Academic literature on the topic 'Chuan shi lou'

Zvi Ben-Dor Benite has contributed an important piece to the history ofMuslims in imperial China, centered on a seventeenth-century Muslimgenealogy known as the Jing Xue Xi Chuan Pu (hereinafter Genealogy),which has been recently discovered, punctuated, and printed as the Jing XueXi Chuan Pu (Xining: Qinghai Renmin Chubanshe, 1989). His book followsSachiko Murata’s study of Confucian Muslim texts and teachers (namely,Chinese Gleams of Sufi Light: Wang Tai-Yu’s Great Learning of Pure andReal and Liu Chih’s Displaying the Concealment of the Real Realm [Albany,NY: State University of New York, 2000]) and illuminates many aspects ofthe Muslims’ cultural life in imperial China.The book consists of an introduction, four chapters, and a conclusionwith tables and illustrations. The first chapter decodes the Genealogy andoutlines the trajectory of the Chinese Muslims’ educational network in centraland coastal China. The second chapter explores the “social logic”behind the practices of the Muslim literati (p. 74) – that is, how they envisionedand understood the educational system, their roles, and Islam in referenceto imperial China’s existing sociocultural categories. This chapterreveals how Muslim educational institutions enabled and empoweredMuslim intellectuals to convert “Islam” and “Muslim” into valid social categoriesof school (xuepai) and to envision themselves as “literati” (shi) thatwere as much Chinese as Muslim.The third chapter analyzes the transformation of Islamic knowledge from“orality” to “texuality” (p. 158) and the formation of the Chinese Islamicschool, which was patterned on contemporary Chinese schools of scholarship.The fourth chapter explains how Confucian Muslims interpreted Islam,Prophet Muhammad, and Islamic canons as equivalents and counterparts ofConfucianism (enumerated in the Han Kitab as “Dao,” “Sage,” and “Classic”),and how the Muslim literati embraced Confucianism. In the ...

Autochthonous traditional Chinese thought in its most developed form could be found in the philosophy of Neo-Confucianism, which continues to be a sig­nificant factor in the modern national consciousness of the Chinese people. At the same time, the pre-emptive attention of Western Sinology and Russian Chinese studies to early Confucianism does not fully take into account the Neo-Confucian interpretation of the ancient Chinese classics. Russian and Western translations of the so-called Sixteen-Word Heart Admonition (Shi liu zi xin chuan), a passage from Chapter III “Da Yu mo” (Councel of Yu the Great) of the ancient Chinese classic The Book of Historical Documents (Shujing) by A. Gaubil, N.Ya. Bichurin, D.P. Sivillov, W.H. Medhurst, J. Legge, S. Couvreur, and W.G. Old demonstrate the gradual assimilation of its Neo-Confucian inter­pretation by Western and Russian translators. Archimandrite Daniil (Dmitry P. Sivillov), in his unpublished Russian translation of Shujing of the early 1840s, adopted this interpretation earlier and understood it better than the others. It is assumed that rejection of the Manchu language mediation and peruse of the con­temporary Neo-Confucian commentaries played the key role in his success. The importance of Neo-Confucian hermeneutics research for the studies of tradi­tional Chinese philosophy, including ancient Chinese classics, is emphasized. The text of the previously unpublished Shujing Chapter III Da Yu mo Russian transla­tion by archimandrite Daniil is attached.

Abstract Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) level and the change in level at a subsequent time point (e.g. on-treatment change from baseline or postoperative changes through time) are promising tools for predicting patient prognosis and response to therapy. Existing methods use somatic variant allele frequencies to quantify circulating tumor fractions (cTF). Their performance can be limited by the number of detectable somatic alterations and the associated limit of detection (LoD), as well as interference from copy number variation and non-tumor alterations, such as clonal hematopoiesis. Here, we describe the LoD, precision and limit of quantitation (LoQ) of cTF level and change using GuardantINFINITY, a next generation sequencing panel covering over 800 genes with genome-wide methylation detection. Method: The cTF of a single sample is estimated from methylation signals across targeted regions of the GuardantINFINITY methylation panel, calibrated using internal training data. cTF change compares two or more samples from the same patient to identify patient-specific methylated regions, and compare the methylation signals of the paired regions. LoQ of cTF level and change were assessed in experimental titrations of advanced colorectal, breast, and lung cancer patient samples and cell line samples into cancer-free backgrounds at different target levels between 0.1%-0.5% cTF. LoD is defined as the lowest cTF level where >95% replicates were detected to have tumor-derived methylation signals. LoQ of cTF level or change is defined as the lowest cTF where the coefficient of variation (CV) across replicates is less than 30%. Accuracy of methylation based cTF compared to cTFs calculated from maximum VAF of somatic mutations was assessed on 1,400 clinical samples of colorectal and lung cancer patients (N=189, 372, 252 and 463 for stage I to IV). Results: Experimental titrations of cancer samples demonstrated a single-sample LoD of 0.05% cTF (lowest dilution level) and quantitative precision down to a LoQ of below 0.1%, compared to the LoQ of 0.3% estimated by somatic mutations. In paired clinical titration samples, the LoQ of methylation ctDNA level change was also below 0.1%, compared to the LoQ of ctDNA level change estimated by somatic mutations at 0.3-0.5%. In the 1,400 clinical samples, 64% had at least one somatic mutation detected, 90% had ct-DNA detected with methylation and 96% of these ct-DNA detected samples had cTF above the defined methylation LoQ. Among patients with both methylation and genomic signals identified, the methylation method quantified a similar cTF to those that were calculated using maximum somatic driver mutations (Pearson r=0.83). Conclusion: Methylome sequencing using GuardantINFINITY enables accurate and precise quantification of ctDNA level and change with a liquid-only approach, offering longitudinal ctDNA monitoring for more patients than previous methods. Citation Format: Sai Chen, Katie Quinn, Che-Yu Lee, Jun Zhao, Kyle Chang, Tingting Jiang, Shile Zhang, Carin Espenschied, Sara Wienke, Thereasa Rich, Indira Wu, Yvonne Kim, Xianxian Liu, Nageswara Alla, Dustin Ma, Giao Tran, Han-Yu Chuang. A method for quantifying circulating tumor DNA level and molecular response using methylome sequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3123.

Abstract Background: Despite its revolutionary impact, cancer genomics alone provides little information on tumor phenotype or functional state, which are governed by epigenetic mechanisms, notably methylation of regulatory regions. Tumor and host epigenetic methylation signatures reflect not only tumor phenotype, such as histology, prognosis, protein expression, and functional sub-type, but also that of the tumor microenvironment and the patient, including immune status, therapy-related adverse events, comorbidities, and disease location. Epigenetic markers also provide more sensitive and precise measures of tumor burden, opening up applications for longitudinal therapy response and monitoring. Here we report the initial validation of GuardantINFINITY, a liquid biopsy assay combining genomic information from >800 genes with characterization of the blood-quiet regulatory methylome, both at single-molecule sensitivity from a single tube of peripheral blood. Methods: Analytical performance was assessed using 594 cancer patient cfDNA, cell line, and cancer-free donor samples at 5-30ng cfDNA input. Results: Reportable ranges established for SNVs were ≥0.04% variant allele fraction (VAF), ≥0.04% for indels, ≥0.06% for fusions, ≥2.12 copies for amplifications (CNAs), <1.7 copies for copy loss. Observed 95% limits of detection (LoD) were 0.282% for SNVs across all genes (0.2% for oncogenic hotspots), 0.397% for non-homopolymeric indels, 0.05% for fusions, 2.5 copies for CNAs, 16.3% VAF or 1.84 copies for gene deletions, 7.3 copies for viral (HPV, EBV) detection, and 0.06% for MSI-H. For promoter and sample-level methylation, LoDs were 0.06% and 0.05% tumor fraction, respectively. cfDNA cancer samples demonstrated 100% accuracy for SNVs and Indels above 0.5% VAF and 100% for CNAs and fusions across the reportable range. The analytical false positive rate per base was 6.84e-6 for SNVs, 3.42e-6 for indels, and 0 for CNAs and fusions, with positive predictive values of 97.5% for SNVs, 98% for indels, and 100% for CNAs above 2.5 copies and all tested fusions. Conclusions: GuardantINFINITY is a patient-care-ready liquid biopsy capable of integrated genomic and epigenomic analysis of all solid tumors at single-molecule sensitivity. In addition to traditional genotyping compatible with Guardant360 for more content, the technology’s demonstrated LoD showed the potential for ultra-sensitive ctDNA detection for MRD and recurrence surveillance, tumor fraction quantitation for therapy monitoring, oncogenic virus detection, immunogenotyping, epigenotyping, and tumor phenotype characterization, representing a new standard in biomarker discovery. Citation Format: Tingting Jiang, Indira Wu, Yvonne Kim, Nageswara Alla, Giao Tran, Dustin Ma, Forum Shah, Jun Zhao, Sai Chen, Sante Gnerre, Melis Hazar, Hao Wang, Catalin Barbacioru, Karen Ryall, Ankit Jambusaria, Anupam Chakravarthy, Anthony Zunino, Theresa Pham, Farsheed Ghadiri, Evan Diehl, Benjamin Morck, Arancha Sanchez, Rochelle Dayan, XianXian Liu, Jeffrey Werbin, Jill Lai, Brett Kennedy, Ross Eppler, Justin Odegaard, Han-Yu Chuang, Helmy Eltoukhy. Analytical validation of a robust integrated genomic and epigenomic liquid biopsy for biomarker discovery, therapy selection, and response monitoring [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6601.

Abstract Background: Dual HER2 targeted therapy with pyrotinib (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting HER1, HER2, and HER4) and trastuzumab plus chemotherapy has been approved as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer in China based on the results from phase 3 PHEDRA study. However, the optimal chemotherapy partner still needs exploration. This multicenter phase 2 trial (ChiCTR1900022293) aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and pyrotinib followed by docetaxel, trastuzumab and pyrotinib (ECP-THP) as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with stage II-III HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods: Patients received intravenous epirubicin (90 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2) on day 1 of each cycle for four 21-day cycles, followed by intravenous docetaxel (75 mg/m2) and trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 6 mg/kg) on day 1 for 4 cycles. Pyrotinib 400 mg was given orally once daily throughout the neoadjuvant therapy period. Surgery was performed within 16-20 days after the last neoadjuvant therapy. The primary endpoint was total pathological complete response (tpCR, ypT0/is ypN0) rate. Results: Between May 2020 and May 2022, a total of 175 patients enrolled. As of May 31, 2022, 144 patients had undergone surgery; the median age was 51 years (range, 26-67). Sixty-seven (46.5%) of 144 patients had hormone receptor (HR)-negative disease, and 77 (53.5%) had HR-positive disease. The tpCR rate was 67.4% (97/144; 95%CI, 59.3%-74.5%). Patients with HR-negative disease had numerically higher tpCR rate than those with HR-positive disease (73.1% [95%CI, 61.5%-82.3%] vs. 62.3% [95%CI, 51.2%-72.3%]), but without statistical significance (P=0.230). Miller-Payne grade 4 and 5 pathological responses were found in 22 (15.3%) and 97 (67.4%) of 144 patients, respectively. Regarding clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy before surgery, 31 (21.5%) of 144 patients achieved complete response and 99 (68.8%) achieved partial response, with an objective response rate of 90.3% (95%CI, 84.3%-94.1%). Of 161 patients with available safety data, the most common grade ≥3 adverse events included diarrhea (57.1%), white blood cell count decreased (8.7%), and neutrophil count decreased (5.6%). No treatment-related deaths occurred. Conclusions: Patients with stage II-III HER2-positive breast cancer show favorable clinical and pathological response to this ECP-THP neoadjuvant regimen, with an acceptable safety profile. Citation Format: Qiyun Shi, Xiaowei Qi, Peng Tang, Linjun Fan, Li Chen, Shushu Wang, Guozhi Zhang, Mengyuan Wang, Hongying Che, Pengwei Lv, Dejie Chen, Jinhui Hu, Qiuyun Li, Yanwu Zhang, Qiao Yu, Kunxian Yang, Yuan Zhong, Chuang Chen, Zemin Zhou, Liyuan Qian, Jingwei Zhang, Mingde Ma, Yi Sun, Jiangbo Liu, Yi Zhang, Jun Jiang. Epirubicin, cyclophosphamide and pyrotinib followed by docetaxel, trastuzumab and pyrotinib as neoadjuvant therapy for stage II-III HER2-positive breast cancer: a single-arm, multicenter phase 2 trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-22-01.

Abstract Background: BRCA1 promoter methylation (PM) is an early initiating event in cancer, occurring in 3 to 65.2% of all breast tumors, and 30 to 65% of triple negative tumors. BRCA1 PM has been associated with defective homologous recombination repair (HRR), early onset of breast and ovarian cancer, and improved clinical response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Historically, there has been no diagnostic assay that comprehensively evaluates both BRCA1 PM and genomic alterations in cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Here, we describe the novel detection of BRCA1 PM and genomic alterations in a cohort of patients with breast cancer using GuardantINFINITY, a liquid biopsy assay interrogating 800+ genes and genome-wide methylation detection. Method: We assessed for BRCA1 PM in ctDNA from 274 patients with late-stage breast cancer. Genomic sequencing of 800+ genes and PM profiling of 398 genes was performed by GuardantINFINITY. The positive calling threshold for PM was established by comparing cell-free DNA derived from patients with cancer and cancer-free donors. The limit of detection (LoD) was determined through in silico and experimental titrations of ctDNA from clinical samples and cell lines with known gene PM into the plasma of cancer-free donors. Results: Among the 274 patients with advanced breast cancer, 8 (2.9%) had germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, or ATM. BRCA1 PM was detected in 11/274 (4.0%) patients at the predefined threshold of >99% specificity. BRCA1 PM detection in this cohort was 8.9% (8/90) when excluding samples with low tumor shedding (<1% epigenomic tumor fraction in cfDNA). Among the 11 patients with BRCA1 PM detected in ctDNA, one had a co-occurring somatic BRCA1 nonsense variant (p.S361*); none of the remaining patients with BRCA1 PM had another HRR-related mutation detected in cfDNA. Among patients without BRCA1 PM detected, pathogenic somatic alterations were detected in BRCA2, ATM, and CHEK2 in 25 (9.4%) patients. In silico simulations using clinical samples with BRCA1 PM indicated an LoD of 0.0408%. BRCA1 PM was not detected in 3210 individual and mixed cancer-free clinical samples, indicating a high specificity for BRCA1 PM calls. Conclusion: GuardantINFINITY, a plasma-based diagnostic assay, detected both BRCA1 PM and genomic alterations in this unspecified advanced breast cancer cohort. The BRCA1 PM detection rates of 4.0-8.9% are consistent with values previously reported in the literature. As BRCA1 PM has important prognostic and therapeutic implications for the management of breast (as well as ovarian) cancers, additional studies are warranted to further describe the PM patterns across breast cancer subtypes and how these patterns both influence and are influenced by disease evolution and therapeutic response. Liquid biopsy thus serves as a suitable method to noninvasively identify and monitor changes in both genomics and epigenomics. Citation Format: Jennifer Yen, Sai Chen, Colby Jenkins, Brooke Overstreet, Yu Fu, Jun Zhao, Tingting Jiang, Leylah Drusbosky, Stephen Pettitt, Michael Dorschner, Lauren Lawrence, Han-Yu Chuang, Andrew Tutt. BRCA1 promoter methylation in sporadic breast cancer patients detected by liquid biopsy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6603.

Proximate analysis of Dioscorea hispida tubers, collected from five locations around Leuser ecosystem in Aceh Province, showed variations amongst samples. Standard AOAC method for proximate analysis of the fresh weight showed that the water content varied between 15.8 - 37.8%, crude protein 1.13 -6.20%, crude lipid 1.99 - 9.36% and ash 0.29 - 1.24%. The total carbohydrate was high, i.e. between 58.3 -71.9%. The main mineral was phosphorus, with a value of 11.7 - 46.9 mg/100g. These variations could be due to soil, climate and weather factors, as well as postharvest handling. Phytochemical tests showed that all of the samples contained alkaloids and terpenoids. One of the samples (LP) also contained phenol and steroid. The high cyanide content in the tubers (379 - 739 ppm) was easily removed by repeated washing. The cyanide level dropped significantly after the 3rd wash. Information on nutritional content in D. hispida is essential for planning its utilization. Increasing the economic value of D. hispida is expected to attract people around the Leuser ecosystem to cultivate and utilize it, thereby reducing illegal forest encroachment.Keywords: Dioscorea hispida, proximate, Leuser, janeng, gadung, starchREFERENCESBarton H 2014 Yams: Origins and Development, Encyclopaedia of Global Archaeology, p 7943-7947, (Springer. DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_2193).Obidiegwu J E and Akpabio E M 2017 The Geography of Yam Cultivation in Southern Nigeria: Exploring Its Social Meanings and Cultural Functions J. Ethnic Foods 4 28-35.Chandrasekara A and Kumar T J 2016 Roots and Tuber Crops as Functional Foods: A Review on Phytochemical Constituents and Their Potential Health Benefits Intl. J. Food Sci. 2016 1-15.Kumar S, Das G, Shin H-S and Patra J K 2017 Dioscorea spp. (A Wild Edible Tuber): A Study on Its Ethnopharmacological Potential and Traditional Use by the Local People of Similipal Biosphere Reserve India Front. 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(London: Chapman and Hall Ltd.)Bhandari M R, Kasai T and Kawabata J 2003 Nutritional Evaluation of Wild Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Tubers of Nepal Food Chem. 82 619–623.Adepoju O T, Boyejo O and Adeniji P O 2017 Nutrient and Antinutrient Composition of Yellow Yam (Dioscorea cayenensis) Products Data in Brief 11 428–431.Wu Z-G, Jiang W, Nitin M, Bao X-Q, Chen S-L and Tao Z-M 2016 Characterizing Diversity Based on Nutritional and Bioactive Compositions of Yam Germplasm (Dioscorea spp.) Commonly Cultivated in China J. Food Drug Anal. 24 367 – 375.Udensi E A, Osebele H O and Iweala O O 2008 The Investigation of Chemical Composition and Functional Properties of Water Yam (Dioscorea alata): Effect of Varietal Differences Pakistan J. Nutrition 7(2) 342-344.Hornick S B 1992 Factors Affecting the Nutritional Quality of Crops Am. J. Altern. Agric. 7 (Special Issue on Soil Quality) 63-68.Lewicki P P 2004 Water as the Determinant of Food Engineering Properties, A Review J. 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Polym. 55 3–8.Barsby T L, Donald A M, Frazier P J, Donald A M, Perry P A and Waigh T A 2001 The Impact of Internal Granule Structure on Processing and Properties in Starch: Advances in Structure and Function p 45-52 (Royal Society of Chemistry, http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847551917-00045)Tattiyakul J, Naksriarporn T and Pradipasena P 2012 X-ray Diffraction Pattern and Functional Properties of Dioscorea hispida Dennst Starch Hydrothermally Modified at Different Temperatures Food Bioproc. Technol. 5 964–971.Savikin-Fodulovic K, Grubisic D, Culafic L, Menkovic N and Ristic M 1998 Diosgenin and Phytosterols Content in Five Callus Lines of Dioscorea balcanica Plant Sci. 135 63–67.Cushnie T. P. T, Cushnie B and Lamb A J 2014 Alkaloids: An Overview of Their Antibacterial, Antibiotic-enhancing and Antivirulence Activities Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 44 (5) 377-386.Tholl D 2015 Biosynthesis and Biological Functions of Terpenoids in Plants, Biotechnology of Isoprenoids p 63-106 Part of the Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology book series (ABE, volume 148).Nagata K, Aistrup G L, Honda H, Shono T and Narahashi T 1999 Modulation of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor by Dioscorine in Clonal Rat Phaeochlomocytoma (PC12) Cells Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 64 (3) 157–165.Bhandari M R and Kawabata J 2005 Bitterness and Toxicity in Wild Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Tubers of Nepal Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 60 129–135, 2005.White W L B , Arias-Garzon D I, McMahon J M and Sayre R 1998 Cyanogenesis in Cassava: The Role of Hydroxynitrile Lyase in Root Cyanide Production Plant Physiol. 116 1219-25.Kumoro A C and Hartati I. 2015 Microwave Assisted Extraction of Dioscorin from Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) Tuber Flour, Procedia Chem. 14 47 – 55.

Abstract Background: BRCA deficient Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are effectively treated with platinum agents but, upon relapse, resistance is common. A number of genes have been shown to mediate chemoresistance in vitro, but none have been clinically useful due to the heterogeneous mechanisms of in vivo tumor chemo-resilience. Methods: We attacked this problem by recapitulating the generation of in vivo resistance to cisplatin in 50 mice bearing a platinum sensitive TNBC patient derived xenograft (PDX) TM00099, a BRCA1 deficient type 1 tandem duplicator phenotype tumor. Untreated tumors were compared to residual tumors that were sampled after the first cycle of cisplatin, upon recovery, and after the second cycle of drug which generated platinum resistant and sensitive tumors. Our earlier work on TM00099 suggested the existence of two major subspecies, designated A and B, with shifts observed in their proportions post treatment (1). We deconvoluted the bulk tumors into their clonal components to assess the precise numerical fluxes after each treatment cycle to gain insight into the cellular basis of the emergence of in vivo resistance. Results: 55 single cell derived clones isolated from bulk TM00099 tumors were genomically characterized identifying five subclonal populations: B, CCR, and variations of the original A: A25, A33 and A50. SNP analyses indicated that these five subclones comprised the vast majority (~93%) of all TM00099 tumors. Lineage analysis revealed that all A clones were related but distinct from B. CCR however had both A and B SNP markers and relatively higher ploidy indicating that CCR is a fusion of ancestral A and B clones. We found that A50, A33, and CCR were ~1.9X more resistant to cisplatin (mean IC50=4.4 µM) compared to the sensitive clones A25 and B (mean IC50=2.3 µM; p=0.002) in vitro. Although B clones had similar IC50 to A25s, B had improved in vitro survival at higher concentrations of cisplatin suggesting a dormancy-like phenotype: the persistent B cells did not recover within 50 days after in vitro exposure to cisplatin. Using clonal markers in bulk tumors, we found excellent concordance with their in vitro phenotypic analysis: after the first cycle of cisplatin, there was a proportional decline in A25, an enrichment of B, and stable proportions of A50, A33, and CCR. After the second platinum cycle, the emerging resistant tumors were mostly devoid of A25, and had low proportions of B, but highly enriched for A50, A33, CCR and an uncharacterized resistant A clone. The sensitive tumor residuals after the second platinum dose were predominantly comprised of B. Genomic analysis of the clones did not reveal any genetic drivers of resistance. Transciptionally, the sensitive B clones were characterized as mesenchymal or basal-like 1 TNBC subtypes, while the resistant As were categorized as basal-like 2, which have enhanced growth factor signaling and is associated with poorer response to chemotherapy. Correspondingly, the MAPK and stress assosciated NF-κB signaling pathways were augmented in As which were indeed more sensitive to blockade of MEK, EGFR and NF-κB than the platinum sensitive B clone. A25s which are sensitive revertants of the otherwise resistant A group use a mechanism to bypass resistance likely driven by ZNF350 and ZNF93. Conclusions: Our clonal reconstruction of TM00099 showed that acquired resistance can emerge by enrichment of not one but a composite of multiple preexisting resistant clones. The origins and characteristics of these clones are complex and include epigenetically driven resistance (A50 and A33), cell fusion mediated resistance (CCR), reversion to sensitivity (A25), and dormancy despite initial sensitivity (B). These nuances would not be discerned using bulk tumor assessments pointing to single cell genomic analyses as the most precise way to deconvolute the capacity of TNBC tumors to develop resistance. References: 1. H. Kim et al., Sci Rep. 8, 17937 (2018). Citation Format: Pooja Kumar, Francesca Menghi, Robert Straub, Patience Mukashyaka, Michael W. Lloyd, Harshpreet Chandok, Joshy George, Jeffery Chuang, Edison Liu. Deconvoluting dynamics of acquired chemoresistance in Triple Negative Breast Cancer tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-13-10.

碩士
中原大學
室內設計學系
87
The oil painting in house of the private sector towards the end of the Ching Dynasty was mostly performed by craftsmen from the coastal provinces of Fukien and Canton, and consequently, inherited the style. The work records of Taiwan oil painting in house development was initiated after the craftsman under the surname of Kuo had settled in Lukang, Chianghua from Chuanchou, Fukien. The essay is a study on the oil painting in house repertoire of the Kuos'' second generation in Taiwan, Kuo Chun-chiang. The study issues include the Kuos'' journey to Taiwan and the development, the biography of Kuo Chun-chiang and his repertoire, the subjects employed in the painting works as well as examination of the principles and features. The closing attempts at establishing the craft aspect and the artistic values of Kuo Chun-chiang along with the position of the craftsman. The study is divided into the following chapters: Chapter IIntroduction Study motive and objective, relevant retrospect, study scope and method Chapter II The Kuos'' Development in Taiwan and Craftsman Kuo Chun-chiang The segment starts by introducing the Kuos'' journey to Taiwan and the family development as well as the family legacy in architectural painting, the practice contents and work distribution. A review of the life and works of Kuo Chun-chiang is also included. Chapter III Subjects and Principles of Decoration in the Works of Kuo Chun-chiang Two houses by Kuo Chun-chiang are used as the study subject in analyzing the painting''s relation to space and the location, the theme employed and the meaning of which, the decoration principles; through which, the meaning and function of oil painting in house are examined. Chapter IV Feature Analysis of Kuo Chun-chiang''s Repertoire The basic elements and the blocks, drapes and decorative symbols employed in the compositions of the craftsman''s works are analyzed. Further examination of the Kuos'' third generation work collection is also undertaken for comparison. Chapter VConclusion The various issues are incorporated in examining the craft and artistic aspects of Kuo Chun-chiang''s life-long works.

碩士
國立臺北藝術大學
音樂學研究所碩士班
100
It is apparent that the continuity between qin masters, qin schools, qin anthologies and qin compositions can be found in Liu Shui (“Flowing Water”) of Pan-Chuan Qin School and Ping Sha (“Wild Geese Landing on the Sandy Shore”) of Mei An Qin School, and the appearance of “cadenza” in Liu Shui and Ping Sha is also a newly occurred event for history of music style. During the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic, Liu Shui of Pan-Chuan Qin School and Ping Sha of Mei An Qin School were presented to public, and they have became repertories for elegant meetings, performances and recordings and have been widely accepted as a part of “tradition”, rather than “innovation” excluding tradition ever since. 　　Liu Shui of Pan-Chuan Qin School, Ping Sha of Mei An Qin School, and the event of “cadenza” in them are model cases worthy of observation according as qin history of music as well as its style because of their variability within continuity. They not only embody metamorphoses of recent qin music, but respond to great changes of China in modern history. This is also an instance to regard art as a witness of history and an epitome of times.

One of the more powerful applications of organocatalysis has been the enantioselective transformation of preformed prochiral rings. In the five-membered ring series, Nobuyuki Mase of Shizuoka University effected (Synlett 2010, 2340) enantioselective addition of malonate to cyclopentenone 1, and Eric N. Jacobsen of Harvard University devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9753) a guanidinium catalyst for the Claisen rearrangement of 4 to 5. Jacek Mlynarski of Jagiellonian University accomplished (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 4088) the enantioselective hydroxymethylation of 6. This worked equally well for cyclopentanone and cycloheptanone. The dynamic kinetic resolution/reductive amination of 8 described (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 4612) by Benjamin List of the Max-Planck-Institut Mülheim worked best with cyclohexanones such as 8. Organocatalysts can also be effective for the construction of carbocyclic rings. Teck-Peng Loh of Nanyang Technological University found (Chem. Sci. 2010, 1, 739) a commercial phosphine catalyst that efficiently mediated the condensation of 10 with 11. David W. C. MacMillan of Princeton University used (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 10015) a SOMO catalyst to combine 13 with 14 to make 15. Dawei Ma of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry employed (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3634) the Hayashi catalyst in the double Michael condensation of 16 with 17. Daniel Romo of Texas A&M University showed (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3764) that the appropriate organocatalyst could direct 19 to either diastereomer of the β-lactone 20. Professor Romo also reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9479) the desymmetrization of 2-alkyl cyclohexane-1,3-diones using a similar approach. In the six-membered ring series, José Alemán and José Luis García Ruano of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid carried out (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 4482) Robinson annulation of 17 with 21. Ying-Chun Chen of Sichuan University, again using the Hayashi catalyst, reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 6418) the addition of 17 to 23 to give 24. In another elegant application of visible light–mediated organocatalysis, Professor MacMillan described (Chem. Sci. 2010, 1, 37) the addition of the commercial boronic acid 25 to 17.

Table of Contents Preface ..............................................................................................................iii Committee V.1: Accidental Limit States .......................................................1 Bruce Quinton; Gaetano De Luca; Topan Firmandha; Mihkel Körgesaar; Hervé Le Sourne; Ken Nahshon; Gabriele Notaro; Kourosh Parsa; Smiljko Rudan; Katsuyuki Suzuki; Osiris Valdez Banda; CareyWalters; Deyu Wang; Zhaolong Yu Committee V.2: Experimental Methods ......................................................91 Soren Ehlers (Chair); Nagi Abdussamie; Kim Branner; ShiXiao Fu; Martijn Hoogeland; Kari Kolari; Paul Lara; Constantine Michailides; Hideaki Murayama; Cesare Rizzo; Jung Kwan Seo; Patrick Kaeding Committee V.3: Materials and Fabrication Technology ..........................163 Lennart Josefson (Chair); Konstantinos Anyfantis; Bianca de Carvalho Pinheiro; Bai-Qiao Chen; Pingsha Dong; Nicole Ferrari; Koji Gotoh; James Huang; Matthias Krause; Kun Liu; Stephane Paboeuf; Stephen van Duin; Fang Wang; Albert Zamarin Committee V.4: Offshore Renewable Energy ...........................................241 Atanasios Kolios (Chair); Kyong-Hwan Kim; Chen Hsing Cheng; Elif Oguz; Pablo Morato; Freeman Ralph; Chuang Fang; Chunyan Ji; Marc Le Boulluec; Thomas Choisnet; Luca Greco; Tomoaki Utsunomiya; Kourosh Rezanejad; Charles Rawson; Jose Miguel Rodrigues Committee V.5: Special Vessels ................................................................313 Darren Truelock (Chair); Jason Lavroff; Dustin Pearson; Zbigniew (Jan) Czaban; Hanbing Luo; Fuhua Wang; Ivan Catipovic; Ermina Begovic; Yukichi Takaoka; Claudia Loureiro; Chang Yong Song; Esther Garcia; Alexander Egorov; Jean-Baptiste Souppez; Pradeep Sensharma; Rachel Nicholls-Lee Committee V.6: Ocean Space Utilization ..................................................379 Sebastian Schreier (Chair); Felice Arena; Harry Bingham; Nuno Fonseca; Zhiqiang Hu; Debabrata Karmakar; Ekaterina Kim; Hui Li; Pengfei Liu; Motohiko Murai; Spiro J Pahos; Chao Tian; George Wang Committee V.7: Structural Longevity ........................................................445 Iraklis Lazakis (Chair); Bernt Leira; Nianzhong Chen; Geovana Drumond; Chi-Fang Lee; Paul Jurisic; Bin Liu; Alysson Mondoro; Pooria Pahlavan; Xinghua Shi; Ha Cheol Song; Tadashi Sugimura; Christian Jochum; Tommaso Coppola Committee V.8: Subsea Technology ..........................................................503 Agnes Marie Horn (Chair); Tauhid Rahman; Ilson Pasqualino; Menglan Duan; Zhuang Kang; Michael Rye Andersen; Yoshihiro Konno; Chunsik Shim; Angelo Teixeira; Selda Oterkus; Blair Thornton; Brajendra Mishra Subject Index .............................................................................................582 Author Index ...............................................................................................584

As a relatively high-speed warship a frigate has to maintain the capability to operate in rough seas. At this sea condition the ship certainly often experiences slamming since it normally has a low draft. This paper presents a numerical prediction of the slamming pressure on a frigate ship. The frigate has a typical V-shape hull form and operated at a head-sea condition which assumed to have maximum slamming load/pressure. The locations of prediction are determined for places which are prone to dynamic loads that affected the performance of warships. The locations are the tip of the bow which is usually a sonar dome, and a quarter of the area of the bow of the ship length which is the location of weapons systems, and the area aft (stern) in where a helipad , helicopter hangars, and the weapons systems are mainly placed . The main dimension of the vessel for this study is LPP = 120m, B = 15.89m, D = 9.365 m and T = 4. 83 m, with a service speed of V = 25 knots. The environmental condition of the open sea is selected as JONSWAP spectrum with a significant height Hs of 5 m, and a peak period Tp of 13,782 secs. Steps of slamming loads prediction from the procedure of Slamming Strength Assessment of the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) Rules of 2011 is applied for this study. It starts with a Response Amplitude Operator (RAO) motion calculation of the frigate to obtain the range of peak frequencies in which the response of relative vertical motion and velocity is a maximum. Then, these frequencies are set to be the working frequencies for calculating the pressure distribution of the ship hull. These calculation results are used to obtain the design slamming pressure by applying the formula from ABS Guide for Slamming Loads and Strength Assessment for Vessels, 2011 (see references). The comparison of the result of this study to a well- known Stavovy & and Chuang method and modified data from Mariner full- scale measurement has been made and found that they agree well each other. Accordingly this information of the pressure can be used for preliminary life assessment and size determination of the structural component of the frigate.

Committee I.1: Environment Alexander Babanin (Chair); Mariana Bernardino; Franz von Bock und Polach; Ricardo Campos,; Jun Ding; Sanne van Essen; Tomaso Gaggero; Maryam Haroutunian; Vanessa Katsardi; Alexander Nilva; Arttu Polojarvi; Erik Vanem; Jungyong Wang; Huidong Zhang; Tingyao Zhu Floor Discussers: Florian Sprenger; Carlos Guedes Soares; Henk den Besten Committee I.2: Loads Ole Andreas Hermundstad (Chair); Shuhong Chai; Guillaume de Hauteclocque; Sheng Dong; Chih-Chung Fang; Thomas B. Johannessen; Celso Morooka; Masayoshi Oka; Jasna Prpić-Oršić; Alessandro Sacchet; Mahmud Sazidy; Bahadir Ugurlu; Roberto Vettor; Peter Wellens Official Discusser: Hayden Marcollo Committee II-1: Quasi-Static Response James Underwood (Chair); Erick Alley; Jerolim Andrić Dario Boote; Zhen Gao; Ad Van Hoeve; Jasmin Jelovica; Yasumi Kawamura; Yooil Kim; Jian Hu Liu; Sime Malenica; Heikki Remes; Asokendu Samanta; Krzysztof Woloszyk; Deqing Yang Official Discusser: Prof. T. Yoshikwa Committee II.2: Dynamic Response Gaute Storhaug (Chair); Daniele Dessi; Sharad Dhavalikar; Ingo Drummen; Michael Holtmann; Young-Cheol Huh; Lorenzo Moro; Andre Paiva; Svein Sævik; Rong-Juin Shyu; Shan Wang; Sue Wang; WenWei Wu; Yasuhira Yamada; Guiyong Zhang Floor Discussers: Ling Zhu; Tomoki Takami; Anriette (Annie) Bekker; Bruce Quinton; Robert Sielski Committee III.1: Ultimate Strength Paul E. Hess (Chair); Chen An; Lars Brubak; Xiao Chen; Jinn Tong Chiu; Jurek Czujko; Ionel Darie; Guoqing Feng; Marco Gaiotti; Beom Seon Jang; Adnan Kefal; Sukron Makmun; Jonas Ringsberg; Jani Romanoff; Saad Saad-Eldeen; Ingrid Schipperen; Kristjan Tabri; Yikun Wang; Daisuke Yanagihara Official Discusser: Jørgen Amdahl Committee III.2: Fatigue and Fracture Yordan Garbatov (Chair); Sigmund K Ås; Henk Den Besten; Philipp Haselbach; Adrian Kahl; Dale Karr; Myung Hyun Kim; Junjie Liu; Marcelo Igor Lourenço de Souza; Wengang Mao; Eeva Mikkola; Naoki Osawa; Fredhi Agung Prasetyo; Mauro Sicchiero; Suhas Vhanmane; Marta Vicente del Amo; Jingxia Yue Official Discusser Weicheng Cui Floor Discussers: Robert Sielski; Sören Ehlers; Stephane Paboeuf; Teresa Magoga Committee IV.1: Design Principles and Criteria Matthew Collette (Chair); Piero Caridis; Petar Georgiev; Torfinn Hørte; Han Koo Jeong; Rafet emek Kurt; Igor Ilnytskiy; Tetsuo Okada; Charles Randall; Zbigniew Sekulski; Matteo Sidari; Zhihu Zhan; Ling Zhu Official Discusser: Enrico Rizzuto Committee IV.2: Design Methods Andrea Ivaldi (Chair); Abbas Bayatfar; Jean-David Caprace; Gennadiy Egorov; Svein Erling Heggelund; Shinichi Hirakawa; Jung Min Kwon; Dan Mcgreer; Pero Prebeg; Robert Sielski; Mark Slagmolen; Adam Sobey; Wenyong Tang; Jiameng Wu Official Discusser: Mario Dogliani Committee V.1: Accidental Limit States Bruce Quinton; Gaetano De Luca; Topan Firmandha; Mihkel Körgesaar; Hervé Le Sourne; Ken Nahshon; Gabriele Notaro; Kourosh Parsa; Smiljko Rudan; Katsuyuki Suzuki; Osiris Valdez Banda; CareyWalters; Deyu Wang; Zhaolong Yu Official Discusser: Manolis Samuelides Committee V.2: Experimental Methods Sören Ehlers (Chair); Nagi Abdussamie; Kim Branner; ShiXiao Fu; Martijn Hoogeland; Kari Kolari; Paul Lara; Constantine Michailides; Hideaki Murayama; Cesare Rizzo; Jung Kwan Seo; Patrick Kaeding Official Discusser: Giles Thomas Committee V.3: Materials and Fabrication Technology Lennart Josefson (Chair); Konstantinos Anyfantis; Bianca de Carvalho Pinheiro; Bai-Qiao Chen; Pingsha Dong; Nicole Ferrari; Koji Gotoh; James Huang; Matthias Krause; Kun Liu; Stephane Paboeuf; Stephen van Duin; Fang Wang; Albert Zamarin Official Discusser: Frank Roland Floor Discussers Alessandro Caleo; Agnes Marie Horn; Krzysztof Woloszyk; Robert Sielski Committee V.4: Offshore Renewable Energy Atanasios Kolios (Chair); Kyong-Hwan Kim; Chen Hsing Cheng; Elif Oguz; Pablo Morato; Freeman Ralph; Chuang Fang; Chunyan Ji; Marc Le Boulluec; Thomas Choisnet; Luca Greco; Tomoaki Utsunomiya; Kourosh Rezanejad; Charles Rawson; Jose Miguel Rodrigues Official Discusser: Amy Robertson Committee V.5: Special Vessels Darren Truelock (Chair); Jason Lavroff; Dustin Pearson; Zbigniew (Jan) Czaban; Hanbing Luo; Fuhua Wang; Ivan Catipovic; Ermina Begovic; Yukichi Takaoka; Claudia Loureiro; Chang Yong Song; Esther Garcia; Alexander Egorov; Jean-Baptiste Souppez; Pradeep Sensharma; Rachel Nicholls-Lee Official Discusser: Jaye Falls Floor Discussers: Jasmin Jelovica; Stephane Paboeuf; Sören Ehlers Committee V.6: Ocean Space Utilization Sebastian Schreier (Chair); Felice Arena; Harry Bingham; Nuno Fonseca; Zhiqiang Hu; Debabrata Karmakar; Ekaterina Kim; Hui Li; Pengfei Liu; Motohiko Murai; Spiro J Pahos; Chao Tian; George Wang Official Discusser: Hideyuki Suzuki Floor Discussers: Robert Sielski; Sue Wang; Sarat Mohapatra; Gaute Storhaug; Henk den Besten Committee V.7: Structural Longevity Iraklis Lazakis (Chair); Bernt Leira; Nianzhong Chen; Geovana Drumond; Chi-Fang Lee; Paul Jurisic; Bin Liu; Alysson Mondoro; Pooria Pahlavan; Xinghua Shi; Ha Cheol Song; Tadashi Sugimura; Christian Jochum; Tommaso Coppola Official Discusser: Timo de Beer Floor Discusser: Krzysztof Woloszyk Committee V.8: Subsea Technology Agnes Marie Horn (Chair); Tauhid Rahman; Ilson Pasqualino; Menglan Duan; Zhuang Kang; Michael Rye Andersen; Yoshihiro Konno; Chunsik Shim; Angelo Teixeira; Selda Oterkus; Blair Thornton; Brajendra Mishra Official Discusser: Segen F. Estefen

“Sinfonia para a Solidão” es un wearable que detecta la distancia social entre el portador y otros cuerpos humanos, expresándola a través de estímulos táctiles y auditivos. Dos sensores calculan la distancia y la presencia de personas cercanas. Si se detecta un acercamiento, la piel del usuario es estimulada por la vibración de micromotores y los sonidos son reproducidos por un pequeño altavoz conectado al dispositivo portátil. El material que compone la prenda es de bioplástico de tapioca con la inserción de hojas de té de canela, cúrcuma y manzanilla seca, agregando una capa de olores y texturas a la obra. La pieza tiene como objetivo discutir la soledad resultante de la necesidad de aislamiento social debido a la pandemia desencadenada por COVID-19. Alerta la aproximación de otros emitiendo avisos audibles. Al mismo tiempo, reconforta al usuario con vibraciones en la piel y con olor a hierbas que alude a un ambiente privado protegido y a comida casera. Consiste en una sinfonía de estímulos para abordar las consecuencias físicas y psicológicas del distanciamiento social, así como para advertir sobre el peligro de la contaminación del virus, que se produce principalmente por la proximidad y el contacto directo entre las personas. El proceso creativo para el concepto y el diseño del wearable se dio en el contexto de las políticas de distanciamiento social. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo del experimento estuvo muy influenciado por la cultura y la información “Hágalo usted mismo” (DIY) compartida por la comunidad en línea. La parte técnica de la pieza se construyó sobre la plataforma de código abierto Arduino, y la investigación del bioplástico de tapioca estuvo influenciada por la receta compartida por Rafaela Blanch Pires y Helena Kussik de AdaLab/UFG (Universidad Federal de Goiás/Brasil). El uso del bioplástico de la harina de mandioca (tapioca) es amigable con el medio ambiente y también refleja cómo la herencia alimentaria brasileña puede influir en el arte de los nuevos medios. El experimento se desarrolló durante una investigación de doctorado que se centró en el estudio de los Procesos Multisensoriales a través de la asociación de arte, ciencia y tecnología. El principal objetivo de la investigación fue identificar las contribuciones del arte al tema. Los resultados sugieren que los artistas pueden hacerlo expandiendo esta investigación a diferentes contextos sociales, culturales y políticos. “Sinfonia para a Solidão” fue creada en este marco, y está relacionada con una serie de experimentos artísticos que investigan la percepción multisensorial mediante el desarrollo de wearables, como “Spiel” de Peter van Haaften y Michael Montanaro (2019), “Neoteny” de Hui Sim Chan (Sim) (2018) y “SHE BON” de Sarah Petkus (2018). La relación entre la teoría y la práctica se exploró mediante el relevamiento bibliográfico del tema en contextos científicos y artísticos, así como mediante el análisis de obras de arte y el desarrollo de experimentos poéticos. Este proceso de investigación híbrido resultó en un diálogo cercano entre referencias artísticas y teóricas.

Abstract Human’s motion and its mechanisms had become interesting in the last years, where the medecine’s field search for rehabilitation methods for handicapped persons. Other fields, like sport sciences, professional or military world, search to distinguish profiles and ways to train them with specific purposes. Besides, recent findings in neuroscience try to describe these mechanisms from an organic point of view. Until now, different researchs had given a model about control motor that describes how the union between the senses’s information allows adaptable movements. One of this sense is the proprioception, the sense which has a quite big factor in the orientation and position of the body, its members and joints. For this reason, research for new strategies to explore proprioception and improve the theories of human motion could be done by three different vias. At first, the sense is analysed in a case-study where three groups of persons are compared in a controlled enviroment with three experimental tasks. The subjects belong to each group by the kind of sport they do: sedentary, normal sportsmen (e.g. athletics, swimming) and martial sportmen (e.g. karate, judo). They are compared thinking about the following hypothesis: “Martial Sportmen have a better proprioception than of the other groups’s subjects: It could be due to the type of exercises they do in their sports as empirically, a contact sportsman shows significantly superior motor skills to the members of the other two groups. The second via are records from encephalogram (EEG) while the experimental tasks are doing. These records are analised a posteriori with a set of processing algorithms to extract characteristics about brain’s activity of the proprioception and motion control. 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