over the years, Friedrich Hayek has received a generous response from some members of the British Conservative Party. One immediately thinks of endorsements of his work by Mrs. Thatcher in the 1970s and '80s.Those with longer memories—and teeth—might also recall the controversy around Winston Churchill's first election broadcast in 1945, and the response to it by the Labour leader Clement Attlee, the following evening. Churchill spoke of the dangers of planning, and raised the idea that it would, in the end, require the powers of a Gestapo to put the ideal of a planned society into practice. Attlee criticized these ideas, and Hayek as the source of the theoretical conceptions behind them. This led to a fair bit of attention being paid to Hayek by the press, and to his being described as an economic adviser to Churchill. But Hayek himself has downplayed his direct contacts with Churchill (cf. Hayek 1994, pp. 106–107). Indeed, in Hayek on Hayek (Hayek 1994), Hayek indicates that he met Churchill only once. On that occasion he was struck by Churchill's being the worse for drink and then recovering, to Hayek's surprise, to make a first-rate speech.

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4

Gabrielle, L. McBath. "Sir winston churchill as a pragmatist and the troop - Withdrawal at the dardanelles campaign – 1916." i-manager's Journal on Humanities & Social Sciences 1, no. 4 (2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jhss.1.4.17560.

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The following two-part essay will analyze critically four of the ten greatest controversies of Sir Winston Churchill's career that are based on the 2015 BBC News Magazine article of T. Heyden. Churchill, often referred to erroneously as an "opportunist", navigated his political career as a thorough pragmatist. The four controversies of his career are: a) Being “anti-union” during the Tonypandy Riots in 1910, b) Permitting the usage of “Mustard gas” against the Kurds and Afghans in 1919, c) Deploying the Royal Irish Constabulary Special Reserve (“Black and Tans”) in January 1919, and d) Indifference toward the Bengal famine in 1943. These examples were selected randomly to reflect a balance of two foreign and two domestic incidents. In the second part of this essay, Churchill was often referred to as a “political amateur”when he withdrew troops at the Dardanelles Campaign of 1916. However, the following four documents support otherwise that Churchill's assessment that the campaign in the Dardanelles was "not a civilian plan foisted by a political amateur upon reluctant officers and experts". These documents are entitled, 1. Excerpts from Churchill's Resignation Speech- 15 November 1915. 2) Excerpts from a letter from Churchill to A. B. Law (Head of the Conservative Party)- 21 May 1915. 3) Cabinet Memorandum by Churchill defending his Policy of the Dardanelles Campaign- 5 August 1915, and 4) Communique sent to Rear-Admiral J. de Robeck (of the Dardanelles Campaign)- 1917.

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5

Jenkins, Jan. "Lawlor, Churchill And The Politics Of War, 1940-1941." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 20, no. 2 (September 1, 1995): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.20.2.103.

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The first ten months of Winston Churchill's wartime leadership of Great Britain, from May 1940 1o March 1941, are frequently portrayed as a heroic prologue to the Allied war effort, a period in which Churchill having replaced Neville Chamberlain as prime minister, soothed all internal political discord, boldly directed Britain's solitary war against Germany, and came to the forefront as a man of destiny. In Churchill and the Politics of War, 1940-1941, Sheila Lawlor has set these months apart from their traditional context in order to reveal that, contrary to the orthodox historical view, the Churchill government was no freer of conflicting interests, factionalism, and vacillation than the preceding governments.

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6

Bédarida, François. "Winston Churchill's image of France and the French." Historical Research 74, no. 183 (February 1, 2001): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00118.

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Abstract Although fascinated by France all his life, Churchill was more familiar with the country than with its inhabitants (he mainly knew members of the upper and governing classes). His apprenticeship began early as he learned the language which he liked to speak so much. Both the warrior and the statesman in Churchill admired the military past and the grandeur of Britain's neighbour, but his strategy towards France always combined realpolitik with genuine friendship. This article concentrates on three periods in Churchill's relationship with France: 1911–32, 1933–45 and 1945–55. It concludes that Churchill's ‘finest hour’ won him the lasting admiration of the French people.

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7

Andrews, Kristina. "Book Review: Human Rights and Global Diversity: Basic Ethics in Action." Journal of Curriculum Studies Research 1, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/jcsr.01.01.6.

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This professional book review provides a critique of R. P. Churchill's (2006) book entitled Human Rights and Global Diversity: Basic Ethics in Action. His book is divided into three chapters: 1. Reasoning about Human Rights, 2. Debating the Universality of Human Rights, and 3. Human Rights and Cross Cultural Negotiations. Churchill presented the concepts and constructs of human rights, the universality of human rights and an argument for human rights. Churchill’s overarching claim for human rights was that they are the same for all human beings regardless where they reside. In addition to presenting the arguments for universal human rights he presented the oppositional constructs by the integration of the voices of notable theorists.

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8

Boucher, Robert L. "Toward Achieving a Focal Point for Sport Management: A Binocular Perspective." Journal of Sport Management 12, no. 1 (January 1998): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.12.1.76.

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In the summer of 1941, Sergeant James Allen Ward was awarded the Victoria Cross for climbing onto the wing of his Wellington bomber 13,000 feet above the Zuider Zee in Holland to extinguish a fire in the starboard engine. Secured only by a rope around his waist, he managed not only to smother the fire but also to return along the wing to the aircraft's cabin. Churchill, an admirer as well as a performer of swashbuckling exploits, summoned the shy New Zealander to 10 Downing Street (for our American friends that's like the British White House). Ward was struck dumb with awe in Churchill's presence and was unable to answer the Prime Minister's simplest questions. Churchill surveyed the unhappy hero with some compassion. “You must feel very humble and awkward in my presence,” said Churchill. “Yes sir,” stammered the young flyer. “Then you can imagine how humble and awkward I feel in yours,” said Churchill. (Fadiman, 1985, pp. 122-23)

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9

Vale, J. Allister, and John W. Scadding. "Did Winston Churchill suffer a myocardial infarction in the White House at Christmas 1941?" Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 110, no. 12 (November 24, 2017): 483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141076817745506.

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Summary While staying in the White House over Christmas 1941, Churchill developed chest pain on trying to open a window in his bedroom. Sir Charles Wilson, his personal physician, diagnosed a ‘heart attack’ (myocardial infarction). Wilson, for political and personal reasons, decided not to inform his patient of the diagnosis or obtain assistance from US medical colleagues. On Churchill's return to London, Wilson sought a second opinion from Dr John Parkinson who did not support the diagnosis of coronary thrombosis (myocardial infarction) and reassured Churchill accordingly.

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10

Stewart, Graham. "CHURCHILL WITHOUT THE RHETORIC." Historical Journal 43, no. 1 (March 2000): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x9900103x.

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Winston Churchill: studies in statesmanship. Edited by R. A. C. Parker. London and Washington: Brassey's, 1995. Pp. xxi+259. ISBN 1-857-53151-5. £30.Winston Churchill's last campaign: Britain and the Cold War, 1951–1985. By John W. Young. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. ISBN 0-198-20367-5. £45.Churchill peacetime ministry, 1951–1955. By Henry Pelling. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, 1997. Pp. ix+216. ISBN 0-333-67709-9. £16.Churchill as peacemaker. Edited by James W. Muller. Cambridge: Woodrow Wilson Center and Cambridge University Press, 1997. Pp. xii+344. ISBN 0-521-58314-4. £35.Churchill and secret service. By David Stafford. London: John Murray, 1997. Pp. xiii+386. ISBN 0-719-55407-1. £25.Churchill and Hitler, in victory and defeat. By John Strawson. London: Constable, 1997. Pp. xxxi+540. ISBN 0-094-75840-9. £20.Over the course of the last decade, historians have set themselves the task of rescuing Churchill from the restrictive embalmment of hero worship. This has been no easy task. His 1930s campaign for rearmament and opposition to appeasement, his ‘finest hour’ in 1940, and his 1946 ‘Iron Curtain’ speech at Fulton, Missouri, secured for him on both sides of the Atlantic an almost unparalleled relevance in the rhetoric of the following forty years' Cold War. To Western politicians of this period, his career offered pertinent ‘lessons’ – particularly the need to appear resolute in the face or threat of aggression. To this was added the fact that his magnificent command of English made him a rich quarry of quasi-prophetic quotes for an endless succession of political speeches and journalistic articles.

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11

McLoughlin, Liam. "Churchill’s fractured neck of femur." Journal of Medical Biography 27, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772018785858.

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In June 1962 at the age of 87 years, Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965) fell over in his hotel room at the Hotel de Paris in Monte Carlo and sustained a fracture to the neck of his left femur. He was flown back to London and the fracture operated on at The Middlesex Hospital by two eminent orthopaedic surgeons, Mr Phillip Newman (1911–1994), Consultant to the The Middlesex Hospital and The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, and The Institute of Orthopaedics, London, and Professor Herbert Seddon (1903–1977), Consultant to the The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, and Director of The Institute of Orthopaedics under whom Churchill was admitted as a private patient. Churchill’s recovery was complicated by the development of deep vein thrombosis. During his convalescence, Churchill befriended Seddon who recorded his time with him in his private papers. On 21 August, Churchill was discharged to his home at 28 Hyde Park Gate which had been modified during his admission and made a return to public life in November 1962 at a dinner at the dining club he had originally founded, The Other Club.

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12

Mahmood, Azhin k., and Ansam R. Abdullah Almaaroof. "The representation of Thatcher's Theatre in Caryl Churchill's "Top Girls" : A social feminist study." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 5, no. 4, 1 (August 31, 2022): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.5.4.1.5.

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Carly Churchill has a rare position within British contemporary’s post-war dramatists. She is perhaps the most innovative and elusive writer of her age, an ardent advocate of women’s equality and rights. The socialist feminist ideology of Churchill is indeed unquestionably the best of the postmodern society. Churchill lives under Thatcher’s leadership, and she is among the leader who, not just in her nation but across the western world, transforms the cultural and social landscape of the state. This pivotal event appears as a backdrop for Caryl Churchill to challenge how a competent lady in the patriarchal system has risen on the social ladder and what she does for women and the society in her era. This study aims at knowing how Thatcher’s theatre has depicted in Caryl Churchill‘s Top Girls . The work tries to set the effect of Thatcher on women and society in the period of her role as a prime minister of Britain and how her legacy makes citizens be successful in their jobs, but hates everyone around them, including their friends, coworkers, and even their families. The study hypothesizes that Churchill was affected by Thatcherism in her era and this influenced her style of writings. The paper starts with an Introduction of the Top girls play and Thatcher's regime , then follows the methodology of the study and the discussion comes afterwards and it ends with a conclusion that points out the results of discussion.

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13

Capern, Amanda L. "Winston Churchill, Mark Sykes and the Dardanelles Campaign of 1915." Historical Research 71, no. 174 (February 1, 1998): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00055.

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Abstract In the Brynmor Jones Library, University of Hull, the draft and two carbon copies of a letter from Mark Sykes to Winston Churchill dated 27 January 1915 are catalogued as DDSY(2)/4/81. The top‐copy of this letter no longer seems to exist; it does not appear in Martin Gilbert's companion volume for Churchill 1914–16 and is not used in his biographical account of those years. It also was not used by Roger Adelson when he wrote his biography of Mark Sykes in 1975. The letter is important in two ways. First, it indicates that Mark Sykes may have had some influence on Churchill's thinking in late January and early February 1915 while he was planning the naval assault on the Dardanelles. Second, this letter from Mark Sykes contains echoes of the concept of a soft ‘underbelly’ of Europe later popularized by Churchill in a speech of 1942.

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14

Dockter, Warren, and Richard Toye. "Who Commanded History? Sir John Colville, Churchillian Networks, and the ‘Castlerosse Affair’." Journal of Contemporary History 54, no. 2 (March 2, 2018): 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009417714316.

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This article is based on the discovery of a tape in which the late John Colville, one of Winston Churchill’s most trusted private secretaries, claimed that Churchill had had an affair with Doris, Lady Castlerosse, a society beauty who died of a drug overdose in 1942. It shows that Colville’s claim was a credible one, although it cannot be proven beyond doubt. The article uses Colville’s revelation as the starting point of an investigation into how a network of Churchill’s friends and former colleagues influenced the shaping of his reputation in the years after his retirement and death. Colville himself was one of the key figures in the process, although his actions – not least his revelation of the story of Lady Castlerosse – were sometimes paradoxical. By examining these developments, the article casts new light on the history of the Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge, of which Colville was the founding father.

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15

Korsmo, Fae L., and Michael P. Sfraga. "Churchill Peaks and the politics of naming." Polar Record 36, no. 197 (April 2000): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400016235.

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AbstractThe highest mountain in North America bears two official names. While most visitors to Denali National Park in Alaska are familiar with the mountain's official name ‘McKinley,’ and with the frequently used Athabaskan name ‘Denali,’ the mountain also has a second official name: Churchill Peaks. This article traces the history and politics of naming Alaska's famous mountain, including the events that led to the addition of Churchill Peaks. Those events began when President Lyndon Johnson was unable to attend Winston Churchill's funeral in January 1965. The resulting controversy surrounding the naming of the great mountain reflects the ambiguous and often troubled relations between the national government and the remote northern periphery of the country.

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16

Ognjenović, Svjetlana R. "SATIRICAL REPRESENTATION OF CAPITALIST VALUES IN CARYL CHURCHILL’S PLAY SERIOUS MONEY." Lipar 83 (2024): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lipar83.043o.

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The anti-utopia presented in Caryl Churchill’s play Serious Money functions as a mirror-image of Great Britain from the 1980s when its Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher unleashed the forces of capitalist anarchy and relieved the citizens of any moral and social responsibility. İn this play, featuring the brokers from London stock exchange, Churchill dramatizes the hedonistic world of insanely rich and immoral people who in their pursuit of profit and ways to increase their corporate and financial empires follow the precepts of selfish opportunism and ignore all social scruples. Using theatrical devices to achieve an alienating effect and prevent the identification of viewers with the characters and the presented material, such as the use of songs and especially the text written in verse, Churchill puts emphasis on the critical observation and consideration of this play, whose political efficiency is sometimes questioned. However, this satirical portrayal of commercial totalitarianism should not be taken as politically restricted because Churchill’s political attack functions, not through the politics of utopia, but effective criticism which aims at the very center of the system. Through material criticism of this anti-utopian world in which neoliberal ethical laws are exposed as pitiful values worthy of hooligans, yobs, and parasites, Churchill actually breaks down the trajectory of capitalist reform and calls into question the entire system of capitalist economy.

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17

Griffiths, Richard W. "Sir Winston Churchill’s doctors on the Riviera 1949–1965: Herbert Robert Burnett Gibson (1885–1967) and Dafydd (David) Myrddin Roberts (1906–1977)." Journal of Medical Biography 28, no. 1 (October 26, 2017): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772017702761.

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In May 1940, Sir Charles McMoran Wilson (later Lord Moran) was on the instigation of Lord Max Beaverbrook and Brendan Bracken, (both patients, then friends of Wilson) introduced to Winston Churchill. Thereafter, he remained Churchill’s personal physician until Churchill’s death. In his controversial book detailing Winston Churchill’s health, Lord Moran refers briefly to two doctors resident in Monaco, who were involved in the management of Churchill’s declining health from 1949. One was Scottish, Herbert Robert Burnett Gibson and the other Welsh, Dafydd Myrddin Roberts. The military and civilian careers of these doctors are profiled here.

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18

Le Fevre, Peter. "JASPER CHURCHILL: ANOTHER NAVAL CHURCHILL." Mariner's Mirror 76, no. 1 (January 1990): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.1990.10656283.

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19

ALMOND, Mark. "Churchill and Summit Diplomacy: Wartime Models for Keeping Post-War Peace." Perspectives and prospects. E-journal, no. 2 (22) (2020): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32726/2411-3417-2020-2-107-123.

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Winston Churchill’s participation in the Yalta Conference became one of the most controversial episodes in his long career. However, the most prominent British statesman of the 20th century consistently argued before and after 1945 for summit diplomacy as a key tool for effective alliances and defusing the risk of war. After returning to power in 1951, Churchill had become the first proponent of détente, but as the Cold War intensified found his suggestions for a new summit rejected by both the White House and the Kremlin. There are lessons for today's political leaders from Churchill’s subtle and realistic approach.

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20

Troitiño, David Ramiro, and Archil Chochia. "Winston Churchill And The European Union." Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjlp-2015-0011.

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Abstract Given Winston Churchill’s influence and achievement as a writer, historian, adventurer, soldier, artist, and politician, his participation in the European integration process is crucial to understanding the entire scope of the project in its origins. Churchill was a fundamental voice promoting the Franco-British Union, a promoter of the European Communities, and an active participant of the Congress of Europe, embryo of the Council of Europe. This article analyzes Churchill’s view of European integration through his political speeches, in particular those delivered in Zurich and in The Hague, his ideas about the League of Nations and the United Nations, his understanding of the British Empire, and the special relations between the UK and the USA. His participation in the process of uniting Europe in its early stages provides us with essential information about the original plans for the creation of a united Europe and understanding the traditional British approach to the EU, including the current position of the conservative government led by Cameron.

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21

Mashenko, A. P. "BIG ART AND BIG POLITICS: WHY WINSTON CHURCHILL RECEIVED THE NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE BEFORE ERNEST HEMINGWAY?" Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Philological sciences 6(72), no. 3 (2020): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1679-2020-6-3-165-176.

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The article attempts to solve one of the mysteries of the world literary process of the 20th century. The author explains the reasons for the unusual choice of the Nobel Committee, which presented the outstanding British politician Winston Churchill in 1953 with the prize in literature, preferring him to such recognized masters as Ernest Hemingway, John Steinbeck, Albert Camus, Jean-Paul Sartre, Boris Pasternak, Mikhail Sholokhov, Vladimir Nabokov, Jorge Luis Borges, Jerome Salinger.According to the researcher, the choice of the Nobel Committee was determined by a number of factors: Churchill’s undoubted literary talent, manifested, however, first of all, in historical and memoir literature; the vast artistic legacy created by Churchill in these genres; outstanding public speaking skills of a British politician; charisma and political authority of his personality, as well as the circumstances of his life.Winston Churchill’s political, literary, and journalistic heritage retains its significance today, and his participation in the 1945 Yalta Conference lends the study a geographical proximity to Crimea. At the same time, the article allows for a specific historical example to analyze the decision-making mechanisms to award the most prestigious literary prize in the world.

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22

Maley, Willy, and Richard Stacey. "Winston Churchill’s Divi Britannici (1675) and Archipelagic Royalism." Humanities 11, no. 5 (September 1, 2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11050109.

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Divi Britannici (1675) is a major restoration history that deserves to be more widely known. The work’s author, Sir Winston Churchill (1620–1688), is certainly less well-known than his celebrated descendant of the same name. Seldom mentioned in discussions of seventeenth-century historiography, Divi Britannici can be read alongside contemporary histories, including John Milton’s History of Britain (1670). If British historians have generally overlooked Divi Britannici then Churchill’s work did come to the notice of Michel Foucault, who recognized its arguments around conquest, rights and sovereignty as crucial to the development of political thought in the period. In this essay we excavate Churchill’s arguments, sift through the scattered critical legacy, and locate Divi Britannici both within the context of Restoration histories, with their warring interpretations of England and Britain’s past, and within a tradition of British historiography that associates monarchical rule with national stability. What scholars have missed, however, is the propensity of Churchill to align the restored Stuart monarchy with a form of ethnic co-operation between Scotland, Ireland and England, designed to counter the perceived divisions which were exacerbated by the policies of Cromwell and the parliamentarians.

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23

Shutova, N. M., and I. V. Khlebnikov. "STYLISTIC PECULIARITIES OF A BIOGRAPHICAL NOVEL AS A PROBLEM OF TRANSLATION (BASED ON THE NOVEL BY B. JOHNSON “THE CHURCHILL FACTOR: HOW ONE MAN MADE HISTORY”)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 5 (October 28, 2021): 1010–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-5-1010-1017.

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The paper is concerned with stylistic peculiarities of W. Churchill’s biography written by B. Johnson and published in the USA in 2014 [1] in terms of their preservation in the Russian translation made by A. Galaktionov in 2015 [2]. The author of the biography is convinced that it was W. Churchill who played a crucial role in the victory over fascist Germany and arranging the after war Europe. Churchill is presented as a very strong personality - exceptionally strong and brave in his young days and domineering and very influential in the years of manhood. Much attention is given to Churchill’s journalistic and literary activities. The main character of the book is described through a great number of vivid metaphors, similes, epithets, repetitions, etc. The author is not afraid to make his narration emotional and evaluative. Many of the stylistic devices call for the translator’s special attention, it is necessary to consider the appropriateness of preserving the imagery in view of another addressee. Unfortunately, the translator often resorts to literal translation and introduces the devices used by the author into the Russian text ignoring the peculiarities of the receiving language and culture.

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24

Rowley, Anthony. "Churchill." Commentaire Numéro102, no. 2 (2003): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/comm.102.0427.

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25

Lemonnier, Bertrand, Francois Bedarida, and Roland Marx. "Churchill." Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, no. 67 (July 2000): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3772667.

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26

Tasinafo, Célio Ricardo. "Churchill." História (São Paulo) 22, no. 1 (2003): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-90742003000100010.

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27

Schoenfeld, Max, Robert Blake, William Roger Louis, Norman Rose, John Charmley, Keith Sainsbury, Sheila Lawlor, and Martin Gilbert. "Churchill." Journal of Military History 60, no. 2 (April 1996): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2944434.

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28

Black, Douglas. "Churchill." Clinical Medicine 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 78.1–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.2-1-78.

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29

Cassell, Ronald D. "Churchill." History: Reviews of New Books 29, no. 2 (January 2001): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2001.10525744.

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30

Freeman, William David, Ian S. Wood, Eugene L. Rasor, and Buckley Barry Barrett. "Churchill." Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 33, no. 4 (2001): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4052945.

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31

Martin, Ged. "Churchill." Round Table 101, no. 3 (June 2012): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2012.697805.

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32

McKercher, B. J. C., and Ian S. Wood. "Churchill." Journal of Military History 66, no. 2 (April 2002): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3093123.

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33

Wallace, Andrew L. "Faithful but unfortunate: Churchill and his shoulder." Shoulder & Elbow 11, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573218821590.

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The centenary of the end of the First World War allows an opportunity to reflect on the lessons learned from dissent, not only in political life but also in shoulder surgery. It is not commonly known that the young Winston Churchill had an unstable shoulder that was to affect him from his younger days into his later career. Although he chose to treat his shoulder problem conservatively, one of his contemporaries, ASB Bankart proposed a surgical approach that has come to be the ‘gold standard' of management of the unstable shoulder. This paper reviews the historical record of Churchill's shoulder instability and the lessons he learned from his experience.

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34

Bystrova, Irina V. "Operation “Bracelet”: British Colonel E. Jacob on W. Churchill’s Visit to Moscow in August 1942." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2023): 804–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-804-822.

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The article presents the first Russian publication of a part of the diary of Edward Jacob devoted to the visit of the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to Moscow and to his talks with the leader of the USSR Joseph Stalin in August 1942. This visit was of a great importance for establishing personal contact between the leaders of two countries, which was necessary for the Allies’ cooperation during World War II. The subject of the research is diary of Edward Jacob (1899-1993), who was Military Assistant Secretary to the War Cabinet in 1939-46. The document is stored in the Churchill Archives Centre in Cambridge in personal collection of Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Ian Claude Jacob. Publication of the documents in Russian is being made for the first time; it is justified by the necessity of advanced study of the Soviet-British relations and their influence on the course of World War II. This source contains an original version of events perception by their immediate participant, as reflected in diary records. The major method of research is content analysis of the diary, which makes it possible to detail events connected with Churchill’s visit, to reconstruct the image of Stalin, his environment, common Russian people, and day-to-day life in Russia and in Kremlin in perceptions of a foreigner, the British officer. Jacob’s diary contains original travel notes on his flight over the territory of the USSR, meetings and talks between Churchill and Stalin. Jacob also compiled brief summaries of information, in particular, on Churchill’s arrival to Moscow and the course of his talks with Stalin, which the author of the diary didn’t witness personally. Analysis of the diary text shows that he received his information directly from Churchill, and his interpretation of events is colored by emotional perceptions of the Prime Minister. W. Churchill considered personal contact with J. V. Stalin absolutely necessary for mutual actions during the war. Description of the banquet procedure in Kremlin, also reflected in other national and foreign sources (records of talks from both sides, memoirs of W. A. Harriman, A. Cadogan, etc.), makes it possible to reconstruct “Stalin’s court etiquette” and observations on Stalin’s personality in the perceptions of the diary’s author, distinct from the contents of other sources. Study of Jacob’s diary leads to the conclusion that, despite serious contradictions, which had appeared initially between the two leaders, the contact was re-established in the meetings on August, 14-16, and the change of interpreters helped. The work is of an interest for researchers studying the history of international relations and anti-Hitler coalition, as well as for all interested in the events of World War II.

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35

Meisel, Joseph S. "Words by the Numbers: a Quantitative Analysis and Comparison of the Oratorical Careers of William Ewart Gladstone and Winston Spencer Churchill*." Historical Research 73, no. 182 (October 1, 2000): 262–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00108.

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Abstract This article examines and compares the oratorical productivity of Gladstone and Churchill, two long-lived British statesmen and iconic prime ministers noted for their powers as public speakers. Based upon data sources providing the date, subject and location of their speeches (over 2,000 each), quantitative analyses provide new ways of viewing the patterns and emphases of Gladstone's and Churchill's political careers, and establish a new basis for assessing the role of oratory in their public lives and reputations. Comparisons between Gladstone's and Churchill's public speaking careers shed new light on the changing structures, practices and technologies of British politics from the eighteen-thirties to the nineteen-fifties.

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Semeniuk, Olga, Volodymyr Kuzmenko, Iryna Anderson, Svitlana Baidatska, Ihor Bloshchynskyi, and Oleksandr Lahodynskyi. "“My dearest Mamma”: Mutual Reception between Epistolary Communicators." World Journal of English Language 12, no. 8 (October 20, 2022): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n8p271.

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The epistolary dialogue between Winston Churchill and his mother, Lady Randolph, is a polyphonic unity, incorporating letters carrying “coded” messages which serve for different functions: communication exchanges, autocommunication and mutual reception while reflecting a bond between both correspondents. The article presents a new approach to the concept of mutual reception between epistolary communicators, based on the conducted research of the epistolary dialogues between the son (Winston Churchill) and his mother. The concept of mutual reception is determined here as an ability to “tune” into an emotional wavelength of the epistolary communicator in order to build mutual communication links for keeping the epistolary dialogue flowing. It is argued that the epistolary text represents an intertextual unity, constituting a part of a communication system – an epistolary dialogue, involving interplay between two individuals and creating their mutual epistolary space with the metalanguage to understand which and to discover means for conveying mutual reception is the objective, pursued in this research. The study of Winston Churchill’s unique style of epistolary writing will contribute to future research on related issues.

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37

Tushingham, A. Mark. "Observations of postglacial uplift at Churchill, Manitoba." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 11 (November 1, 1992): 2418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-189.

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Churchill, Manitoba, is located near the centre of postglacial uplift caused by the Earth's recovery from the melting of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The value of present-day uplift at Churchill has important implications in the study of postglacial uplift in that it can aid in constraining the thickness of the ice sheet and the rheology of the Earth. The tide-gauge record at Churchill since 1940 is examined, along with nearby Holocene relative sea-level data, geodetic measurements, and recent absolute gravimetry measurements, and a present-day rate of uplift of 8–9 mm/a is estimated. Glacial isostatic adjustment models yield similar estimates for the rate of uplift at Churchill. The effects of the tide-gauge record of the diversion of the Churchill River during the mid-1970's are discussed.

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Izenstark, Amanda. "Churchill Archive." Charleston Advisor 20, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.20.3.22.

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Clink, Kellian. "Churchill Archive." Reference Reviews 31, no. 5 (June 19, 2017): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-02-2017-0043.

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GREEN, E. H. H. "Churchill Reappraised." Parliamentary History 13, no. 3 (March 17, 2008): 338–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-0206.1994.tb00309.x.

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Rossi, John P. "Churchill Reconsidered." Society 50, no. 1 (December 22, 2012): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12115-012-9621-1.

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Rossi, John P. "Churchill Redux." Society 43, no. 5 (July 2006): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02687579.

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43

Gunawan, Yordan. "Arbitration Award of ICSID on the Investment Disputes of Churchill Mining PLC v. Republic of Indonesia." Hasanuddin Law Review 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i1.948.

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The research is aimed at analyzing the ICSID (International Centre Settlement Investment Dispute) decision in solving a dispute between Churchill Mining PLC and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. The case brought to the public attention, because mining license owned by PT. Ridlatama which acquired from Churchill Mining PLC had been revocated. Churchill Mining PLC holds 75% share of PT. Ridlatama and it suffered losses caused by the revocation of its mining license. Churchill Mining PLC filed the case to the local court but it failed. Churchill Mining PLC then sought ruling from International arbitration or ICSID. On December 6, 2016, ICSID issued a decision that clearly threw out Churchill Mining PLC claim. ICSID, the World Bank court, ordered the firm to pay a total of US$.9.446.528 in cost to the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. It is based on the evidences that the UK-Australia company did the fraud and had document forgery of coal mining permit in East Kutai, Indonesia. So the firm has violated the Bilateral Investment Treaties between Indonesia-UK and Indonesia-Australia.

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Kavanagh, Declan William. "‘Of Neuter Gender, tho’ of Irish growth’: Charles Churchill's Fribble." Irish University Review 43, no. 1 (May 2013): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/iur.2013.0059.

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This essay argues that the work of a lesser-known mid-eighteenth-century satirist Charles Churchill (1731–1764) provides a rich literary source for queer historical considerations of the conflation of xenophobia with effeminophobia in colonial imaginings of Ireland. This article analyzes Churchill's verse-satire The Rosciad (1761) through a queer lens in order to reengage the complex history of queer figurations of Ireland and the Irish within the British popular imagination. In the eighth edition of The Rosciad – a popular and controversial survey of London's contemporary players – Churchill portrays the Irish actor Thady Fitzpatrick as an effeminate fribble, before championing the manly acting abilities of the English actor David Garrick. The phobic attack on Fitzpatrick in The Rosciad is a direct response to Fitzpatrick's involvement in the ‘Fitzgiggo’ riots of January 1763 at the Drury Lane and Covent-Garden theatres. While Churchill's lampooning of the actor recalls Garrick's earlier satirizing of Fitzpatrick as a fribble in The Fribbleriad (1741) and Miss in her Teens (1747), The Rosciad is unique in its explicit conflation of androgyny with ethnicity through Irish classification. The portraiture of Fitzpatrick functions, alongside interrelated axes of ethnicity, class and gender, to prohibit access to a ‘normative’ middle-class English identity, figured through the ‘manly’ theatrical sensibility of the poem's hero, Garrick. Moreover, in celebrating a ‘Truly British Age’, the poem privileges English female players, in essentialist and curiously de-eroticized terms, as ‘natural’ though flawed performers. By analyzing Churchill's phobic juxtaposition of Garrick and the female players against the Irish fribble, this article evinces how mid-century discourses of effeminacy were also instrumental in enforcing racial taxonomies.

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Ali, Rohaid, Ian D. Connolly, Amy Li, Omar A. Choudhri, Arjun V. Pendharkar, and Gary K. Steinberg. "The strokes that killed Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin." Neurosurgical Focus 41, no. 1 (July 2016): E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.4.focus1575.

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From February 4 to 11, 1945, President Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States, Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met near Yalta in Crimea to discuss how post–World War II (WWII) Europe should be organized. Within 2 decades of this conference, all 3 men had died. President Roosevelt died 2 months after the Yalta Conference due to a hemorrhagic stroke. Premier Stalin died 8 years later, also due to a hemorrhagic stroke. Finally, Prime Minister Churchill died 20 years after the conference because of complications due to stroke. At the time of Yalta, these 3 men were the leaders of the most powerful countries in the world. The subsequent deterioration of their health and eventual death had varying degrees of historical significance. Churchill's illness forced him to resign as British prime minister, and the events that unfolded immediately after his resignation included Britain's mismanagement of the Egyptian Suez Crisis and also a period of mistrust with the United States. Furthermore, Roosevelt was still president and Stalin was still premier at their times of passing, so their deaths carried huge political ramifications not only for their respective countries but also for international relations. The early death of Roosevelt, in particular, may have exacerbated post-WWII miscommunication between America and the Soviet Union—miscommunication that may have helped precipitate the Cold War.

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Hulme, Peter. "That Unexpected Margin of Capital." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 97, no. 3-4 (July 21, 2023): 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-09703052.

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Abstract For many years, a weapon in the armory of those advocating for Eric Williams’s thesis that the profits from slavery helped finance the Industrial Revolution in Britain has been a speech made by Winston Churchill making that very point. Williams himself referred to the speech in 1942, as did George Padmore in 1953, but neither provided chapter and verse. Subsequently, a whole raft of commentators has followed suit, but always only via a reference to Williams or Padmore. This research note provides the original date and context for Churchill’s words.

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Alexandrescu, Mihai. "Refusal to Negotiate: Britain’s Position and Impact on the World War in 1940." Transylvanian Review 31, no. 3 (May 19, 2024): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/tr.2024.1.08.

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In 1940, amidst World War II, the United Kingdom, under Prime Minister Winston Churchill, decisively refused to negotiate with the Axis Powers. This article explores the strategic implications of this refusal, arguing that it prevented the legitimization of Germany’s aggressive policies and altered the war’s course. By analyzing the Versailles peace system’s failures, Churchill’s leadership, and the geopolitical shifts resulting from the United Kingdom’s stance, the article highlights how this decision shaped the postwar world order, influencing Europe’s geopolitical landscape and setting the stage for an Allied victory

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Zubakina, T. N. "Poetic Allusion of J. Milton’s Poem “Paradise Lost” in Historical Discourse of W. Churchill." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 8 (October 29, 2022): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-8-9-23.

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Literary allusion in historical discourse is considered as a means of enhancing the semantic and aestheticemotional content of the text. The results of studying the semantics of allusive units in the works of W. Churchill, taking into account the historical context of events are presented in the article. The results of a comparative analysis of three unidentified political allusions noted in D. Holly’s book “Churchill’s Literary Allusions” are discussed. The author of the publication emphasizes that when using the allusion as a unit of renomination, the context affects the creation of the allusive meaning. The variants of allusive meanings of the same lines of J. Milton’s poem “Paradise Lost” in three different historical contexts and different literary genres: in historical narration, in a public speech of a British politician and in military memoirs are analyzed in the article. The novelty of the study is seen primarily in the fact that the studied poetic allusions were not previously identified in the texts of W. Churchill. The value of the research results lies in its interdisciplinary nature, carried out at the intersection of linguistics, semantics, history and hermeneutics.

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Dmitrenko, Igor A., Denis L. Volkov, Tricia A. Stadnyk, Andrew Tefs, David G. Babb, Sergey A. Kirillov, Alex Crawford, Kevin Sydor, and David G. Barber. "Atmospherically forced sea-level variability in western Hudson Bay, Canada." Ocean Science 17, no. 5 (October 6, 2021): 1367–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1367-2021.

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Abstract. In recent years, significant trends toward earlier breakup and later freeze-up of sea ice in Hudson Bay have led to a considerable increase in shipping activity through the Port of Churchill, which is located in western Hudson Bay and is the only deep-water ocean port in the province of Manitoba. Therefore, understanding sea-level variability at the port is an urgent issue crucial for safe navigation and coastal infrastructure. Using tidal gauge data from the port along with an atmospheric reanalysis and Churchill River discharge, we assess environmental factors impacting synoptic to seasonal variability of sea level at Churchill. An atmospheric vorticity index used to describe the wind forcing was found to correlate with sea level at Churchill. Statistical analyses show that, in contrast to earlier studies, local discharge from the Churchill River can only explain up to 5 % of the sea-level variability. The cyclonic wind forcing contributes from 22 % during the ice-covered winter–spring season to 30 % during the ice-free summer–fall season due to cyclone-induced storm surges generated along the coast. Multiple regression analysis revealed that wind forcing and local river discharge combined can explain up to 32 % of the sea-level variability at Churchill. Our analysis further revealed that the seasonal cycle of sea level at Churchill appears to be impacted by the seasonal cycle in atmospheric circulation rather than by the seasonal cycle in local discharge from the Churchill River, particularly post-construction of the Churchill River diversion in 1977. Sea level at Churchill shows positive anomalies for September–November compared to June–August. This seasonal difference was also revealed for the entire Hudson Bay coast using satellite-derived sea-level altimetry. This anomaly was associated with enhanced cyclonic atmospheric circulation during fall, reaching a maximum in November, which forced storm surges along the coast. Complete sea-ice cover during winter impedes momentum transfer from wind stress to the water column, reducing the impact of wind forcing on sea-level variability. Expanding our observations to the bay-wide scale, we confirmed the process of wind-driven sea-level variability with (i) tidal-gauge data from eastern Hudson Bay and (ii) satellite altimetry measurements. Ultimately, we find that cyclonic winds generate sea-level rise along the western and eastern coasts of Hudson Bay at the synoptic and seasonal timescales, suggesting an amplification of the bay-wide cyclonic geostrophic circulation in fall (October–November), when cyclonic vorticity is enhanced, and Hudson Bay is ice-free.

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Worrall, Richard John. "‘The termination of the long immunity from air raids’: The bombing of Berlin under Operation Tannenberg, August 1942–March 1943." War in History 29, no. 2 (April 2022): 486–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09683445211013567.

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Arthur Harris infamously pursued the Battle of Berlin in winter 1943/1944 in the face of an increasingly sceptical Air Staff and a disinterested prime minister. The irony was that originally the C-in-C Bomber Command was lukewarm about bombing Berlin. Instead, it was Churchill who continually pressed for attacking the German Capital under Operation Tannenberg, which went ahead in mid-January 1943, for wider political considerations, especially Anglo-Soviet relations. For the Air Staff and Harris, they endeavoured to use Churchill’s enthusiasm for bombing Berlin to further an agenda of increasing the qualitative and quantitative capabilities of Bomber Command.

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