Academic literature on the topic 'Church Problem'

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Journal articles on the topic "Church Problem"

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Kulaga, Victor V. "CHURCH COMMUNITY PROBLEM IN ORTHODOX ECCLESIOLOGY." Богословский сборник Тамбовской духовной семинарии, no. 4 (2021): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51216/2687-072x_2021_4_27.

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Горстка, Дмитрий Николаевич. "The problem of recognition of church diplomas by the state: the essence of the problem and solutions." Праксис, no. 2(9) (October 15, 2023): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/praxis.2022.9.2.016.

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По выпуску из семинарий на территории России студенты получают два диплома – государственный и церковный, поскольку государство не признаёт дипломы Русской Православной Церкви. За рубежом в некоторых странах российское духовное образование признается. Например, в украинском государстве дипломы, выданные Русской Православной Церковью, признаются, но по особой процедуре. В России такой практики нет. Система духовного образования в нашем государстве подведомственна Церкви, её органам и нормативным актам. Со стороны Церкви предпринимались попытки решить проблему признания дипломов путём реформ, однако это не принесло ожидаемого результата. Правоведы и богословы неоднократно поднимали этот вопрос, однако духовное образование в России по-прежнему не признаётся. В статье рассматривается история проблемы и специфика регулирования Церковью духовного образования. Кроме того, предлагается ещё один путь решения проблемы. Upon graduation from seminaries in Russia, Students receive two diplomas – state and church, since the state does not recognize diplomas of the Russian Orthodox Church. Russian spiritual education is recognized abroad in some countries. For example, in the Ukrainian state, diplomas issued by the Russian Orthodox Church are recognized, but according to a special procedure. There is no such practice in Russia. The system of spiritual education in our state is subordinate to the Church, its bodies and regulations. On the part of the Church, attempts were made to solve the problem of recognition of diplomas through reforms, but this did not bring the expected result. Jurists and theologians have repeatedly raised this issue, but spiritual education in Russia is still not recognized. The article examines the history of the problem and the specifics of the regulation of spiritual education by the Church. In addition, another way to solve the problem is proposed.
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Grumbles, Preslie B. "Clerical-Collar Crime: How Church Members Deal When Church Leaders Steal Church Property." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 9, no. 1 (April 2023): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v9.i1.4.

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Christian churches will lose an estimated $59 billion worldwide to embezzlement in 2022. Embezzlement and other white-collar crimes are property theft crimes characterized by the violation of another’s trust. This Comment names white-collar crimes committed exclusively by church leaders or officials “clerical-collar crimes.” Distinguishing clerical-collar crime from white-collar crime gives weight to and promotes future consideration of the unique problems that arise when church leaders and officials commit clerical-collar crime.Although clerical-collar crime is subject to civil and criminal liability, this Comment focuses solely on victims’ experiences in bringing civil claims against perpetrators of clerical-collar crime in Texas and leaves clerical-collar crime prosecution and punishment to future study. This Comment begins by examining three reasons why churches are uniquely vulnerable to clerical-collar crime. Then, this Comment describes three civil claims church members can bring against perpetrators of clerical-collar crime, two challenges church members face in bringing those claims in Texas, and the difficulty of recovering stolen property due to the judgment-proof problem. This Comment concludes by making several recommendations to protect churches from clerical-collar crime and mitigate victims’ losses.
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Firman Apri Yanto, Guntur, and Verry Willyam. "Penggunaan Problem Solving Melalui Pendekatan Coaching dalam Kepemimpinan Kristen Masa Kini." KINAA: Jurnal Kepemimpinan Kristen dan Pemberdayaan Jemaat 4, no. 2 (February 12, 2024): 142–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34307/kinaa.v4i2.131.

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The church in its physical form and organism is a realm of service that has existed since ancient times until now. Leaders are always needed in the church according to the times. Many Christian leaders are faced with choices and decisions to solve problems in ministry. Service problems must be resolved wisely and precisely. Therefore Christian leaders must continue to learn to improve their problem-solving skills or solve problems. It is good to use a coaching approach to improve problem-solving skills or solve problems for Christian leaders in church and community. This paper is based on the results of a literature study that examines primary sources or existing research and scientific writings using qualitative methods and is explained descriptively. This paper describes the complexity of the problems faced by Christian leaders in the church and shows the effectiveness of the coaching approach to improve the ability of Christian leaders to solve problems faced appropriately in church and community services. Gereja dalam bentuk fisik maupun organisme merupakan ranah pelayanan yang ada sejak jaman dulu hingga sekarang. Pemimpin selalu dibutuhkan dalam gereja sesuai perkembangan zaman. Pemimpin Kristen banyak diperhadapkan dengan pilihan maupun keputusan untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah dalam pelayanan. Masalah-masalah pelayanan harus diselesaikan dengan bijak dan tepat. Oleh sebab itu pemimpin Kristen harus terus belajar dalam meningkatkan kemampuan problem solving atau memecahkan masalah. Hal itu baik jika menggunakan pendekatan coaching dalam meningkatkan kemampuan problem solving atau memecahkan masalah pada pemimpin Kristen baik di gereja maupun komunitas. Tulisan ini berdasarkan hasil studi pustaka yang mengkaji sumber-sumber utama ataupun penelitian serta tulisan ilmiah yang ada dengan metode kualitatif dan dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Tulisan ini menguraikan kompleksitas masalah-masalah yang dihadapi pemimpin Kristen dalam gereja dan menunjukkan efektifitas pendekatan coaching untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemimpin Kristen dalam memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi dengan tepat dalam pelayanan gereja maupun komunitas.
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Костин, Алексей Игоревич. "The Problem of the Norm of Church Slavonic Pronunciation." Слово и образ. Вопросы изучения христианского литературного наследия, no. 2(4) (September 15, 2021): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/wi.2021.4.2.007.

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Статья посвящена современному церковнославянскому языку, его значению в современной языковой среде, современной произносительной норме церковнославянской речи, звучащей во время богослужения в храмах Русской Православной Церкви. The article is devoted to the modern Church Slavonic language, its significance in the modern language environment, the modern pronunciation norm of the Church Slavonic language and the speech heard during the divine services in the churches of the Russian Orthodox Church.
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MISEVYCH, SERHII. "The Valid Law of the Church: the Problem of Changing Church Canons." Erlìhìvsʹkij žurnal 3 (June 20, 2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/ehrlichsjournal2019.03.038.

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Tunytsya, Yu, and M. Gaykovskyy. "Church and social problems." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 4 (December 10, 1996): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1996.4.80.

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Under such general name on the basis of the Lviv Polytechnic University every two years scientific international conferences take place. In September of this year she was devoted to the problem "Human person and spiritual values". At the conference, 45 scientific reports were heard and discussed. The huge potential of Christianity in the formation, education and spiritualization of the human person and the Ukrainian society was pointed out.
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Haniko, Bert. "Bimbingan Lanjutan dalam Pertumbuhan Gereja pada Masa Kini." EUANGGELION: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 3, no. 2 (July 21, 2023): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.61390/euanggelion.v3i2.55.

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Abstract: The problems of the church today must be carefully considered in order to think carefully about what must be done to achieve a church growth in accordance with God's will. In fact today the church is not growing because so many people were lost after they accepted Jesus. A general description of continued guidance that results in church growth that is happening today is that the problem is the existence of a weakness and negligence of the church, namely the lack of steady implementation of further guidance services which results in church growth being less stable in quality. Key words: A Church gwoth in accordance with God’s will.
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Cherepanov, D. D. "The Problem of Transmitting Church Tradition in the Works by Sergey Fudel." Orthodoxia, no. 2 (December 25, 2023): 92–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2023-2-92-115.

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The article is dedicated to one of the most relevant issues in religious thought—the preservation of church tradition. The interest in this issue became particularly acute for Russian religious thinkers of the 20th century, who witnessed radical changes in living conditions and collective consciousness. The article examines the interpretation of the issue in the works by Sergey Fudel (1900–1977), a church writer and carrier of pre-revolutionary Russian culture. He had communication with outstanding spiritual figures spanning the late 19th to the 20th centuries, confessors of faith, and new martyrs. The church and historical context of Fudel’s works is explored, clarifying the connection between the writer’s views on the transmission of church tradition, his own biography, the figures of his mentors, and the existence conditions for the persecuted Church, evidenced in Fudel’s writings. The article sheds light on the writer’s response to changes in the conditions of church life in the mid-20th century and the feeling of a “generation gap” that emerged in him. It reconstructs Fudel’s notion of the “monastery in the world” as an environment where church tradition is preserved. The correlation between Fudel’s concept of church tradition and his ecclesiological views is illuminated. The research findings lead to the conclusion that the phenomenon of the “hidden Church” as an alliance of “two or three” disciples of Christ was not, in Fudel’s view, a temporary solution stemming from the era of persecutions. Instead, the writer regarded such an experience as an exposition of the Church’s original teaching about itself and an enduring model of church relations. Like many others, Fudel acknowledged the providential significance of trials undergone by the Russian Church. However, he insisted that the experience of the “hidden Church” revealed the original teaching of the Church about itself, preserved throughout the ages. The article also considers the relationship between Fudel’s views and other approaches to the “generation gap” problem. Fudel’s evaluation of previous eras, marked by the “external prosperity” of Christianity, allows characterization of his attitude towards various concepts of tradition, both classical, tracing back to the times of the Byzantine Empire, and those contemporary to the writer.
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Hoge, R. "Introduction: The Problem of Understanding Church Giving." Review of Religious Research 36, no. 2 (December 1994): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3511402.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Church Problem"

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Chung, Heera. "The church defence problem in Conservative politics, 1841-1847." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401142.

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Dube, George. "The self understanding of the Church in Africa an ecclesiological problem /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.

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Bernard, Kathryn Elaine. "Child abuse a survey of the problem with suggestions for church intervention /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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Maurer, Frank R. "Dealing with a congregational problem of Elk Lodge membership." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 1987. http://www.tren.com.

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Perrott, Mark Edward Croome. "Richard Hooker and the problem of authority in the context of Elizabethan Church controversies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272704.

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Watts, Kathleen Louise. "The Bethesda relational healing model and student Peer Governance Program : a mixed-method study of their effects on behavior, relationships, and climate in a Christian school /." Free full text is available to ORU patrons only; click to view, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1860334641&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=456&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Griffiths, Stephen Mark. "Redeem the time : the problem of sin in the writings of John Owen (1616-1683)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313247.

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Early, Alfred L. "Changing attitudes in problem-solving styles of pastors ministering to divorced persons /." Free full text is available to ORU patrons only; click to view:, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1288648071&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=456&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Strong, Micheal M. "A theological and sociological analysis of the family dropout problem following the rite of confirmation and graduation of children from Trinity Evangelical Lutheran School, Springfield, Illinois." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.

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Kim, Soon-Seong. "Ecclesial spirituality in the Korean Presbyterian Church : a practical and hermeneutical investigation into the problem of marginality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49937.

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Thesis (DTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2004
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The focus of this study is on the unique and unparalleled features that the Korean Presbyterian Church (KPC) representing the broad Korean Church has displayed during last 120 years' mission history: a strong revivalism in the formative phase; a remarkable Church growth in the growing phase; a rapid moral secularisation in the declining phase. Specifically this study aims to account for the problematic phenomenon manifested during last three decades and further to suggest a substantial alternative for the . problem at this stage. To achieve this aim, this study employed a practical hermeneutical methodology and was approached in terms of ecclesial spirituality. Chapter II, paying special attention to the marginality of the Korean nation destined to be a victim of world powers in modem history, provides a short history of the KPC from a marginal perspective to discern the particular geopolitical, socio-politicoeconomic, and cultural situations that presumed to have had a crucial impact on shaping the spirituality of the KPc. Chapter III proposes, as a base theory, a definition towards the phenomenon of ecclesial spirituality: EccLesial spirituality is eccLesial apprehension and response to the meaning and power of God ~ presence and redemptive activity in the powerdominated world. According to the proposed definition ecclesial spirituality takes shape through the hermeneutical process of the faith community in the dynamic interplay between divine, human and contextual powers operating in socio-historical situations. Chapter IV analyses and explains, on the basis of the proposed definition, what and how contextual realities historically operated in shaping the spirituality of the KPC and further evaluates the features of the KPC's spirituality manifested in each historical phase. The result shows that the marginal situation of the nation operates as a crucial factor in the formation of the KPC's spirituality in each particular socio-historical context in either a positive or negative way. Chapter V, as the normative and strategic phase of our research methodology, concludes by examining the theological identity of the Church in relation with the power-dominated world and by investigating the hermeneutical locus of ecclesial praxis, whereby marginality is suggested as the praxial hermeneutical locus of authentic ecclesial identity and spirituality in the world. And further, identifying the Church as a marginal community in the world, this study finally proposes a spirituality of marginality as an incomplete suggestion of the direction towards which the spirituality of the KPC should steer. This study contributes towards the development of an ecclesial hermeneutic for the benefit of ecclesial transformation in the world. Specifically, its contribution is to realise the distinctive identity and position of the KPC as ecclesia crucis in the contemporary situation. It can also motivate the significance of studies in ecclesial spirituality, not only for the KPC, but also for both Western churches and the South African white Church in their identity crisis in the contemporary dominant culture and drastically changed socio-political context.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing fokus op die unieke karaktertrekke van die Koreaanse Presbiteriaanse Kerke (genoem die KPC) soos gemanifesteer gedurende die afgelope 120 jaar: 'n sterk aksent op herlewing in die vormingsfase; daama 'n merkwaardige kerkgroei fase en uiteindelik 'n snelle sekularisasie fase in die laaste fase. Dit vertoon ooreenkoms met ander Koreaanse kerke in die tydperk. Die studie pro beer om laasgenoemde problematiese fenomeen van die laaste drie dekades teologies te verantwoord en 'n altematiewe optrede met betrekking daartoe te suggereer. Die studie gebruik 'n prakties-hermeneutiese metodiek om die ekklesiale spiritualiteit te verken. Hoofstuk II gee in besonder aandag aan die marginaliteit van die Koreaanse nasie insoverre dit 'n slagoffer geword het van modeme wereldmagte. Dit word gedoen aan die hand van 'n kort geskiedbeskrywing van die KPC, gesien vanuit 'n marginale perspektief waarin spesifieke geopolitieke, sosio-ekonomiese en kulturele aspekte onderskei word 0 wat almal 'n kritieke impak gehad het in die vormgewing van die spiritualiteit van die KPc. Hoofstuk III pro beer om 'n basisteorie te ontwikkel aan die hand van 'n definisie van ekklesiale spiritualiteit, nl. Ekklesiale spiritualiteit is die ekklesiale aanvoeling van en respons op die betekenis van God se dinamiese presensie en verlossende handelinge in 'n wereld gedomineer deur magte. Hiervolgens word 'n ekklesiale spiritualiteit gevorm deur hermeneutiese prosesse binne die geloofsgemeenskap in die dinamiese wissel werking tussen die goddelike, menslike en kontekstuele magte wat in sosio-historiese situasies hulle laat geld. Op die basis van hierdie definisie word in hoofstuk IV 'n analise en verduideliking gegee van hoe hierdie kontekstuele realiteite die spiritualiteit binne die KPC gevorm het. Verder word die spesifieke aard van die spiritualiteit in elke historiese fase ontleed en geevalueer, Dit toon dan duidelik aan hoe die marginale omstandighede telkens 'n kritieke faktor was in die vorming van die bepaalde spiritualiteit in elke spesifieke sosio-historiese konteks, hetsy positief of negatief. Hoofstuk V verteenwoordig die normatiewe en strategiese fase van die gevolgde navorsingsmetodiek. Daarin word die teologiese identiteit van die kerk met betrekking tot 'n mag-gedomineerde wereld beskrywe aan die hand van 'n ondersoek na die hermeneutiese locus van die ekklesiale praxis. Hierin word gesuggereer dat marginaliteit hierdie praksiaalhermeneutiese locus is van 'n outentieke ekklesiale identiteit en spiritualiteit. Verder, insoverre die kerke wesenlik 'n marginale gemeenskap vir die wereld is, het die studie 'n spiritualiteit van marginaliteit aangedui as die nirnrnereindigende doelwit waarop die spiritualiteit van die KPC telkens weer gerig moet wees 0 'n soort eskatologiese spiritualiteit in hierdie wereld. Die navorsing wil 'n bydrae lewer in die ontwikkeling van 'n ekklesiale hermeneutiek wat die ekklesiale transformasieproses wil dien. Meer spesifiek wil dit die onderskeidende identiteit van die KPC sien as 'n ecclesia crucis in die eietydse situasie. Dit wil verder die diskussie oor ekklesiale spiritualiteit binne die KPC bevorder, maar ook in Westerse kerke en spesifiek in die kerke van Suid-Afrika op soek na 'n ekklesiale identiteit binne die eietydse dominante kultuur en 'n diepgaande, veranderde sosio-politieke konteks.
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Books on the topic "Church Problem"

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Solving the country church problem. Cincinnati: Jennings and Graham, 1989.

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The problem of religious progress. New York: Eaton & Mains, 1990.

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W, Skillen James, ed. The problem of poverty. Sioux Center, IA: Dordt College Press, 2011.

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Kuyper, Abraham. The problem of poverty. Washington, DC: Center for Public Justice, 1991.

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Kuyper, Abraham. The problem of poverty. Washington, DC: Center for Public Justice, 1991.

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Der Kirchenaustritt: Rechtliches Problem und pastorale Herausforderung. Freiburg: Herder, 2013.

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Napiórkowski, Stanisław Celestyn. Spór o Matkę: Mariologia jako problem ekumeniczny. 2nd ed. Lublin: Wydawn. KUL, 2011.

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Napiórkowski, Stanisław Celestyn. Spór o Matkę: Mariologia jako problem ekumeniczny. Lublin: Red. Wydawnictw KUL, 1988.

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A problem of presence: Beyond Scripture in an African church. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2007.

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A, Carson D., ed. Biblical interpretation and the Church: The problem of contextualization. Nashville: T. Nelson Publishers, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Church Problem"

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Rabinovich, Alexander. "Church Synthesis Problem with Parameters." In Computer Science Logic, 546–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11874683_36.

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Aguzzi, Steven D. "The problem of supersessionism." In Israel, the Church, and Millenarianism, 25–56. Title: Israel, the church, and millenarianism : a way beyond replacement theology / Steven D. Aguzzi. Description: New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge new critical thinking in religion, theology, and biblical studies: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315590141-3.

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Velner, Yaron, and Alexander Rabinovich. "Church Synthesis Problem for Noisy Input." In Foundations of Software Science and Computational Structures, 275–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19805-2_19.

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Schulze, Winfried. "Estates and the Problem of Resistance in Theory and Practice in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." In Crown, Church and Estates, 158–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21579-9_12.

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King, Derek S. "Locating Hiddenness." In The Church and the Problem of Divine Hiddenness, 6–26. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003346951-2.

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King, Derek S. "Hidden and Revealed." In The Church and the Problem of Divine Hiddenness, 27–49. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003346951-3.

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King, Derek S. "Conclusion." In The Church and the Problem of Divine Hiddenness, 141–55. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003346951-8.

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King, Derek S. "Mirrors of God." In The Church and the Problem of Divine Hiddenness, 117–40. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003346951-7.

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King, Derek S. "Introduction." In The Church and the Problem of Divine Hiddenness, 1–5. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003346951-1.

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King, Derek S. "The Sacramental Life." In The Church and the Problem of Divine Hiddenness, 96–116. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003346951-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Church Problem"

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Baida, I. P. "The problem of the Eucharistic union of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine with other Local Churches (on the example of the Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia and the Serbian Orthodox Church)." In INTERACTION OF THE EXPERIENCE OF POST-YUGOSLAV AND UKRAINIAN AREAS: CULTURAL, LINGUISTIC, LITERARY, ARTISTIC, HISTORICAL, AND JOURNALISTIC ASPECTS. Baltija Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-393-4-30.

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Demchenkov, Sergei A. "Russian Church Schism Of The 17th Century As A Semiotic Problem." In SCTCGM 2018 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.03.02.76.

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Bokoch, V. М. "Church calendar reform in Ukraine as a problem of civilization choice." In WORLD ECONOMY AND CIVILIZATIONAL PROGRESS AMIDST POLYSTRUCTURAL CHANGES: ECONOMIC-TECHNOLOGICAL, RESOURCE, POLITICAL-LEGAL, SECURITY-SOCIAL FACTORS. Baltija Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-412-2-48.

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BRINK, M., S. OMLIN, M. BASNER, and R. PIEREN. "AN EVENT-RELATED EXAMINATION OF AWAKENINGS DUE TO NOCTURNAL CHURCH BELL SOUNDS." In International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (ICBEN) 2011. Institute of Acoustics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/16991.

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5

Krestov, Sergey, Alyona Loginova, and Iurii Stroganov. "NUMERALS IN MODEL OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION." In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-081.

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The purpose of this study was to create a system of knowledge representation in information systems most similar to the model of human knowledge representation. The problem of plain arithmetic operations and numerals representation was chosen as a main goal. Knowledge representation in general terms was chosen for the current problem as a first goal. For this purpose psychological theories and experiments about human knowledge representation models were overviewed. As en example, the "violin" experiment was given. This experiment confirms the idea of information representation in human's mind as a net of entities connected by associative relations. As an analogue of such structure in information technologies world semantic networks were considered. This structure was chosen because semantic networks use the same idea of knowledge representation as a graph. Ontology as a pattern of semantic networks construction is also considered. Following this pattern edges and their relations are joined into classes with common properties and behavior. Finally, technical and psychological approaches were compared to chose the most correct way to represent information as humans do. But the problem of numerals representation in human's mind also has its own psychological problems. Such concepts of numbers for adults and children differences were shown. Requirements for this concept were specified, such as: the measure and the sequence of information representation. Guided by this rules the concept of Church numerals was chosen. This concept exists in lambda calculus, which base ideas were described in the paper as well. Church numbers approach in terms of semantic networks was also given. For calculations simplification the addition table idea was used and applied with semantic networks context. But a human usually uses place-value notation when big numbers are required. And Church numbers use too much memory in this situation (an addition table grows too fast with maximum of number defined in Church notation). So the place-value notation which uses Church numbers as digits and as a position marker was given.
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Gracia, Alberto, F. Javier Torrijo, and Miguel Pérez. "Restoration Project of vernacular architecture affected for ground subsidence. A case study in Juslibol Church (Zaragoza, Spain)." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15133.

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ABSTRACT By request of the Archbishopric of Zaragoza there is realized from 2011 an exhaustive study of the situation of the Parish Church dedicated to the Asunción of Our Lady (XVIIIth century) of Juslibol (Zaragoza, Spain). This Church has suffered for many years problems of deformations and settlements caused by the combination of several particularly unfavorable factors, such as: the poor quality of the support ground, its situation on a slope on a half-slope, and leaks from a supply network, and especially sewage network, which have favored processes of dissolution-subsidence of the ground below foundations. A support system (jet-grouting), such as underpinning, was provided to ensure the stability of the structure but the problem does not fit only to the building of the Church. An aspect that had not been sufficiently addressed until now is the situation of cracks recognized in the Church in relation to those existing in the surrounding area. From the diagram of the recognized cracks in the pavement of the streets and squares, as well as in the buildings themselves, a lateral correlation of these can be made; obtaining a system, toward the top of the slope, in consecutive discharge arches, that give sense to the idea of a descending flow that fits well to the morphology of alluvial fan of the primitive ravine It can be said that the problem affecting the Church, as regards the movements it is recording at the moment, has its origin in a much broader area which includes at least a part of the slope that corresponds to the old alluvial fan of the ravine that is located right in the head. Currently, models and calculations have been made that have allowed us to assess a restoration-stabilization project that has recently been initiated.
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Ozola, Silvija. "SPATIAL AND ARTISTIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE HANSEATIC CITIES ON THE BALTIC SEACOAST IN THE 13TH AND 14TH CENTURIES." In 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2023/fs09.14.

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The Roman Catholic Church had a special influence. During the economic and cultural upswing, an abbey built in Cluny became a sample in the church building during the 9th�11th century. Various trends in the cathedral building existed in different regions of Western Europe. On the Baltic Sea coast, the Pope of Rome and the Holy Roman Emperor started to spread the Catholic faith by the mid-12th century. In cities, cathedrals took the leading position and replaced monastery churches in the 13th century. The commercial importance of the trading centre of Lubeck increased when it joined with Hamburg in 1241 to form the nucleus of the Hanseatic League. Churches for citizenship Catholic parishes became architectural dominates in Hanseatic cities. An important trade city of Riga became the main economic base of the Teutonic Order and the Riga Archbishopric Centre, where urban space developed. Research object: urban space of the 13th and 14th centuries in Hanseatic cities. Research problem: sacral buildings changed urban aesthetics and the development of cities� planning; the spatial and artistic quality of Hanseatic cities had been sufficiently studied to preserve their identity during the development of the contemporary urban environment. Novelty: analysis of common and distinctive artistic features in European and Latvian Hanseatic cities in the 13th and 14th centuries. Research goal: analyse the impact of churches on the development of cities in the 13th and 14th centuries. Methods: analysis of archive documents, cartographic materials, studies of published literature, an inspection of churches in nature, photo fixation.
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OMLIN, S., B. SCHÄFFER, and M. BRINK. "ABSTRACT ONLY - SLEEP DISTURBING EFFECTS OF NIGHTLY CHURCH BELLS RINGINGS & AIRCRAFT NOISE IN THE SWISS POPULATION - AN IMPACT ANALYSIS." In International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (ICBEN) 2011. Institute of Acoustics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25144/17031.

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Vacaru, Nadia-Elena. "SEVERAL INTERVENTIONS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF WORKERS: THE STATE CONTRIBUTION AND THE SOCIAL WORK OF THE CHURCH." In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b31/s8.014.

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ГАЛАШЕВИЧ, А. А., and Е. Л. ХВОРОСТОВА. "Concerning the Problem of Original Exterior Reconstruction and Construction Stages Chronology of the Church of the Dormition of the Mother of God in Ivanishchi Village." In Тверь, тверская земля и сопредельные территории в эпоху средневековья. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2018.978-5-9906508-3-1.225-239.

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Архитектурно-археологические исследования церкви Успения в селе Иваниши, проведенные в 2003–2005 гг., позволили уточнить строительную историю храма и реконструировать его первоначальный облик. Вкупе с другими натурными наблюдениями по памятнику, и при изучении архивно-библиографического материала установлено восемь основных строительных периодов здания. Architectural and archaeological research of the church of the Dormition in Ivanishchi village took place in 2003–2005 and made it possible to specify periods of its construction and restore its original exterior. This data along with other field studies of the archaeological site and archival and bibliographic sources allowed to outline eight main construction stages.
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Reports on the topic "Church Problem"

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Campbell, Heidi A., Sophia Osteen, and Grayson Sparks. Diverse Congregations, Similar Experiences: How Pastors of Different Ethnic and Racial Churches Encountered Similar Issues and Opportunities During the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Network For New Media, Religion & Digital Culture Studies, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/oak/1969.1/198162.

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It might be assumed churches coming from diverse cultural backgrounds would also express notable differences in how they conceptualize, operate, and envision the role of church, especially during times of crisis. However, despite having differing access to resources and levels of technological preparedness, this study found that congregations from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds in Indiana responded surprisingly similar to the digital shift that was required of their congregations during the Covid-19 pandemic. In our study of Indiana churches use of technology during the pandemic, we found White, African American and Multicultural congregations all approached digital technology as an essential “tool” to be used to solve the problem of sustaining weekly gatherings. The only notable difference was a slight shift between 2020 to 2021 in African American congregations manifested in their perceptions of technology. These congregations began the pandemic conceptualizing technology as a simple tool to help them replicate in-person gatherings, but a year later they primarily saw technology as an innovative way to build new community connections. Interestingly, a similar shift in perspective was not noted amongst White congregations.
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Pavlyuk, Іhor. HUMANІTARІAN CONTROVERSY ІN THE WESTERN UKRAІNІAN PRESS DURІNG THE PERІOD BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WARS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12139.

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The artіcle hіghlіghts the humanіtarіan polemіcs іn the Western Ukraіnіan press іn the іnterwar (1920-30s) perіod іn three aspects: the polemіcs of Ukraіnіan-language magazіnes among themselves, the polemіcs of the Ukraіnіan-language press wіth the Polіsh and Russіan press, the place of the Ukraіnіan press іnvolved іn the polemіcs іn the colonіal and global cultural – іnformatіonal contexts, іts representatіve relatіons wіth the judіcіal, executіve and legіslatіve authorіtіes іn the process of changes іn the socіal and polіtіcal atmosphere іn thіs tіme-space. The purpose of thіs artіcle іs to hіghlіght the humanіtarіan polemіcs іn the Western Ukraіnіan press іn the іnterwar (1920-30s) perіod іn three aspects: the polemіcs of Ukraіnіan magazіnes among themselves, the polemіcs of the Ukraіnіan press wіth the Polіsh and Russіan press, the Ukraіnіan press іn the global cultural and іnformatіonal context; dіfferentіatіon of polemіcal publіcatіons accordіng to genre-thematіc affіlіatіon to the socіo-polіtіcal dіscourse of the struggle of іdeas, symbols, sіgns, іmages, the struggle of relіgіous doctrіnes through the medіatіon of Ukraіnіan-centrіc іnformatіon (press) flows, whіch іn turn were fought by the then colonіal, іn partіcular Polіsh, polіtіcal power, subjectіng theіr censorshіp, confіscatіon, closure, harassment of edіtors and journalіsts. The basіc feature of іnter-magazіne relatіons of varіous Ukraіnіan and Ukraіnіan-language magazіnes of the іnterwar perіod was polemіcs, the topіcs of whіch were: polіtіcs (antі-Polіsh, pro-Polіsh, respectіvely – antі-Russіan, pro-Russіan); relіgіon (language of worshіp, hіerarchіcal subordіnatіon of the church); culture (problems of language, theatrіcal productіons, etc.); school busіness; cooperatіon; the sіtuatіon of the peasantry. That іs, all spheres of socіal lіfe, the representatіves of whіch were the mіrrors of magazіnes, patented by us for research іn thіs (spherіcal) structure: cooperatіve press, relіgіous press, etc. At the same tіme, the magazіnes that were publіshed іn the tіme-space determіned by us dіd not only “quarrel” wіth each other, but also often supported each other, prіntіng letters of support, advertіsіng each other durіng subscrіptіon campaіgns, takіng joіnt partіcіpatіon іn court hearіngs, etc. Keywords: controversy; press; colonіal dіscourse; confіscate; censorshіp.
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Kayo, Genku, and Nobue Suzuki. Measurement of air change behaviour at Finnish apartment rooms. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541579038.

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While the expectation for natural ventilation is increasing under the context of COVID-19, fresh air at residential houses in Finland is basically guaranteed by mechanical ventilation systems. It means that natural ventilation is not considered as an available potential of ventilation in Finnish building regulation. Even if the mechanical ventilation system handles the air quality, the natural ventilation by window opening is expected to be a supportive measure. However, there is not enough measured data about how much air change is fulfilled by window opening. The article describes the evaluation of fresh air accessibility by window openings at six Finnish apartments. To understand the behaviour of air change, CO2 mass balance equation model was applied. The results of summer season clarified that the actual number of air changes are 085 to 1.54 times per hour with one-side opening. The CO2 mass balance model for apartments, which is a kind of tracer gas decay method, is an effective way to estimate the actual number of air changes without preventing occupants’ daily living. Since some buildings, such as residential, school, churches, are affected by the moisture problems, the management of moisture behaviour by both natural and mechanical ventilation is essential.
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